Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Région de l'Abitibi-TémiscamingueMore information: Quebec [Health region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	147,082	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	72,505	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	66,421	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	...	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	...	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	147,080	74,495	72,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	25,325	12,870	12,460	17.2	17.3	17.2
0 to 4 years	7,875	4,035	3,840	5.4	5.4	5.3
5 to 9 years	8,615	4,350	4,260	5.9	5.8	5.9
10 to 14 years	8,840	4,480	4,360	6.0	6.0	6.0
15 to 64 years	91,040	46,810	44,225	61.9	62.8	60.9
15 to 19 years	7,595	3,915	3,680	5.2	5.3	5.1
20 to 24 years	7,285	3,815	3,465	5.0	5.1	4.8
25 to 29 years	8,600	4,420	4,175	5.8	5.9	5.8
30 to 34 years	8,865	4,625	4,245	6.0	6.2	5.8
35 to 39 years	8,950	4,675	4,280	6.1	6.3	5.9
40 to 44 years	8,860	4,510	4,350	6.0	6.1	6.0
45 to 49 years	8,290	4,270	4,015	5.6	5.7	5.5
50 to 54 years	8,705	4,360	4,350	5.9	5.9	6.0
55 to 59 years	11,595	5,960	5,630	7.9	8.0	7.8
60 to 64 years	12,280	6,250	6,030	8.3	8.4	8.3
65 years and over	30,715	14,810	15,905	20.9	19.9	21.9
65 to 69 years	10,450	5,330	5,120	7.1	7.2	7.1
70 to 74 years	8,055	4,060	4,000	5.5	5.5	5.5
75 to 79 years	5,580	2,705	2,870	3.8	3.6	4.0
80 to 84 years	3,375	1,540	1,835	2.3	2.1	2.5
85 years and over	3,255	1,180	2,075	2.2	1.6	2.9
85 to 89 years	2,080	825	1,255	1.4	1.1	1.7
90 to 94 years	935	295	640	0.6	0.4	0.9
95 to 99 years	215	55	160	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.2	17.3	17.2	17.2	17.3	17.2
15 to 64 years	61.9	62.8	60.9	61.9	62.8	60.9
65 years and over	20.9	19.9	21.9	20.9	19.9	21.9
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.9	2.2	1.6	2.9
Average age of the population	42.8	42.3	43.4	42.8	42.3	43.4
Median age of the population	44.0	43.2	44.4	44.0	43.2	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	66,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	40,875	...	...	61.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,820	...	...	4.2	...	...
Row house	1,135	...	...	1.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5,365	...	...	8.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	14,795	...	...	22.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	295	...	...	0.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	330	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	805	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	66,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	23,760	...	...	35.8	...	...
2 persons	24,320	...	...	36.6	...	...
3 persons	7,710	...	...	11.6	...	...
4 persons	6,725	...	...	10.1	...	...
5 or more persons	3,905	...	...	5.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	143,800	73,165	70,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	121,755	61,625	60,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	71,700	35,895	35,805	58.9	58.2	59.5
Married	34,165	17,165	16,995	28.1	27.9	28.3
Living common-law	37,535	18,735	18,805	30.8	30.4	31.3
Living common law - Never married	31,325	15,640	15,695	25.7	25.4	26.1
Living common law - Separated	415	210	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	4,985	2,565	2,420	4.1	4.2	4.0
Living common law - Widowed	815	325	490	0.7	0.5	0.8
Not married and not living common-law	50,050	25,730	24,325	41.1	41.8	40.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	34,210	19,790	14,420	28.1	32.1	24.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,650	805	845	1.4	1.3	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,150	3,355	3,795	5.9	5.4	6.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,040	1,780	5,255	5.8	2.9	8.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	41,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	24,045	...	...	58.2	...	...
3 persons	7,380	...	...	17.9	...	...
4 persons	6,490	...	...	15.7	...	...
5 or more persons	3,365	...	...	8.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	41,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	35,205	...	...	85.3	...	...
Married couples	16,445	...	...	39.8	...	...
With children⁶	5,145	...	...	12.5	...	...
Without children	11,305	...	...	27.4	...	...
Common-law couples	18,760	...	...	45.4	...	...
With children⁶	9,540	...	...	23.1	...	...
Without children	9,220	...	...	22.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,080	...	...	14.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,055	...	...	9.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	2,030	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	143,800	73,165	70,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	114,255	57,170	57,090	79.5	78.1	80.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	70,410	35,160	35,255	49.0	48.1	49.9
Parents in one-parent families	6,080	2,030	4,050	4.2	2.8	5.7
Children⁶	37,765	19,980	17,780	26.3	27.3	25.2
In a two-parent family	28,145	14,795	13,350	19.6	20.2	18.9
In a one-parent family	9,615	5,185	4,430	6.7	7.1	6.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	29,550	16,000	13,550	20.5	21.9	19.2
Living alone	23,760	12,745	11,020	16.5	17.4	15.6
Living with other relatives⁷	2,510	1,255	1,260	1.7	1.7	1.8
Living with non-relatives only	3,280	2,005	1,275	2.3	2.7	1.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	66,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	39,130	...	...	58.9	...	...
Couple-family households	33,770	...	...	50.8	...	...
With children⁶	14,065	...	...	21.2	...	...
Without children	19,710	...	...	29.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,360	...	...	8.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	540	...	...	0.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	125	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,115	...	...	1.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,750	...	...	2.6	...	...
One-person households	23,760	...	...	35.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	118,485	60,305	58,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	116,500	59,410	57,085	98.3	98.5	98.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	50,800	35,600	42,400	50,800	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	116,515	59,420	57,090	98.3	98.5	98.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	43,600	32,000	37,200	43,600	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	103,780	54,200	49,580	87.6	89.9	85.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	45,600	27,200	35,200	45,600	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,310	45,275	39,035	71.2	75.1	67.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	50,800	30,800	39,600	50,800	30,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	94,575	45,355	49,220	79.8	75.2	84.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,600	10,900	12,000	11,600	10,900	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,335	8,320	7,010	12.9	13.8	12.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,560	5,640	5,600	5,560	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,075	17,765	14,305	27.1	29.5	24.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,520	6,500	6,000	5,520	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	118,490	60,315	58,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	116,540	59,470	57,070	98.4	98.6	98.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,900	61,850	41,480	51,900	61,850	41,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	116,550	59,475	57,070	98.4	98.6	98.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,480	48,960	35,680	42,480	48,960	35,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	103,830	54,370	49,460	87.6	90.1	85.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,600	57,200	34,960	46,600	57,200	34,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,300	45,260	39,035	71.1	75.0	67.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,400	59,600	37,560	49,400	59,600	37,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	94,370	45,355	49,015	79.6	75.2	84.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,800	12,560	13,020	12,800	12,560	13,020
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,075	8,265	6,805	12.7	13.7	11.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,230	6,560	8,050	7,230	6,560	8,050
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,315	17,425	13,890	26.4	28.9	23.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,100	6,600	7,730	7,100	6,600	7,730
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	118,490	60,315	58,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	39,685	22,075	17,615	33.5	36.6	30.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	69,500	49,600	59,600	69,500	49,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,100	79,500	56,050	69,100	79,500	56,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	35,040	18,065	16,970	29.6	30.0	29.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	33,200	18,000	23,400	33,200	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,120	46,920	24,660	36,120	46,920	24,660
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.0	84.6	73.0	80.0	84.6	73.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.8	73.4	61.9	68.8	73.4	61.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.0	15.5	27.0	20.0	15.5	27.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.5	2.3	1.8	1.5	2.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.4	3.6	5.6	4.4	3.6	5.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	3.1	4.5	3.7	3.1	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	118,490	60,305	58,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,990	895	1,095	1.7	1.5	1.9
With total income	116,495	59,415	57,090	98.3	98.5	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,670	3,015	4,650	6.6	5.1	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	14,265	5,400	8,855	12.2	9.1	15.5
$20,000 to $29,999	18,750	8,280	10,465	16.1	13.9	18.3
$30,000 to $39,999	14,395	6,030	8,370	12.4	10.1	14.7
$40,000 to $49,999	14,050	6,375	7,675	12.1	10.7	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	11,550	6,015	5,530	9.9	10.1	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	8,885	5,230	3,660	7.6	8.8	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	6,405	4,150	2,255	5.5	7.0	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	5,055	3,095	1,965	4.3	5.2	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,700	2,445	1,255	3.2	4.1	2.2
$100,000 and over	11,775	9,370	2,400	10.1	15.8	4.2
$100,000 to $149,999	8,890	7,015	1,875	7.6	11.8	3.3
$150,000 and over	2,885	2,355	530	2.5	4.0	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	118,490	60,305	58,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,975	885	1,090	1.7	1.5	1.9
With after-tax income	116,510	59,420	57,095	98.3	98.5	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,035	3,155	4,885	6.9	5.3	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	14,965	5,740	9,225	12.8	9.7	16.2
$20,000 to $29,999	21,670	9,455	12,210	18.6	15.9	21.4
$30,000 to $39,999	18,545	8,220	10,325	15.9	13.8	18.1
$40,000 to $49,999	16,910	8,770	8,140	14.5	14.8	14.3
$50,000 to $59,999	12,305	7,395	4,910	10.6	12.4	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	8,020	4,935	3,080	6.9	8.3	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	5,770	3,725	2,045	4.9	6.3	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	3,820	2,825	990	3.3	4.8	1.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,475	1,970	500	2.1	3.3	0.9
$100,000 and over	4,000	3,225	775	3.4	5.4	1.4
$100,000 to $124,999	2,515	2,080	435	2.2	3.5	0.8
$125,000 and over	1,485	1,145	340	1.3	1.9	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	118,490	60,305	58,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	34,175	15,030	19,150	28.8	24.9	32.9
With employment income	84,310	45,275	39,035	71.2	75.1	67.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,445	4,700	4,750	11.2	10.4	12.2
$5,000 to $9,999	6,175	2,490	3,680	7.3	5.5	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	9,910	4,045	5,865	11.8	8.9	15.0
$20,000 to $29,999	8,355	3,535	4,820	9.9	7.8	12.3
$30,000 to $39,999	8,525	3,715	4,805	10.1	8.2	12.3
$40,000 to $49,999	8,195	3,845	4,350	9.7	8.5	11.1
$50,000 to $59,999	7,060	4,035	3,020	8.4	8.9	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	5,860	3,730	2,135	7.0	8.2	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	4,360	2,875	1,480	5.2	6.4	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,950	2,370	1,580	4.7	5.2	4.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,825	1,990	835	3.4	4.4	2.1
$100,000 and over	9,640	7,935	1,705	11.4	17.5	4.4
$100,000 to $124,999	4,765	3,795	970	5.6	8.4	2.5
$125,000 and over	4,875	4,140	740	5.8	9.1	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	118,485	60,305	58,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	115,120	58,735	56,390	97.2	97.4	96.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	50,000	32,000	40,000	50,000	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	115,170	58,740	56,435	97.2	97.4	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	42,400	29,200	35,200	42,400	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	102,675	53,755	48,920	86.7	89.1	84.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	47,200	28,000	36,000	47,200	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,540	45,855	39,685	72.2	76.0	68.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	51,600	30,400	39,600	51,600	30,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,920	39,410	45,515	71.7	65.4	78.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,200	8,900	9,500	9,200	8,900	9,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	15,840	8,760	7,080	13.4	14.5	12.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,280	5,240	5,280	5,280	5,240	5,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	118,490	60,315	58,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	115,095	58,755	56,340	97.1	97.4	96.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,160	61,300	38,560	50,160	61,300	38,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	115,150	58,765	56,385	97.2	97.4	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,760	48,120	33,080	40,760	48,120	33,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	102,750	53,905	48,845	86.7	89.4	84.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,440	59,000	34,640	47,440	59,000	34,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,610	45,935	39,675	72.3	76.2	68.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,360	60,550	36,440	49,360	60,550	36,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,865	39,415	45,455	71.6	65.3	78.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,590	10,630	10,550	10,590	10,630	10,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,545	8,670	6,875	13.1	14.4	11.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,120	6,630	7,740	7,120	6,630	7,740
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	118,490	60,315	58,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	39,610	22,035	17,575	33.4	36.5	30.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	68,000	46,000	56,800	68,000	46,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,400	78,100	51,600	66,400	78,100	51,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	33,460	17,315	16,150	28.2	28.7	27.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,000	40,000	21,000	28,000	40,000	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	40,800	53,150	27,600	40,800	53,150	27,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.4	88.4	78.0	84.4	88.4	78.0
Employment income (%)	73.2	77.2	66.6	73.2	77.2	66.6
Government transfers (%)	15.6	11.6	22.1	15.6	11.6	22.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.6	2.5	1.9	1.6	2.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	66,420	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	23,760	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	42,660	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	66,410	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,100	...	...	91,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	23,760	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,640	...	...	48,640	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,360	...	...	40,360	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	42,655	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,700	...	...	114,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,600	...	...	93,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	66,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	435	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	305	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	915	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,555	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,390	...	...	6.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,640	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,405	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,320	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,150	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,810	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,305	...	...	8.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,720	...	...	7.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,320	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,730	...	...	5.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,445	...	...	5.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	22,980	...	...	34.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,060	...	...	10.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,335	...	...	8.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,330	...	...	9.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,255	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	66,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	490	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	325	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	940	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,645	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,675	...	...	7.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,150	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,135	...	...	4.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,965	...	...	6.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,735	...	...	5.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,370	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,195	...	...	9.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,420	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,870	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,315	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,740	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,460	...	...	24.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,100	...	...	10.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,545	...	...	6.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,820	...	...	7.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	41,430	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	19,835	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,775	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...	143,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,870	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	27,040	14,745	12,295	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	43,600	32,400	38,000	43,600	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	38,000	29,800	34,000	38,000	29,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	41,360	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,900	...	...	114,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,700	...	...	93,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	19,825	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,800	...	...	98,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,900	...	...	80,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,845	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	153,200	...	...	153,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,900	...	...	122,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,780	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,800	...	...	73,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,500	...	...	63,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	27,120	14,830	12,295	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,680	53,850	40,240	47,680	53,850	40,240
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,640	43,560	34,920	39,640	43,560	34,920
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	143,805	73,165	70,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	29,985	15,265	14,725	20.9	20.9	20.8
0 to 5 years	9,540	4,880	4,660	6.6	6.7	6.6
18 to 64 years	85,735	43,970	41,770	59.6	60.1	59.1
65 years and over	28,080	13,935	14,145	19.5	19.0	20.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	17,430	8,120	9,315	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,830	1,450	1,375	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	970	470	500	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,680	3,685	3,990	...	...	...
65 years and over	6,930	2,980	3,945	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.1	11.1	13.2	12.1	11.1	13.2
0 to 17 years (%)	9.4	9.5	9.4	9.4	9.5	9.4
0 to 5 years (%)	10.2	9.6	10.8	10.2	9.6	10.8
18 to 64 years (%)	9.0	8.4	9.6	9.0	8.4	9.6
65 years and over (%)	24.7	21.4	27.9	24.7	21.4	27.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	140,710	71,675	69,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	28,905	14,760	14,145	20.5	20.6	20.5
0 to 5 years	9,220	4,730	4,485	6.6	6.6	6.5
18 to 64 years	83,960	43,100	40,865	59.7	60.1	59.2
65 years and over	27,845	13,815	14,025	19.8	19.3	20.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,550	1,865	1,690	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	520	260	255	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	145	80	70	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,720	1,450	1,270	...	...	...
65 years and over	320	155	165	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.5	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.6	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8
0 to 5 years (%)	1.6	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.7	1.5
18 to 64 years (%)	3.2	3.4	3.1	3.2	3.4	3.1
65 years and over (%)	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	143,805	73,170	70,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	77,090	37,970	39,125	53.6	51.9	55.4
In bottom decile	13,980	6,580	7,400	9.7	9.0	10.5
In second decile	16,230	7,705	8,525	11.3	10.5	12.1
In third decile	15,000	7,350	7,650	10.4	10.0	10.8
In fourth decile	15,760	7,960	7,800	11.0	10.9	11.0
In fifth decile	16,120	8,375	7,745	11.2	11.4	11.0
In top half of the distribution	66,715	35,200	31,515	46.4	48.1	44.6
In sixth decile	15,905	8,410	7,495	11.1	11.5	10.6
In seventh decile	15,020	7,810	7,210	10.4	10.7	10.2
In eighth decile	14,530	7,600	6,935	10.1	10.4	9.8
In ninth decile	12,530	6,705	5,825	8.7	9.2	8.2
In top decile	8,720	4,670	4,050	6.1	6.4	5.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	143,800	...	...	143,800	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.311	...	...	0.311	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.436	...	...	0.436	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.267	...	...	0.267	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	145,705	73,835	71,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	2,330	1,180	1,145	1.6	1.6	1.6
French only	98,750	47,470	51,280	67.8	64.3	71.3
English and French	44,490	25,100	19,400	30.5	34.0	27.0
Neither English nor French	140	90	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	145,705	73,835	71,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	5,430	2,715	2,720	3.7	3.7	3.8
French	139,490	70,705	68,785	95.7	95.8	95.7
English and French	665	340	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
Neither English nor French	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	145,705	73,835	71,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	143,760	72,765	70,995	98.7	98.6	98.8
Official languages	141,150	71,390	69,765	96.9	96.7	97.1
English	4,640	2,240	2,395	3.2	3.0	3.3
French	136,515	69,150	67,365	93.7	93.7	93.7
Non-official languages	2,610	1,375	1,235	1.8	1.9	1.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	825	390	440	0.6	0.5	0.6
Algonquian languages	820	385	435	0.6	0.5	0.6
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	210	90	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Atikamekw	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	180	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	610	295	315	0.4	0.4	0.4
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	595	285	310	0.4	0.4	0.4
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,785	990	795	1.2	1.3	1.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	490	280	210	0.3	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	445	255	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	450	255	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	155	110	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	125	95	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	745	400	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	490	255	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	365	180	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	190	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,945	1,070	875	1.3	1.4	1.2
English and French	1,320	735	590	0.9	1.0	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	115	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	420	220	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	145,705	73,835	71,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,670	1,860	1,810	2.5	2.5	2.5
French	134,030	67,725	66,300	92.0	91.7	92.2
Non-official language	455	265	185	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	350	220	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and French	5,055	2,700	2,350	3.5	3.7	3.3
English and non-official language(s)	340	205	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	1,510	765	750	1.0	1.0	1.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	625	295	325	0.4	0.4	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	145,705	73,835	71,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	143,920	72,945	70,975	98.8	98.8	98.7
Official languages	142,975	72,400	70,575	98.1	98.1	98.2
English	4,660	2,350	2,305	3.2	3.2	3.2
French	138,315	70,045	68,270	94.9	94.9	95.0
Non-official languages	940	540	400	0.6	0.7	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	230	110	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	230	110	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	715	430	280	0.5	0.6	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	180	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	175	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	175	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	85	75	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	70	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	300	165	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	255	145	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	220	130	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	25	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,785	890	895	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and French	1,180	600	580	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	420	200	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	145,705	73,835	71,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	139,760	70,665	69,095	95.9	95.7	96.1
English	3,360	1,855	1,500	2.3	2.5	2.1
French	1,075	540	535	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-official language	1,050	540	510	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	455	215	240	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-Indigenous	590	320	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	260	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	85	35	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	143,770	73,150	70,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	143,620	73,065	70,560	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	46,510	26,145	20,365	32.4	35.7	28.8
French	141,350	71,940	69,415	98.3	98.3	98.3
Non-official languages	6,090	3,140	2,950	4.2	4.3	4.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,655	740	915	1.2	1.0	1.3
Algonquian languages	1,640	735	905	1.1	1.0	1.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	500	205	290	0.3	0.3	0.4
Atikamekw	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree languages	380	155	220	0.3	0.2	0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	270	120	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,265	585	680	0.9	0.8	1.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	1,225	565	660	0.9	0.8	0.9
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,465	2,405	2,060	3.1	3.3	2.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	800	445	355	0.6	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	80	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	755	415	345	0.5	0.6	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	755	415	345	0.5	0.6	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	195	130	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	170	110	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	170	100	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,725	1,435	1,295	1.9	2.0	1.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	150	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	145	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	225	135	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	195	120	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
German	195	120	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,380	1,230	1,145	1.7	1.7	1.6
Catalan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	190	130	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,200	1,115	1,085	1.5	1.5	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	400	240	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	125	95	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	110	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	143,770	73,150	70,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	9,160	4,530	4,630	6.4	6.2	6.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	8,820	4,375	4,445	6.1	6.0	6.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	6,305	3,010	3,295	4.4	4.1	4.7
Métis	2,485	1,345	1,140	1.7	1.8	1.6
Inuk (Inuit)	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	100	35	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	245	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	134,610	68,620	65,990	93.6	93.8	93.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	143,770	73,150	70,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	5,885	2,830	3,055	4.1	3.9	4.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	137,885	70,320	67,565	95.9	96.1	95.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	66,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	44,305	...	...	66.7	...	...
Renter	21,405	...	...	32.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	700	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	66,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,715	...	...	7.1	...	...
Not condominium	61,695	...	...	92.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	66,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	265	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	8,340	...	...	12.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	18,740	...	...	28.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	22,480	...	...	33.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	16,590	...	...	25.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	66,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	19,100	...	...	28.8	...	...
5 rooms	11,720	...	...	17.6	...	...
6 rooms	8,615	...	...	13.0	...	...
7 rooms	7,865	...	...	11.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	19,105	...	...	28.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	66,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	66,130	...	...	99.6	...	...
More than one person per room	280	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	66,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	65,215	...	...	98.2	...	...
Not suitable	1,195	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	66,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	19,050	...	...	28.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	21,215	...	...	31.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	10,560	...	...	15.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,475	...	...	9.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,535	...	...	2.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,235	...	...	3.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,130	...	...	4.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,215	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	66,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	61,295	...	...	92.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	5,115	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	66,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	38,650	...	...	58.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	26,835	...	...	40.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	925	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	66,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,755	...	...	4.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	9,340	...	...	14.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	10,675	...	...	16.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,130	...	...	15.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	14,575	...	...	21.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	11,645	...	...	17.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,810	...	...	8.7	...	...
85 years and over	1,480	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	64,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	58,205	...	...	89.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,750	...	...	10.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,255	...	...	9.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	66,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,250	...	...	18.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,175	...	...	9.3	...	...
Not suitable only	900	...	...	1.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	4,360	...	...	6.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	55	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	510	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	230	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	54,160	...	...	81.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	64,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,440	...	...	3.8	...	...
Not in core need	62,020	...	...	96.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	43,745	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.1	...	...	58.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	870	...	...	870	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	975	...	...	975	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	230,000	...	...	230,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	243,600	...	...	243,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,320	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.8	...	...	9.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.0	...	...	20.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.7	...	...	7.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	670	...	...	670	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	709	...	...	709	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	700	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	10.9	...	...	10.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	464	...	...	464	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	466	...	...	466	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	143,765	73,150	70,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	8,295	4,125	4,170	5.8	5.6	5.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	8,215	4,100	4,120	5.7	5.6	5.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	7,380	3,655	3,720	5.1	5.0	5.3
Métis single ancestry	825	430	390	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,750	2,770	2,975	4.0	3.8	4.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,660	2,735	2,925	3.9	3.7	4.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,900	2,365	2,540	3.4	3.2	3.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	740	360	380	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	129,720	66,250	63,470	90.2	90.6	89.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	143,770	73,150	70,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	141,875	72,040	69,835	98.7	98.5	98.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	29,730	15,175	14,555	20.7	20.7	20.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	112,145	56,865	55,280	78.0	77.7	78.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,895	1,110	790	1.3	1.5	1.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	143,770	73,150	70,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	140,375	71,240	69,140	97.6	97.4	97.9
Immigrants⁸¹	2,345	1,215	1,130	1.6	1.7	1.6
Before 1980	365	200	175	0.3	0.3	0.2
1980 to 1990	160	95	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
1991 to 2000	205	100	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
2001 to 2010	490	260	230	0.3	0.4	0.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,135	575	560	0.8	0.8	0.8
2011 to 2015	490	255	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
2016 to 2021	645	315	325	0.4	0.4	0.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,045	695	350	0.7	1.0	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,350	1,215	1,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	265	150	115	11.3	12.3	10.2
5 to 14 years	350	125	225	14.9	10.3	19.9
15 to 24 years	315	170	145	13.4	14.0	12.8
25 to 44 years	1,295	715	580	55.1	58.8	51.3
45 years and over	125	55	65	5.3	4.5	5.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,350	1,215	1,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	440	175	260	18.7	14.4	23.0
Brazil	20	0	10	0.9	0.0	0.9
Colombia	50	15	35	2.1	1.2	3.1
El Salvador	20	0	15	0.9	0.0	1.3
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	110	60	50	4.7	4.9	4.4
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	45	10	40	1.9	0.8	3.5
Peru	20	0	20	0.9	0.0	1.8
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	60	30	30	2.6	2.5	2.7
Other places of birth in Americas	105	45	65	4.5	3.7	5.8
Europe	705	430	275	30.0	35.4	24.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	370	240	135	15.7	19.8	11.9
Germany	70	40	30	3.0	3.3	2.7
Greece	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	35	25	10	1.5	2.1	0.9
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	20	25	1.7	1.6	2.2
Other places of birth in Europe	120	60	55	5.1	4.9	4.9
Africa	930	495	430	39.6	40.7	38.1
Algeria	125	60	65	5.3	4.9	5.8
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	65	40	30	2.8	3.3	2.7
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	155	105	50	6.6	8.6	4.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	580	295	285	24.7	24.3	25.2
Asia	265	115	150	11.3	9.5	13.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	50	25	25	2.1	2.1	2.2
Syria⁸⁹	30	15	15	1.3	1.2	1.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	0	10	0.9	0.0	0.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	55	10	45	2.3	0.8	4.0
Viet Nam	20	0	10	0.9	0.0	0.9
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	70	40	35	3.0	3.3	3.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.9
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	640	320	325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	65	30	35	10.2	9.4	10.8
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	10	10	2.3	3.1	3.1
Haiti	15	15	0	2.3	4.7	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	10	15	4.7	3.1	4.6
Europe	125	80	45	19.5	25.0	13.8
France	105	75	35	16.4	23.4	10.8
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0	1.6	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	385	180	205	60.2	56.3	63.1
Algeria	20	10	10	3.1	3.1	3.1
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	100	40	60	15.6	12.5	18.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	15	10	3.9	4.7	3.1
Côte d'Ivoire	70	30	45	10.9	9.4	13.8
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	40	25	15	6.3	7.8	4.6
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	25	10	15	3.9	3.1	4.6
Other places of birth in Africa	110	55	50	17.2	17.2	15.4
Asia	70	30	40	10.9	9.4	12.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	15	3.1	0.0	4.6
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	20	4.7	6.3	6.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	1.6	0.0	3.1
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	143,770	73,150	70,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,730	2,050	1,680	2.6	2.8	2.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,225	1,705	1,515	2.2	2.3	2.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	136,810	69,390	67,420	95.2	94.9	95.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,980	1,020	960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,130	650	475	57.1	63.7	49.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	625	480	145	31.6	47.1	15.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	505	175	330	25.5	17.2	34.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	705	290	415	35.6	28.4	43.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	135	65	65	6.8	6.4	6.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,980	1,020	960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	45	20	25	2.3	2.0	2.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	255	155	105	12.9	15.2	10.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	65	35	30	3.3	3.4	3.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	200	145	60	10.1	14.2	6.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	10	10	1.0	1.0	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,395	665	730	70.5	65.2	76.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	143,770	73,150	70,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,130	1,665	1,465	2.2	2.3	2.1
South Asian	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese	170	45	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
Black	1,375	785	590	1.0	1.1	0.8
Filipino	205	135	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Arab	655	365	295	0.5	0.5	0.4
Latin American	365	150	220	0.3	0.2	0.3
Southeast Asian	200	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
West Asian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	140,640	71,485	69,160	97.8	97.7	97.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	143,770	73,150	70,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	57,915	29,290	28,625	40.3	40.0	40.5
English	1,615	800	815	1.1	1.1	1.2
Irish	5,270	2,545	2,725	3.7	3.5	3.9
Scottish	1,850	950	900	1.3	1.3	1.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	30,330	15,800	14,530	21.1	21.6	20.6
German	1,275	635	640	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese	180	55	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italian	1,090	590	500	0.8	0.8	0.7
Indian (India)	155	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	260	190	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
Dutch	220	140	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Polish	745	430	320	0.5	0.6	0.5
Québécois	21,965	11,025	10,935	15.3	15.1	15.5
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	295	175	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Filipino	200	125	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
French Canadian	13,010	6,495	6,515	9.0	8.9	9.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	4,225	2,200	2,030	2.9	3.0	2.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,615	2,190	2,425	3.2	3.0	3.4
Métis	1,695	840	850	1.2	1.1	1.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,225	1,195	1,030	1.5	1.6	1.5
Russian	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	60	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	125	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
American	870	365	505	0.6	0.5	0.7
Spanish	410	225	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swedish	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Acadian	830	355	480	0.6	0.5	0.7
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	320	165	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	175	100	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	770	360	415	0.5	0.5	0.6
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	2,110	1,080	1,030	1.5	1.5	1.5
Danish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,400	720	685	1.0	1.0	1.0
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	380	180	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Haitian	190	110	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	145	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	555	280	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	335	180	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	70	45	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Newfoundlander	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	260	100	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
Persian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	195	105	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	3,610	1,785	1,820	2.5	2.4	2.6
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	110	75	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nova Scotian	40	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	60	45	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	165	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	345	150	195	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	155	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	215	110	105	0.1	0.2	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	245	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	330	190	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	300	165	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	145	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	810	390	425	0.6	0.5	0.6
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	90	65	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	145	90	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamileke	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	143,770	73,150	70,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Christian	103,380	51,825	51,550	71.9	70.8	73.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,815	2,990	2,825	4.0	4.1	4.0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	235	100	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baptist	300	135	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	95,210	47,650	47,570	66.2	65.1	67.4
Christian Orthodox	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jehovah's Witness	405	195	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	520	265	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Presbyterian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	705	375	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	995	560	435	0.7	0.8	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	515	230	280	0.4	0.3	0.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	195	105	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
No religion and secular perspectives	38,610	20,390	18,220	26.9	27.9	25.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	142,245	72,330	69,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	128,355	65,670	62,685	90.2	90.8	89.7
Movers	13,890	6,660	7,225	9.8	9.2	10.3
Non-migrants	8,625	4,070	4,550	6.1	5.6	6.5
Migrants	5,265	2,595	2,670	3.7	3.6	3.8
Internal migrants	5,000	2,455	2,545	3.5	3.4	3.6
Intraprovincial migrants	4,615	2,250	2,360	3.2	3.1	3.4
Interprovincial migrants	380	195	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	270	140	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	136,015	69,090	66,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	88,995	45,715	43,285	65.4	66.2	64.7
Movers	47,025	23,380	23,650	34.6	33.8	35.3
Non-migrants	24,645	12,240	12,410	18.1	17.7	18.5
Migrants	22,375	11,140	11,235	16.5	16.1	16.8
Internal migrants	21,100	10,395	10,700	15.5	15.0	16.0
Intraprovincial migrants	20,050	9,870	10,180	14.7	14.3	15.2
Interprovincial migrants	1,050	530	520	0.8	0.8	0.8
External migrants	1,275	745	535	0.9	1.1	0.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	118,490	60,315	58,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	35,975	20,895	15,075	30.4	34.6	25.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	82,520	39,420	43,095	69.6	65.4	74.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	75,670	38,525	37,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,580	10,680	6,900	23.2	27.7	18.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	58,090	27,845	30,240	76.8	72.3	81.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	118,485	60,315	58,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	31,090	17,145	13,940	26.2	28.4	24.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	24,135	11,185	12,950	20.4	18.5	22.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	63,265	31,985	31,280	53.4	53.0	53.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	48,215	26,140	22,075	40.7	43.3	37.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	27,330	17,430	9,900	23.1	28.9	17.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20,680	12,170	8,510	17.5	20.2	14.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,645	5,255	1,390	5.6	8.7	2.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,405	7,545	9,855	14.7	12.5	16.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,485	1,160	2,320	2.9	1.9	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,045	5,845	9,195	12.7	9.7	15.8
Bachelor's degree	10,895	3,940	6,955	9.2	6.5	12.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,225	450	775	1.0	0.7	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	475	200	265	0.4	0.3	0.5
Master's degree	2,040	1,015	1,025	1.7	1.7	1.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	410	240	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	75,670	38,530	37,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,205	8,145	6,060	18.8	21.1	16.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,085	6,205	6,880	17.3	16.1	18.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	48,380	24,175	24,205	63.9	62.7	65.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	36,110	19,655	16,450	47.7	51.0	44.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	21,160	13,300	7,855	28.0	34.5	21.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	16,245	9,450	6,795	21.5	24.5	18.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,920	3,850	1,065	6.5	10.0	2.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,620	5,600	7,020	16.7	14.5	18.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,330	755	1,575	3.1	2.0	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,270	4,520	7,750	16.2	11.7	20.9
Bachelor's degree	8,760	2,990	5,770	11.6	7.8	15.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	980	340	640	1.3	0.9	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	400	155	240	0.5	0.4	0.6
Master's degree	1,790	850	945	2.4	2.2	2.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	345	185	160	0.5	0.5	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	118,490	60,315	58,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	55,225	28,330	26,900	46.6	47.0	46.2
Education	5,290	1,075	4,225	4.5	1.8	7.3
13. Education	5,290	1,075	4,225	4.5	1.8	7.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,195	495	700	1.0	0.8	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	150	95	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,045	395	650	0.9	0.7	1.1
Humanities	2,045	815	1,225	1.7	1.4	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	115	25	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,465	565	900	1.2	0.9	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	110	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,510	700	2,815	3.0	1.2	4.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	360	100	260	0.3	0.2	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,125	30	1,090	0.9	0.0	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	500	130	370	0.4	0.2	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	125	20	105	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	830	135	695	0.7	0.2	1.2
45. Social sciences	515	255	265	0.4	0.4	0.5
Business, management and public administration	13,055	3,330	9,730	11.0	5.5	16.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,405	215	1,190	1.2	0.4	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,655	3,110	8,540	9.8	5.2	14.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,540	995	545	1.3	1.6	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	290	185	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	130	95	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	360	155	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
40. Physical sciences	670	515	150	0.6	0.9	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	780	520	260	0.7	0.9	0.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	600	465	140	0.5	0.8	0.2
25. Library science	115	15	100	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	19,220	17,715	1,510	16.2	29.4	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	185	85	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
14. Engineering	1,525	1,305	220	1.3	2.2	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	5,510	4,815	695	4.7	8.0	1.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,925	3,775	150	3.3	6.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,195	4,950	250	4.4	8.2	0.4
48. Precision production	2,875	2,785	95	2.4	4.6	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,915	2,010	905	2.5	3.3	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	950	515	440	0.8	0.9	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,965	1,495	465	1.7	2.5	0.8
Health and related fields	7,490	1,180	6,315	6.3	2.0	10.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	300	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,910	915	6,000	5.8	1.5	10.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	260	110	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,185	3,155	3,030	5.2	5.2	5.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,935	520	2,415	2.5	0.9	4.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,120	740	380	0.9	1.2	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,095	1,875	215	1.8	3.1	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	75,670	38,525	37,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	27,285	14,350	12,940	36.1	37.2	34.8
Education	3,510	630	2,875	4.6	1.6	7.7
13. Education	3,510	630	2,875	4.6	1.6	7.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	940	385	555	1.2	1.0	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	115	75	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	825	315	515	1.1	0.8	1.4
Humanities	1,280	520	765	1.7	1.3	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	85	20	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	880	345	530	1.2	0.9	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	50	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	75	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,790	510	2,280	3.7	1.3	6.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	280	75	205	0.4	0.2	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	900	25	880	1.2	0.1	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	365	85	280	0.5	0.2	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	20	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	710	95	610	0.9	0.2	1.6
45. Social sciences	390	190	205	0.5	0.5	0.6
Business, management and public administration	10,240	2,335	7,905	13.5	6.1	21.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,190	180	1,010	1.6	0.5	2.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,055	2,160	6,900	12.0	5.6	18.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,040	715	325	1.4	1.9	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	245	145	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	95	75	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	575	435	135	0.8	1.1	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	615	430	185	0.8	1.1	0.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	510	410	100	0.7	1.1	0.3
25. Library science	80	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15,210	13,925	1,290	20.1	36.1	3.5
04. Architecture and related services	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	1,340	1,125	215	1.8	2.9	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,425	3,855	580	5.8	10.0	1.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,010	2,895	115	4.0	7.5	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,110	3,905	205	5.4	10.1	0.6
48. Precision production	2,160	2,070	90	2.9	5.4	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,315	1,510	805	3.1	3.9	2.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	770	400	375	1.0	1.0	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,540	1,115	425	2.0	2.9	1.1
Health and related fields	5,655	850	4,815	7.5	2.2	13.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	215	105	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,210	650	4,560	6.9	1.7	12.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	220	95	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,755	2,365	2,395	6.3	6.1	6.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,340	370	1,965	3.1	1.0	5.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	850	580	270	1.1	1.5	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,545	1,395	150	2.0	3.6	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	75,670	38,525	37,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,285	14,350	12,940	36.1	37.2	34.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	48,380	24,175	24,205	63.9	62.8	65.2
Location of study inside Canada	47,170	23,420	23,750	62.3	60.8	63.9
Same as province or territory of residence	45,280	22,560	22,720	59.8	58.6	61.2
Different than province or territory of residence	1,890	860	1,030	2.5	2.2	2.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,210	755	455	1.6	2.0	1.2
Americas	165	100	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
United States of America	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	380	225	155	0.5	0.6	0.4
Belgium	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	275	170	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Germany	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	465	290	175	0.6	0.8	0.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	105	70	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tunisia	95	60	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	195	125	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Asia	195	135	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	35	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	105	80	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	118,485	60,315	58,170	...	...	...
In the labour force	74,770	39,920	34,850	...	...	...
Employed	70,620	37,405	33,215	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,155	2,515	1,640	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	43,715	20,395	23,320	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.1	66.2	59.9	63.1	66.2	59.9
Employment rate	59.6	62.0	57.1	59.6	62.0	57.1
Unemployment rate	5.6	6.3	4.7	5.6	6.3	4.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	118,490	60,315	58,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	41,935	19,200	22,735	35.4	31.8	39.1
Worked	76,550	41,110	35,440	64.6	68.2	60.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	40,420	22,450	17,970	34.1	37.2	30.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	36,130	18,665	17,465	30.5	30.9	30.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	41.6	41.3	41.5	41.6	41.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	74,775	39,920	34,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,075	570	505	1.4	1.4	1.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	73,695	39,350	34,345	98.6	98.6	98.5
Employee	66,995	35,575	31,420	89.6	89.1	90.1
Permanent position	56,420	30,525	25,895	75.5	76.5	74.3
Temporary position	10,575	5,050	5,530	14.1	12.7	15.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,365	1,355	2,010	4.5	3.4	5.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,210	3,695	3,515	9.6	9.3	10.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,700	3,775	2,925	9.0	9.5	8.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	74,775	39,920	34,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,075	570	505	1.4	1.4	1.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	73,695	39,350	34,345	98.6	98.6	98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,080	775	300	1.4	1.9	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,690	2,755	7,935	14.3	6.9	22.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,350	3,355	990	5.8	8.4	2.8
3 Health occupations	5,710	830	4,880	7.6	2.1	14.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,185	2,065	7,120	12.3	5.2	20.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,155	605	550	1.5	1.5	1.6
6 Sales and service occupations	16,885	6,695	10,190	22.6	16.8	29.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	16,285	14,915	1,370	21.8	37.4	3.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,410	4,950	465	7.2	12.4	1.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,945	2,405	545	3.9	6.0	1.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	74,775	39,920	34,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,075	570	505	1.4	1.4	1.4
All industries¹⁹¹	73,695	39,350	34,345	98.6	98.6	98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,365	1,765	605	3.2	4.4	1.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	8,595	7,540	1,060	11.5	18.9	3.0
22 Utilities	1,105	885	215	1.5	2.2	0.6
23 Construction	5,025	4,375	655	6.7	11.0	1.9
31-33 Manufacturing	5,835	4,555	1,275	7.8	11.4	3.7
41 Wholesale trade	2,090	1,565	530	2.8	3.9	1.5
44-45 Retail trade	8,575	3,700	4,875	11.5	9.3	14.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,290	2,415	875	4.4	6.0	2.5
51 Information and cultural industries	675	425	255	0.9	1.1	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	1,270	355	915	1.7	0.9	2.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	685	405	275	0.9	1.0	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,010	1,440	1,565	4.0	3.6	4.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,545	1,430	1,110	3.4	3.6	3.2
61 Educational services	5,555	1,310	4,250	7.4	3.3	12.2
62 Health care and social assistance	10,700	1,525	9,170	14.3	3.8	26.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	645	380	265	0.9	1.0	0.8
72 Accommodation and food services	3,930	1,470	2,460	5.3	3.7	7.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,370	1,730	1,640	4.5	4.3	4.7
91 Public administration	4,385	2,060	2,325	5.9	5.2	6.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	80,995	43,305	37,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,970	1,190	780	2.4	2.7	2.1
French	68,065	35,865	32,200	84.0	82.8	85.4
Non-official language	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	10,600	6,065	4,535	13.1	14.0	12.0
English and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	80,995	43,305	37,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	79,650	42,530	37,125	98.3	98.2	98.5
Official languages	79,575	42,470	37,110	98.2	98.1	98.5
English	3,235	1,985	1,245	4.0	4.6	3.3
French	76,345	40,480	35,855	94.3	93.5	95.1
Non-official languages	75	60	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	60	50	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,345	775	570	1.7	1.8	1.5
English and French	1,300	765	535	1.6	1.8	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	80,995	43,305	37,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	71,370	37,840	33,530	88.1	87.4	89.0
English	8,110	4,540	3,570	10.0	10.5	9.5
French	1,265	815	450	1.6	1.9	1.2
Non-official language	150	50	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	70,615	37,405	33,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,890	3,015	3,875	9.8	8.1	11.7
Worked outside Canada	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	8,560	6,620	1,940	12.1	17.7	5.8
Usual place of work	55,120	27,730	27,390	78.1	74.1	82.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	55,120	27,730	27,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	36,505	16,955	19,555	66.2	61.1	71.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,660	5,195	5,465	19.3	18.7	20.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,285	5,050	2,240	13.2	18.2	8.2
Commute to a different province or territory	660	530	125	1.2	1.9	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	63,670	34,345	29,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	55,360	29,765	25,595	86.9	86.7	87.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	52,055	28,225	23,830	81.8	82.2	81.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,305	1,540	1,765	5.2	4.5	6.0
Public transit	845	615	235	1.3	1.8	0.8
Walked	4,780	1,990	2,790	7.5	5.8	9.5
Bicycle	405	300	105	0.6	0.9	0.4
Other method	2,285	1,675	615	3.6	4.9	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	63,670	34,345	29,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	33,855	16,120	17,730	53.2	46.9	60.5
15 to 29 minutes	15,925	8,325	7,600	25.0	24.2	25.9
30 to 44 minutes	6,210	3,705	2,505	9.8	10.8	8.5
45 to 59 minutes	2,600	1,865	735	4.1	5.4	2.5
60 minutes and over	5,090	4,325	765	8.0	12.6	2.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	63,670	34,345	29,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	6,350	5,525	825	10.0	16.1	2.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,390	6,825	2,570	14.7	19.9	8.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	20,210	9,525	10,690	31.7	27.7	36.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	13,505	4,815	8,690	21.2	14.0	29.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,640	1,765	2,870	7.3	5.1	9.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,570	5,890	3,685	15.0	17.1	12.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	30,505	15,530	14,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,070	1,530	1,530	10.1	9.9	10.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	27,435	14,000	13,435	89.9	90.1	89.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	22,025	11,195	10,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,265	1,135	1,135	10.3	10.1	10.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,315	640	680	6.0	5.7	6.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	950	500	455	4.3	4.5	4.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,755	10,065	9,690	89.7	89.9	89.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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