Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Region 6, Region (REG)More information: Northwest Territories [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	20,805	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	20,090	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	8,374	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	7,730	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	0.1	...	...	0.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	182,201.50	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	20,805	10,405	10,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	4,185	2,115	2,065	20.1	20.3	19.9
0 to 4 years	1,380	705	675	6.6	6.8	6.5
5 to 9 years	1,445	730	715	6.9	7.0	6.9
10 to 14 years	1,355	685	670	6.5	6.6	6.4
15 to 64 years	14,965	7,460	7,505	71.9	71.7	72.2
15 to 19 years	1,210	595	620	5.8	5.7	6.0
20 to 24 years	1,335	715	620	6.4	6.9	6.0
25 to 29 years	1,650	845	800	7.9	8.1	7.7
30 to 34 years	1,885	910	975	9.1	8.7	9.4
35 to 39 years	1,760	850	910	8.5	8.2	8.8
40 to 44 years	1,690	795	895	8.1	7.6	8.6
45 to 49 years	1,440	715	725	6.9	6.9	7.0
50 to 54 years	1,365	690	675	6.6	6.6	6.5
55 to 59 years	1,445	720	730	6.9	6.9	7.0
60 to 64 years	1,190	625	560	5.7	6.0	5.4
65 years and over	1,660	830	830	8.0	8.0	8.0
65 to 69 years	755	390	370	3.6	3.7	3.6
70 to 74 years	450	250	205	2.2	2.4	2.0
75 to 79 years	245	110	130	1.2	1.1	1.3
80 to 84 years	100	40	55	0.5	0.4	0.5
85 years and over	105	35	70	0.5	0.3	0.7
85 to 89 years	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
90 to 94 years	70	20	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
95 to 99 years	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.1	20.3	19.9	20.1	20.3	19.9
15 to 64 years	71.9	71.7	72.2	71.9	71.7	72.2
65 years and over	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0
85 years and over	0.5	0.3	0.7	0.5	0.3	0.7
Average age of the population	35.8	35.6	35.9	35.8	35.6	35.9
Median age of the population	35.6	35.2	35.6	35.6	35.2	35.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	7,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	3,510	...	...	45.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	205	...	...	2.7	...	...
Row house	900	...	...	11.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	310	...	...	4.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,945	...	...	25.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	300	...	...	3.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	20	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	545	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	7,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	1,845	...	...	23.9	...	...
2 persons	2,400	...	...	31.0	...	...
3 persons	1,390	...	...	18.0	...	...
4 persons	1,335	...	...	17.3	...	...
5 or more persons	765	...	...	9.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	20,375	10,135	10,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	16,625	8,290	8,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	9,430	4,705	4,725	56.7	56.8	56.7
Married	6,720	3,375	3,345	40.4	40.7	40.1
Living common-law	2,710	1,330	1,375	16.3	16.0	16.5
Living common law - Never married	2,205	1,075	1,135	13.3	13.0	13.6
Living common law - Separated	75	40	35	0.5	0.5	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	400	205	195	2.4	2.5	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	7,190	3,585	3,610	43.2	43.2	43.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	5,565	2,975	2,595	33.5	35.9	31.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	375	165	210	2.3	2.0	2.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	820	340	480	4.9	4.1	5.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	425	105	325	2.6	1.3	3.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	2,575	...	...	46.1	...	...
3 persons	1,250	...	...	22.4	...	...
4 persons	1,230	...	...	22.0	...	...
5 or more persons	520	...	...	9.3	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	4,555	...	...	81.6	...	...
Married couples	3,200	...	...	57.3	...	...
With children⁶	1,985	...	...	35.5	...	...
Without children	1,215	...	...	21.8	...	...
Common-law couples	1,355	...	...	24.3	...	...
With children⁶	600	...	...	10.7	...	...
Without children	750	...	...	13.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,030	...	...	18.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	780	...	...	14.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	250	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	20,375	10,140	10,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	16,645	8,140	8,505	81.7	80.3	83.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	9,110	4,515	4,595	44.7	44.5	44.9
Parents in one-parent families	1,030	250	780	5.1	2.5	7.6
Children⁶	6,505	3,380	3,125	31.9	33.3	30.5
In a two-parent family	4,840	2,535	2,305	23.8	25.0	22.5
In a one-parent family	1,665	845	815	8.2	8.3	8.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,730	1,995	1,735	18.3	19.7	16.9
Living alone	1,845	930	915	9.1	9.2	8.9
Living with other relatives⁷	520	245	275	2.6	2.4	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	1,365	820	540	6.7	8.1	5.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	7,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,720	...	...	61.1	...	...
Couple-family households	3,960	...	...	51.2	...	...
With children⁶	2,305	...	...	29.8	...	...
Without children	1,655	...	...	21.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	760	...	...	9.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	215	...	...	2.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	55	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	390	...	...	5.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	505	...	...	6.5	...	...
One-person households	1,845	...	...	23.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	16,195	8,025	8,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,090	7,975	8,115	99.4	99.4	99.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	71,500	76,500	66,500	71,500	76,500	66,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,090	7,975	8,120	99.4	99.4	99.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,000	65,000	58,800	62,000	65,000	58,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,705	7,345	7,355	90.8	91.5	90.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	73,000	79,000	68,000	73,000	79,000	68,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,775	6,940	6,835	85.1	86.5	83.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	73,000	78,500	68,500	73,000	78,500	68,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,045	7,955	8,095	99.1	99.1	99.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	1,510	1,220	2,120	1,510	1,220	2,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,250	580	670	7.7	7.2	8.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,280	5,560	6,500	6,280	5,560	6,500
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,625	1,780	1,845	22.4	22.2	22.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	16,195	8,020	8,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,080	7,960	8,120	99.3	99.3	99.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	79,100	84,800	73,600	79,100	84,800	73,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,080	7,960	8,120	99.3	99.3	99.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	65,500	69,300	61,850	65,500	69,300	61,850
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,670	7,275	7,400	90.6	90.7	90.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	79,400	86,500	72,400	79,400	86,500	72,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,770	6,890	6,880	85.0	85.9	84.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	77,800	83,700	71,900	77,800	83,700	71,900
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,040	7,940	8,100	99.0	99.0	99.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,700	5,775	7,610	6,700	5,775	7,610
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,245	530	715	7.7	6.6	8.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,360	5,900	8,420	7,360	5,900	8,420
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,770	1,890	1,880	23.3	23.6	23.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,780	8,720	8,830	8,780	8,720	8,830
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	16,195	8,025	8,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,225	4,270	3,955	50.8	53.2	48.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	98,000	103,000	94,000	98,000	103,000	94,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	101,700	105,300	97,800	101,700	105,300	97,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,050	1,920	2,130	25.0	23.9	26.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,200	35,600	27,400	29,200	35,600	27,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,520	48,360	39,160	43,520	48,360	39,160
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	91.6	93.2	89.6	91.6	93.2	89.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	84.2	85.6	82.8	84.2	85.6	82.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	8.5	6.8	10.3	8.5	6.8	10.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.5	1.0	0.7	0.5	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.9	2.6	3.2	2.9	2.6	3.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.6	2.4	2.8	2.6	2.4	2.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	16,195	8,020	8,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	105	50	60	0.6	0.6	0.7
With total income	16,085	7,975	8,115	99.3	99.4	99.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,470	700	770	9.1	8.8	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	880	410	470	5.5	5.1	5.8
$20,000 to $29,999	1,245	600	645	7.7	7.5	7.9
$30,000 to $39,999	1,140	480	655	7.1	6.0	8.1
$40,000 to $49,999	1,110	530	585	6.9	6.6	7.2
$50,000 to $59,999	1,040	465	575	6.5	5.8	7.1
$60,000 to $69,999	970	460	510	6.0	5.8	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	1,070	520	555	6.7	6.5	6.8
$80,000 to $89,999	955	415	540	5.9	5.2	6.7
$90,000 to $99,999	965	480	490	6.0	6.0	6.0
$100,000 and over	5,235	2,920	2,315	32.5	36.6	28.5
$100,000 to $149,999	3,735	1,955	1,780	23.2	24.5	21.9
$150,000 and over	1,500	965	535	9.3	12.1	6.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	16,195	8,020	8,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	105	50	60	0.6	0.6	0.7
With after-tax income	16,090	7,975	8,115	99.4	99.4	99.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,505	715	795	9.4	9.0	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	910	425	485	5.7	5.3	6.0
$20,000 to $29,999	1,355	645	710	8.4	8.1	8.7
$30,000 to $39,999	1,360	595	770	8.5	7.5	9.5
$40,000 to $49,999	1,295	615	685	8.0	7.7	8.4
$50,000 to $59,999	1,370	660	705	8.5	8.3	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	1,325	615	710	8.2	7.7	8.7
$70,000 to $79,999	1,255	580	675	7.8	7.3	8.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,235	595	640	7.7	7.5	7.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,200	645	555	7.5	8.1	6.8
$100,000 and over	3,270	1,880	1,390	20.3	23.6	17.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,010	1,070	940	12.5	13.4	11.6
$125,000 and over	1,260	815	445	7.8	10.2	5.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	16,195	8,020	8,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	2,420	1,080	1,340	14.9	13.5	16.4
With employment income	13,775	6,940	6,830	85.1	86.5	83.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	995	470	520	7.2	6.8	7.6
$5,000 to $9,999	685	315	365	5.0	4.5	5.3
$10,000 to $19,999	945	430	520	6.9	6.2	7.6
$20,000 to $29,999	855	370	485	6.2	5.3	7.1
$30,000 to $39,999	780	415	365	5.7	6.0	5.3
$40,000 to $49,999	740	365	375	5.4	5.3	5.5
$50,000 to $59,999	825	405	415	6.0	5.8	6.1
$60,000 to $69,999	825	395	425	6.0	5.7	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	810	345	465	5.9	5.0	6.8
$80,000 to $89,999	900	395	500	6.5	5.7	7.3
$90,000 to $99,999	840	430	415	6.1	6.2	6.1
$100,000 and over	4,575	2,590	1,980	33.2	37.3	29.0
$100,000 to $124,999	2,115	1,100	1,010	15.4	15.9	14.8
$125,000 and over	2,465	1,490	975	17.9	21.5	14.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	16,195	8,025	8,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,455	7,655	7,800	95.4	95.4	95.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,000	76,500	64,000	70,000	76,500	64,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,455	7,655	7,800	95.4	95.4	95.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,800	65,500	56,400	60,800	65,500	56,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,575	7,280	7,295	90.0	90.7	89.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,000	78,000	63,600	70,000	78,000	63,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,755	6,915	6,840	84.9	86.2	83.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,500	77,000	64,000	70,500	77,000	64,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,035	6,870	7,170	86.7	85.6	87.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,000	1,000	1,150	1,000	1,000	1,150
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,150	500	655	7.1	6.2	8.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,100	6,360	7,950	7,100	6,360	7,950
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	16,195	8,020	8,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,465	7,640	7,830	95.5	95.3	95.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	78,000	85,100	71,000	78,000	85,100	71,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,465	7,640	7,830	95.5	95.3	95.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,500	69,300	59,850	64,500	69,300	59,850
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,565	7,220	7,350	89.9	90.0	89.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	78,100	86,300	70,100	78,100	86,300	70,100
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,765	6,880	6,885	85.0	85.8	84.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	75,800	82,800	68,900	75,800	82,800	68,900
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,050	6,810	7,240	86.8	84.9	88.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,800	3,960	5,590	4,800	3,960	5,590
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,120	485	640	6.9	6.0	7.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,200	7,920	10,200	9,200	7,920	10,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	16,195	8,025	8,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,150	4,200	3,950	50.3	52.3	48.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	94,000	100,000	89,000	94,000	100,000	89,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	96,100	101,800	90,000	96,100	101,800	90,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,925	1,890	2,030	24.2	23.6	24.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,800	40,800	28,200	34,800	40,800	28,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	49,680	55,400	44,360	49,680	55,400	44,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	94.4	95.8	92.8	94.4	95.8	92.8
Employment income (%)	86.6	87.6	85.4	86.6	87.6	85.4
Government transfers (%)	5.6	4.2	7.3	5.6	4.2	7.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.2	0.9	0.6	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	7,730	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	147,000	...	...	147,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,845	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,885	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	176,000	...	...	176,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	149,000	...	...	149,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	7,730	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	164,600	...	...	164,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	136,400	...	...	136,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,850	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	91,400	...	...	91,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,880	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	187,600	...	...	187,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	155,600	...	...	155,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	7,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	40	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	20	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	30	...	...	0.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	75	...	...	1.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	105	...	...	1.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	115	...	...	1.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	105	...	...	1.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	130	...	...	1.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	115	...	...	1.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	255	...	...	3.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	255	...	...	3.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	290	...	...	3.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	305	...	...	3.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	315	...	...	4.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,550	...	...	71.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	925	...	...	12.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	840	...	...	10.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,405	...	...	18.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,385	...	...	30.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	7,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	40	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	30	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	35	...	...	0.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	80	...	...	1.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	120	...	...	1.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	130	...	...	1.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	125	...	...	1.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	140	...	...	1.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	130	...	...	1.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	325	...	...	4.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	355	...	...	4.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	355	...	...	4.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	445	...	...	5.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	455	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,950	...	...	64.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,075	...	...	13.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	920	...	...	11.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,960	...	...	38.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,480	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	172,000	...	...	172,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	146,000	...	...	146,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,775	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	166,000	...	...	166,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,605	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	208,000	...	...	208,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	174,000	...	...	174,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	920	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,210	1,750	1,460	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	72,500	70,500	75,500	72,500	70,500	75,500
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	62,400	60,400	64,500	62,400	60,400	64,500
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,475	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	185,200	...	...	185,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	153,200	...	...	153,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,765	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	182,800	...	...	182,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	149,600	...	...	149,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,605	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	215,600	...	...	215,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	177,800	...	...	177,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	890	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	104,800	...	...	104,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,400	...	...	90,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,210	1,725	1,485	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	80,600	80,400	80,900	80,600	80,400	80,900
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	67,100	66,700	67,500	67,100	66,700	67,500
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	20,370	10,135	10,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	4,905	2,485	2,420	24.1	24.5	23.6
0 to 5 years	1,710	865	845	8.4	8.5	8.3
18 to 64 years	13,950	6,865	7,085	68.5	67.7	69.2
65 years and over	1,520	785	735	7.5	7.7	7.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	900	440	455	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	320	165	150	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	125	65	55	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	495	225	265	...	...	...
65 years and over	85	45	45	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.4	4.3	4.5	4.4	4.3	4.5
0 to 17 years (%)	6.5	6.8	6.2	6.5	6.8	6.2
0 to 5 years (%)	7.2	7.6	6.8	7.2	7.6	6.8
18 to 64 years (%)	3.5	3.3	3.8	3.5	3.3	3.8
65 years and over (%)	5.6	5.6	5.6	5.6	5.6	5.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
18 to 64 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
65 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	0	0	0	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
65 years and over	0	0	0	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	20,370	10,135	10,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	4,530	2,255	2,275	22.2	22.2	22.2
In bottom decile	910	475	435	4.5	4.7	4.2
In second decile	925	425	500	4.5	4.2	4.9
In third decile	845	405	440	4.1	4.0	4.3
In fourth decile	895	455	440	4.4	4.5	4.3
In fifth decile	960	490	470	4.7	4.8	4.6
In top half of the distribution	15,845	7,885	7,955	77.8	77.8	77.7
In sixth decile	1,250	610	640	6.1	6.0	6.3
In seventh decile	1,645	820	825	8.1	8.1	8.1
In eighth decile	2,160	1,050	1,110	10.6	10.4	10.8
In ninth decile	3,815	1,920	1,895	18.7	18.9	18.5
In top decile	6,975	3,490	3,485	34.2	34.4	34.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	20,375	...	...	20,375	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.292	...	...	0.292	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.344	...	...	0.344	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.263	...	...	0.263	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	20,475	10,200	10,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	16,905	8,590	8,315	82.6	84.2	80.9
French only	85	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	3,380	1,520	1,860	16.5	14.9	18.1
Neither English nor French	105	45	60	0.5	0.4	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	20,475	10,200	10,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	19,375	9,645	9,730	94.6	94.6	94.6
French	890	455	435	4.3	4.5	4.2
English and French	115	60	55	0.6	0.6	0.5
Neither English nor French	95	40	60	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	20,475	10,200	10,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	19,655	9,815	9,845	96.0	96.2	95.8
Official languages	16,510	8,360	8,150	80.6	82.0	79.3
English	15,635	7,905	7,730	76.4	77.5	75.2
French	875	455	425	4.3	4.5	4.1
Non-official languages	3,140	1,455	1,690	15.3	14.3	16.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	515	175	335	2.5	1.7	3.3
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	395	140	250	1.9	1.4	2.4
Northern Athabaskan languages	395	140	250	1.9	1.4	2.4
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	80	35	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
Gwich'in	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	105	30	75	0.5	0.3	0.7
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	55	15	40	0.3	0.1	0.4
Slavey, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	205	80	130	1.0	0.8	1.3
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	95	25	75	0.5	0.2	0.7
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	30	5	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Inuinnaqtun	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuvialuktun	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuktitut	65	15	50	0.3	0.1	0.5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,630	1,275	1,350	12.8	12.5	13.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	240	150	95	1.2	1.5	0.9
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	50	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	50	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	180	115	70	0.9	1.1	0.7
Amharic	20	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arabic	115	75	45	0.6	0.7	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	50	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155	65	85	0.8	0.6	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	150	65	85	0.7	0.6	0.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	835	350	490	4.1	3.4	4.8
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	60	15	40	0.3	0.1	0.4
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	650	280	370	3.2	2.7	3.6
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	85	50	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	825	440	390	4.0	4.3	3.8
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	110	55	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	110	55	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	165	85	80	0.8	0.8	0.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	80	45	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
German	80	45	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Afrikaans	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	35	15	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	370	210	165	1.8	2.1	1.6
Indo-Aryan languages	355	205	155	1.7	2.0	1.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	65	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	135	85	50	0.7	0.8	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	135	60	70	0.7	0.6	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	85	35	55	0.4	0.3	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	115	60	60	0.6	0.6	0.6
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	220	110	115	1.1	1.1	1.1
Chinese languages	220	110	115	1.1	1.1	1.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	85	45	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	120	55	65	0.6	0.5	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	820	385	435	4.0	3.8	4.2
English and French	210	105	110	1.0	1.0	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	535	245	285	2.6	2.4	2.8
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	20,475	10,200	10,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	16,275	8,215	8,060	79.5	80.5	78.4
French	375	185	190	1.8	1.8	1.8
Non-official language	695	345	350	3.4	3.4	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	65	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-Indigenous	630	320	310	3.1	3.1	3.0
English and French	695	330	365	3.4	3.2	3.6
English and non-official language(s)	2,235	1,025	1,205	10.9	10.0	11.7
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	115	60	55	0.6	0.6	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	75	35	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	20,475	10,200	10,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	19,805	9,895	9,915	96.7	97.0	96.4
Official languages	18,300	9,150	9,145	89.4	89.7	89.0
English	17,785	8,900	8,885	86.9	87.3	86.4
French	510	250	260	2.5	2.5	2.5
Non-official languages	1,515	740	770	7.4	7.3	7.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	95	35	60	0.5	0.3	0.6
Algonquian languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	85	35	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Northern Athabaskan languages	85	35	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,415	700	710	6.9	6.9	6.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	170	105	65	0.8	1.0	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	130	75	55	0.6	0.7	0.5
Amharic	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Arabic	75	45	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	50	35	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	105	45	55	0.5	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	105	45	55	0.5	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	490	225	265	2.4	2.2	2.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	400	185	220	2.0	1.8	2.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	55	25	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	370	200	175	1.8	2.0	1.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	35	15	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	35	15	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	250	140	110	1.2	1.4	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	235	135	95	1.1	1.3	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	85	40	0.6	0.8	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	35	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	125	60	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	125	60	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	55	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	25	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	665	310	360	3.2	3.0	3.5
English and French	155	70	80	0.8	0.7	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	485	225	260	2.4	2.2	2.5
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	20,475	10,200	10,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	17,900	9,005	8,890	87.4	88.3	86.5
English	745	350	390	3.6	3.4	3.8
French	430	205	225	2.1	2.0	2.2
Non-official language	1,090	475	615	5.3	4.7	6.0
Indigenous³⁹	225	80	145	1.1	0.8	1.4
Non-Indigenous	865	395	470	4.2	3.9	4.6
English and French	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	120	65	60	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	100	50	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	20,370	10,135	10,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	20,265	10,105	10,160	99.5	99.7	99.3
English	20,110	10,035	10,075	98.7	99.0	98.4
French	3,520	1,615	1,905	17.3	15.9	18.6
Non-official languages	4,625	2,125	2,505	22.7	21.0	24.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	745	265	480	3.7	2.6	4.7
Algonquian languages	60	25	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	40	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	540	200	345	2.7	2.0	3.4
Northern Athabaskan languages	540	200	345	2.7	2.0	3.4
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	120	50	70	0.6	0.5	0.7
Gwich'in	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	120	35	85	0.6	0.3	0.8
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	70	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Slavey, n.o.s.	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	335	130	205	1.6	1.3	2.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	140	40	100	0.7	0.4	1.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Inuinnaqtun	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	110	40	70	0.5	0.4	0.7
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,890	1,860	2,025	19.1	18.4	19.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	455	280	180	2.2	2.8	1.8
Berber languages	45	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	45	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	65	55	15	0.3	0.5	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	65	55	15	0.3	0.5	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	375	210	160	1.8	2.1	1.6
Amharic	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Arabic	245	155	85	1.2	1.5	0.8
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	95	45	50	0.5	0.4	0.5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	235	105	135	1.2	1.0	1.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	230	105	130	1.1	1.0	1.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,070	460	610	5.3	4.5	6.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cebuano	75	25	50	0.4	0.2	0.5
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	110	55	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indonesian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,035	440	595	5.1	4.3	5.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Creole languages	60	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morisyen	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	110	50	60	0.5	0.5	0.6
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	80	40	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tamil	65	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,475	715	760	7.2	7.1	7.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	45	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	185	85	100	0.9	0.8	1.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	180	85	100	0.9	0.8	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	90	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	345	170	175	1.7	1.7	1.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	200	105	95	1.0	1.0	0.9
German	200	105	95	1.0	1.0	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	145	55	90	0.7	0.5	0.9
Afrikaans	75	30	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
Dutch	70	20	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	490	250	240	2.4	2.5	2.3
Indo-Aryan languages	465	240	225	2.3	2.4	2.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	140	60	75	0.7	0.6	0.7
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	180	95	85	0.9	0.9	0.8
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	150	75	75	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Urdu	115	60	60	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	495	235	265	2.4	2.3	2.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	70	25	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Portuguese	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	415	200	220	2.0	2.0	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	85	30	55	0.4	0.3	0.5
Korean	45	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	190	95	90	0.9	0.9	0.9
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	80	30	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	230	120	110	1.1	1.2	1.1
Chinese languages	230	120	110	1.1	1.2	1.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	135	80	60	0.7	0.8	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	140	65	75	0.7	0.6	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	20,375	10,135	10,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	5,075	2,340	2,735	24.9	23.1	26.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,900	2,245	2,650	24.0	22.2	25.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,120	1,350	1,765	15.3	13.3	17.2
Métis	1,075	560	520	5.3	5.5	5.1
Inuk (Inuit)	700	335	365	3.4	3.3	3.6
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	140	75	65	0.7	0.7	0.6
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	15,300	7,795	7,500	75.1	76.9	73.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	20,375	10,135	10,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,080	1,360	1,720	15.1	13.4	16.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	17,295	8,775	8,515	84.9	86.6	83.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	7,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	4,420	...	...	57.2	...	...
Renter	3,310	...	...	42.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	7,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,340	...	...	17.3	...	...
Not condominium	6,390	...	...	82.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	7,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	85	...	...	1.1	...	...
1 bedroom	1,085	...	...	14.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,745	...	...	22.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,360	...	...	43.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,450	...	...	18.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	7,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,640	...	...	34.2	...	...
5 rooms	1,730	...	...	22.4	...	...
6 rooms	1,190	...	...	15.4	...	...
7 rooms	820	...	...	10.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,340	...	...	17.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	7,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	7,410	...	...	95.9	...	...
More than one person per room	320	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	7,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	7,085	...	...	91.7	...	...
Not suitable	645	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	7,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	275	...	...	3.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,100	...	...	27.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,890	...	...	24.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,470	...	...	19.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	610	...	...	7.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	320	...	...	4.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	600	...	...	7.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	470	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	7,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	6,890	...	...	89.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	845	...	...	10.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	7,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	3,420	...	...	44.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,740	...	...	48.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	565	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	7,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	285	...	...	3.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,520	...	...	19.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,815	...	...	23.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,580	...	...	20.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,555	...	...	20.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	755	...	...	9.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	210	...	...	2.7	...	...
85 years and over	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	7,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,525	...	...	84.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,205	...	...	15.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,080	...	...	14.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	7,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,410	...	...	31.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	980	...	...	12.7	...	...
Not suitable only	505	...	...	6.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	660	...	...	8.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	80	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	125	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,320	...	...	68.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	7,605	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	795	...	...	10.5	...	...
Not in core need	6,810	...	...	89.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,425	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	72.3	...	...	72.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.7	...	...	9.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.8	...	...	4.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,340	...	...	2,340	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,324	...	...	2,324	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	448,000	...	...	448,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	492,000	...	...	492,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,305	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	22.1	...	...	22.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.3	...	...	23.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.3	...	...	18.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,820	...	...	1,820	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,782	...	...	1,782	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	20,375	10,140	10,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,145	1,405	1,740	15.4	13.9	17.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,975	1,325	1,650	14.6	13.1	16.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,360	1,025	1,330	11.6	10.1	13.0
Métis single ancestry	255	155	95	1.3	1.5	0.9
Inuit single ancestry	360	145	220	1.8	1.4	2.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	170	80	90	0.8	0.8	0.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	70	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	80	40	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,060	970	1,090	10.1	9.6	10.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,885	865	1,025	9.3	8.5	10.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,245	560	680	6.1	5.5	6.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	435	205	230	2.1	2.0	2.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	210	100	110	1.0	1.0	1.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	170	105	70	0.8	1.0	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	50	25	0.4	0.5	0.2
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	15,175	7,760	7,410	74.5	76.5	72.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	20,375	10,140	10,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	18,855	9,370	9,485	92.5	92.4	92.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,720	2,355	2,365	23.2	23.2	23.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	14,135	7,015	7,125	69.4	69.2	69.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,520	770	750	7.5	7.6	7.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	20,375	10,140	10,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	16,750	8,340	8,415	82.2	82.2	82.2
Immigrants⁸¹	3,280	1,630	1,645	16.1	16.1	16.1
Before 1980	405	220	185	2.0	2.2	1.8
1980 to 1990	265	140	125	1.3	1.4	1.2
1991 to 2000	510	235	270	2.5	2.3	2.6
2001 to 2010	820	375	445	4.0	3.7	4.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,280	660	615	6.3	6.5	6.0
2011 to 2015	650	350	300	3.2	3.5	2.9
2016 to 2021	630	310	315	3.1	3.1	3.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	345	165	175	1.7	1.6	1.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,280	1,630	1,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	280	185	95	8.5	11.3	5.8
5 to 14 years	515	325	190	15.7	19.9	11.6
15 to 24 years	755	350	405	23.0	21.5	24.6
25 to 44 years	1,425	655	775	43.4	40.2	47.1
45 years and over	295	115	185	9.0	7.1	11.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,280	1,630	1,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	245	100	140	7.5	6.1	8.5
Brazil	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.6
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	15	15	0.8	0.9	0.9
Mexico	15	0	15	0.5	0.0	0.9
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	110	50	65	3.4	3.1	4.0
Other places of birth in Americas	45	25	20	1.4	1.5	1.2
Europe	550	305	245	16.8	18.7	14.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	30	10	15	0.9	0.6	0.9
Germany	95	55	45	2.9	3.4	2.7
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	15	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
Italy	25	15	10	0.8	0.9	0.6
Netherlands	30	15	15	0.9	0.9	0.9
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	25	15	10	0.8	0.9	0.6
Russian Federation	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	205	110	90	6.3	6.7	5.5
Other places of birth in Europe	90	50	40	2.7	3.1	2.4
Africa	635	365	265	19.4	22.4	16.1
Algeria	30	20	10	0.9	1.2	0.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	50	30	20	1.5	1.8	1.2
Ethiopia	40	20	15	1.2	1.2	0.9
Morocco	30	15	20	0.9	0.9	1.2
Nigeria	20	10	10	0.6	0.6	0.6
Somalia	65	55	10	2.0	3.4	0.6
South Africa, Republic of	75	45	25	2.3	2.8	1.5
Other places of birth in Africa	320	170	145	9.8	10.4	8.8
Asia	1,805	845	960	55.0	51.8	58.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.6
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	30	0	1.1	1.8	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	75	35	40	2.3	2.1	2.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	45	25	20	1.4	1.5	1.2
Korea, South⁹²	35	0	25	1.1	0.0	1.5
Taiwan	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Philippines	970	435	530	29.6	26.7	32.2
Viet Nam	160	55	105	4.9	3.4	6.4
Bangladesh	65	30	35	2.0	1.8	2.1
India	200	120	75	6.1	7.4	4.6
Pakistan	60	30	30	1.8	1.8	1.8
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	125	50	75	3.8	3.1	4.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	40	15	30	1.2	0.9	1.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	630	315	315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	15	10	0	2.4	3.2	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	0	1.6	3.2	0.0
Europe	75	45	30	11.9	14.3	9.5
France	25	10	15	4.0	3.2	4.8
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0	1.6	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	1.6	3.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	25	10	5.6	7.9	3.2
Africa	145	60	90	23.0	19.0	28.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	20	0	20	3.2	0.0	6.3
Ethiopia	20	0	15	3.2	0.0	4.8
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	20	15	0	3.2	4.8	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	30	10	25	4.8	3.2	7.9
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	20	20	5.6	6.3	6.3
Asia	385	195	195	61.1	61.9	61.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	0	10	2.4	0.0	3.2
China⁹⁰	15	10	0	2.4	3.2	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	65	40	20	10.3	12.7	6.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	10	0	0	1.6	0.0	0.0
Philippines	230	100	130	36.5	31.7	41.3
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	1.6	0.0	3.2
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	20,375	10,135	10,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,785	1,895	1,890	18.6	18.7	18.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,860	1,390	1,470	14.0	13.7	14.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	13,730	6,850	6,870	67.4	67.6	67.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,870	1,410	1,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,490	765	730	51.9	54.3	49.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	680	360	320	23.7	25.5	21.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	810	405	405	28.2	28.7	27.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	935	355	580	32.6	25.2	39.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	420	275	145	14.6	19.5	9.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	10	10	0.9	0.7	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,870	1,410	1,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	110	65	40	3.8	4.6	2.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	570	185	380	19.9	13.1	25.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	95	65	30	3.3	4.6	2.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	180	110	70	6.3	7.8	4.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,915	975	940	66.7	69.1	64.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	20,375	10,135	10,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,000	1,945	2,050	19.6	19.2	20.0
South Asian	615	310	305	3.0	3.1	3.0
Chinese	260	145	115	1.3	1.4	1.1
Black	875	460	415	4.3	4.5	4.1
Filipino	1,375	645	730	6.7	6.4	7.1
Arab	190	110	80	0.9	1.1	0.8
Latin American	90	30	65	0.4	0.3	0.6
Southeast Asian	270	110	165	1.3	1.1	1.6
West Asian	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	45	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Japanese	85	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	130	60	70	0.6	0.6	0.7
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	16,380	8,195	8,190	80.4	80.9	80.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	20,370	10,135	10,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	2,450	1,225	1,225	12.0	12.1	12.0
English	4,020	2,040	1,980	19.7	20.1	19.3
Irish	3,375	1,715	1,660	16.6	16.9	16.2
Scottish	3,545	1,685	1,865	17.4	16.6	18.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,085	1,135	945	10.2	11.2	9.2
German	1,810	930	875	8.9	9.2	8.5
Chinese	280	150	130	1.4	1.5	1.3
Italian	330	165	170	1.6	1.6	1.7
Indian (India)	335	165	170	1.6	1.6	1.7
Ukrainian	635	350	285	3.1	3.5	2.8
Dutch	640	355	285	3.1	3.5	2.8
Polish	405	180	220	2.0	1.8	2.1
Québécois	90	55	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	690	360	335	3.4	3.6	3.3
Filipino	1,275	585	690	6.3	5.8	6.7
French Canadian	250	90	160	1.2	0.9	1.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	635	310	325	3.1	3.1	3.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	820	380	440	4.0	3.7	4.3
Métis	880	455	425	4.3	4.5	4.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	400	185	215	2.0	1.8	2.1
Russian	155	75	80	0.8	0.7	0.8
Norwegian	435	240	190	2.1	2.4	1.9
Welsh	340	170	165	1.7	1.7	1.6
Portuguese	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
American	175	105	70	0.9	1.0	0.7
Spanish	125	60	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
Swedish	235	110	120	1.2	1.1	1.2
Hungarian	170	105	55	0.8	1.0	0.5
Acadian	190	95	95	0.9	0.9	0.9
Pakistani	85	45	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	285	140	145	1.4	1.4	1.4
Jewish	75	45	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Punjabi	50	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Vietnamese	230	100	135	1.1	1.0	1.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	80	50	25	0.4	0.5	0.2
Greek	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Jamaican	35	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	130	60	70	0.6	0.6	0.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	410	190	225	2.0	1.9	2.2
Korean	45	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Romanian	105	50	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Lebanese	40	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	70	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	200	95	100	1.0	0.9	1.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	355	150	205	1.7	1.5	2.0
Sikh	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austrian	120	60	60	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belgian	85	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	80	40	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swiss	100	70	30	0.5	0.7	0.3
Finnish	70	50	15	0.3	0.5	0.1
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Japanese	110	45	60	0.5	0.4	0.6
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	170	80	90	0.8	0.8	0.9
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	165	85	80	0.8	0.8	0.8
Muslim	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	65	40	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	65	45	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Czech	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Syrian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	165	105	60	0.8	1.0	0.6
Hong Konger	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ontarian	95	55	40	0.5	0.5	0.4
Persian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	575	270	305	2.8	2.7	3.0
Bangladeshi	70	25	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Algerian	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Brazilian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Armenian	45	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Slovak	50	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	50	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	55	40	15	0.3	0.4	0.1
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Salvadorean	30	20	20	0.1	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	40	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquin	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	65	40	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Australian	50	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	55	35	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Nova Scotian	45	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ethiopian	50	35	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	60	25	25	0.3	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albertan	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ghanaian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	45	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.3
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	810	335	470	4.0	3.3	4.6
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sudanese	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	70	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nicaraguan	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	35	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	25	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	40	30	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	20,375	10,135	10,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	225	95	125	1.1	0.9	1.2
Christian	9,985	4,590	5,395	49.0	45.3	52.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,365	665	705	6.7	6.6	6.9
Anabaptist	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anglican	925	385	545	4.5	3.8	5.3
Baptist	280	145	130	1.4	1.4	1.3
Catholic	5,530	2,560	2,970	27.1	25.3	29.0
Christian Orthodox	130	35	100	0.6	0.3	1.0
Jehovah's Witness	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	60	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Lutheran	120	65	50	0.6	0.6	0.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	95	50	45	0.5	0.5	0.4
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	300	105	190	1.5	1.0	1.9
Presbyterian	55	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	605	270	340	3.0	2.7	3.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	435	230	205	2.1	2.3	2.0
Hindu	130	65	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jewish	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Muslim	615	375	240	3.0	3.7	2.3
Sikh	105	55	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	105	65	45	0.5	0.6	0.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	165	75	90	0.8	0.7	0.9
No religion and secular perspectives	9,010	4,795	4,215	44.2	47.3	41.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	20,080	10,005	10,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	16,700	8,350	8,345	83.2	83.5	82.9
Movers	3,385	1,655	1,730	16.9	16.5	17.2
Non-migrants	2,050	970	1,075	10.2	9.7	10.7
Migrants	1,335	680	650	6.6	6.8	6.5
Internal migrants	1,240	650	595	6.2	6.5	5.9
Intraprovincial migrants	215	95	120	1.1	0.9	1.2
Interprovincial migrants	1,030	555	475	5.1	5.5	4.7
External migrants	95	35	60	0.5	0.3	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	18,995	9,460	9,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	9,700	4,930	4,770	51.1	52.1	50.0
Movers	9,295	4,530	4,765	48.9	47.9	49.9
Non-migrants	4,830	2,300	2,530	25.4	24.3	26.5
Migrants	4,465	2,230	2,230	23.5	23.6	23.4
Internal migrants	3,785	1,915	1,875	19.9	20.2	19.7
Intraprovincial migrants	885	410	475	4.7	4.3	5.0
Interprovincial migrants	2,900	1,500	1,405	15.3	15.9	14.7
External migrants	670	315	360	3.5	3.3	3.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,195	8,025	8,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,695	1,460	1,240	16.6	18.2	15.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,500	6,565	6,935	83.4	81.8	84.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,210	5,995	6,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,440	790	650	11.8	13.2	10.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	10,765	5,200	5,565	88.2	86.7	89.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,195	8,020	8,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,345	1,230	1,115	14.5	15.3	13.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,355	2,300	2,055	26.9	28.7	25.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,495	4,495	5,000	58.6	56.0	61.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,360	2,370	1,990	26.9	29.6	24.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,090	855	230	6.7	10.7	2.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	445	275	160	2.7	3.4	2.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	645	580	70	4.0	7.2	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,710	1,275	1,430	16.7	15.9	17.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	560	240	325	3.5	3.0	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,135	2,120	3,010	31.7	26.4	36.8
Bachelor's degree	3,385	1,420	1,965	20.9	17.7	24.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	315	120	195	1.9	1.5	2.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	85	25	55	0.5	0.3	0.7
Master's degree	1,280	520	760	7.9	6.5	9.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	70	30	40	0.4	0.4	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,205	6,000	6,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,150	620	535	9.4	10.3	8.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,940	1,615	1,325	24.1	26.9	21.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,110	3,765	4,350	66.4	62.8	70.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,655	1,985	1,675	29.9	33.1	27.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	890	695	195	7.3	11.6	3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	355	215	145	2.9	3.6	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	530	475	55	4.3	7.9	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,300	1,090	1,210	18.8	18.2	19.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	470	205	265	3.9	3.4	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,450	1,775	2,680	36.5	29.6	43.2
Bachelor's degree	2,880	1,165	1,715	23.6	19.4	27.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	280	100	180	2.3	1.7	2.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	75	20	50	0.6	0.3	0.8
Master's degree	1,160	455	705	9.5	7.6	11.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	55	30	25	0.5	0.5	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	16,195	8,020	8,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,705	3,530	3,170	41.4	44.0	38.8
Education	750	165	580	4.6	2.1	7.1
13. Education	750	165	580	4.6	2.1	7.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	285	115	175	1.8	1.4	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	260	100	165	1.6	1.2	2.0
Humanities	355	175	185	2.2	2.2	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	55	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	105	30	70	0.6	0.4	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	30	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
54. History	50	35	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,330	535	795	8.2	6.7	9.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	160	75	85	1.0	0.9	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	155	15	140	1.0	0.2	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	180	90	95	1.1	1.1	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	0	40	0.3	0.0	0.5
42. Psychology	210	55	155	1.3	0.7	1.9
45. Social sciences	545	295	250	3.4	3.7	3.1
Business, management and public administration	1,855	595	1,265	11.5	7.4	15.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	215	35	175	1.3	0.4	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,640	555	1,085	10.1	6.9	13.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	490	205	285	3.0	2.6	3.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	240	80	160	1.5	1.0	2.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
40. Physical sciences	175	95	75	1.1	1.2	0.9
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	330	210	125	2.0	2.6	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	260	175	85	1.6	2.2	1.0
25. Library science	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	30	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,790	1,530	255	11.1	19.1	3.1
04. Architecture and related services	120	60	60	0.7	0.7	0.7
14. Engineering	460	360	100	2.8	4.5	1.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	360	310	55	2.2	3.9	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	310	295	15	1.9	3.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	415	395	20	2.6	4.9	0.2
48. Precision production	120	115	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	365	225	145	2.3	2.8	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	80	50	35	0.5	0.6	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	285	175	110	1.8	2.2	1.3
Health and related fields	1,255	270	990	7.7	3.4	12.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	160	85	70	1.0	1.1	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,075	170	910	6.6	2.1	11.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	675	485	190	4.2	6.0	2.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	260	130	135	1.6	1.6	1.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	150	110	40	0.9	1.4	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	245	235	20	1.5	2.9	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	12,205	5,995	6,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,095	2,235	1,860	33.6	37.3	29.9
Education	620	145	480	5.1	2.4	7.7
13. Education	620	145	480	5.1	2.4	7.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	245	90	155	2.0	1.5	2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	215	75	140	1.8	1.3	2.3
Humanities	290	140	150	2.4	2.3	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	20	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	45	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	75	25	50	0.6	0.4	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	20	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	50	35	15	0.4	0.6	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,120	435	685	9.2	7.3	11.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	130	60	70	1.1	1.0	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	135	15	130	1.1	0.3	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	170	70	95	1.4	1.2	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	0	40	0.4	0.0	0.6
42. Psychology	170	40	135	1.4	0.7	2.2
45. Social sciences	455	245	210	3.7	4.1	3.4
Business, management and public administration	1,610	485	1,125	13.2	8.1	18.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	195	35	155	1.6	0.6	2.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,415	450	965	11.6	7.5	15.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	415	165	245	3.4	2.8	3.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	200	65	135	1.6	1.1	2.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	20	35	0.4	0.3	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
40. Physical sciences	140	80	60	1.1	1.3	1.0
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	285	180	110	2.3	3.0	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	230	150	75	1.9	2.5	1.2
25. Library science	40	10	30	0.3	0.2	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,520	1,285	230	12.5	21.4	3.7
04. Architecture and related services	80	30	50	0.7	0.5	0.8
14. Engineering	410	315	100	3.4	5.3	1.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	335	285	50	2.7	4.8	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	245	230	15	2.0	3.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	360	335	20	2.9	5.6	0.3
48. Precision production	90	90	0	0.7	1.5	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	335	185	140	2.7	3.1	2.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	80	40	35	0.7	0.7	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	255	150	110	2.1	2.5	1.8
Health and related fields	1,100	235	860	9.0	3.9	13.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	130	65	65	1.1	1.1	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	940	160	780	7.7	2.7	12.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	575	415	155	4.7	6.9	2.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	210	100	110	1.7	1.7	1.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	145	105	35	1.2	1.8	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	205	195	10	1.7	3.3	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	12,205	5,995	6,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,095	2,235	1,860	33.6	37.3	29.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	8,110	3,760	4,350	66.4	62.7	70.0
Location of study inside Canada	6,780	3,170	3,610	55.6	52.9	58.1
Same as province or territory of residence	970	390	585	7.9	6.5	9.4
Different than province or territory of residence	5,810	2,785	3,025	47.6	46.5	48.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,325	590	740	10.9	9.8	11.9
Americas	140	70	70	1.1	1.2	1.1
United States of America	105	55	50	0.9	0.9	0.8
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Europe	290	125	165	2.4	2.1	2.7
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	50	15	30	0.4	0.3	0.5
Germany	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	25	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	120	65	60	1.0	1.1	1.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Africa	180	100	85	1.5	1.7	1.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	35	25	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Tunisia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	105	55	55	0.9	0.9	0.9
Asia	665	260	405	5.4	4.3	6.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Turkey	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Taiwan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	35	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
Philippines	405	140	265	3.3	2.3	4.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	90	50	40	0.7	0.8	0.6
Pakistan	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oceania	55	30	25	0.5	0.5	0.4
Australia	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
New Zealand	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	16,195	8,020	8,170	...	...	...
In the labour force	12,705	6,520	6,185	...	...	...
Employed	11,970	6,100	5,870	...	...	...
Unemployed	735	420	315	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	3,485	1,500	1,985	...	...	...
Participation rate	78.5	81.3	75.7	78.5	81.3	75.7
Employment rate	73.9	76.1	71.8	73.9	76.1	71.8
Unemployment rate	5.8	6.4	5.1	5.8	6.4	5.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	16,195	8,020	8,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	3,525	1,560	1,965	21.8	19.5	24.1
Worked	12,675	6,460	6,205	78.3	80.5	75.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	8,355	4,370	3,985	51.6	54.5	48.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,315	2,095	2,220	26.6	26.1	27.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.8	43.8	43.8	43.8	43.8	43.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	12,705	6,520	6,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	145	65	75	1.1	1.0	1.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	12,560	6,455	6,105	98.9	99.0	98.7
Employee	11,565	5,905	5,660	91.0	90.6	91.5
Permanent position	9,490	4,920	4,575	74.7	75.5	74.0
Temporary position	2,070	985	1,085	16.3	15.1	17.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	825	355	470	6.5	5.4	7.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,245	630	615	9.8	9.7	9.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	995	550	445	7.8	8.4	7.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	12,705	6,520	6,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	145	65	75	1.1	1.0	1.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	12,560	6,455	6,105	98.9	99.0	98.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	245	130	120	1.9	2.0	1.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,480	715	1,765	19.5	11.0	28.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,085	750	330	8.5	11.5	5.3
3 Health occupations	775	195	580	6.1	3.0	9.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,740	1,170	1,570	21.6	17.9	25.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	330	130	200	2.6	2.0	3.2
6 Sales and service occupations	2,510	1,220	1,285	19.8	18.7	20.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,975	1,805	175	15.5	27.7	2.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	270	235	40	2.1	3.6	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	140	110	35	1.1	1.7	0.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	12,705	6,520	6,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	145	65	75	1.1	1.0	1.2
All industries¹⁹¹	12,560	6,455	6,105	98.9	99.0	98.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	50	40	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	625	480	150	4.9	7.4	2.4
22 Utilities	75	70	10	0.6	1.1	0.2
23 Construction	585	515	65	4.6	7.9	1.1
31-33 Manufacturing	135	80	50	1.1	1.2	0.8
41 Wholesale trade	190	160	35	1.5	2.5	0.6
44-45 Retail trade	1,090	605	485	8.6	9.3	7.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	885	670	215	7.0	10.3	3.5
51 Information and cultural industries	270	160	110	2.1	2.5	1.8
52 Finance and insurance	220	75	145	1.7	1.2	2.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	115	55	55	0.9	0.8	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	715	410	300	5.6	6.3	4.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	470	310	160	3.7	4.8	2.6
61 Educational services	815	210	610	6.4	3.2	9.9
62 Health care and social assistance	1,310	270	1,045	10.3	4.1	16.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	190	90	95	1.5	1.4	1.5
72 Accommodation and food services	725	390	330	5.7	6.0	5.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	365	195	175	2.9	3.0	2.8
91 Public administration	3,730	1,670	2,060	29.4	25.6	33.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	13,630	6,930	6,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	12,890	6,605	6,285	94.6	95.3	93.8
French	85	45	45	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	45	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	35	15	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and French	455	200	250	3.3	2.9	3.7
English and non-official language(s)	150	60	90	1.1	0.9	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	13,630	6,930	6,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	13,520	6,875	6,640	99.2	99.2	99.1
Official languages	13,455	6,850	6,605	98.7	98.8	98.6
English	13,300	6,785	6,515	97.6	97.9	97.2
French	160	65	95	1.2	0.9	1.4
Non-official languages	60	25	35	0.4	0.4	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	50	25	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	110	50	55	0.8	0.7	0.8
English and French	90	45	45	0.7	0.6	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	13,630	6,930	6,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	13,130	6,720	6,410	96.3	97.0	95.7
English	90	30	60	0.7	0.4	0.9
French	300	140	155	2.2	2.0	2.3
Non-official language	105	40	65	0.8	0.6	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	50	15	40	0.4	0.2	0.6
Non-Indigenous	50	30	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	11,970	6,100	5,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	1,560	690	870	13.0	11.3	14.8
Worked outside Canada	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	1,265	925	340	10.6	15.2	5.8
Usual place of work	9,135	4,475	4,655	76.3	73.4	79.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	9,135	4,480	4,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,440	4,055	4,390	92.4	90.5	94.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	355	230	120	3.9	5.1	2.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	65	30	35	0.7	0.7	0.8
Commute to a different province or territory	270	165	110	3.0	3.7	2.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	10,400	5,405	4,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	7,660	3,985	3,680	73.7	73.7	73.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	6,490	3,600	2,890	62.4	66.6	57.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,175	385	785	11.3	7.1	15.7
Public transit	135	70	60	1.3	1.3	1.2
Walked	1,805	825	980	17.4	15.3	19.6
Bicycle	200	130	70	1.9	2.4	1.4
Other method	600	390	205	5.8	7.2	4.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	10,400	5,405	4,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	7,395	3,790	3,610	71.1	70.1	72.3
15 to 29 minutes	2,210	1,145	1,070	21.3	21.2	21.4
30 to 44 minutes	370	180	190	3.6	3.3	3.8
45 to 59 minutes	165	115	50	1.6	2.1	1.0
60 minutes and over	255	175	75	2.5	3.2	1.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	10,400	5,405	4,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	315	230	90	3.0	4.3	1.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,000	690	315	9.6	12.8	6.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,250	1,715	1,535	31.3	31.7	30.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,895	1,745	2,145	37.5	32.3	42.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	945	400	545	9.1	7.4	10.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	990	625	365	9.5	11.6	7.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,990	2,530	2,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	820	400	420	16.4	15.8	17.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,175	2,135	2,045	83.7	84.4	83.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,510	1,780	1,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	565	280	285	16.1	15.7	16.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	400	195	200	11.4	11.0	11.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	165	80	90	4.7	4.5	5.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,945	1,495	1,445	83.9	84.0	83.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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