Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	QuébecMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	98,772	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	97,143	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	60,272	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	54,759	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,863.7	...	...	2,863.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	34.49	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	98,770	48,100	50,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	10,490	5,345	5,145	10.6	11.1	10.2
0 to 4 years	3,465	1,810	1,650	3.5	3.8	3.3
5 to 9 years	3,560	1,805	1,760	3.6	3.8	3.5
10 to 14 years	3,465	1,730	1,740	3.5	3.6	3.4
15 to 64 years	62,755	32,160	30,590	63.5	66.9	60.4
15 to 19 years	3,205	1,595	1,605	3.2	3.3	3.2
20 to 24 years	6,110	2,895	3,220	6.2	6.0	6.4
25 to 29 years	9,735	5,010	4,725	9.9	10.4	9.3
30 to 34 years	7,930	4,150	3,770	8.0	8.6	7.4
35 to 39 years	6,480	3,465	3,020	6.6	7.2	6.0
40 to 44 years	6,305	3,290	3,015	6.4	6.8	6.0
45 to 49 years	4,865	2,560	2,300	4.9	5.3	4.5
50 to 54 years	4,915	2,540	2,380	5.0	5.3	4.7
55 to 59 years	6,190	3,225	2,960	6.3	6.7	5.8
60 to 64 years	7,020	3,425	3,595	7.1	7.1	7.1
65 years and over	25,530	10,590	14,935	25.8	22.0	29.5
65 to 69 years	7,110	3,355	3,760	7.2	7.0	7.4
70 to 74 years	6,345	2,960	3,390	6.4	6.2	6.7
75 to 79 years	4,835	2,055	2,780	4.9	4.3	5.5
80 to 84 years	3,075	1,190	1,885	3.1	2.5	3.7
85 years and over	4,160	1,035	3,120	4.2	2.2	6.2
85 to 89 years	2,350	695	1,655	2.4	1.4	3.3
90 to 94 years	1,425	275	1,155	1.4	0.6	2.3
95 to 99 years	340	65	275	0.3	0.1	0.5
100 years and over	40	5	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	10.6	11.1	10.2	10.6	11.1	10.2
15 to 64 years	63.5	66.9	60.4	63.5	66.9	60.4
65 years and over	25.8	22.0	29.5	25.8	22.0	29.5
85 years and over	4.2	2.2	6.2	4.2	2.2	6.2
Average age of the population	45.9	44.1	47.7	45.9	44.1	47.7
Median age of the population	44.4	42.4	46.8	44.4	42.4	46.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	54,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	4,390	...	...	8.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,725	...	...	3.2	...	...
Row house	1,190	...	...	2.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,635	...	...	6.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	34,015	...	...	62.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	9,185	...	...	16.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	595	...	...	1.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	54,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	29,145	...	...	53.2	...	...
2 persons	17,325	...	...	31.6	...	...
3 persons	4,230	...	...	7.7	...	...
4 persons	2,865	...	...	5.2	...	...
5 or more persons	1,195	...	...	2.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	94,430	46,690	47,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	88,280	42,755	45,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	40,070	20,185	19,880	45.4	47.2	43.7
Married	18,285	9,105	9,175	20.7	21.3	20.2
Living common-law	21,790	11,080	10,710	24.7	25.9	23.5
Living common law - Never married	18,400	9,285	9,120	20.8	21.7	20.0
Living common law - Separated	195	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	2,835	1,525	1,305	3.2	3.6	2.9
Living common law - Widowed	355	160	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	48,205	22,570	25,640	54.6	52.8	56.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	34,425	18,245	16,180	39.0	42.7	35.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,330	615	715	1.5	1.4	1.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,185	2,685	4,500	8.1	6.3	9.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,260	1,020	4,240	6.0	2.4	9.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	22,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,580	...	...	67.8	...	...
3 persons	3,640	...	...	15.9	...	...
4 persons	2,700	...	...	11.8	...	...
5 or more persons	1,045	...	...	4.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	22,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	19,335	...	...	84.2	...	...
Married couples	8,440	...	...	36.8	...	...
With children⁶	2,810	...	...	12.2	...	...
Without children	5,630	...	...	24.5	...	...
Common-law couples	10,890	...	...	47.4	...	...
With children⁶	3,355	...	...	14.6	...	...
Without children	7,535	...	...	32.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,635	...	...	15.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,695	...	...	11.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	935	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	94,435	46,695	47,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	58,540	29,030	29,505	62.0	62.2	61.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	38,660	19,570	19,090	40.9	41.9	40.0
Parents in one-parent families	3,630	935	2,700	3.8	2.0	5.7
Children⁶	16,245	8,525	7,720	17.2	18.3	16.2
In a two-parent family	11,015	5,705	5,305	11.7	12.2	11.1
In a one-parent family	5,235	2,815	2,420	5.5	6.0	5.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	35,890	17,660	18,230	38.0	37.8	38.2
Living alone	29,150	13,955	15,190	30.9	29.9	31.8
Living with other relatives⁷	1,455	660	800	1.5	1.4	1.7
Living with non-relatives only	5,285	3,045	2,240	5.6	6.5	4.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	54,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	22,165	...	...	40.5	...	...
Couple-family households	18,785	...	...	34.3	...	...
With children⁶	5,970	...	...	10.9	...	...
Without children	12,815	...	...	23.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,385	...	...	6.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	165	...	...	0.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	500	...	...	0.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,740	...	...	5.0	...	...
One-person households	29,145	...	...	53.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	83,965	41,355	42,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,465	40,595	41,870	98.2	98.2	98.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	43,600	38,800	40,800	43,600	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,480	40,600	41,880	98.2	98.2	98.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	38,000	34,400	36,400	38,000	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,565	36,965	37,595	88.8	89.4	88.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,400	30,000	34,000	38,400	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,000	30,280	27,720	69.1	73.2	65.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	37,600	32,800	35,200	37,600	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,685	33,015	36,670	83.0	79.8	86.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,500	10,500	12,300	11,500	10,500	12,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,070	4,840	4,230	10.8	11.7	9.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,385	12,400	10,985	27.9	30.0	25.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	84,020	41,435	42,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,560	40,705	41,860	98.3	98.2	98.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,560	53,750	45,440	49,560	53,750	45,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,585	40,705	41,875	98.3	98.2	98.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	43,400	38,280	40,800	43,400	38,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,665	37,115	37,545	88.9	89.6	88.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	48,920	38,320	43,600	48,920	38,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,030	30,300	27,725	69.1	73.1	65.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,960	47,360	40,240	43,960	47,360	40,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,900	33,245	36,655	83.2	80.2	86.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,950	11,190	12,640	11,950	11,190	12,640
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,180	4,960	4,220	10.9	12.0	9.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,700	5,955	7,590	6,700	5,955	7,590
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,405	12,420	10,985	27.9	30.0	25.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,300	8,250	8,360	8,300	8,250	8,360
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	84,020	41,435	42,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,890	14,535	12,360	32.0	35.1	29.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200	59,600	54,000	57,200	59,600	54,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,900	69,800	61,300	65,900	69,800	61,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,290	12,535	12,755	30.1	30.3	30.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200	19,600	16,800	18,200	19,600	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,040	29,040	25,080	27,040	29,040	25,080
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.6	83.0	75.6	79.6	83.0	75.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.4	65.6	58.7	62.4	65.6	58.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.4	17.0	24.4	20.4	17.0	24.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.4	1.7	1.5	1.4	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	5.3	5.8	5.5	5.3	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8	4.7	4.8	4.8	4.7	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	83,960	41,360	42,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,500	765	730	1.8	1.8	1.7
With total income	82,465	40,590	41,870	98.2	98.1	98.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,300	2,085	2,220	5.2	5.1	5.3
$10,000 to $19,999	9,130	4,120	5,010	11.1	10.2	12.0
$20,000 to $29,999	14,460	6,330	8,130	17.5	15.6	19.4
$30,000 to $39,999	12,185	5,775	6,410	14.8	14.2	15.3
$40,000 to $49,999	11,225	5,430	5,800	13.6	13.4	13.9
$50,000 to $59,999	9,015	4,485	4,530	10.9	11.0	10.8
$60,000 to $69,999	6,235	3,335	2,900	7.6	8.2	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	4,385	2,365	2,015	5.3	5.8	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,435	1,870	1,570	4.2	4.6	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,335	1,285	1,050	2.8	3.2	2.5
$100,000 and over	5,755	3,530	2,230	7.0	8.7	5.3
$100,000 to $149,999	4,045	2,390	1,650	4.9	5.9	3.9
$150,000 and over	1,710	1,135	575	2.1	2.8	1.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	83,960	41,360	42,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,480	755	725	1.8	1.8	1.7
With after-tax income	82,480	40,600	41,880	98.2	98.2	98.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,665	2,190	2,475	5.7	5.4	5.9
$10,000 to $19,999	9,610	4,360	5,250	11.7	10.7	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	17,275	7,745	9,530	20.9	19.1	22.8
$30,000 to $39,999	15,385	7,425	7,960	18.7	18.3	19.0
$40,000 to $49,999	13,120	6,485	6,640	15.9	16.0	15.9
$50,000 to $59,999	8,395	4,545	3,855	10.2	11.2	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	5,385	2,835	2,555	6.5	7.0	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	3,380	1,815	1,565	4.1	4.5	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	1,855	1,050	810	2.2	2.6	1.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,015	610	405	1.2	1.5	1.0
$100,000 and over	2,390	1,550	835	2.9	3.8	2.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,260	790	465	1.5	1.9	1.1
$125,000 and over	1,130	760	370	1.4	1.9	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	83,960	41,360	42,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	25,965	11,080	14,885	30.9	26.8	34.9
With employment income	58,000	30,280	27,715	69.1	73.2	65.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,355	3,860	3,495	12.7	12.7	12.6
$5,000 to $9,999	4,835	2,265	2,565	8.3	7.5	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	7,540	3,590	3,955	13.0	11.9	14.3
$20,000 to $29,999	6,160	3,070	3,090	10.6	10.1	11.1
$30,000 to $39,999	5,995	3,090	2,905	10.3	10.2	10.5
$40,000 to $49,999	6,105	3,055	3,050	10.5	10.1	11.0
$50,000 to $59,999	5,040	2,660	2,380	8.7	8.8	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	3,765	2,100	1,660	6.5	6.9	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	2,920	1,650	1,270	5.0	5.4	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,505	1,380	1,125	4.3	4.6	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,685	965	715	2.9	3.2	2.6
$100,000 and over	4,100	2,595	1,505	7.1	8.6	5.4
$100,000 to $124,999	2,010	1,240	770	3.5	4.1	2.8
$125,000 and over	2,090	1,350	740	3.6	4.5	2.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	83,965	41,355	42,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,520	40,095	41,425	97.1	97.0	97.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	40,800	35,200	38,000	40,800	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,540	40,090	41,445	97.1	96.9	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	35,600	31,600	33,600	35,600	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,690	36,540	37,150	87.8	88.4	87.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,400	30,800	34,400	38,400	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,300	30,325	27,980	69.4	73.3	65.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	37,600	32,000	34,800	37,600	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,735	30,380	34,355	77.1	73.5	80.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,700	4,400	8,500	6,700	4,400	8,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,270	3,360	2,910	7.5	8.1	6.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,520	4,360	4,720	4,520	4,360	4,720
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	84,020	41,435	42,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,775	40,310	41,460	97.3	97.3	97.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,440	50,400	42,560	46,440	50,400	42,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,805	40,310	41,495	97.4	97.3	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	41,040	35,840	38,400	41,040	35,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,790	36,650	37,135	87.8	88.5	87.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,760	48,960	38,640	43,760	48,960	38,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,375	30,320	28,055	69.5	73.2	65.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,400	46,960	39,520	43,400	46,960	39,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,905	30,630	34,280	77.2	73.9	80.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,750	7,760	9,630	8,750	7,760	9,630
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,360	3,445	2,910	7.6	8.3	6.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,420	5,510	7,490	6,420	5,510	7,490
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	84,020	41,435	42,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,615	14,360	12,260	31.7	34.7	28.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,200	56,000	49,600	53,200	56,000	49,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,550	65,700	56,600	61,550	65,700	56,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,080	11,885	12,195	28.7	28.7	28.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,800	24,000	21,400	22,800	24,000	21,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,200	33,280	29,200	31,200	33,280	29,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.0	88.2	81.2	85.0	88.2	81.2
Employment income (%)	66.8	70.0	62.8	66.8	70.0	62.8
Government transfers (%)	15.0	11.7	18.7	15.0	11.7	18.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.2	1.1	0.9	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	54,760	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	58,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	50,400	...	...	50,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	29,145	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	34,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	25,615	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	54,770	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	74,700	...	...	74,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	61,550	...	...	61,550	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	29,160	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,600	...	...	46,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,840	...	...	38,840	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	25,605	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,700	...	...	106,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,400	...	...	87,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	54,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	670	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	520	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,175	...	...	2.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,905	...	...	3.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,260	...	...	7.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,710	...	...	4.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,785	...	...	5.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,115	...	...	5.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,075	...	...	5.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,915	...	...	5.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,245	...	...	9.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,275	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,670	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,225	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,645	...	...	4.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,570	...	...	23.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,780	...	...	8.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,910	...	...	5.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,850	...	...	5.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,020	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	54,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	730	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	525	...	...	1.0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,200	...	...	2.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,020	...	...	3.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,630	...	...	8.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,490	...	...	6.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,650	...	...	6.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,885	...	...	7.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,720	...	...	6.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,340	...	...	6.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,410	...	...	9.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,610	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,855	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,100	...	...	5.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,350	...	...	4.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,255	...	...	15.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,985	...	...	7.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,020	...	...	3.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,250	...	...	4.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	23,400	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,980	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,170	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,600	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...	58,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	34,435	17,000	17,430	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	38,400	37,200	37,600	38,400	37,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	34,000	33,600	33,600	34,000	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	23,325	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,700	...	...	108,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,700	...	...	88,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,935	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,100	...	...	104,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,200	...	...	84,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,200	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,400	...	...	143,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,800	...	...	115,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,585	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,300	...	...	70,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,400	...	...	61,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	34,520	17,130	17,390	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,040	46,360	43,720	45,040	46,360	43,720
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,720	38,560	36,920	37,720	38,560	36,920
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	94,430	46,695	47,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	12,275	6,235	6,040	13.0	13.4	12.7
0 to 5 years	4,170	2,160	2,010	4.4	4.6	4.2
18 to 64 years	60,295	30,790	29,510	63.9	65.9	61.8
65 years and over	21,855	9,665	12,190	23.1	20.7	25.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	15,255	7,305	7,950	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,550	740	815	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	530	250	280	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	9,000	4,715	4,280	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,705	1,850	2,855	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.2	15.6	16.7	16.2	15.6	16.7
0 to 17 years (%)	12.7	11.9	13.4	12.7	11.9	13.4
0 to 5 years (%)	12.8	11.7	13.9	12.8	11.7	13.9
18 to 64 years (%)	14.9	15.3	14.5	14.9	15.3	14.5
65 years and over (%)	21.5	19.1	23.4	21.5	19.1	23.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	94,435	46,690	47,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	12,280	6,235	6,040	13.0	13.4	12.7
0 to 5 years	4,165	2,155	2,005	4.4	4.6	4.2
18 to 64 years	60,295	30,785	29,505	63.8	65.9	61.8
65 years and over	21,855	9,670	12,190	23.1	20.7	25.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	9,610	4,950	4,660	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	790	365	425	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	250	120	130	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,855	3,730	3,125	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,970	855	1,115	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.2	10.6	9.8	10.2	10.6	9.8
0 to 17 years (%)	6.4	5.9	7.0	6.4	5.9	7.0
0 to 5 years (%)	6.0	5.5	6.4	6.0	5.5	6.4
18 to 64 years (%)	11.4	12.1	10.6	11.4	12.1	10.6
65 years and over (%)	9.0	8.8	9.1	9.0	8.8	9.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	94,430	46,695	47,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	58,655	28,460	30,200	62.1	60.9	63.3
In bottom decile	13,845	6,825	7,020	14.7	14.6	14.7
In second decile	11,880	5,535	6,345	12.6	11.9	13.3
In third decile	11,615	5,655	5,960	12.3	12.1	12.5
In fourth decile	11,325	5,510	5,815	12.0	11.8	12.2
In fifth decile	9,995	4,940	5,050	10.6	10.6	10.6
In top half of the distribution	35,775	18,230	17,540	37.9	39.0	36.7
In sixth decile	9,045	4,560	4,490	9.6	9.8	9.4
In seventh decile	8,375	4,225	4,150	8.9	9.0	8.7
In eighth decile	7,680	3,880	3,800	8.1	8.3	8.0
In ninth decile	5,730	2,965	2,765	6.1	6.3	5.8
In top decile	4,940	2,600	2,340	5.2	5.6	4.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	94,435	...	...	94,435	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.338	...	...	0.338	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.467	...	...	0.467	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.291	...	...	0.291	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	96,460	47,310	49,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	595	320	275	0.6	0.7	0.6
French only	47,620	21,325	26,300	49.4	45.1	53.5
English and French	47,725	25,460	22,270	49.5	53.8	45.3
Neither English nor French	515	210	305	0.5	0.4	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	96,460	47,310	49,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,545	1,345	1,195	2.6	2.8	2.4
French	91,720	44,860	46,855	95.1	94.8	95.3
English and French	1,710	910	805	1.8	1.9	1.6
Neither English nor French	485	195	295	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	96,460	47,310	49,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	94,400	46,230	48,175	97.9	97.7	98.0
Official languages	87,350	42,755	44,595	90.6	90.4	90.7
English	1,850	990	855	1.9	2.1	1.7
French	85,505	41,765	43,735	88.6	88.3	89.0
Non-official languages	7,045	3,470	3,580	7.3	7.3	7.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,995	3,445	3,545	7.3	7.3	7.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,280	715	560	1.3	1.5	1.1
Berber languages	175	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	110	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chadic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,075	595	480	1.1	1.3	1.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,065	590	470	1.1	1.2	1.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	270	120	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	150	65	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Haitian Creole	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,810	1,855	1,955	3.9	3.9	4.0
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	415	185	230	0.4	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	415	185	230	0.4	0.4	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	145	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	565	270	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	360	175	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	185	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,630	1,290	1,340	2.7	2.7	2.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	150	95	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	455	235	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,900	910	990	2.0	1.9	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	835	410	425	0.9	0.9	0.9
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	180	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	255	115	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Wojenaka	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Wolof	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	265	120	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	230	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	160	70	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,060	1,085	980	2.1	2.3	2.0
English and French	945	510	435	1.0	1.1	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	870	435	430	0.9	0.9	0.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	96,460	47,310	49,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	990	520	470	1.0	1.1	1.0
French	82,950	40,385	42,560	86.0	85.4	86.6
Non-official language	2,010	995	1,020	2.1	2.1	2.1
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,990	985	1,005	2.1	2.1	2.0
English and French	4,925	2,710	2,215	5.1	5.7	4.5
English and non-official language(s)	260	130	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	3,720	1,760	1,960	3.9	3.7	4.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,450	735	715	1.5	1.6	1.5
Multiple non-official languages	150	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	96,460	47,310	49,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	94,165	46,140	48,020	97.6	97.5	97.7
Official languages	90,385	44,305	46,080	93.7	93.6	93.8
English	1,765	935	825	1.8	2.0	1.7
French	88,630	43,370	45,255	91.9	91.7	92.1
Non-official languages	3,780	1,830	1,940	3.9	3.9	3.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,745	1,820	1,925	3.9	3.8	3.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	545	280	270	0.6	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	445	225	220	0.5	0.5	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	435	225	215	0.5	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	50	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,215	1,060	1,160	2.3	2.2	2.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	420	205	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	295	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	115	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,565	745	815	1.6	1.6	1.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	300	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,155	545	615	1.2	1.2	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	365	185	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	30	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	145	70	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Wojenaka	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	160	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,295	1,170	1,125	2.4	2.5	2.3
English and French	1,040	555	485	1.1	1.2	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,005	485	515	1.0	1.0	1.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	170	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	96,460	47,310	49,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	87,895	42,895	45,005	91.1	90.7	91.6
English	3,650	2,015	1,635	3.8	4.3	3.3
French	1,735	855	880	1.8	1.8	1.8
Non-official language	1,905	915	990	2.0	1.9	2.0
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,885	900	980	2.0	1.9	2.0
English and French	255	125	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	640	315	330	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	185	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	94,460	46,740	47,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	93,955	46,550	47,405	99.5	99.6	99.3
English	47,970	25,665	22,310	50.8	54.9	46.8
French	93,280	46,230	47,050	98.8	98.9	98.6
Non-official languages	15,640	7,425	8,215	16.6	15.9	17.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	155	60	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Atikamekw	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	15,500	7,375	8,125	16.4	15.8	17.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,780	995	790	1.9	2.1	1.7
Berber languages	155	100	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kabyle	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chadic languages	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hausa	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,675	925	750	1.8	2.0	1.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,635	905	730	1.7	1.9	1.5
Aramaic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	295	140	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	215	85	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Merina	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	330	145	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
Haitian Creole	180	70	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dravidian languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,010	5,175	5,835	11.7	11.1	12.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	715	340	370	0.8	0.7	0.8
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	715	340	370	0.8	0.7	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	345	160	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	195	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,105	555	555	1.2	1.2	1.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	945	470	475	1.0	1.0	1.0
German	940	465	470	1.0	1.0	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	940	455	485	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	675	340	335	0.7	0.7	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	220	135	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	245	105	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	290	125	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	280	125	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	200	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	8,820	4,090	4,730	9.3	8.8	9.9
Catalan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	875	505	375	0.9	1.1	0.8
Portuguese	765	410	355	0.8	0.9	0.7
Romanian	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	7,685	3,455	4,235	8.1	7.4	8.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	225	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,455	710	745	1.5	1.5	1.6
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	110	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	170	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lingala	115	75	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Luba-Kasai	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	255	125	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	490	225	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Wojenaka	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wolof	180	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Yoruba	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	360	180	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nilo-Saharan languages	45	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	45	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	480	230	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	410	200	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	325	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Thai	70	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	94,460	46,740	47,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,565	745	820	1.7	1.6	1.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,440	700	740	1.5	1.5	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	935	445	485	1.0	1.0	1.0
Métis	465	235	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	92,895	45,990	46,905	98.3	98.4	98.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	94,460	46,740	47,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	475	220	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	93,990	46,520	47,470	99.5	99.5	99.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	54,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	18,525	...	...	33.8	...	...
Renter	36,240	...	...	66.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	54,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	12,730	...	...	23.2	...	...
Not condominium	42,040	...	...	76.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	54,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	1,625	...	...	3.0	...	...
1 bedroom	20,050	...	...	36.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	19,575	...	...	35.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	10,030	...	...	18.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,485	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	54,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	34,130	...	...	62.3	...	...
5 rooms	9,100	...	...	16.6	...	...
6 rooms	4,275	...	...	7.8	...	...
7 rooms	2,795	...	...	5.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,465	...	...	8.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.4	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	54,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	54,405	...	...	99.3	...	...
More than one person per room	365	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	54,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	53,540	...	...	97.8	...	...
Not suitable	1,225	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	54,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	21,155	...	...	38.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,105	...	...	25.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,915	...	...	12.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,440	...	...	8.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,950	...	...	3.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,755	...	...	3.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,790	...	...	3.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,655	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	54,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	51,105	...	...	93.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,665	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	54,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	36,395	...	...	66.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	17,445	...	...	31.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	930	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	54,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,840	...	...	5.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	10,995	...	...	20.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,450	...	...	15.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,550	...	...	12.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,405	...	...	17.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,545	...	...	17.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,150	...	...	9.4	...	...
85 years and over	1,835	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	54,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	43,530	...	...	79.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,975	...	...	20.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	10,015	...	...	18.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	54,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,920	...	...	27.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,125	...	...	18.5	...	...
Not suitable only	980	...	...	1.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,880	...	...	5.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	155	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	690	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	39,845	...	...	72.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	53,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,030	...	...	7.5	...	...
Not in core need	49,510	...	...	92.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	18,530	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.6	...	...	59.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.3	...	...	12.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,130	...	...	1,130	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,241	...	...	1,241	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	337,200	...	...	337,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	36,240	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.6	...	...	13.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.2	...	...	24.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.4	...	...	10.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	810	...	...	810	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	884	...	...	884	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	94,465	46,735	47,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,250	580	665	1.3	1.2	1.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,230	580	645	1.3	1.2	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,110	540	575	1.2	1.2	1.2
Métis single ancestry	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,445	1,145	1,300	2.6	2.4	2.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,410	1,125	1,280	2.6	2.4	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,245	1,020	1,220	2.4	2.2	2.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	140	90	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	90,770	45,010	45,760	96.1	96.3	95.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	94,465	46,735	47,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	86,945	42,935	44,010	92.0	91.9	92.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	11,120	5,690	5,430	11.8	12.2	11.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	75,820	37,245	38,575	80.3	79.7	80.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	7,515	3,805	3,715	8.0	8.1	7.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	94,465	46,735	47,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	81,225	40,075	41,155	86.0	85.7	86.2
Immigrants⁸¹	9,420	4,635	4,780	10.0	9.9	10.0
Before 1980	735	415	315	0.8	0.9	0.7
1980 to 1990	555	305	245	0.6	0.7	0.5
1991 to 2000	980	520	460	1.0	1.1	1.0
2001 to 2010	2,670	1,210	1,465	2.8	2.6	3.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,480	2,185	2,295	4.7	4.7	4.8
2011 to 2015	1,825	910	925	1.9	1.9	1.9
2016 to 2021	2,650	1,285	1,375	2.8	2.7	2.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,820	2,035	1,790	4.0	4.4	3.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	9,415	4,635	4,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,075	525	545	11.4	11.3	11.4
5 to 14 years	1,520	695	830	16.1	15.0	17.4
15 to 24 years	1,415	675	745	15.0	14.6	15.6
25 to 44 years	4,715	2,420	2,295	50.1	52.2	48.0
45 years and over	685	325	365	7.3	7.0	7.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	9,415	4,635	4,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,940	945	990	20.6	20.4	20.7
Brazil	175	75	100	1.9	1.6	2.1
Colombia	610	280	330	6.5	6.0	6.9
El Salvador	100	60	45	1.1	1.3	0.9
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	130	55	75	1.4	1.2	1.6
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mexico	205	110	95	2.2	2.4	2.0
Peru	55	30	30	0.6	0.6	0.6
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	270	125	145	2.9	2.7	3.0
Other places of birth in Americas	375	205	170	4.0	4.4	3.6
Europe	2,995	1,610	1,390	31.8	34.7	29.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	120	70	45	1.3	1.5	0.9
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	1,965	1,025	935	20.9	22.1	19.6
Germany	80	45	35	0.8	1.0	0.7
Greece	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	75	60	20	0.8	1.3	0.4
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	30	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Portugal	20	20	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Romania	110	60	55	1.2	1.3	1.2
Russian Federation	75	50	25	0.8	1.1	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	30	0	25	0.3	0.0	0.5
Ukraine	70	10	65	0.7	0.2	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	80	55	25	0.8	1.2	0.5
Other places of birth in Europe	315	185	130	3.3	4.0	2.7
Africa	3,025	1,430	1,600	32.1	30.9	33.5
Algeria	275	145	130	2.9	3.1	2.7
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	355	140	215	3.8	3.0	4.5
Egypt	35	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
Eritrea	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	365	170	195	3.9	3.7	4.1
Nigeria	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,945	940	1,010	20.7	20.3	21.1
Asia	1,450	645	805	15.4	13.9	16.8
Afghanistan	65	30	35	0.7	0.6	0.7
Iran⁸⁸	60	15	45	0.6	0.3	0.9
Iraq	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	35	25	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	80	45	35	0.8	1.0	0.7
Turkey	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	145	35	110	1.5	0.8	2.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	10	0.3	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Philippines	70	25	45	0.7	0.5	0.9
Viet Nam	115	40	70	1.2	0.9	1.5
Bangladesh	145	65	80	1.5	1.4	1.7
India	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Pakistan	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Sri Lanka	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	615	305	315	6.5	6.6	6.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,650	1,280	1,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	360	175	185	13.6	13.7	13.5
Brazil	65	20	45	2.5	1.6	3.3
Colombia	90	35	50	3.4	2.7	3.6
Haiti	15	10	0	0.6	0.8	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	35	20	15	1.3	1.6	1.1
United States of America	50	15	35	1.9	1.2	2.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	100	70	35	3.8	5.5	2.6
Europe	690	360	330	26.0	28.1	24.1
France	565	285	275	21.3	22.3	20.1
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	20	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	0	25	0.9	0.0	1.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	20	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	50	30	25	1.9	2.3	1.8
Africa	1,215	580	640	45.8	45.3	46.7
Algeria	45	30	20	1.7	2.3	1.5
Burundi	60	35	20	2.3	2.7	1.5
Cameroon	180	90	85	6.8	7.0	6.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	160	55	105	6.0	4.3	7.7
Côte d'Ivoire	225	110	120	8.5	8.6	8.8
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	65	30	30	2.5	2.3	2.2
Nigeria	30	10	20	1.1	0.8	1.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	130	55	75	4.9	4.3	5.5
Other places of birth in Africa	310	160	150	11.7	12.5	10.9
Asia	385	160	220	14.5	12.5	16.1
Afghanistan	30	10	15	1.1	0.8	1.1
Bangladesh	20	0	15	0.8	0.0	1.1
China⁹⁰	25	15	15	0.9	1.2	1.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	15	0.8	0.8	1.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	45	25	20	1.7	2.0	1.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	65	35	30	2.5	2.7	2.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	20	0	20	0.8	0.0	1.5
Other places of birth in Asia	110	40	70	4.2	3.1	5.1
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	94,460	46,740	47,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	14,090	7,000	7,090	14.9	15.0	14.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,895	2,970	2,920	6.2	6.4	6.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	74,475	36,765	37,710	78.8	78.7	79.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	8,685	4,225	4,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,335	2,260	2,080	49.9	53.5	46.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,445	1,500	950	28.2	35.5	21.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,890	760	1,130	21.8	18.0	25.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,920	790	1,130	22.1	18.7	25.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,380	1,160	1,220	27.4	27.5	27.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	45	10	35	0.5	0.2	0.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	8,685	4,225	4,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	170	95	80	2.0	2.2	1.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	980	495	485	11.3	11.7	10.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	275	140	130	3.2	3.3	2.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	815	445	370	9.4	10.5	8.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	60	40	20	0.7	0.9	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	6,385	3,010	3,375	73.5	71.2	75.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	94,460	46,740	47,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	10,050	4,850	5,200	10.6	10.4	10.9
South Asian	675	370	300	0.7	0.8	0.6
Chinese	505	125	385	0.5	0.3	0.8
Black	3,895	1,910	1,990	4.1	4.1	4.2
Filipino	160	65	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Arab	1,410	765	645	1.5	1.6	1.4
Latin American	1,890	930	965	2.0	2.0	2.0
Southeast Asian	745	335	405	0.8	0.7	0.8
West Asian	285	125	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	105	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	84,410	41,885	42,525	89.4	89.6	89.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	94,465	46,740	47,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	27,240	13,105	14,135	28.8	28.0	29.6
English	1,720	815	900	1.8	1.7	1.9
Irish	5,195	2,565	2,630	5.5	5.5	5.5
Scottish	1,965	920	1,040	2.1	2.0	2.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	30,645	15,650	15,000	32.4	33.5	31.4
German	1,360	660	700	1.4	1.4	1.5
Chinese	585	180	405	0.6	0.4	0.8
Italian	1,650	885	765	1.7	1.9	1.6
Indian (India)	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	270	130	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	185	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Polish	430	220	210	0.5	0.5	0.4
Québécois	11,660	5,780	5,870	12.3	12.4	12.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	380	190	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Filipino	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	7,805	3,800	4,010	8.3	8.1	8.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,140	1,045	1,095	2.3	2.2	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,770	790	980	1.9	1.7	2.1
Métis	295	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,620	875	745	1.7	1.9	1.6
Russian	215	120	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Norwegian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	380	215	160	0.4	0.5	0.3
American	415	235	175	0.4	0.5	0.4
Spanish	1,015	450	570	1.1	1.0	1.2
Swedish	85	65	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	1,100	550	550	1.2	1.2	1.2
Pakistani	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	800	420	380	0.8	0.9	0.8
Jewish	135	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	325	165	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	680	375	305	0.7	0.8	0.6
Greek	175	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	150	65	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	155	65	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lebanese	165	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian	185	75	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	525	265	265	0.6	0.6	0.6
Danish	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	245	145	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	105	80	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
Belgian	780	380	400	0.8	0.8	0.8
Haitian	310	105	205	0.3	0.2	0.4
Hindu	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	450	215	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	405	185	215	0.4	0.4	0.5
Finnish	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	240	90	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Muslim	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	275	140	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	765	385	385	0.8	0.8	0.8
Moroccan	340	155	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Czech	75	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	100	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algerian	325	165	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Brazilian	295	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	45	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	150	60	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	135	75	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Congolese	440	225	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	200	125	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	130	80	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bulgarian	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	405	205	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	160	105	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	330	150	180	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	290	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guatemalan	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Franco Ontarian	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Argentinian	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	295	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	235	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	245	115	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	355	160	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burundian	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Honduran	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	195	75	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	80	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	250	110	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	65	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bamileke	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	210	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Beninese	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	94,460	46,740	47,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	470	220	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Christian	55,320	25,810	29,510	58.6	55.2	61.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,665	2,335	2,325	4.9	5.0	4.9
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	185	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baptist	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catholic	48,475	22,495	25,980	51.3	48.1	54.4
Christian Orthodox	430	180	250	0.5	0.4	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	225	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	275	105	170	0.3	0.2	0.4
Presbyterian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Church	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	770	345	425	0.8	0.7	0.9
Hindu	225	130	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jewish	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	2,800	1,420	1,380	3.0	3.0	2.9
Sikh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	390	205	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	35,120	18,870	16,250	37.2	40.4	34.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	93,775	46,395	47,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	77,580	38,340	39,235	82.7	82.6	82.8
Movers	16,200	8,050	8,145	17.3	17.4	17.2
Non-migrants	12,015	6,075	5,945	12.8	13.1	12.5
Migrants	4,180	1,980	2,200	4.5	4.3	4.6
Internal migrants	3,070	1,470	1,605	3.3	3.2	3.4
Intraprovincial migrants	2,770	1,335	1,440	3.0	2.9	3.0
Interprovincial migrants	300	130	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	1,110	515	595	1.2	1.1	1.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	91,115	45,005	46,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	46,155	22,270	23,885	50.7	49.5	51.8
Movers	44,960	22,735	22,230	49.3	50.5	48.2
Non-migrants	27,230	13,855	13,375	29.9	30.8	29.0
Migrants	17,725	8,880	8,855	19.5	19.7	19.2
Internal migrants	12,680	6,250	6,425	13.9	13.9	13.9
Intraprovincial migrants	11,830	5,850	5,980	13.0	13.0	13.0
Interprovincial migrants	845	395	445	0.9	0.9	1.0
External migrants	5,055	2,625	2,425	5.5	5.8	5.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	84,020	41,435	42,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,900	6,265	5,640	14.2	15.1	13.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	72,120	35,175	36,950	85.8	84.9	86.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,840	27,190	25,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,165	3,130	2,035	9.8	11.5	7.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	47,675	24,055	23,615	90.2	88.5	92.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	84,020	41,435	42,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,690	5,395	5,290	12.7	13.0	12.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,395	7,420	7,975	18.3	17.9	18.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	57,935	28,620	29,325	69.0	69.1	68.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,620	13,945	13,675	32.9	33.7	32.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,675	5,910	3,765	11.5	14.3	8.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,020	3,885	3,135	8.4	9.4	7.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,655	2,025	630	3.2	4.9	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,530	6,685	7,845	17.3	16.1	18.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,415	1,350	2,065	4.1	3.3	4.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	30,320	14,675	15,650	36.1	35.4	36.8
Bachelor's degree	15,945	7,645	8,295	19.0	18.5	19.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,355	1,135	1,220	2.8	2.7	2.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	955	440	525	1.1	1.1	1.2
Master's degree	8,975	4,365	4,605	10.7	10.5	10.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,090	1,085	1,005	2.5	2.6	2.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,840	27,185	25,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,315	2,545	1,770	8.2	9.4	6.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,290	4,020	3,265	13.8	14.8	12.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,235	20,625	20,615	78.0	75.9	80.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,620	9,820	8,800	35.2	36.1	34.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,110	4,315	2,790	13.5	15.9	10.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,165	2,805	2,360	9.8	10.3	9.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,945	1,510	435	3.7	5.6	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,465	4,595	4,875	17.9	16.9	19.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,040	910	1,130	3.9	3.3	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	22,620	10,805	11,815	42.8	39.7	46.1
Bachelor's degree	11,445	5,560	5,885	21.7	20.5	22.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,635	765	870	3.1	2.8	3.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	735	280	460	1.4	1.0	1.8
Master's degree	7,180	3,390	3,785	13.6	12.5	14.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,625	805	815	3.1	3.0	3.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	84,020	41,435	42,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	26,080	12,820	13,260	31.0	30.9	31.1
Education	3,880	1,150	2,730	4.6	2.8	6.4
13. Education	3,880	1,150	2,730	4.6	2.8	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,130	2,055	2,075	4.9	5.0	4.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	640	445	195	0.8	1.1	0.5
50. Visual and performing arts	3,490	1,610	1,880	4.2	3.9	4.4
Humanities	4,805	2,155	2,650	5.7	5.2	6.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	810	240	570	1.0	0.6	1.3
23. English language and literature/letters	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,750	865	880	2.1	2.1	2.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	445	290	155	0.5	0.7	0.4
39. Theology and religious vocations	205	125	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	500	285	215	0.6	0.7	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	905	255	650	1.1	0.6	1.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,440	3,610	4,830	10.0	8.7	11.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,255	445	820	1.5	1.1	1.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	865	170	700	1.0	0.4	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	1,755	815	940	2.1	2.0	2.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	320	105	215	0.4	0.3	0.5
42. Psychology	1,195	355	835	1.4	0.9	2.0
45. Social sciences	2,980	1,710	1,270	3.5	4.1	3.0
Business, management and public administration	11,605	4,965	6,640	13.8	12.0	15.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,150	340	810	1.4	0.8	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,450	4,620	5,830	12.4	11.1	13.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,950	1,475	1,475	3.5	3.6	3.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,255	495	760	1.5	1.2	1.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	305	140	160	0.4	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	535	300	240	0.6	0.7	0.6
40. Physical sciences	775	495	280	0.9	1.2	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,130	2,200	935	3.7	5.3	2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,495	1,905	590	3.0	4.6	1.4
25. Library science	300	80	215	0.4	0.2	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	270	165	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	65	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,205	7,035	1,170	9.8	17.0	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	805	465	345	1.0	1.1	0.8
14. Engineering	2,310	1,880	430	2.7	4.5	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,510	1,305	205	1.8	3.1	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,590	1,515	75	1.9	3.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,130	1,060	70	1.3	2.6	0.2
48. Precision production	850	805	45	1.0	1.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,285	690	590	1.5	1.7	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	655	300	365	0.8	0.7	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	625	400	225	0.7	1.0	0.5
Health and related fields	6,360	1,485	4,875	7.6	3.6	11.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	355	190	165	0.4	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,540	1,065	4,475	6.6	2.6	10.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	465	235	225	0.6	0.6	0.5
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,095	1,780	1,320	3.7	4.3	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,010	900	1,110	2.4	2.2	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	495	330	165	0.6	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	565	530	40	0.7	1.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	52,840	27,190	25,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,600	6,560	5,040	22.0	24.1	19.6
Education	2,290	630	1,660	4.3	2.3	6.5
13. Education	2,290	630	1,660	4.3	2.3	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,100	1,570	1,530	5.9	5.8	6.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	515	370	145	1.0	1.4	0.6
50. Visual and performing arts	2,585	1,205	1,385	4.9	4.4	5.4
Humanities	2,790	1,230	1,560	5.3	4.5	6.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	530	135	395	1.0	0.5	1.5
23. English language and literature/letters	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	925	490	435	1.8	1.8	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	280	180	100	0.5	0.7	0.4
39. Theology and religious vocations	90	65	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	320	175	145	0.6	0.6	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	520	125	390	1.0	0.5	1.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,055	2,500	3,560	11.5	9.2	13.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	990	340	655	1.9	1.3	2.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	655	125	530	1.2	0.5	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	1,240	540	695	2.3	2.0	2.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	220	75	150	0.4	0.3	0.6
42. Psychology	850	235	610	1.6	0.9	2.4
45. Social sciences	2,055	1,175	880	3.9	4.3	3.4
Business, management and public administration	8,510	3,675	4,840	16.1	13.5	18.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	815	240	575	1.5	0.9	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,695	3,430	4,265	14.6	12.6	16.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,060	1,020	1,040	3.9	3.8	4.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,055	435	625	2.0	1.6	2.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	140	70	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	160	80	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
40. Physical sciences	650	400	250	1.2	1.5	1.0
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,530	1,860	670	4.8	6.8	2.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,140	1,680	460	4.0	6.2	1.8
25. Library science	185	50	135	0.4	0.2	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	150	90	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,140	5,150	990	11.6	18.9	3.9
04. Architecture and related services	605	330	275	1.1	1.2	1.1
14. Engineering	1,885	1,500	385	3.6	5.5	1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,025	865	165	1.9	3.2	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,170	1,100	70	2.2	4.0	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	780	735	45	1.5	2.7	0.2
48. Precision production	660	615	45	1.2	2.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,010	550	465	1.9	2.0	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	510	225	290	1.0	0.8	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	500	325	175	0.9	1.2	0.7
Health and related fields	4,315	1,090	3,230	8.2	4.0	12.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	255	135	120	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,750	830	2,915	7.1	3.1	11.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	310	120	185	0.6	0.4	0.7
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,395	1,345	1,045	4.5	4.9	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,625	735	890	3.1	2.7	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	345	220	125	0.7	0.8	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	405	375	30	0.8	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	40	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	52,840	27,190	25,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,600	6,560	5,040	22.0	24.1	19.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	41,240	20,620	20,615	78.0	75.8	80.4
Location of study inside Canada	36,145	17,920	18,225	68.4	65.9	71.0
Same as province or territory of residence	35,270	17,455	17,820	66.7	64.2	69.5
Different than province or territory of residence	875	470	400	1.7	1.7	1.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	5,095	2,700	2,390	9.6	9.9	9.3
Americas	1,005	525	480	1.9	1.9	1.9
United States of America	250	145	100	0.5	0.5	0.4
Mexico	135	65	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cuba	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	205	90	115	0.4	0.3	0.4
Colombia	200	115	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Peru	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	125	50	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Europe	2,680	1,445	1,240	5.1	5.3	4.8
Belgium	100	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	2,085	1,120	965	3.9	4.1	3.8
Germany	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	85	35	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	115	80	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italy	45	40	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	940	520	420	1.8	1.9	1.6
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	135	80	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tunisia	230	130	100	0.4	0.5	0.4
Egypt	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	435	235	195	0.8	0.9	0.8
Asia	440	205	235	0.8	0.8	0.9
Iran⁸⁸	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	70	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	84,020	41,435	42,585	...	...	...
In the labour force	53,270	27,850	25,420	...	...	...
Employed	48,495	25,300	23,195	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,780	2,555	2,225	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	30,745	13,585	17,165	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.4	67.2	59.7	63.4	67.2	59.7
Employment rate	57.7	61.1	54.5	57.7	61.1	54.5
Unemployment rate	9.0	9.2	8.8	9.0	9.2	8.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	84,020	41,435	42,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	29,885	13,210	16,670	35.6	31.9	39.1
Worked	54,135	28,225	25,910	64.4	68.1	60.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	27,465	14,915	12,545	32.7	36.0	29.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,670	13,305	13,365	31.7	32.1	31.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	41.4	40.6	41.0	41.4	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	53,270	27,855	25,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,065	490	575	2.0	1.8	2.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	52,205	27,360	24,850	98.0	98.2	97.8
Employee	46,985	24,370	22,615	88.2	87.5	89.0
Permanent position	37,205	19,780	17,425	69.8	71.0	68.5
Temporary position	9,775	4,590	5,185	18.3	16.5	20.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	4,415	2,005	2,415	8.3	7.2	9.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,355	2,585	2,770	10.1	9.3	10.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,220	2,990	2,230	9.8	10.7	8.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	53,270	27,855	25,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,065	490	575	2.0	1.8	2.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	52,205	27,360	24,850	98.0	98.2	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	755	540	210	1.4	1.9	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,440	3,860	5,575	17.7	13.9	21.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,285	4,565	1,715	11.8	16.4	6.7
3 Health occupations	4,570	1,185	3,390	8.6	4.3	13.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,765	3,510	5,255	16.5	12.6	20.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,970	1,515	1,455	5.6	5.4	5.7
6 Sales and service occupations	12,985	6,665	6,320	24.4	23.9	24.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,880	4,380	500	9.2	15.7	2.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	360	255	100	0.7	0.9	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,210	880	330	2.3	3.2	1.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	53,270	27,855	25,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,065	490	575	2.0	1.8	2.3
All industries¹⁹¹	52,205	27,360	24,850	98.0	98.2	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	320	145	175	0.6	0.5	0.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	110	90	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
22 Utilities	155	110	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
23 Construction	1,780	1,495	285	3.3	5.4	1.1
31-33 Manufacturing	2,900	2,015	880	5.4	7.2	3.5
41 Wholesale trade	1,170	875	295	2.2	3.1	1.2
44-45 Retail trade	5,285	2,760	2,525	9.9	9.9	9.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,505	1,220	285	2.8	4.4	1.1
51 Information and cultural industries	1,235	785	450	2.3	2.8	1.8
52 Finance and insurance	2,020	1,055	970	3.8	3.8	3.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	820	500	320	1.5	1.8	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,875	3,585	2,285	11.0	12.9	9.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,290	1,485	805	4.3	5.3	3.2
61 Educational services	4,945	2,070	2,875	9.3	7.4	11.3
62 Health care and social assistance	7,580	2,085	5,495	14.2	7.5	21.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,355	735	620	2.5	2.6	2.4
72 Accommodation and food services	3,880	2,085	1,800	7.3	7.5	7.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,370	1,035	1,340	4.4	3.7	5.3
91 Public administration	6,570	3,200	3,375	12.3	11.5	13.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	57,300	29,875	27,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	950	540	410	1.7	1.8	1.5
French	44,355	22,380	21,975	77.4	74.9	80.1
Non-official language	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	11,205	6,595	4,605	19.6	22.1	16.8
English and non-official language(s)	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	285	135	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	410	180	230	0.7	0.6	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	57,300	29,875	27,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	55,770	28,935	26,840	97.3	96.9	97.9
Official languages	55,660	28,900	26,760	97.1	96.7	97.6
English	2,365	1,370	1,000	4.1	4.6	3.6
French	53,295	27,530	25,760	93.0	92.2	93.9
Non-official languages	115	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	115	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,525	945	585	2.7	3.2	2.1
English and French	1,375	845	530	2.4	2.8	1.9
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	100	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	57,300	29,875	27,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	46,805	23,845	22,960	81.7	79.8	83.7
English	8,535	4,975	3,560	14.9	16.7	13.0
French	1,395	805	585	2.4	2.7	2.1
Non-official language	245	125	125	0.4	0.4	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	240	125	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	270	115	155	0.5	0.4	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	48,495	25,300	23,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	14,780	7,725	7,055	30.5	30.5	30.4
Worked outside Canada	115	85	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	3,910	2,790	1,115	8.1	11.0	4.8
Usual place of work	29,695	14,700	14,995	61.2	58.1	64.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	29,695	14,705	14,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	26,365	12,700	13,665	88.8	86.4	91.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,010	540	470	3.4	3.7	3.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,280	1,430	850	7.7	9.7	5.7
Commute to a different province or territory	45	35	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	33,600	17,490	16,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	20,515	11,280	9,235	61.1	64.5	57.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	19,085	10,730	8,355	56.8	61.3	51.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,425	545	880	4.2	3.1	5.5
Public transit	5,430	2,360	3,075	16.2	13.5	19.1
Walked	6,065	2,855	3,205	18.1	16.3	19.9
Bicycle	995	635	360	3.0	3.6	2.2
Other method	595	360	235	1.8	2.1	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	33,600	17,490	16,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	12,515	6,515	5,995	37.2	37.2	37.2
15 to 29 minutes	15,445	8,005	7,435	46.0	45.8	46.2
30 to 44 minutes	3,765	1,960	1,805	11.2	11.2	11.2
45 to 59 minutes	1,075	530	550	3.2	3.0	3.4
60 minutes and over	800	475	325	2.4	2.7	2.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	33,600	17,490	16,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,180	785	400	3.5	4.5	2.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,455	2,855	1,600	13.3	16.3	9.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,790	5,350	5,445	32.1	30.6	33.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,425	3,885	4,540	25.1	22.2	28.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,795	1,805	1,995	11.3	10.3	12.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,955	2,815	2,140	14.7	16.1	13.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	12,540	6,375	6,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,175	580	600	9.4	9.1	9.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,360	5,795	5,565	90.6	90.9	90.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	8,850	4,450	4,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	910	445	465	10.3	10.0	10.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	700	340	355	7.9	7.6	8.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	215	100	115	2.4	2.2	2.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,930	4,000	3,935	89.6	89.9	89.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table