Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Québec CentreMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	103,980	50,525	53,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11,255	5,720	5,535	10.8	11.3	10.4
0 to 4 years	3,665	1,905	1,760	3.5	3.8	3.3
5 to 9 years	3,830	1,940	1,890	3.7	3.8	3.5
10 to 14 years	3,760	1,875	1,885	3.6	3.7	3.5
15 to 64 years	65,705	33,580	32,125	63.2	66.5	60.1
15 to 19 years	3,480	1,730	1,750	3.3	3.4	3.3
20 to 24 years	6,425	3,060	3,365	6.2	6.1	6.3
25 to 29 years	9,970	5,120	4,850	9.6	10.1	9.1
30 to 34 years	8,175	4,290	3,885	7.9	8.5	7.3
35 to 39 years	6,790	3,610	3,175	6.5	7.1	5.9
40 to 44 years	6,620	3,440	3,175	6.4	6.8	5.9
45 to 49 years	5,125	2,685	2,450	4.9	5.3	4.6
50 to 54 years	5,170	2,660	2,510	5.0	5.3	4.7
55 to 59 years	6,530	3,375	3,155	6.3	6.7	5.9
60 to 64 years	7,425	3,615	3,815	7.1	7.2	7.1
65 years and over	27,020	11,220	15,795	26.0	22.2	29.5
65 to 69 years	7,530	3,535	3,995	7.2	7.0	7.5
70 to 74 years	6,720	3,135	3,585	6.5	6.2	6.7
75 to 79 years	5,140	2,190	2,950	4.9	4.3	5.5
80 to 84 years	3,270	1,265	2,000	3.1	2.5	3.7
85 years and over	4,365	1,095	3,265	4.2	2.2	6.1
85 to 89 years	2,465	735	1,730	2.4	1.5	3.2
90 to 94 years	1,490	285	1,195	1.4	0.6	2.2
95 to 99 years	365	65	300	0.4	0.1	0.6
100 years and over	45	5	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	10.8	11.3	10.4	10.8	11.3	10.4
15 to 64 years	63.2	66.5	60.1	63.2	66.5	60.1
65 years and over	26.0	22.2	29.5	26.0	22.2	29.5
85 years and over	4.2	2.2	6.1	4.2	2.2	6.1
Average age of the population	45.9	44.1	47.7	45.9	44.1	47.7
Median age of the population	44.4	42.4	46.8	44.4	42.4	46.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	57,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	5,200	...	...	9.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,780	...	...	3.1	...	...
Row house	1,230	...	...	2.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,875	...	...	6.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	34,875	...	...	61.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	9,590	...	...	16.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	600	...	...	1.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	57,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	30,155	...	...	52.8	...	...
2 persons	18,095	...	...	31.7	...	...
3 persons	4,470	...	...	7.8	...	...
4 persons	3,115	...	...	5.4	...	...
5 or more persons	1,330	...	...	2.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	99,435	49,020	50,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	92,720	44,800	47,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	42,565	21,440	21,125	45.9	47.9	44.1
Married	19,675	9,800	9,875	21.2	21.9	20.6
Living common-law	22,890	11,645	11,250	24.7	26.0	23.5
Living common law - Never married	19,290	9,725	9,560	20.8	21.7	19.9
Living common law - Separated	215	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	3,020	1,630	1,385	3.3	3.6	2.9
Living common law - Widowed	375	170	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	50,155	23,355	26,800	54.1	52.1	55.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	35,755	18,870	16,880	38.6	42.1	35.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,365	620	740	1.5	1.4	1.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,505	2,800	4,705	8.1	6.3	9.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,540	1,065	4,470	6.0	2.4	9.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	24,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,340	...	...	67.2	...	...
3 persons	3,855	...	...	15.9	...	...
4 persons	2,950	...	...	12.1	...	...
5 or more persons	1,175	...	...	4.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	24,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	20,530	...	...	84.4	...	...
Married couples	9,090	...	...	37.4	...	...
With children⁶	3,105	...	...	12.8	...	...
Without children	5,980	...	...	24.6	...	...
Common-law couples	11,440	...	...	47.0	...	...
With children⁶	3,590	...	...	14.8	...	...
Without children	7,850	...	...	32.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,780	...	...	15.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,810	...	...	11.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	970	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	99,435	49,020	50,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	62,360	30,905	31,455	62.7	63.0	62.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	41,065	20,785	20,280	41.3	42.4	40.2
Parents in one-parent families	3,780	970	2,810	3.8	2.0	5.6
Children⁶	17,515	9,155	8,365	17.6	18.7	16.6
In a two-parent family	12,060	6,225	5,835	12.1	12.7	11.6
In a one-parent family	5,455	2,930	2,525	5.5	6.0	5.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	37,075	18,115	18,955	37.3	37.0	37.6
Living alone	30,155	14,310	15,850	30.3	29.2	31.4
Living with other relatives⁷	1,500	675	825	1.5	1.4	1.6
Living with non-relatives only	5,420	3,135	2,285	5.5	6.4	4.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	57,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	23,470	...	...	41.1	...	...
Couple-family households	19,945	...	...	34.9	...	...
With children⁶	6,480	...	...	11.3	...	...
Without children	13,465	...	...	23.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,525	...	...	6.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	180	...	...	0.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	520	...	...	0.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,800	...	...	4.9	...	...
One-person households	30,160	...	...	52.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	88,210	43,315	44,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,600	42,500	44,100	98.2	98.1	98.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	44,000	38,800	41,200	44,000	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,615	42,510	44,105	98.2	98.1	98.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	38,400	34,800	36,400	38,400	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,475	38,790	39,685	89.0	89.6	88.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,800	30,600	34,800	38,800	30,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,880	31,700	29,175	69.0	73.2	65.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	38,000	33,200	35,600	38,000	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,895	34,370	38,525	82.6	79.3	85.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,500	10,500	12,300	11,500	10,500	12,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,285	4,930	4,360	10.5	11.4	9.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,255	12,825	11,430	27.5	29.6	25.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	88,240	43,350	44,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,685	42,580	44,105	98.2	98.2	98.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,960	55,250	46,760	50,960	55,250	46,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,710	42,590	44,125	98.3	98.2	98.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,640	44,280	39,120	41,640	44,280	39,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,530	38,915	39,615	89.0	89.8	88.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,120	50,520	39,840	45,120	50,520	39,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,940	31,695	29,245	69.1	73.1	65.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,360	48,800	41,680	45,360	48,800	41,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,045	34,565	38,480	82.8	79.7	85.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,930	11,190	12,590	11,930	11,190	12,590
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,380	5,060	4,320	10.6	11.7	9.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,700	5,925	7,610	6,700	5,925	7,610
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,215	12,855	11,360	27.4	29.7	25.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,270	8,220	8,340	8,270	8,220	8,340
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	88,240	43,350	44,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,330	15,225	13,100	32.1	35.1	29.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,000	60,800	54,800	58,000	60,800	54,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,900	71,900	63,300	67,900	71,900	63,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,480	13,125	13,350	30.0	30.3	29.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200	19,600	16,800	18,200	19,600	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,960	29,920	26,000	27,960	29,920	26,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.2	83.6	76.6	80.2	83.6	76.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.6	65.8	59.1	62.6	65.8	59.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.7	16.4	23.5	19.7	16.4	23.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.3	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	5.0	5.5	5.3	5.0	5.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	4.5	4.6	4.5	4.5	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	88,210	43,315	44,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,610	815	795	1.8	1.9	1.8
With total income	86,600	42,500	44,100	98.2	98.1	98.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,560	2,195	2,370	5.3	5.2	5.4
$10,000 to $19,999	9,515	4,280	5,235	11.0	10.1	11.9
$20,000 to $29,999	14,995	6,540	8,465	17.3	15.4	19.2
$30,000 to $39,999	12,585	5,930	6,650	14.5	14.0	15.1
$40,000 to $49,999	11,585	5,580	6,005	13.4	13.1	13.6
$50,000 to $59,999	9,335	4,620	4,710	10.8	10.9	10.7
$60,000 to $69,999	6,540	3,475	3,065	7.6	8.2	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,635	2,480	2,155	5.4	5.8	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,655	1,970	1,685	4.2	4.6	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,525	1,380	1,145	2.9	3.2	2.6
$100,000 and over	6,665	4,045	2,620	7.7	9.5	5.9
$100,000 to $149,999	4,525	2,650	1,875	5.2	6.2	4.3
$150,000 and over	2,140	1,395	740	2.5	3.3	1.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	88,210	43,315	44,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,590	805	785	1.8	1.9	1.7
With after-tax income	86,615	42,510	44,105	98.2	98.1	98.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,960	2,310	2,645	5.7	5.4	6.0
$10,000 to $19,999	10,030	4,530	5,500	11.6	10.7	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	17,890	7,995	9,895	20.7	18.8	22.4
$30,000 to $39,999	15,865	7,620	8,245	18.3	17.9	18.7
$40,000 to $49,999	13,585	6,685	6,900	15.7	15.7	15.6
$50,000 to $59,999	8,820	4,755	4,065	10.2	11.2	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	5,715	2,965	2,750	6.6	7.0	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,620	1,940	1,680	4.2	4.6	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,050	1,145	905	2.4	2.7	2.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,155	695	460	1.3	1.6	1.1
$100,000 and over	2,930	1,875	1,055	3.4	4.4	2.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,495	935	560	1.7	2.2	1.3
$125,000 and over	1,435	940	495	1.7	2.2	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	88,210	43,315	44,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	27,330	11,615	15,715	31.0	26.8	35.0
With employment income	60,880	31,700	29,180	69.0	73.2	65.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,820	4,100	3,720	12.9	12.9	12.8
$5,000 to $9,999	5,055	2,370	2,685	8.3	7.5	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	7,835	3,705	4,125	12.9	11.7	14.2
$20,000 to $29,999	6,305	3,130	3,180	10.4	9.9	10.9
$30,000 to $39,999	6,180	3,175	3,005	10.2	10.0	10.3
$40,000 to $49,999	6,285	3,145	3,140	10.3	9.9	10.8
$50,000 to $59,999	5,190	2,740	2,450	8.5	8.6	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	3,915	2,180	1,740	6.4	6.9	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,075	1,720	1,360	5.1	5.4	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,660	1,465	1,195	4.4	4.6	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,805	1,015	785	3.0	3.2	2.7
$100,000 and over	4,745	2,955	1,790	7.8	9.3	6.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,200	1,340	860	3.6	4.2	2.9
$125,000 and over	2,545	1,615	930	4.2	5.1	3.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	88,210	43,315	44,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,600	41,975	43,625	97.0	96.9	97.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	41,200	35,600	38,400	41,200	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,625	41,975	43,650	97.1	96.9	97.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	36,000	32,000	34,000	36,000	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,550	38,340	39,215	87.9	88.5	87.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,800	31,200	34,800	38,800	31,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,205	31,765	29,445	69.4	73.3	65.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	38,000	32,400	35,200	38,000	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,760	31,640	36,120	76.8	73.0	80.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,750	4,440	8,500	6,750	4,440	8,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,480	3,460	3,025	7.3	8.0	6.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,560	4,360	4,800	4,560	4,360	4,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	88,240	43,350	44,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,815	42,150	43,670	97.3	97.2	97.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,960	52,150	43,880	47,960	52,150	43,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,860	42,150	43,715	97.3	97.2	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,320	42,080	36,680	39,320	42,080	36,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,585	38,405	39,180	87.9	88.6	87.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,360	50,720	40,080	45,360	50,720	40,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,260	31,700	29,565	69.4	73.1	65.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,880	48,640	40,880	44,880	48,640	40,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,880	31,860	36,020	76.9	73.5	80.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,790	7,820	9,650	8,790	7,820	9,650
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,615	3,575	3,045	7.5	8.2	6.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,530	5,545	7,670	6,530	5,545	7,670
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	88,240	43,350	44,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,050	15,060	12,995	31.8	34.7	29.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	56,400	50,400	53,600	56,400	50,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,750	68,200	58,550	63,750	68,200	58,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,175	12,420	12,760	28.5	28.7	28.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,600	24,000	21,400	22,600	24,000	21,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,280	34,480	30,120	32,280	34,480	30,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.4	88.6	81.8	85.4	88.6	81.8
Employment income (%)	66.8	70.2	63.1	66.8	70.2	63.1
Government transfers (%)	14.5	11.3	18.1	14.5	11.3	18.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.2	1.1	0.9	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	57,165	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	50,800	...	...	50,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	30,160	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	34,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	27,010	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	57,180	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,200	...	...	77,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,150	...	...	63,150	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	30,185	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,000	...	...	47,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,120	...	...	39,120	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	26,990	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	57,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	685	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	530	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,205	...	...	2.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,960	...	...	3.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,425	...	...	7.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,780	...	...	4.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,870	...	...	5.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,205	...	...	5.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,165	...	...	5.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,005	...	...	5.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,385	...	...	9.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,395	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,795	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,335	...	...	5.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,755	...	...	4.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,680	...	...	23.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,995	...	...	8.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,090	...	...	5.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,105	...	...	5.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,490	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	57,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	755	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	535	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,235	...	...	2.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,070	...	...	3.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,810	...	...	8.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,580	...	...	6.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,755	...	...	6.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,010	...	...	7.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,835	...	...	6.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,435	...	...	6.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,590	...	...	9.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,755	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,980	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,220	...	...	5.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,470	...	...	4.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,145	...	...	16.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,220	...	...	7.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,170	...	...	3.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,750	...	...	4.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	24,750	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,635	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,710	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,750	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	35,580	17,445	18,135	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	38,400	37,200	38,000	38,400	37,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	34,000	33,600	33,600	34,000	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	24,660	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,500	...	...	113,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,600	...	...	91,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,550	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,600	...	...	106,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,700	...	...	85,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,755	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,600	...	...	152,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,720	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,900	...	...	72,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,000	...	...	63,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	35,680	17,570	18,110	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,360	46,560	44,200	45,360	46,560	44,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,920	38,640	37,240	37,920	38,640	37,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	99,435	49,020	50,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	13,195	6,680	6,515	13.3	13.6	12.9
0 to 5 years	4,415	2,270	2,145	4.4	4.6	4.3
18 to 64 years	63,040	32,090	30,955	63.4	65.5	61.4
65 years and over	23,195	10,250	12,945	23.3	20.9	25.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	15,730	7,505	8,225	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,595	765	830	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	540	260	285	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	9,225	4,825	4,405	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,910	1,915	2,990	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.8	15.3	16.3	15.8	15.3	16.3
0 to 17 years (%)	12.1	11.4	12.8	12.1	11.4	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	12.2	11.3	13.2	12.2	11.3	13.2
18 to 64 years (%)	14.6	15.0	14.2	14.6	15.0	14.2
65 years and over (%)	21.2	18.7	23.1	21.2	18.7	23.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	99,435	49,020	50,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	13,200	6,680	6,515	13.3	13.6	12.9
0 to 5 years	4,415	2,270	2,145	4.4	4.6	4.3
18 to 64 years	63,040	32,090	30,955	63.4	65.5	61.4
65 years and over	23,195	10,250	12,945	23.3	20.9	25.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	9,905	5,090	4,820	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	815	380	430	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	255	120	130	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,040	3,830	3,215	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,050	880	1,175	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.0	10.4	9.6	10.0	10.4	9.6
0 to 17 years (%)	6.2	5.7	6.6	6.2	5.7	6.6
0 to 5 years (%)	5.8	5.4	6.2	5.8	5.4	6.2
18 to 64 years (%)	11.2	11.9	10.4	11.2	11.9	10.4
65 years and over (%)	8.9	8.6	9.0	8.9	8.6	9.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	99,435	49,025	50,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	60,395	29,230	31,170	60.7	59.6	61.8
In bottom decile	14,290	7,025	7,265	14.4	14.3	14.4
In second decile	12,170	5,650	6,520	12.2	11.5	12.9
In third decile	11,945	5,795	6,150	12.0	11.8	12.2
In fourth decile	11,660	5,665	6,000	11.7	11.6	11.9
In fifth decile	10,325	5,095	5,230	10.4	10.4	10.4
In top half of the distribution	39,045	19,795	19,245	39.3	40.4	38.2
In sixth decile	9,425	4,735	4,690	9.5	9.7	9.3
In seventh decile	8,875	4,455	4,420	8.9	9.1	8.8
In eighth decile	8,240	4,135	4,100	8.3	8.4	8.1
In ninth decile	6,410	3,295	3,120	6.4	6.7	6.2
In top decile	6,090	3,170	2,920	6.1	6.5	5.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	99,440	...	...	99,440	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.348	...	...	0.348	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.473	...	...	0.473	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.298	...	...	0.298	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	101,500	49,665	51,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	645	345	300	0.6	0.7	0.6
French only	49,325	22,035	27,290	48.6	44.4	52.7
English and French	50,990	27,070	23,915	50.2	54.5	46.1
Neither English nor French	540	220	320	0.5	0.4	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	101,500	49,665	51,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,775	1,455	1,320	2.7	2.9	2.5
French	96,390	47,035	49,355	95.0	94.7	95.2
English and French	1,820	965	850	1.8	1.9	1.6
Neither English nor French	510	210	305	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	101,500	49,665	51,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	99,315	48,520	50,795	97.8	97.7	98.0
Official languages	91,925	44,870	47,055	90.6	90.3	90.8
English	2,030	1,075	950	2.0	2.2	1.8
French	89,895	43,790	46,105	88.6	88.2	89.0
Non-official languages	7,390	3,645	3,740	7.3	7.3	7.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,335	3,625	3,710	7.2	7.3	7.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,345	760	590	1.3	1.5	1.1
Berber languages	175	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kabyle	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chadic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,140	640	500	1.1	1.3	1.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,120	630	490	1.1	1.3	0.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	295	130	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	210	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Haitian Creole	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,005	1,945	2,060	3.9	3.9	4.0
Albanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	440	195	240	0.4	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	435	195	240	0.4	0.4	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	150	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	605	290	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	370	185	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	110	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,755	1,350	1,405	2.7	2.7	2.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	165	105	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	480	240	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,985	950	1,030	2.0	1.9	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	845	415	430	0.8	0.8	0.8
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	180	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	255	115	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Wojenaka	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	290	135	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	255	115	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	175	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,185	1,150	1,035	2.2	2.3	2.0
English and French	1,020	555	465	1.0	1.1	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	895	450	445	0.9	0.9	0.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	101,500	49,665	51,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,090	560	530	1.1	1.1	1.0
French	87,260	42,380	44,880	86.0	85.3	86.6
Non-official language	2,110	1,040	1,070	2.1	2.1	2.1
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,090	1,030	1,060	2.1	2.1	2.0
English and French	5,215	2,865	2,350	5.1	5.8	4.5
English and non-official language(s)	280	140	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	3,865	1,835	2,025	3.8	3.7	3.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,525	765	760	1.5	1.5	1.5
Multiple non-official languages	155	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	101,500	49,665	51,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	99,060	48,420	50,640	97.6	97.5	97.7
Official languages	95,120	46,505	48,615	93.7	93.6	93.8
English	1,915	1,005	910	1.9	2.0	1.8
French	93,205	45,500	47,705	91.8	91.6	92.0
Non-official languages	3,935	1,915	2,025	3.9	3.9	3.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,905	1,895	2,010	3.8	3.8	3.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	565	290	280	0.6	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamazight	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	455	235	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	450	225	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,320	1,105	1,215	2.3	2.2	2.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	440	210	235	0.4	0.4	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	305	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	155	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,640	780	855	1.6	1.6	1.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	320	160	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	1,210	575	640	1.2	1.2	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	370	185	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Wojenaka	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	170	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,435	1,245	1,190	2.4	2.5	2.3
English and French	1,115	595	520	1.1	1.2	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,050	515	535	1.0	1.0	1.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	101,500	49,665	51,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	92,530	45,045	47,485	91.2	90.7	91.6
English	3,845	2,120	1,725	3.8	4.3	3.3
French	1,820	895	925	1.8	1.8	1.8
Non-official language	1,985	955	1,035	2.0	1.9	2.0
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,960	940	1,025	1.9	1.9	2.0
English and French	265	130	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	670	330	340	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	160	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	99,490	49,045	50,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	98,975	48,850	50,130	99.5	99.6	99.4
English	51,345	27,325	24,030	51.6	55.7	47.6
French	98,265	48,515	49,750	98.8	98.9	98.6
Non-official languages	16,535	7,825	8,710	16.6	16.0	17.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	160	65	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	130	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,385	7,770	8,620	16.5	15.8	17.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,945	1,080	865	2.0	2.2	1.7
Berber languages	165	100	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kabyle	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chadic languages	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hausa	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,835	1,015	830	1.8	2.1	1.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,770	970	800	1.8	2.0	1.6
Aramaic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	310	135	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	220	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	175	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	40	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	335	145	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Haitian Creole	190	70	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,700	5,470	6,230	11.8	11.2	12.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	730	345	385	0.7	0.7	0.8
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	730	345	385	0.7	0.7	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	350	160	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	200	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,165	575	590	1.2	1.2	1.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,000	490	510	1.0	1.0	1.0
German	995	485	505	1.0	1.0	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	80	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Danish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	990	475	510	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	700	350	345	0.7	0.7	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	190	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	220	130	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	250	100	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	305	135	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	305	130	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	220	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	9,415	4,340	5,075	9.5	8.8	10.1
Catalan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	950	535	415	1.0	1.1	0.8
Portuguese	850	455	390	0.9	0.9	0.8
Romanian	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	8,190	3,660	4,530	8.2	7.5	9.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	225	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,460	715	745	1.5	1.5	1.5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	110	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	170	75	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lingala	115	75	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Luba-Kasai	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	255	130	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	485	225	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Wojenaka	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wolof	185	110	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Yoruba	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	360	175	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nilo-Saharan languages	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	115	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	495	240	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	415	205	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	335	165	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	99,490	49,040	50,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,580	755	820	1.6	1.5	1.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,455	710	740	1.5	1.4	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	945	455	490	0.9	0.9	1.0
Métis	470	240	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	97,910	48,285	49,630	98.4	98.5	98.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	99,490	49,040	50,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	480	225	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	99,010	48,820	50,190	99.5	99.6	99.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	57,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	19,925	...	...	34.8	...	...
Renter	37,260	...	...	65.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	57,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	13,215	...	...	23.1	...	...
Not condominium	43,965	...	...	76.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	57,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	1,660	...	...	2.9	...	...
1 bedroom	20,610	...	...	36.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	20,195	...	...	35.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	10,695	...	...	18.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,020	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	57,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	35,015	...	...	61.2	...	...
5 rooms	9,455	...	...	16.5	...	...
6 rooms	4,470	...	...	7.8	...	...
7 rooms	2,975	...	...	5.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,260	...	...	9.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	57,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	56,810	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	365	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	57,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	55,925	...	...	97.8	...	...
Not suitable	1,255	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	57,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	22,420	...	...	39.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,630	...	...	25.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,115	...	...	12.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,535	...	...	7.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,965	...	...	3.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,805	...	...	3.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,860	...	...	3.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,840	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	57,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	53,355	...	...	93.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,820	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	57,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	37,795	...	...	66.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	18,435	...	...	32.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	950	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	57,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,925	...	...	5.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	11,240	...	...	19.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,790	...	...	15.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,900	...	...	12.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,895	...	...	17.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	10,025	...	...	17.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,475	...	...	9.6	...	...
85 years and over	1,930	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	56,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	45,495	...	...	80.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	11,405	...	...	20.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	10,405	...	...	18.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	57,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	15,510	...	...	27.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,530	...	...	18.4	...	...
Not suitable only	1,005	...	...	1.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,010	...	...	5.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	150	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	715	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	41,670	...	...	72.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	55,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,155	...	...	7.4	...	...
Not in core need	51,745	...	...	92.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,925	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.1	...	...	59.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.3	...	...	12.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,140	...	...	1,140	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,279	...	...	1,279	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	358,800	...	...	358,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	37,255	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.7	...	...	13.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.2	...	...	24.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.4	...	...	10.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	810	...	...	810	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	886	...	...	886	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	99,490	49,045	50,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,260	595	665	1.3	1.2	1.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,245	595	650	1.3	1.2	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,125	550	575	1.1	1.1	1.1
Métis single ancestry	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,530	1,195	1,335	2.5	2.4	2.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,495	1,180	1,315	2.5	2.4	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,320	1,060	1,255	2.3	2.2	2.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	150	100	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	95,700	47,255	48,445	96.2	96.4	96.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	99,490	49,040	50,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	91,630	45,065	46,570	92.1	91.9	92.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	12,035	6,095	5,935	12.1	12.4	11.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	79,595	38,970	40,625	80.0	79.5	80.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	7,860	3,975	3,885	7.9	8.1	7.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	99,490	49,040	50,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	85,600	42,065	43,535	86.0	85.8	86.3
Immigrants⁸¹	9,915	4,855	5,060	10.0	9.9	10.0
Before 1980	790	440	355	0.8	0.9	0.7
1980 to 1990	580	315	265	0.6	0.6	0.5
1991 to 2000	1,035	540	490	1.0	1.1	1.0
2001 to 2010	2,775	1,245	1,530	2.8	2.5	3.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,735	2,310	2,425	4.8	4.7	4.8
2011 to 2015	1,955	960	995	2.0	2.0	2.0
2016 to 2021	2,780	1,355	1,430	2.8	2.8	2.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,980	2,125	1,850	4.0	4.3	3.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	9,915	4,855	5,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,150	565	585	11.6	11.6	11.6
5 to 14 years	1,565	715	855	15.8	14.7	16.9
15 to 24 years	1,490	695	800	15.0	14.3	15.8
25 to 44 years	4,975	2,545	2,430	50.2	52.4	48.0
45 years and over	725	340	390	7.3	7.0	7.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	9,915	4,855	5,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,045	985	1,060	20.6	20.3	20.9
Brazil	205	80	120	2.1	1.6	2.4
Colombia	610	280	330	6.2	5.8	6.5
El Salvador	105	60	45	1.1	1.2	0.9
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	145	60	80	1.5	1.2	1.6
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mexico	220	115	105	2.2	2.4	2.1
Peru	55	30	30	0.6	0.6	0.6
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	300	130	165	3.0	2.7	3.3
Other places of birth in Americas	390	210	180	3.9	4.3	3.6
Europe	3,235	1,710	1,525	32.6	35.2	30.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	120	70	50	1.2	1.4	1.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	2,145	1,120	1,030	21.6	23.1	20.4
Germany	85	40	45	0.9	0.8	0.9
Greece	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	85	60	25	0.9	1.2	0.5
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	40	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portugal	20	20	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Romania	110	60	50	1.1	1.2	1.0
Russian Federation	75	50	25	0.8	1.0	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	30	0	30	0.3	0.0	0.6
Ukraine	70	10	65	0.7	0.2	1.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	85	65	20	0.9	1.3	0.4
Other places of birth in Europe	335	185	150	3.4	3.8	3.0
Africa	3,115	1,485	1,630	31.4	30.6	32.2
Algeria	310	170	145	3.1	3.5	2.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	355	140	210	3.6	2.9	4.2
Egypt	35	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
Eritrea	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	370	175	200	3.7	3.6	4.0
Nigeria	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other places of birth in Africa	1,990	965	1,020	20.1	19.9	20.2
Asia	1,510	665	845	15.2	13.7	16.7
Afghanistan	65	30	35	0.7	0.6	0.7
Iran⁸⁸	70	20	50	0.7	0.4	1.0
Iraq	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Lebanon	40	25	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	80	45	40	0.8	0.9	0.8
Turkey	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	145	35	110	1.5	0.7	2.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Philippines	70	25	45	0.7	0.5	0.9
Viet Nam	110	45	70	1.1	0.9	1.4
Bangladesh	160	70	85	1.6	1.4	1.7
India	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Pakistan	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Sri Lanka	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	635	315	320	6.4	6.5	6.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,780	1,350	1,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	385	185	200	13.8	13.7	14.0
Brazil	70	20	50	2.5	1.5	3.5
Colombia	90	40	50	3.2	3.0	3.5
Haiti	20	10	0	0.7	0.7	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	45	25	15	1.6	1.9	1.0
United States of America	60	20	40	2.2	1.5	2.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	105	65	30	3.8	4.8	2.1
Europe	730	385	350	26.3	28.5	24.5
France	605	315	295	21.8	23.3	20.6
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	20	0	0.7	1.5	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	30	0	30	1.1	0.0	2.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	20	0	0.7	1.5	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	50	25	30	1.8	1.9	2.1
Africa	1,255	610	645	45.1	45.2	45.1
Algeria	55	35	15	2.0	2.6	1.0
Burundi	65	40	25	2.3	3.0	1.7
Cameroon	185	100	90	6.7	7.4	6.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	160	50	110	5.8	3.7	7.7
Côte d'Ivoire	230	115	115	8.3	8.5	8.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	65	30	35	2.3	2.2	2.4
Nigeria	30	10	20	1.1	0.7	1.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	150	70	80	5.4	5.2	5.6
Other places of birth in Africa	315	165	145	11.3	12.2	10.1
Asia	400	165	235	14.4	12.2	16.4
Afghanistan	30	15	15	1.1	1.1	1.0
Bangladesh	20	10	15	0.7	0.7	1.0
China⁹⁰	30	15	15	1.1	1.1	1.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	30	15	20	1.1	1.1	1.4
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	50	25	25	1.8	1.9	1.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	70	35	35	2.5	2.6	2.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	15	0	15	0.5	0.0	1.0
Other places of birth in Asia	110	45	65	4.0	3.3	4.5
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	99,495	49,040	50,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	14,810	7,345	7,470	14.9	15.0	14.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,240	3,175	3,070	6.3	6.5	6.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	78,440	38,535	39,910	78.8	78.6	79.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	9,120	4,415	4,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,640	2,415	2,235	50.9	54.7	47.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,605	1,605	995	28.6	36.4	21.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,040	800	1,235	22.4	18.1	26.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,045	830	1,210	22.4	18.8	25.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,385	1,160	1,225	26.2	26.3	26.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	10	40	0.5	0.2	0.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	9,120	4,415	4,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	175	90	85	1.9	2.0	1.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,065	540	525	11.7	12.2	11.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	300	155	145	3.3	3.5	3.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	900	480	420	9.9	10.9	8.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	55	35	20	0.6	0.8	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	6,630	3,115	3,510	72.7	70.6	74.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	99,490	49,045	50,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	10,455	5,035	5,415	10.5	10.3	10.7
South Asian	725	395	330	0.7	0.8	0.7
Chinese	525	130	395	0.5	0.3	0.8
Black	3,960	1,940	2,025	4.0	4.0	4.0
Filipino	165	65	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Arab	1,525	825	700	1.5	1.7	1.4
Latin American	1,965	950	1,015	2.0	1.9	2.0
Southeast Asian	770	350	425	0.8	0.7	0.8
West Asian	300	135	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Japanese	105	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	89,035	44,005	45,030	89.5	89.7	89.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	99,490	49,045	50,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	28,430	13,640	14,790	28.6	27.8	29.3
English	1,810	855	955	1.8	1.7	1.9
Irish	5,490	2,690	2,790	5.5	5.5	5.5
Scottish	2,140	1,010	1,130	2.2	2.1	2.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	32,605	16,555	16,045	32.8	33.8	31.8
German	1,465	715	750	1.5	1.5	1.5
Chinese	605	185	410	0.6	0.4	0.8
Italian	1,745	925	820	1.8	1.9	1.6
Indian (India)	235	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	270	130	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	185	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Polish	470	240	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Québécois	12,165	6,000	6,165	12.2	12.2	12.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	420	220	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Filipino	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	8,335	4,035	4,295	8.4	8.2	8.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,270	1,095	1,180	2.3	2.2	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,825	815	1,010	1.8	1.7	2.0
Métis	305	160	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,725	945	775	1.7	1.9	1.5
Russian	215	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norwegian	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	390	220	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
American	435	250	190	0.4	0.5	0.4
Spanish	1,070	480	590	1.1	1.0	1.2
Swedish	85	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungarian	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	1,175	570	600	1.2	1.2	1.2
Pakistani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	820	435	385	0.8	0.9	0.8
Jewish	170	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	360	185	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	740	420	320	0.7	0.9	0.6
Greek	195	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	150	70	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	155	70	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lebanese	165	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	205	85	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	525	265	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Danish	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	245	150	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	115	95	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
Belgian	870	420	450	0.9	0.9	0.9
Haitian	330	110	220	0.3	0.2	0.4
Hindu	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	500	235	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	410	195	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	45	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Japanese	110	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	240	90	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Muslim	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Egyptian	80	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	270	140	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	780	385	385	0.8	0.8	0.8
Moroccan	350	155	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
Czech	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	105	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	345	175	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Brazilian	330	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	45	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	150	60	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	150	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Congolese	435	225	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	30	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	230	145	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	155	90	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bulgarian	50	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	405	200	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	170	105	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	350	160	185	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	290	135	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guatemalan	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Franco Ontarian	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Argentinian	80	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	310	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	250	115	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	255	115	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	355	160	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	160	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Honduran	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	205	80	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	250	105	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bamileke	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	215	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	105	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Beninese	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	99,490	49,045	50,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	465	220	250	0.5	0.4	0.5
Christian	58,400	27,120	31,275	58.7	55.3	62.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,855	2,435	2,420	4.9	5.0	4.8
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	235	130	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Baptist	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catholic	51,295	23,680	27,610	51.6	48.3	54.7
Christian Orthodox	435	180	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	230	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	280	100	180	0.3	0.2	0.4
Presbyterian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Church	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	775	345	430	0.8	0.7	0.9
Hindu	220	130	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jewish	150	90	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Muslim	2,990	1,525	1,465	3.0	3.1	2.9
Sikh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	400	205	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	36,835	19,730	17,105	37.0	40.2	33.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	98,775	48,685	50,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	81,915	40,280	41,640	82.9	82.7	83.1
Movers	16,855	8,405	8,445	17.1	17.3	16.9
Non-migrants	12,535	6,355	6,180	12.7	13.1	12.3
Migrants	4,320	2,055	2,265	4.4	4.2	4.5
Internal migrants	3,190	1,530	1,660	3.2	3.1	3.3
Intraprovincial migrants	2,885	1,395	1,490	2.9	2.9	3.0
Interprovincial migrants	300	135	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	1,130	525	605	1.1	1.1	1.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	95,890	47,200	48,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	49,000	23,535	25,470	51.1	49.9	52.3
Movers	46,890	23,670	23,220	48.9	50.1	47.7
Non-migrants	28,415	14,420	13,990	29.6	30.6	28.7
Migrants	18,475	9,245	9,230	19.3	19.6	19.0
Internal migrants	13,230	6,515	6,715	13.8	13.8	13.8
Intraprovincial migrants	12,345	6,110	6,230	12.9	12.9	12.8
Interprovincial migrants	885	410	480	0.9	0.9	1.0
External migrants	5,245	2,730	2,515	5.5	5.8	5.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	88,235	43,350	44,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,145	6,360	5,785	13.8	14.7	12.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	76,100	37,000	39,100	86.2	85.4	87.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,205	28,245	26,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,195	3,150	2,045	9.4	11.2	7.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	50,010	25,095	24,920	90.6	88.8	92.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	88,240	43,355	44,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,910	5,485	5,425	12.4	12.7	12.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,930	7,650	8,285	18.1	17.6	18.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	61,400	30,215	31,180	69.6	69.7	69.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,565	14,395	14,180	32.4	33.2	31.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,870	6,030	3,840	11.2	13.9	8.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,155	3,950	3,205	8.1	9.1	7.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,720	2,080	635	3.1	4.8	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,110	6,960	8,155	17.1	16.1	18.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,585	1,400	2,185	4.1	3.2	4.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	32,830	15,830	17,000	37.2	36.5	37.9
Bachelor's degree	17,120	8,180	8,940	19.4	18.9	19.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,585	1,220	1,360	2.9	2.8	3.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,125	505	620	1.3	1.2	1.4
Master's degree	9,675	4,710	4,965	11.0	10.9	11.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,325	1,200	1,125	2.6	2.8	2.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,210	28,245	26,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,340	2,565	1,775	7.9	9.1	6.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,440	4,085	3,350	13.5	14.5	12.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,430	21,590	21,835	78.7	76.4	81.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,115	10,065	9,055	34.6	35.6	33.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,215	4,380	2,835	13.1	15.5	10.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,235	2,835	2,400	9.5	10.0	8.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,975	1,540	435	3.6	5.5	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,770	4,740	5,030	17.7	16.8	18.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,135	940	1,195	3.9	3.3	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	24,310	11,535	12,785	44.0	40.8	47.4
Bachelor's degree	12,180	5,875	6,300	22.1	20.8	23.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,790	820	965	3.2	2.9	3.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	865	315	545	1.6	1.1	2.0
Master's degree	7,680	3,625	4,055	13.9	12.8	15.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,795	890	905	3.3	3.2	3.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	88,240	43,350	44,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	26,845	13,135	13,710	30.4	30.3	30.5
Education	4,110	1,195	2,915	4.7	2.8	6.5
13. Education	4,110	1,195	2,915	4.7	2.8	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,325	2,120	2,205	4.9	4.9	4.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	680	465	210	0.8	1.1	0.5
50. Visual and performing arts	3,645	1,655	1,990	4.1	3.8	4.4
Humanities	5,065	2,270	2,795	5.7	5.2	6.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	815	245	575	0.9	0.6	1.3
23. English language and literature/letters	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,865	925	935	2.1	2.1	2.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	465	310	155	0.5	0.7	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	210	135	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	550	305	245	0.6	0.7	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	955	270	690	1.1	0.6	1.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,005	3,820	5,190	10.2	8.8	11.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,320	450	865	1.5	1.0	1.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	915	175	740	1.0	0.4	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	1,925	895	1,035	2.2	2.1	2.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	335	105	230	0.4	0.2	0.5
42. Psychology	1,260	380	880	1.4	0.9	2.0
45. Social sciences	3,190	1,800	1,395	3.6	4.2	3.1
Business, management and public administration	12,450	5,375	7,080	14.1	12.4	15.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,235	375	860	1.4	0.9	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,210	5,000	6,210	12.7	11.5	13.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,170	1,590	1,585	3.6	3.7	3.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,350	535	810	1.5	1.2	1.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	320	145	175	0.4	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	580	325	250	0.7	0.7	0.6
40. Physical sciences	835	540	300	0.9	1.2	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,255	2,290	970	3.7	5.3	2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,595	1,975	620	2.9	4.6	1.4
25. Library science	310	90	220	0.4	0.2	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	275	160	110	0.3	0.4	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,575	7,330	1,250	9.7	16.9	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	860	490	370	1.0	1.1	0.8
14. Engineering	2,505	2,035	465	2.8	4.7	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,565	1,355	215	1.8	3.1	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,620	1,545	80	1.8	3.6	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,155	1,090	70	1.3	2.5	0.2
48. Precision production	850	805	45	1.0	1.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,380	755	625	1.6	1.7	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	680	310	370	0.8	0.7	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	700	440	255	0.8	1.0	0.6
Health and related fields	6,845	1,650	5,195	7.8	3.8	11.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	380	195	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,920	1,180	4,735	6.7	2.7	10.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	545	275	275	0.6	0.6	0.6
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,150	1,810	1,340	3.6	4.2	3.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,060	920	1,135	2.3	2.1	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	500	330	170	0.6	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	580	535	40	0.7	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	60	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	55,205	28,240	26,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,775	6,650	5,130	21.3	23.5	19.0
Education	2,425	665	1,755	4.4	2.4	6.5
13. Education	2,425	665	1,755	4.4	2.4	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,230	1,610	1,615	5.9	5.7	6.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	530	375	155	1.0	1.3	0.6
50. Visual and performing arts	2,700	1,235	1,465	4.9	4.4	5.4
Humanities	2,930	1,280	1,645	5.3	4.5	6.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	530	140	395	1.0	0.5	1.5
23. English language and literature/letters	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	995	520	470	1.8	1.8	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	290	190	100	0.5	0.7	0.4
39. Theology and religious vocations	90	65	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	350	180	170	0.6	0.6	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	550	135	420	1.0	0.5	1.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,385	2,580	3,810	11.6	9.1	14.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,040	340	695	1.9	1.2	2.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	685	130	555	1.2	0.5	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	1,330	570	760	2.4	2.0	2.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	235	75	160	0.4	0.3	0.6
42. Psychology	885	245	640	1.6	0.9	2.4
45. Social sciences	2,165	1,205	960	3.9	4.3	3.6
Business, management and public administration	9,060	3,920	5,140	16.4	13.9	19.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	870	260	610	1.6	0.9	2.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,190	3,660	4,535	14.8	13.0	16.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,175	1,085	1,095	3.9	3.8	4.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,135	470	665	2.1	1.7	2.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	145	70	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	165	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
40. Physical sciences	675	420	255	1.2	1.5	0.9
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,630	1,930	695	4.8	6.8	2.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,225	1,745	480	4.0	6.2	1.8
25. Library science	190	65	135	0.3	0.2	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	155	90	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,400	5,350	1,050	11.6	18.9	3.9
04. Architecture and related services	640	345	290	1.2	1.2	1.1
14. Engineering	2,035	1,620	415	3.7	5.7	1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,065	895	170	1.9	3.2	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,185	1,115	70	2.1	3.9	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	800	755	45	1.4	2.7	0.2
48. Precision production	660	615	45	1.2	2.2	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,085	595	495	2.0	2.1	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	535	240	295	1.0	0.8	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	555	355	200	1.0	1.3	0.7
Health and related fields	4,630	1,195	3,435	8.4	4.2	12.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	270	135	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,990	925	3,070	7.2	3.3	11.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	370	140	235	0.7	0.5	0.9
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,430	1,375	1,060	4.4	4.9	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,655	755	905	3.0	2.7	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	345	220	125	0.6	0.8	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	410	380	30	0.7	1.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	55,205	28,240	26,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,775	6,650	5,130	21.3	23.5	19.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	43,430	21,595	21,840	78.7	76.5	81.0
Location of study inside Canada	38,030	18,760	19,275	68.9	66.4	71.5
Same as province or territory of residence	37,080	18,240	18,835	67.2	64.6	69.8
Different than province or territory of residence	955	520	435	1.7	1.8	1.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	5,400	2,835	2,565	9.8	10.0	9.5
Americas	1,080	555	530	2.0	2.0	2.0
United States of America	275	155	120	0.5	0.5	0.4
Mexico	145	65	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cuba	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	225	95	125	0.4	0.3	0.5
Colombia	210	115	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Peru	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	140	65	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Europe	2,850	1,520	1,335	5.2	5.4	5.0
Belgium	100	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
France	2,230	1,190	1,035	4.0	4.2	3.8
Germany	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	85	35	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	130	90	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italy	45	40	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	970	535	440	1.8	1.9	1.6
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	135	80	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tunisia	245	135	115	0.4	0.5	0.4
Egypt	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	445	250	195	0.8	0.9	0.7
Asia	465	220	245	0.8	0.8	0.9
Iran⁸⁸	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Viet Nam	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	70	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	88,240	43,350	44,885	...	...	...
In the labour force	55,825	29,105	26,720	...	...	...
Employed	50,900	26,480	24,420	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,925	2,625	2,295	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	32,415	14,245	18,165	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.3	67.1	59.5	63.3	67.1	59.5
Employment rate	57.7	61.1	54.4	57.7	61.1	54.4
Unemployment rate	8.8	9.0	8.6	8.8	9.0	8.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	88,240	43,350	44,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	31,380	13,790	17,590	35.6	31.8	39.2
Worked	56,860	29,570	27,295	64.4	68.2	60.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	28,925	15,635	13,290	32.8	36.1	29.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,935	13,935	14,005	31.7	32.1	31.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	41.4	40.6	41.0	41.4	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	55,825	29,105	26,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,095	505	595	2.0	1.7	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	54,730	28,600	26,130	98.0	98.3	97.8
Employee	48,965	25,305	23,655	87.7	86.9	88.5
Permanent position	38,765	20,540	18,235	69.4	70.6	68.2
Temporary position	10,190	4,770	5,425	18.3	16.4	20.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	4,610	2,075	2,535	8.3	7.1	9.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,585	2,695	2,890	10.0	9.3	10.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,765	3,295	2,475	10.3	11.3	9.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	55,825	29,105	26,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,095	505	595	2.0	1.7	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	54,730	28,600	26,130	98.0	98.3	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	905	625	285	1.6	2.1	1.1
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,900	4,070	5,830	17.7	14.0	21.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,630	4,790	1,840	11.9	16.5	6.9
3 Health occupations	4,890	1,310	3,580	8.8	4.5	13.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,240	3,690	5,545	16.6	12.7	20.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,150	1,580	1,570	5.6	5.4	5.9
6 Sales and service occupations	13,415	6,890	6,525	24.0	23.7	24.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,010	4,495	515	9.0	15.4	1.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	365	265	100	0.7	0.9	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,220	890	335	2.2	3.1	1.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	55,825	29,105	26,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,095	505	595	2.0	1.7	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	54,730	28,600	26,130	98.0	98.3	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	345	165	180	0.6	0.6	0.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	120	100	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
22 Utilities	160	115	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
23 Construction	1,830	1,535	300	3.3	5.3	1.1
31-33 Manufacturing	2,975	2,065	910	5.3	7.1	3.4
41 Wholesale trade	1,215	905	305	2.2	3.1	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	5,475	2,840	2,635	9.8	9.8	9.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,575	1,275	300	2.8	4.4	1.1
51 Information and cultural industries	1,290	820	470	2.3	2.8	1.8
52 Finance and insurance	2,185	1,160	1,020	3.9	4.0	3.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	870	530	335	1.6	1.8	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,230	3,785	2,450	11.2	13.0	9.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,345	1,515	830	4.2	5.2	3.1
61 Educational services	5,255	2,200	3,055	9.4	7.6	11.4
62 Health care and social assistance	7,995	2,235	5,760	14.3	7.7	21.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,480	780	695	2.7	2.7	2.6
72 Accommodation and food services	3,985	2,155	1,830	7.1	7.4	6.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,475	1,080	1,395	4.4	3.7	5.2
91 Public administration	6,885	3,315	3,570	12.3	11.4	13.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	60,130	31,270	28,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,035	585	450	1.7	1.9	1.6
French	46,395	23,360	23,035	77.2	74.7	79.8
Non-official language	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	11,880	6,945	4,935	19.8	22.2	17.1
English and non-official language(s)	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	290	140	145	0.5	0.4	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	430	195	235	0.7	0.6	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	60,130	31,270	28,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	58,530	30,270	28,260	97.3	96.8	97.9
Official languages	58,415	30,235	28,185	97.1	96.7	97.7
English	2,530	1,450	1,080	4.2	4.6	3.7
French	55,885	28,780	27,105	92.9	92.0	93.9
Non-official languages	115	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	115	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,600	1,000	605	2.7	3.2	2.1
English and French	1,445	905	550	2.4	2.9	1.9
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	100	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	60,130	31,270	28,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	49,010	24,925	24,085	81.5	79.7	83.5
English	9,070	5,235	3,835	15.1	16.7	13.3
French	1,460	840	625	2.4	2.7	2.2
Non-official language	245	125	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	245	125	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	275	120	155	0.5	0.4	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	50,900	26,480	24,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	15,675	8,180	7,495	30.8	30.9	30.7
Worked outside Canada	115	90	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,020	2,865	1,155	7.9	10.8	4.7
Usual place of work	31,085	15,350	15,740	61.1	58.0	64.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	31,085	15,345	15,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	27,595	13,230	14,365	88.8	86.2	91.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,040	565	475	3.3	3.7	3.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,405	1,520	885	7.7	9.9	5.6
Commute to a different province or territory	45	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	35,110	18,210	16,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	21,485	11,780	9,710	61.2	64.7	57.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	19,995	11,205	8,785	56.9	61.5	52.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,500	570	925	4.3	3.1	5.5
Public transit	5,635	2,445	3,195	16.0	13.4	18.9
Walked	6,235	2,915	3,325	17.8	16.0	19.7
Bicycle	1,100	690	405	3.1	3.8	2.4
Other method	650	385	265	1.9	2.1	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	35,110	18,210	16,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	13,005	6,725	6,280	37.0	36.9	37.2
15 to 29 minutes	16,185	8,375	7,805	46.1	46.0	46.2
30 to 44 minutes	3,940	2,040	1,900	11.2	11.2	11.2
45 to 59 minutes	1,135	575	560	3.2	3.2	3.3
60 minutes and over	845	500	345	2.4	2.7	2.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	35,110	18,210	16,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,205	805	400	3.4	4.4	2.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,560	2,915	1,645	13.0	16.0	9.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,295	5,615	5,685	32.2	30.8	33.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,960	4,090	4,875	25.5	22.5	28.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,965	1,900	2,065	11.3	10.4	12.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,125	2,900	2,230	14.6	15.9	13.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	13,480	6,830	6,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,310	640	665	9.7	9.4	10.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,170	6,185	5,985	90.3	90.6	90.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	9,570	4,805	4,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,020	495	520	10.7	10.3	10.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	765	380	380	8.0	7.9	8.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	255	115	140	2.7	2.4	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,550	4,305	4,245	89.3	89.6	89.1

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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