Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Portneuf, Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	55,523	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	53,008	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.7	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	27,753	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	24,809	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	14.3	...	...	14.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	3,887.88	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	55,520	28,155	27,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	9,445	4,815	4,630	17.0	17.1	16.9
0 to 4 years	2,935	1,495	1,440	5.3	5.3	5.3
5 to 9 years	3,340	1,680	1,655	6.0	6.0	6.0
10 to 14 years	3,170	1,640	1,530	5.7	5.8	5.6
15 to 64 years	33,020	16,965	16,060	59.5	60.3	58.7
15 to 19 years	2,240	1,150	1,090	4.0	4.1	4.0
20 to 24 years	2,020	1,030	985	3.6	3.7	3.6
25 to 29 years	2,870	1,420	1,450	5.2	5.0	5.3
30 to 34 years	3,365	1,700	1,665	6.1	6.0	6.1
35 to 39 years	3,515	1,825	1,690	6.3	6.5	6.2
40 to 44 years	3,535	1,865	1,675	6.4	6.6	6.1
45 to 49 years	3,010	1,565	1,450	5.4	5.6	5.3
50 to 54 years	3,200	1,645	1,555	5.8	5.8	5.7
55 to 59 years	4,420	2,260	2,155	8.0	8.0	7.9
60 to 64 years	4,845	2,505	2,340	8.7	8.9	8.5
65 years and over	13,065	6,370	6,690	23.5	22.6	24.4
65 to 69 years	4,345	2,225	2,120	7.8	7.9	7.7
70 to 74 years	3,520	1,820	1,700	6.3	6.5	6.2
75 to 79 years	2,345	1,190	1,155	4.2	4.2	4.2
80 to 84 years	1,495	670	825	2.7	2.4	3.0
85 years and over	1,355	460	890	2.4	1.6	3.3
85 to 89 years	820	310	515	1.5	1.1	1.9
90 to 94 years	415	130	285	0.7	0.5	1.0
95 to 99 years	100	25	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.0	17.1	16.9	17.0	17.1	16.9
15 to 64 years	59.5	60.3	58.7	59.5	60.3	58.7
65 years and over	23.5	22.6	24.4	23.5	22.6	24.4
85 years and over	2.4	1.6	3.3	2.4	1.6	3.3
Average age of the population	44.5	44.0	44.9	44.5	44.0	44.9
Median age of the population	46.0	46.0	46.8	46.0	46.0	46.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	24,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	19,030	...	...	76.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,245	...	...	5.0	...	...
Row house	100	...	...	0.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,690	...	...	6.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,490	...	...	10.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	85	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	150	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	24,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	8,150	...	...	32.9	...	...
2 persons	9,750	...	...	39.3	...	...
3 persons	2,885	...	...	11.6	...	...
4 persons	2,765	...	...	11.1	...	...
5 or more persons	1,260	...	...	5.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	54,160	27,550	26,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	46,080	23,340	22,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	29,045	14,525	14,525	63.0	62.2	63.9
Married	13,815	6,930	6,890	30.0	29.7	30.3
Living common-law	15,225	7,595	7,635	33.0	32.5	33.6
Living common law - Never married	12,510	6,230	6,280	27.1	26.7	27.6
Living common law - Separated	145	75	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	2,290	1,170	1,120	5.0	5.0	4.9
Living common law - Widowed	285	125	165	0.6	0.5	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	17,035	8,810	8,220	37.0	37.7	36.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	11,270	6,555	4,710	24.5	28.1	20.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	525	275	250	1.1	1.2	1.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,690	1,295	1,390	5.8	5.5	6.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,550	685	1,870	5.5	2.9	8.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	16,245	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	9,665	...	...	59.5	...	...
3 persons	2,775	...	...	17.1	...	...
4 persons	2,670	...	...	16.4	...	...
5 or more persons	1,130	...	...	7.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	16,245	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	14,245	...	...	87.7	...	...
Married couples	6,630	...	...	40.8	...	...
With children⁶	1,890	...	...	11.6	...	...
Without children	4,740	...	...	29.2	...	...
Common-law couples	7,610	...	...	46.8	...	...
With children⁶	3,890	...	...	23.9	...	...
Without children	3,720	...	...	22.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,005	...	...	12.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,350	...	...	8.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	655	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	54,160	27,550	26,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	44,360	22,225	22,135	81.9	80.7	83.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	28,480	14,215	14,265	52.6	51.6	53.6
Parents in one-parent families	2,005	650	1,355	3.7	2.4	5.1
Children⁶	13,870	7,355	6,515	25.6	26.7	24.5
In a two-parent family	10,805	5,695	5,110	20.0	20.7	19.2
In a one-parent family	3,065	1,660	1,405	5.7	6.0	5.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	9,800	5,325	4,480	18.1	19.3	16.8
Living alone	8,145	4,430	3,715	15.0	16.1	14.0
Living with other relatives⁷	700	340	360	1.3	1.2	1.4
Living with non-relatives only	955	555	400	1.8	2.0	1.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	24,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	15,590	...	...	62.8	...	...
Couple-family households	13,785	...	...	55.6	...	...
With children⁶	5,605	...	...	22.6	...	...
Without children	8,180	...	...	33.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,810	...	...	7.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	195	...	...	0.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	50	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	285	...	...	1.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	540	...	...	2.2	...	...
One-person households	8,145	...	...	32.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	44,725	22,735	21,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	44,160	22,500	21,660	98.7	99.0	98.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	48,400	36,000	42,400	48,400	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	44,175	22,505	21,665	98.8	99.0	98.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	41,600	32,400	37,200	41,600	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	40,100	20,975	19,125	89.7	92.3	87.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	42,000	27,000	34,400	42,000	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,295	16,850	14,445	70.0	74.1	65.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,400	31,400	38,400	44,400	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	36,685	17,820	18,855	82.0	78.4	85.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	11,000	12,600	12,000	11,000	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,220	3,530	2,690	13.9	15.5	12.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,640	5,680	5,680	5,640	5,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,390	6,055	5,330	25.5	26.6	24.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,480	7,000	6,000	5,480	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	44,725	22,740	21,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,140	22,485	21,655	98.7	98.9	98.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,480	55,350	41,320	48,480	55,350	41,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,160	22,500	21,660	98.7	98.9	98.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,320	44,800	35,680	40,320	44,800	35,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40,150	21,030	19,115	89.8	92.5	86.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,760	49,080	33,760	41,760	49,080	33,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,295	16,865	14,430	70.0	74.2	65.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,880	49,720	37,040	43,880	49,720	37,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	36,575	17,760	18,815	81.8	78.1	85.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,640	11,990	13,260	12,640	11,990	13,260
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,015	3,420	2,590	13.4	15.0	11.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,270	6,680	8,060	7,270	6,680	8,060
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,015	6,010	5,005	24.6	26.4	22.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,110	6,640	7,680	7,110	6,640	7,680
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	44,725	22,735	21,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	15,490	8,655	6,835	34.6	38.1	31.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,000	60,800	50,800	56,000	60,800	50,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,850	69,000	55,050	62,850	69,000	55,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	12,485	6,285	6,200	27.9	27.6	28.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	25,800	17,200	20,600	25,800	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,280	33,560	22,920	28,280	33,560	22,920
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.4	82.8	72.2	78.4	82.8	72.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.2	67.4	59.7	64.2	67.4	59.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.6	17.1	27.9	21.6	17.1	27.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.8	2.3	2.0	1.8	2.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.4	3.8	5.4	4.4	3.8	5.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	3.2	4.3	3.7	3.2	4.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	44,725	22,740	21,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	560	235	325	1.3	1.0	1.5
With total income	44,165	22,505	21,660	98.7	99.0	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,415	890	1,525	5.5	4.0	7.0
$10,000 to $19,999	5,270	1,850	3,420	11.9	8.2	15.8
$20,000 to $29,999	7,275	3,275	4,005	16.5	14.6	18.5
$30,000 to $39,999	5,715	2,605	3,105	12.9	11.6	14.3
$40,000 to $49,999	6,145	3,160	2,990	13.9	14.0	13.8
$50,000 to $59,999	5,135	2,840	2,295	11.6	12.6	10.6
$60,000 to $69,999	3,780	2,300	1,480	8.6	10.2	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	2,760	1,805	955	6.2	8.0	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,725	1,100	625	3.9	4.9	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,210	720	495	2.7	3.2	2.3
$100,000 and over	2,720	1,965	750	6.2	8.7	3.5
$100,000 to $149,999	2,180	1,550	625	4.9	6.9	2.9
$150,000 and over	545	415	130	1.2	1.8	0.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	44,725	22,740	21,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	550	225	320	1.2	1.0	1.5
With after-tax income	44,175	22,510	21,665	98.8	99.0	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,630	945	1,685	6.0	4.2	7.8
$10,000 to $19,999	5,525	1,975	3,545	12.5	8.8	16.4
$20,000 to $29,999	8,455	3,785	4,675	19.1	16.8	21.6
$30,000 to $39,999	7,600	3,800	3,800	17.2	16.9	17.5
$40,000 to $49,999	7,490	4,180	3,310	17.0	18.6	15.3
$50,000 to $59,999	5,130	3,150	1,980	11.6	14.0	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	3,090	1,880	1,210	7.0	8.4	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	1,770	1,050	715	4.0	4.7	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,060	705	350	2.4	3.1	1.6
$90,000 to $99,999	605	440	165	1.4	2.0	0.8
$100,000 and over	815	590	230	1.8	2.6	1.1
$100,000 to $124,999	490	350	140	1.1	1.6	0.6
$125,000 and over	325	235	90	0.7	1.0	0.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	44,725	22,740	21,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	13,430	5,885	7,550	30.0	25.9	34.3
With employment income	31,295	16,850	14,440	70.0	74.1	65.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,685	1,870	1,815	11.8	11.1	12.6
$5,000 to $9,999	2,220	975	1,240	7.1	5.8	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	3,685	1,585	2,100	11.8	9.4	14.5
$20,000 to $29,999	3,220	1,415	1,800	10.3	8.4	12.5
$30,000 to $39,999	3,450	1,670	1,780	11.0	9.9	12.3
$40,000 to $49,999	3,685	1,970	1,720	11.8	11.7	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	3,135	1,850	1,290	10.0	11.0	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	2,310	1,515	795	7.4	9.0	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	1,775	1,185	595	5.7	7.0	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	1,280	810	475	4.1	4.8	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	870	550	320	2.8	3.3	2.2
$100,000 and over	1,980	1,460	515	6.3	8.7	3.6
$100,000 to $124,999	1,170	835	335	3.7	5.0	2.3
$125,000 and over	810	625	185	2.6	3.7	1.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	44,725	22,735	21,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	43,795	22,300	21,490	97.9	98.1	97.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	46,800	33,200	40,000	46,800	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	43,815	22,300	21,515	98.0	98.1	97.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	40,400	29,800	35,600	40,400	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	39,720	20,830	18,890	88.8	91.6	85.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	43,200	28,400	35,600	43,200	28,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	31,885	17,115	14,770	71.3	75.3	67.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	45,200	31,600	38,400	45,200	31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,470	16,000	17,470	74.8	70.4	79.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,300	8,600	10,100	9,300	8,600	10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,300	3,685	2,615	14.1	16.2	11.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,040	5,120	4,880	5,040	5,120	4,880
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	44,725	22,740	21,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	43,770	22,280	21,490	97.9	98.0	97.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,160	53,700	38,360	46,160	53,700	38,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	43,800	22,280	21,520	97.9	98.0	97.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,480	43,720	33,080	38,480	43,720	33,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	39,710	20,885	18,820	88.8	91.8	85.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,160	49,800	33,680	42,160	49,800	33,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	31,835	17,135	14,705	71.2	75.4	66.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,720	50,320	36,040	43,720	50,320	36,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,560	16,040	17,520	75.0	70.5	79.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,320	9,720	10,870	10,320	9,720	10,870
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,290	3,680	2,610	14.1	16.2	11.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,610	5,875	7,650	6,610	5,875	7,650
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	44,725	22,735	21,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	15,485	8,670	6,810	34.6	38.1	31.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	58,800	46,400	52,800	58,800	46,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,500	66,400	50,680	59,500	66,400	50,680
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	12,000	6,065	5,935	26.8	26.7	27.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,800	31,800	20,000	24,800	31,800	20,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,560	38,960	26,000	32,560	38,960	26,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.8	87.0	76.8	82.8	87.0	76.8
Employment income (%)	69.0	72.2	64.2	69.0	72.2	64.2
Government transfers (%)	17.2	13.0	23.1	17.2	13.0	23.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	1.8	2.4	2.1	1.8	2.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	24,805	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,145	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	16,665	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	24,810	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,200	...	...	86,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	71,800	...	...	71,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,145	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,240	...	...	44,240	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,520	...	...	36,520	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	16,665	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,800	...	...	106,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	24,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	125	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	105	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	255	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	430	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,635	...	...	6.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	940	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	840	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,200	...	...	4.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,205	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,220	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,070	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,895	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,710	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,575	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,510	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,100	...	...	32.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,110	...	...	12.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,040	...	...	8.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,985	...	...	8.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	975	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	24,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	150	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	110	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	270	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	455	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,725	...	...	7.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,090	...	...	4.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,095	...	...	4.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,530	...	...	6.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,500	...	...	6.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,365	...	...	5.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,390	...	...	9.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,170	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,985	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,860	...	...	7.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,620	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,500	...	...	22.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,790	...	...	11.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,460	...	...	5.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,250	...	...	5.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	16,295	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,230	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	5,810	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,960	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	9,100	4,980	4,120	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	43,200	31,200	37,600	43,200	31,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	37,600	29,000	33,600	37,600	29,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	16,265	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,900	...	...	106,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,100	...	...	89,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,220	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,800	...	...	92,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,400	...	...	77,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,850	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,900	...	...	113,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,935	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,700	...	...	73,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	9,130	5,055	4,075	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,840	47,880	38,840	43,840	47,880	38,840
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,280	38,120	34,000	36,280	38,120	34,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	54,160	27,545	26,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	10,875	5,540	5,335	20.1	20.1	20.0
0 to 5 years	3,595	1,815	1,775	6.6	6.6	6.7
18 to 64 years	31,250	15,960	15,290	57.7	57.9	57.4
65 years and over	12,030	6,050	5,985	22.2	22.0	22.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,870	2,705	3,165	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	730	350	380	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	250	125	125	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,345	1,210	1,135	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,790	1,145	1,650	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.8	9.8	11.9	10.8	9.8	11.9
0 to 17 years (%)	6.7	6.4	7.1	6.7	6.4	7.1
0 to 5 years (%)	7.0	6.8	7.1	7.0	6.8	7.1
18 to 64 years (%)	7.5	7.6	7.4	7.5	7.6	7.4
65 years and over (%)	23.2	18.9	27.6	23.2	18.9	27.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	54,160	27,550	26,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	10,875	5,535	5,340	20.1	20.1	20.1
0 to 5 years	3,595	1,820	1,780	6.6	6.6	6.7
18 to 64 years	31,255	15,960	15,295	57.7	57.9	57.5
65 years and over	12,035	6,050	5,985	22.2	22.0	22.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,035	555	480	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	130	55	70	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	35	15	20	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	790	455	335	...	...	...
65 years and over	115	45	70	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.9	2.0	1.8	1.9	2.0	1.8
0 to 17 years (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.4
0 to 5 years (%)	1.1	0.9	1.2	1.1	0.9	1.2
18 to 64 years (%)	2.5	2.8	2.2	2.5	2.8	2.2
65 years and over (%)	0.9	0.7	1.2	0.9	0.7	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	54,160	27,545	26,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	30,605	15,300	15,310	56.5	55.5	57.5
In bottom decile	4,480	2,055	2,425	8.3	7.5	9.1
In second decile	6,030	2,920	3,115	11.1	10.6	11.7
In third decile	6,275	3,190	3,085	11.6	11.6	11.6
In fourth decile	6,755	3,460	3,295	12.5	12.6	12.4
In fifth decile	7,070	3,680	3,390	13.1	13.4	12.7
In top half of the distribution	23,550	12,250	11,300	43.5	44.5	42.5
In sixth decile	6,805	3,535	3,265	12.6	12.8	12.3
In seventh decile	6,120	3,150	2,975	11.3	11.4	11.2
In eighth decile	5,015	2,615	2,400	9.3	9.5	9.0
In ninth decile	3,545	1,845	1,700	6.5	6.7	6.4
In top decile	2,070	1,105	960	3.8	4.0	3.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	54,160	...	...	54,160	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.279	...	...	0.279	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.409	...	...	0.409	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.241	...	...	0.241	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	54,900	27,800	27,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	80	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
French only	39,495	19,330	20,165	71.9	69.5	74.4
English and French	15,240	8,360	6,880	27.8	30.1	25.4
Neither English nor French	85	70	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	54,900	27,800	27,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	605	320	285	1.1	1.2	1.1
French	54,065	27,335	26,735	98.5	98.3	98.7
English and French	150	85	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Neither English nor French	75	70	15	0.1	0.3	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	54,900	27,800	27,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	54,465	27,575	26,890	99.2	99.2	99.2
Official languages	53,950	27,275	26,680	98.3	98.1	98.5
English	545	275	270	1.0	1.0	1.0
French	53,405	26,995	26,410	97.3	97.1	97.5
Non-official languages	515	305	215	0.9	1.1	0.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	510	300	215	0.9	1.1	0.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	120	80	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Berber languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	115	75	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	115	75	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	320	190	135	0.6	0.7	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	240	150	90	0.4	0.5	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	195	130	65	0.4	0.5	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	435	230	205	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	340	180	160	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	54,900	27,800	27,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	255	125	130	0.5	0.4	0.5
French	52,600	26,550	26,055	95.8	95.5	96.2
Non-official language	140	100	40	0.3	0.4	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	140	100	40	0.3	0.4	0.1
English and French	1,420	775	645	2.6	2.8	2.4
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	310	155	150	0.6	0.6	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	160	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	54,900	27,800	27,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	54,530	27,595	26,930	99.3	99.3	99.4
Official languages	54,290	27,435	26,860	98.9	98.7	99.1
English	475	245	230	0.9	0.9	0.8
French	53,815	27,190	26,625	98.0	97.8	98.3
Non-official languages	235	165	75	0.4	0.6	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	235	165	75	0.4	0.6	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	140	100	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	115	90	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	110	85	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	370	205	165	0.7	0.7	0.6
English and French	270	150	115	0.5	0.5	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	54,900	27,805	27,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	53,335	26,970	26,370	97.1	97.0	97.3
English	975	530	445	1.8	1.9	1.6
French	280	155	125	0.5	0.6	0.5
Non-official language	175	85	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	175	85	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	90	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	54,160	27,545	26,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	54,085	27,490	26,600	99.9	99.8	99.9
English	15,305	8,440	6,865	28.3	30.6	25.8
French	53,955	27,420	26,530	99.6	99.5	99.7
Non-official languages	1,850	925	930	3.4	3.4	3.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,850	925	930	3.4	3.4	3.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	235	150	80	0.4	0.5	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	235	150	80	0.4	0.5	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	235	150	80	0.4	0.5	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,515	715	800	2.8	2.6	3.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	135	75	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	95	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,370	630	740	2.5	2.3	2.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	55	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,305	600	700	2.4	2.2	2.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	54,160	27,545	26,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,035	530	500	1.9	1.9	1.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	990	510	475	1.8	1.9	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	610	290	320	1.1	1.1	1.2
Métis	345	200	145	0.6	0.7	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	53,125	27,015	26,115	98.1	98.1	98.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	54,160	27,545	26,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	250	120	130	0.5	0.4	0.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	53,915	27,430	26,485	99.5	99.6	99.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	24,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	19,320	...	...	77.9	...	...
Renter	5,490	...	...	22.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	24,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,025	...	...	4.1	...	...
Not condominium	23,780	...	...	95.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	24,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	50	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	2,545	...	...	10.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,905	...	...	31.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,880	...	...	35.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	5,435	...	...	21.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	24,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,735	...	...	23.1	...	...
5 rooms	4,600	...	...	18.5	...	...
6 rooms	4,030	...	...	16.2	...	...
7 rooms	3,480	...	...	14.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,965	...	...	28.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	24,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	24,765	...	...	99.8	...	...
More than one person per room	45	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	24,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	24,500	...	...	98.8	...	...
Not suitable	310	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	24,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,910	...	...	27.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,740	...	...	23.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,705	...	...	10.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,280	...	...	9.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,050	...	...	4.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,140	...	...	8.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,180	...	...	8.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,805	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	24,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	23,260	...	...	93.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,545	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	24,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	13,795	...	...	55.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	10,730	...	...	43.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	285	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	24,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	425	...	...	1.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,095	...	...	12.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,050	...	...	16.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,705	...	...	14.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,535	...	...	22.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,900	...	...	19.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,500	...	...	10.1	...	...
85 years and over	610	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	24,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	22,240	...	...	90.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,280	...	...	9.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,095	...	...	8.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	24,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,915	...	...	15.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,085	...	...	8.4	...	...
Not suitable only	270	...	...	1.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,335	...	...	5.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	185	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	20,895	...	...	84.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	24,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	640	...	...	2.6	...	...
Not in core need	23,695	...	...	97.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,125	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.0	...	...	61.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	870	...	...	870	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	952	...	...	952	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	226,000	...	...	226,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,200	...	...	250,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,440	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.9	...	...	8.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.8	...	...	17.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	632	...	...	632	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	656	...	...	656	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	54,160	27,550	26,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	840	435	400	1.6	1.6	1.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	835	435	400	1.5	1.6	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	695	350	345	1.3	1.3	1.3
Métis single ancestry	130	80	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,230	595	630	2.3	2.2	2.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,230	595	630	2.3	2.2	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,120	545	570	2.1	2.0	2.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	52,095	26,510	25,585	96.2	96.2	96.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	54,160	27,550	26,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	53,515	27,205	26,310	98.8	98.7	98.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	10,870	5,540	5,325	20.1	20.1	20.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	42,650	21,665	20,985	78.7	78.6	78.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	645	340	305	1.2	1.2	1.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	54,160	27,550	26,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	52,965	26,930	26,035	97.8	97.7	97.8
Immigrants⁸¹	875	420	455	1.6	1.5	1.7
Before 1980	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
1980 to 1990	90	60	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
1991 to 2000	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
2001 to 2010	270	140	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	280	100	175	0.5	0.4	0.7
2011 to 2015	105	35	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
2016 to 2021	175	65	110	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	320	195	120	0.6	0.7	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	880	425	455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	100	45	50	11.4	10.6	11.0
5 to 14 years	135	60	80	15.3	14.1	17.6
15 to 24 years	110	60	50	12.5	14.1	11.0
25 to 44 years	475	225	255	54.0	52.9	56.0
45 years and over	60	35	20	6.8	8.2	4.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	880	425	455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	185	80	105	21.0	18.8	23.1
Brazil	15	0	10	1.7	0.0	2.2
Colombia	10	0	0	1.1	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	2.2
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	20	10	15	2.3	2.4	3.3
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	50	15	35	5.7	3.5	7.7
Other places of birth in Americas	70	45	25	8.0	10.6	5.5
Europe	460	230	235	52.3	54.1	51.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	315	150	165	35.8	35.3	36.3
Germany	15	10	0	1.7	2.4	0.0
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	2.2
Netherlands	10	10	0	1.1	2.4	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	10	0	0	1.1	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0	10	1.7	0.0	2.2
Other places of birth in Europe	70	35	30	8.0	8.2	6.6
Africa	135	65	65	15.3	15.3	14.3
Algeria	10	10	0	1.1	2.4	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	30	15	15	3.4	3.5	3.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	90	45	50	10.2	10.6	11.0
Asia	100	50	45	11.4	11.8	9.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	10	20	2.8	2.4	4.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	30	15	15	3.4	3.5	3.3
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	10	0	1.1	2.4	0.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	170	65	110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	105	45	55	61.8	69.2	50.0
France	70	25	40	41.2	38.5	36.4
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	30	20	0	17.6	30.8	0.0
Africa	60	20	40	35.3	30.8	36.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	45	20	30	26.5	30.8	27.3
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	10	5.9	0.0	9.1
Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	54,160	27,545	26,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,355	675	675	2.5	2.5	2.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,220	565	655	2.3	2.1	2.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	51,590	26,300	25,285	95.3	95.5	95.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	760	355	405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	410	215	200	53.9	60.6	49.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	210	140	70	27.6	39.4	17.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	195	75	120	25.7	21.1	29.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	275	110	165	36.2	31.0	40.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	60	25	40	7.9	7.0	9.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	760	355	405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	0	20	2.6	0.0	4.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	185	100	80	24.3	28.2	19.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	40	25	15	5.3	7.0	3.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	45	10	30	5.9	2.8	7.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	15	1.3	0.0	3.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	465	215	245	61.2	60.6	60.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	54,160	27,545	26,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	805	410	400	1.5	1.5	1.5
South Asian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black	190	60	130	0.4	0.2	0.5
Filipino	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab	225	140	80	0.4	0.5	0.3
Latin American	180	110	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Southeast Asian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	53,355	27,140	26,210	98.5	98.5	98.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	54,160	27,550	26,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	23,765	12,015	11,745	43.9	43.6	44.1
English	405	190	215	0.7	0.7	0.8
Irish	1,880	805	1,075	3.5	2.9	4.0
Scottish	605	310	295	1.1	1.1	1.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	12,705	6,330	6,370	23.5	23.0	23.9
German	445	215	230	0.8	0.8	0.9
Chinese	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italian	375	180	195	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indian (India)	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	120	70	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Polish	70	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Québécois	8,140	4,195	3,940	15.0	15.2	14.8
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Filipino	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French Canadian	5,620	2,920	2,700	10.4	10.6	10.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,190	625	565	2.2	2.3	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	815	395	425	1.5	1.4	1.6
Métis	230	140	95	0.4	0.5	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	605	325	280	1.1	1.2	1.1
Russian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
American	290	125	160	0.5	0.5	0.6
Spanish	200	85	120	0.4	0.3	0.5
Swedish	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Acadian	415	205	200	0.8	0.7	0.8
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	125	80	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Greek	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	25	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	775	380	390	1.4	1.4	1.5
Danish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	120	70	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Belgian	200	85	115	0.4	0.3	0.4
Haitian	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	185	85	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovak	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	160	70	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	110	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	85	60	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	135	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	70	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	54,160	27,545	26,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Christian	40,945	20,645	20,290	75.6	75.0	76.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,035	1,520	1,510	5.6	5.5	5.7
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	110	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	37,430	18,890	18,545	69.1	68.6	69.7
Christian Orthodox	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jehovah's Witness	105	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	260	160	105	0.5	0.6	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	90	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	12,840	6,680	6,155	23.7	24.3	23.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	53,550	27,240	26,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	48,605	24,850	23,760	90.8	91.2	90.3
Movers	4,935	2,390	2,550	9.2	8.8	9.7
Non-migrants	1,920	910	1,005	3.6	3.3	3.8
Migrants	3,020	1,480	1,540	5.6	5.4	5.9
Internal migrants	2,860	1,385	1,480	5.3	5.1	5.6
Intraprovincial migrants	2,760	1,335	1,430	5.2	4.9	5.4
Interprovincial migrants	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	160	95	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	51,225	26,085	25,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	34,790	17,815	16,975	67.9	68.3	67.5
Movers	16,435	8,265	8,165	32.1	31.7	32.5
Non-migrants	4,160	2,085	2,070	8.1	8.0	8.2
Migrants	12,275	6,175	6,095	24.0	23.7	24.2
Internal migrants	11,925	5,980	5,945	23.3	22.9	23.6
Intraprovincial migrants	11,630	5,830	5,800	22.7	22.4	23.1
Interprovincial migrants	300	150	145	0.6	0.6	0.6
External migrants	350	200	150	0.7	0.8	0.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	44,725	22,735	21,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,995	4,975	4,015	20.1	21.9	18.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	35,730	17,760	17,970	79.9	78.1	81.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	28,465	14,670	13,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,620	2,310	1,310	12.7	15.7	9.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	24,845	12,360	12,490	87.3	84.3	90.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	44,725	22,740	21,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,835	4,165	3,670	17.5	18.3	16.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,475	5,165	5,315	23.4	22.7	24.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,415	13,405	13,010	59.1	58.9	59.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,435	11,035	9,405	45.7	48.5	42.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,855	7,100	3,760	24.3	31.2	17.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,165	4,875	3,285	18.3	21.4	14.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,695	2,225	465	6.0	9.8	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,220	3,430	4,790	18.4	15.1	21.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,360	505	855	3.0	2.2	3.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,980	2,375	3,605	13.4	10.4	16.4
Bachelor's degree	4,270	1,670	2,600	9.5	7.3	11.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	485	185	300	1.1	0.8	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	85	30	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
Master's degree	1,005	415	590	2.2	1.8	2.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	130	80	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	28,465	14,670	13,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,830	1,775	1,050	9.9	12.1	7.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,500	2,930	2,565	19.3	20.0	18.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,135	9,960	10,180	70.7	67.9	73.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,505	8,300	7,210	54.5	56.6	52.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,530	5,510	3,020	30.0	37.6	21.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,480	3,800	2,685	22.8	25.9	19.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,050	1,715	335	7.2	11.7	2.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,100	2,490	3,610	21.4	17.0	26.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	880	300	580	3.1	2.0	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,630	1,660	2,970	16.3	11.3	21.5
Bachelor's degree	3,315	1,200	2,110	11.6	8.2	15.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	350	95	255	1.2	0.6	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	65	10	50	0.2	0.1	0.4
Master's degree	825	300	525	2.9	2.0	3.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	85	50	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	44,725	22,740	21,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,310	9,330	8,980	40.9	41.0	40.8
Education	2,255	510	1,745	5.0	2.2	7.9
13. Education	2,255	510	1,745	5.0	2.2	7.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	595	225	370	1.3	1.0	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	500	180	320	1.1	0.8	1.5
Humanities	855	375	480	1.9	1.6	2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	10	65	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	475	210	265	1.1	0.9	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	45	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	125	50	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,735	395	1,335	3.9	1.7	6.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	165	75	90	0.4	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	575	10	565	1.3	0.0	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	215	70	145	0.5	0.3	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	305	60	250	0.7	0.3	1.1
45. Social sciences	420	180	245	0.9	0.8	1.1
Business, management and public administration	5,310	1,490	3,815	11.9	6.6	17.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	325	60	260	0.7	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,985	1,435	3,555	11.1	6.3	16.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	840	455	385	1.9	2.0	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	295	115	180	0.7	0.5	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	185	85	105	0.4	0.4	0.5
40. Physical sciences	195	155	35	0.4	0.7	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	670	440	230	1.5	1.9	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	590	425	170	1.3	1.9	0.8
25. Library science	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,315	6,770	545	16.4	29.8	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	130	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	465	415	45	1.0	1.8	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,325	1,165	165	3.0	5.1	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,700	1,660	40	3.8	7.3	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,165	2,060	100	4.8	9.1	0.5
48. Precision production	1,530	1,410	120	3.4	6.2	0.5
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,420	950	470	3.2	4.2	2.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	830	465	365	1.9	2.0	1.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	595	485	105	1.3	2.1	0.5
Health and related fields	2,860	405	2,455	6.4	1.8	11.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	160	70	90	0.4	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,660	330	2,330	5.9	1.5	10.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,530	1,390	1,140	5.7	6.1	5.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,235	300	935	2.8	1.3	4.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	385	255	125	0.9	1.1	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	895	820	80	2.0	3.6	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	28,470	14,670	13,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,330	4,710	3,620	29.3	32.1	26.2
Education	1,435	270	1,170	5.0	1.8	8.5
13. Education	1,435	270	1,170	5.0	1.8	8.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	510	185	325	1.8	1.3	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	80	30	45	0.3	0.2	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	425	150	280	1.5	1.0	2.0
Humanities	565	215	350	2.0	1.5	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	10	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	305	125	185	1.1	0.9	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	90	20	70	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,385	290	1,095	4.9	2.0	7.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	135	60	75	0.5	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	485	10	475	1.7	0.1	3.4
22. Legal professions and studies	180	50	130	0.6	0.3	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	255	50	205	0.9	0.3	1.5
45. Social sciences	305	120	190	1.1	0.8	1.4
Business, management and public administration	4,090	1,080	3,015	14.4	7.4	21.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	250	30	215	0.9	0.2	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,845	1,045	2,800	13.5	7.1	20.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	570	315	255	2.0	2.1	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	245	95	150	0.9	0.6	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	70	40	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
40. Physical sciences	150	120	30	0.5	0.8	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	40	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	585	400	185	2.1	2.7	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	540	395	145	1.9	2.7	1.1
25. Library science	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,550	5,070	475	19.5	34.6	3.4
04. Architecture and related services	100	40	60	0.4	0.3	0.4
14. Engineering	370	320	45	1.3	2.2	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	990	840	150	3.5	5.7	1.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,255	1,230	25	4.4	8.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,635	1,560	75	5.7	10.6	0.5
48. Precision production	1,190	1,075	115	4.2	7.3	0.8
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,130	720	410	4.0	4.9	3.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	655	350	305	2.3	2.4	2.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	470	370	105	1.7	2.5	0.8
Health and related fields	2,230	290	1,940	7.8	2.0	14.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	125	45	80	0.4	0.3	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,065	240	1,830	7.3	1.6	13.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,055	1,125	930	7.2	7.7	6.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,000	250	750	3.5	1.7	5.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	300	195	110	1.1	1.3	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	745	670	70	2.6	4.6	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	28,470	14,670	13,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,330	4,710	3,620	29.3	32.1	26.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	20,135	9,960	10,175	70.7	67.9	73.8
Location of study inside Canada	19,610	9,705	9,900	68.9	66.2	71.8
Same as province or territory of residence	19,345	9,575	9,770	67.9	65.3	70.8
Different than province or territory of residence	265	135	130	0.9	0.9	0.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	525	250	275	1.8	1.7	2.0
Americas	140	65	75	0.5	0.4	0.5
United States of America	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexico	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Europe	225	110	115	0.8	0.7	0.8
Belgium	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
France	190	95	95	0.7	0.6	0.7
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Africa	135	65	70	0.5	0.4	0.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	85	45	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Asia	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	44,725	22,740	21,990	...	...	...
In the labour force	27,945	14,980	12,960	...	...	...
Employed	26,465	14,170	12,290	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,480	810	670	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	16,785	7,755	9,030	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.5	65.9	58.9	62.5	65.9	58.9
Employment rate	59.2	62.3	55.9	59.2	62.3	55.9
Unemployment rate	5.3	5.4	5.2	5.3	5.4	5.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	44,725	22,740	21,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	16,010	7,335	8,675	35.8	32.3	39.4
Worked	28,715	15,400	13,310	64.2	67.7	60.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	15,830	8,895	6,935	35.4	39.1	31.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	12,880	6,505	6,375	28.8	28.6	29.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.7	43.2	42.2	42.7	43.2	42.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	27,940	14,980	12,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	405	215	185	1.4	1.4	1.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	27,535	14,765	12,770	98.6	98.6	98.5
Employee	24,395	12,980	11,410	87.3	86.6	88.0
Permanent position	20,600	11,005	9,590	73.7	73.5	74.0
Temporary position	3,800	1,975	1,825	13.6	13.2	14.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,155	490	665	4.1	3.3	5.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,645	1,485	1,165	9.5	9.9	9.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,140	1,780	1,355	11.2	11.9	10.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	27,940	14,980	12,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	405	215	185	1.4	1.4	1.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	27,535	14,765	12,770	98.6	98.6	98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	475	370	100	1.7	2.5	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,240	1,230	3,015	15.2	8.2	23.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,685	1,255	430	6.0	8.4	3.3
3 Health occupations	2,115	285	1,830	7.6	1.9	14.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,465	975	2,485	12.4	6.5	19.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	595	235	355	2.1	1.6	2.7
6 Sales and service occupations	6,115	2,620	3,495	21.9	17.5	27.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,050	5,635	415	21.7	37.6	3.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,010	765	245	3.6	5.1	1.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,790	1,390	400	6.4	9.3	3.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	27,940	14,980	12,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	405	215	185	1.4	1.4	1.4
All industries¹⁹¹	27,535	14,765	12,770	98.6	98.6	98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	995	685	315	3.6	4.6	2.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	155	140	10	0.6	0.9	0.1
22 Utilities	140	110	30	0.5	0.7	0.2
23 Construction	2,265	2,005	265	8.1	13.4	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	3,955	2,950	1,005	14.2	19.7	7.8
41 Wholesale trade	830	615	215	3.0	4.1	1.7
44-45 Retail trade	3,190	1,475	1,715	11.4	9.8	13.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,195	915	280	4.3	6.1	2.2
51 Information and cultural industries	205	140	65	0.7	0.9	0.5
52 Finance and insurance	960	355	610	3.4	2.4	4.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	280	175	105	1.0	1.2	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,445	670	780	5.2	4.5	6.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	760	465	295	2.7	3.1	2.3
61 Educational services	1,855	475	1,375	6.6	3.2	10.6
62 Health care and social assistance	3,615	565	3,045	12.9	3.8	23.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	410	215	195	1.5	1.4	1.5
72 Accommodation and food services	1,305	580	725	4.7	3.9	5.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,530	875	655	5.5	5.8	5.1
91 Public administration	2,445	1,350	1,090	8.8	9.0	8.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	29,965	16,040	13,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	215	115	100	0.7	0.7	0.7
French	26,600	14,015	12,590	88.8	87.4	90.4
Non-official language	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	3,000	1,830	1,170	10.0	11.4	8.4
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	60	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	29,965	16,040	13,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	29,560	15,795	13,760	98.6	98.5	98.8
Official languages	29,525	15,775	13,750	98.5	98.3	98.7
English	565	295	270	1.9	1.8	1.9
French	28,965	15,485	13,485	96.7	96.5	96.8
Non-official languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	30	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	405	240	165	1.4	1.5	1.2
English and French	390	235	160	1.3	1.5	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	29,965	16,040	13,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	27,230	14,375	12,850	90.9	89.6	92.3
English	2,290	1,430	860	7.6	8.9	6.2
French	335	175	160	1.1	1.1	1.1
Non-official language	50	20	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	50	20	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	26,460	14,175	12,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	4,215	1,875	2,340	15.9	13.2	19.0
Worked outside Canada	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
No fixed workplace address	3,060	2,515	545	11.6	17.7	4.4
Usual place of work	19,150	9,760	9,385	72.4	68.9	76.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	19,150	9,760	9,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	6,045	2,780	3,265	31.6	28.5	34.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,605	2,835	2,765	29.3	29.0	29.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,480	4,125	3,350	39.1	42.3	35.7
Commute to a different province or territory	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	22,215	12,280	9,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	20,865	11,600	9,260	93.9	94.5	93.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	20,120	11,265	8,855	90.6	91.7	89.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	745	335	410	3.4	2.7	4.1
Public transit	75	30	45	0.3	0.2	0.5
Walked	830	345	480	3.7	2.8	4.8
Bicycle	110	85	25	0.5	0.7	0.3
Other method	340	220	120	1.5	1.8	1.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	22,215	12,280	9,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	7,915	3,895	4,020	35.6	31.7	40.5
15 to 29 minutes	6,260	3,465	2,795	28.2	28.2	28.1
30 to 44 minutes	5,405	3,275	2,135	24.3	26.7	21.5
45 to 59 minutes	1,800	1,065	735	8.1	8.7	7.4
60 minutes and over	830	585	245	3.7	4.8	2.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	22,215	12,280	9,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,855	1,480	375	8.4	12.1	3.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,450	3,730	1,720	24.5	30.4	17.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,040	3,555	3,480	31.7	28.9	35.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,565	1,390	2,180	16.0	11.3	22.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,350	400	950	6.1	3.3	9.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,945	1,715	1,225	13.3	14.0	12.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	11,030	5,625	5,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	850	425	430	7.7	7.6	8.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,180	5,205	4,975	92.3	92.5	92.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	7,840	4,015	3,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	635	310	325	8.1	7.7	8.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	460	230	235	5.9	5.7	6.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	170	80	90	2.2	2.0	2.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,205	3,705	3,500	91.9	92.3	91.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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