Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Portneuf--Jacques-CartierMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	106,610	54,315	52,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,635	10,080	9,555	18.4	18.6	18.3
0 to 4 years	6,060	3,100	2,960	5.7	5.7	5.7
5 to 9 years	6,865	3,480	3,385	6.4	6.4	6.5
10 to 14 years	6,710	3,500	3,205	6.3	6.4	6.1
15 to 64 years	65,790	33,825	31,970	61.7	62.3	61.1
15 to 19 years	5,000	2,610	2,385	4.7	4.8	4.6
20 to 24 years	4,475	2,410	2,065	4.2	4.4	3.9
25 to 29 years	5,700	2,880	2,815	5.3	5.3	5.4
30 to 34 years	6,720	3,390	3,325	6.3	6.2	6.4
35 to 39 years	7,070	3,595	3,470	6.6	6.6	6.6
40 to 44 years	7,460	3,890	3,570	7.0	7.2	6.8
45 to 49 years	6,400	3,295	3,105	6.0	6.1	5.9
50 to 54 years	6,435	3,295	3,140	6.0	6.1	6.0
55 to 59 years	8,130	4,115	4,010	7.6	7.6	7.7
60 to 64 years	8,410	4,335	4,075	7.9	8.0	7.8
65 years and over	21,185	10,410	10,770	19.9	19.2	20.6
65 to 69 years	7,345	3,745	3,600	6.9	6.9	6.9
70 to 74 years	5,850	3,035	2,815	5.5	5.6	5.4
75 to 79 years	3,745	1,900	1,845	3.5	3.5	3.5
80 to 84 years	2,225	1,030	1,200	2.1	1.9	2.3
85 years and over	2,015	710	1,310	1.9	1.3	2.5
85 to 89 years	1,225	475	750	1.1	0.9	1.4
90 to 94 years	615	200	415	0.6	0.4	0.8
95 to 99 years	160	25	125	0.2	0.0	0.2
100 years and over	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.4	18.6	18.3	18.4	18.6	18.3
15 to 64 years	61.7	62.3	61.1	61.7	62.3	61.1
65 years and over	19.9	19.2	20.6	19.9	19.2	20.6
85 years and over	1.9	1.3	2.5	1.9	1.3	2.5
Average age of the population	42.2	41.8	42.7	42.2	41.8	42.7
Median age of the population	43.2	42.8	43.6	43.2	42.8	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	44,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	33,660	...	...	74.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,380	...	...	5.3	...	...
Row house	710	...	...	1.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,365	...	...	5.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,810	...	...	8.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,535	...	...	3.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	390	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	44,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	12,835	...	...	28.5	...	...
2 persons	17,470	...	...	38.8	...	...
3 persons	5,915	...	...	13.2	...	...
4 persons	6,140	...	...	13.7	...	...
5 or more persons	2,625	...	...	5.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	104,105	53,060	51,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	86,975	44,230	42,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	56,635	28,275	28,365	65.1	63.9	66.4
Married	26,545	13,290	13,260	30.5	30.0	31.0
Living common-law	30,090	14,980	15,110	34.6	33.9	35.4
Living common law - Never married	24,940	12,380	12,555	28.7	28.0	29.4
Living common law - Separated	275	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	4,370	2,235	2,140	5.0	5.1	5.0
Living common law - Widowed	505	230	275	0.6	0.5	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	30,335	15,960	14,380	34.9	36.1	33.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	21,205	12,335	8,875	24.4	27.9	20.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	910	480	430	1.0	1.1	1.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,405	2,135	2,270	5.1	4.8	5.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,815	1,005	2,805	4.4	2.3	6.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	31,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,375	...	...	55.2	...	...
3 persons	5,735	...	...	18.2	...	...
4 persons	5,995	...	...	19.1	...	...
5 or more persons	2,355	...	...	7.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	31,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	27,885	...	...	88.6	...	...
Married couples	12,845	...	...	40.8	...	...
With children⁶	4,425	...	...	14.1	...	...
Without children	8,425	...	...	26.8	...	...
Common-law couples	15,040	...	...	47.8	...	...
With children⁶	8,175	...	...	26.0	...	...
Without children	6,865	...	...	21.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,575	...	...	11.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,315	...	...	7.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,265	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	104,105	53,060	51,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	88,380	44,465	43,915	84.9	83.8	86.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	55,775	27,815	27,960	53.6	52.4	54.8
Parents in one-parent families	3,575	1,265	2,310	3.4	2.4	4.5
Children⁶	29,025	15,380	13,645	27.9	29.0	26.7
In a two-parent family	23,525	12,370	11,150	22.6	23.3	21.8
In a one-parent family	5,500	3,005	2,490	5.3	5.7	4.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,725	8,600	7,125	15.1	16.2	14.0
Living alone	12,835	7,010	5,820	12.3	13.2	11.4
Living with other relatives⁷	1,205	590	615	1.2	1.1	1.2
Living with non-relatives only	1,690	1,000	690	1.6	1.9	1.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	44,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	30,230	...	...	67.2	...	...
Couple-family households	26,995	...	...	60.0	...	...
With children⁶	12,215	...	...	27.2	...	...
Without children	14,780	...	...	32.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,240	...	...	7.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	370	...	...	0.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	95	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	530	...	...	1.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	915	...	...	2.0	...	...
One-person households	12,835	...	...	28.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	84,495	43,000	41,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,365	42,490	40,870	98.7	98.8	98.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	54,400	41,200	47,600	54,400	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,380	42,505	40,880	98.7	98.8	98.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	45,600	36,400	41,200	45,600	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,805	40,445	37,355	92.1	94.1	90.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,800	32,000	40,400	48,800	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,485	33,355	29,135	74.0	77.6	70.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	50,000	36,400	43,200	50,000	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,730	31,285	34,450	77.8	72.8	83.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,900	9,700	11,700	10,900	9,700	11,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,565	5,730	4,835	12.5	13.3	11.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,480	6,000	5,640	5,480	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,840	11,015	9,825	24.7	25.6	23.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,480	6,950	6,000	5,480	6,950
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	84,495	43,000	41,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,320	42,440	40,880	98.6	98.7	98.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,650	63,700	47,280	55,650	63,700	47,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,355	42,470	40,890	98.7	98.8	98.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,960	50,120	39,600	44,960	50,120	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,810	40,485	37,330	92.1	94.2	90.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,480	58,150	40,080	49,480	58,150	40,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,485	33,395	29,090	74.0	77.7	70.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,920	56,100	42,800	49,920	56,100	42,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65,590	31,160	34,430	77.6	72.5	83.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,980	11,170	12,710	11,980	11,170	12,710
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,265	5,575	4,690	12.1	13.0	11.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,560	6,520	8,800	7,560	6,520	8,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,640	11,010	9,630	24.4	25.6	23.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,200	6,740	7,730	7,200	6,740	7,730
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	84,495	43,000	41,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,380	17,800	14,580	38.3	41.4	35.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,800	68,500	56,000	62,800	68,500	56,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,500	77,300	62,150	70,500	77,300	62,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,880	11,905	11,975	28.3	27.7	28.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	25,600	17,800	20,600	25,600	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,640	35,920	25,400	30,640	35,920	25,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.0	87.2	77.4	83.0	87.2	77.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.2	69.4	64.4	67.2	69.4	64.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.0	12.9	22.6	17.0	12.9	22.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.4	2.1	1.7	1.4	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.8	3.2	4.7	3.8	3.2	4.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.2	2.8	3.9	3.2	2.8	3.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	84,495	43,000	41,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,135	510	625	1.3	1.2	1.5
With total income	83,360	42,490	40,870	98.7	98.8	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,620	1,865	2,760	5.5	4.4	6.8
$10,000 to $19,999	8,535	3,110	5,425	10.2	7.3	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	11,130	4,850	6,280	13.3	11.4	15.4
$30,000 to $39,999	9,480	4,150	5,330	11.4	9.8	13.1
$40,000 to $49,999	10,480	5,080	5,400	12.6	12.0	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	9,585	5,015	4,570	11.5	11.8	11.2
$60,000 to $69,999	7,715	4,490	3,230	9.3	10.6	7.9
$70,000 to $79,999	6,295	3,980	2,310	7.6	9.4	5.7
$80,000 to $89,999	4,455	2,705	1,755	5.3	6.4	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	3,115	1,770	1,345	3.7	4.2	3.3
$100,000 and over	7,950	5,475	2,475	9.5	12.9	6.0
$100,000 to $149,999	5,755	3,840	1,915	6.9	9.0	4.7
$150,000 and over	2,195	1,635	560	2.6	3.8	1.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	84,495	43,000	41,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,115	500	620	1.3	1.2	1.5
With after-tax income	83,380	42,505	40,880	98.7	98.8	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,105	2,000	3,105	6.1	4.7	7.6
$10,000 to $19,999	9,030	3,350	5,680	10.8	7.9	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	13,090	5,685	7,405	15.7	13.4	18.1
$30,000 to $39,999	12,785	6,055	6,730	15.3	14.2	16.5
$40,000 to $49,999	13,465	7,130	6,330	16.1	16.8	15.5
$50,000 to $59,999	10,700	6,380	4,315	12.8	15.0	10.6
$60,000 to $69,999	7,410	4,435	2,975	8.9	10.4	7.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,535	2,570	1,965	5.4	6.0	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,700	1,670	1,030	3.2	3.9	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,560	1,050	505	1.9	2.5	1.2
$100,000 and over	3,010	2,175	835	3.6	5.1	2.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,635	1,140	490	2.0	2.7	1.2
$125,000 and over	1,375	1,030	345	1.7	2.4	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	84,495	43,000	41,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	22,010	9,645	12,365	26.0	22.4	29.8
With employment income	62,485	33,355	29,135	74.0	77.6	70.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,945	3,595	3,355	11.1	10.8	11.5
$5,000 to $9,999	4,245	1,870	2,370	6.8	5.6	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	6,620	2,905	3,710	10.6	8.7	12.7
$20,000 to $29,999	5,500	2,380	3,125	8.8	7.1	10.7
$30,000 to $39,999	5,840	2,730	3,115	9.4	8.2	10.7
$40,000 to $49,999	6,560	3,250	3,315	10.5	9.7	11.4
$50,000 to $59,999	6,015	3,325	2,690	9.6	10.0	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	5,055	3,135	1,915	8.1	9.4	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,325	2,760	1,565	6.9	8.3	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,345	1,975	1,370	5.3	5.9	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,200	1,320	880	3.5	4.0	3.0
$100,000 and over	5,845	4,120	1,730	9.4	12.3	5.9
$100,000 to $124,999	3,040	2,040	1,005	4.9	6.1	3.5
$125,000 and over	2,800	2,075	725	4.5	6.2	2.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	84,495	43,000	41,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,555	42,060	40,495	97.7	97.8	97.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	53,200	38,800	45,600	53,200	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,615	42,060	40,555	97.8	97.8	97.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,800	34,400	39,600	44,800	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,045	40,120	36,925	91.2	93.3	89.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	49,600	33,200	41,200	49,600	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,305	33,690	29,620	74.9	78.3	71.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	50,400	36,400	43,200	50,400	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	59,180	27,500	31,675	70.0	64.0	76.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,500	7,400	9,100	8,500	7,400	9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	10,560	5,955	4,600	12.5	13.8	11.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,040	4,680	5,600	5,040	4,680	5,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	84,495	43,000	41,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,600	42,070	40,525	97.8	97.8	97.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,550	62,250	44,560	53,550	62,250	44,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,680	42,065	40,610	97.9	97.8	97.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,440	49,280	37,360	43,440	49,280	37,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,035	40,215	36,825	91.2	93.5	88.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,960	58,950	40,120	49,960	58,950	40,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,305	33,765	29,540	74.9	78.5	71.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,800	56,750	41,800	49,800	56,750	41,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	59,320	27,535	31,785	70.2	64.0	76.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,700	8,990	10,310	9,700	8,990	10,310
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,440	5,960	4,480	12.4	13.9	10.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,050	5,695	8,850	7,050	5,695	8,850
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	84,495	43,000	41,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,330	17,790	14,540	38.3	41.4	35.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,200	65,500	51,600	59,200	65,500	51,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,300	75,000	57,800	67,300	75,000	57,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,010	11,520	11,490	27.2	26.8	27.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,400	31,800	21,200	25,400	31,800	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,240	41,240	29,160	35,240	41,240	29,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.0	90.6	81.8	87.0	90.6	81.8
Employment income (%)	71.2	73.2	68.4	71.2	73.2	68.4
Government transfers (%)	13.0	9.5	18.2	13.0	9.5	18.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.3	2.2	1.7	1.3	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	44,980	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	12,835	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	44,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,145	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	44,980	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	103,100	...	...	103,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,300	...	...	83,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,850	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,040	...	...	51,040	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,320	...	...	41,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,135	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,900	...	...	123,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,100	...	...	100,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	44,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	190	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	145	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	335	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	570	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,020	...	...	4.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,265	...	...	2.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,160	...	...	2.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,640	...	...	3.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,775	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,775	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,250	...	...	7.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,155	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,030	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,840	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,760	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,060	...	...	42.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,095	...	...	13.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,550	...	...	10.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,955	...	...	11.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,455	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	44,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	255	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	155	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	360	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	615	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,135	...	...	4.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,505	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,530	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,185	...	...	4.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,270	...	...	5.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,110	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,020	...	...	8.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,830	...	...	8.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,560	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,450	...	...	7.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,210	...	...	7.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,790	...	...	30.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,115	...	...	13.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,625	...	...	8.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,050	...	...	9.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,500	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,870	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,635	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,500	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,520	8,015	6,510	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	48,400	37,200	43,200	48,400	37,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	41,200	33,600	38,000	41,200	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,440	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,200	...	...	124,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,300	...	...	100,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,910	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,600	...	...	106,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,100	...	...	86,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,675	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,800	...	...	156,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,900	...	...	125,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,435	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,100	...	...	81,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,300	...	...	68,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,565	8,045	6,525	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,320	54,950	44,600	50,320	54,950	44,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,880	43,120	38,120	40,880	43,120	38,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	104,105	53,060	51,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,735	11,690	11,045	21.8	22.0	21.6
0 to 5 years	7,420	3,795	3,625	7.1	7.2	7.1
18 to 64 years	61,690	31,435	30,260	59.3	59.2	59.3
65 years and over	19,680	9,935	9,745	18.9	18.7	19.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,845	3,670	4,170	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,095	555	545	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	350	170	180	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,320	1,715	1,605	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,430	1,405	2,020	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.5	6.9	8.2	7.5	6.9	8.2
0 to 17 years (%)	4.8	4.7	4.9	4.8	4.7	4.9
0 to 5 years (%)	4.7	4.4	5.0	4.7	4.4	5.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.4	5.5	5.3	5.4	5.5	5.3
65 years and over (%)	17.4	14.2	20.8	17.4	14.2	20.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	104,105	53,060	51,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,735	11,690	11,045	21.8	22.0	21.6
0 to 5 years	7,420	3,795	3,625	7.1	7.2	7.1
18 to 64 years	61,690	31,435	30,260	59.3	59.2	59.3
65 years and over	19,680	9,935	9,745	18.9	18.7	19.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,655	880	770	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	225	115	115	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	70	30	35	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,200	685	515	...	...	...
65 years and over	225	80	140	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.6	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.7	1.5
0 to 17 years (%)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
0 to 5 years (%)	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.9	0.9	1.0
18 to 64 years (%)	1.9	2.2	1.7	1.9	2.2	1.7
65 years and over (%)	1.1	0.8	1.4	1.1	0.8	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	104,100	53,065	51,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	48,375	24,180	24,195	46.5	45.6	47.4
In bottom decile	6,030	2,825	3,200	5.8	5.3	6.3
In second decile	8,490	4,050	4,430	8.2	7.6	8.7
In third decile	9,760	4,910	4,845	9.4	9.3	9.5
In fourth decile	11,310	5,765	5,545	10.9	10.9	10.9
In fifth decile	12,800	6,625	6,175	12.3	12.5	12.1
In top half of the distribution	55,725	28,880	26,850	53.5	54.4	52.6
In sixth decile	13,310	6,910	6,395	12.8	13.0	12.5
In seventh decile	13,170	6,820	6,350	12.7	12.9	12.4
In eighth decile	11,975	6,160	5,815	11.5	11.6	11.4
In ninth decile	9,855	5,080	4,775	9.5	9.6	9.4
In top decile	7,420	3,905	3,510	7.1	7.4	6.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	104,100	...	...	104,100	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.292	...	...	0.292	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.394	...	...	0.394	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.249	...	...	0.249	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	105,685	53,860	51,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	290	165	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
French only	66,455	32,370	34,085	62.9	60.1	65.8
English and French	38,810	21,220	17,590	36.7	39.4	33.9
Neither English nor French	130	105	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	105,685	53,860	51,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,985	1,045	940	1.9	1.9	1.8
French	103,115	52,470	50,640	97.6	97.4	97.7
English and French	480	255	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
Neither English nor French	115	95	25	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	105,685	53,860	51,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	104,415	53,180	51,230	98.8	98.7	98.8
Official languages	103,165	52,555	50,615	97.6	97.6	97.7
English	1,770	940	825	1.7	1.7	1.6
French	101,400	51,610	49,790	95.9	95.8	96.1
Non-official languages	1,245	630	615	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,245	630	615	1.2	1.2	1.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	215	135	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	205	130	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	205	125	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	845	410	440	0.8	0.8	0.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	115	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	585	305	280	0.6	0.6	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	425	225	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,275	675	595	1.2	1.3	1.1
English and French	1,000	535	465	0.9	1.0	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	105,685	53,860	51,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	940	510	430	0.9	0.9	0.8
French	99,245	50,390	48,855	93.9	93.6	94.3
Non-official language	270	175	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	270	175	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and French	4,065	2,205	1,855	3.8	4.1	3.6
English and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	695	340	350	0.7	0.6	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	410	200	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	105,685	53,860	51,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	104,650	53,305	51,340	99.0	99.0	99.1
Official languages	104,140	53,000	51,145	98.5	98.4	98.7
English	1,590	845	745	1.5	1.6	1.4
French	102,550	52,155	50,400	97.0	96.8	97.2
Non-official languages	510	310	200	0.5	0.6	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	510	310	200	0.5	0.6	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	345	205	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	295	180	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	220	145	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,035	550	485	1.0	1.0	0.9
English and French	765	415	350	0.7	0.8	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	190	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	105,685	53,860	51,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	101,410	51,585	49,825	96.0	95.8	96.1
English	2,795	1,535	1,265	2.6	2.8	2.4
French	755	400	360	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-official language	410	185	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	410	185	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and French	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	104,100	53,060	51,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	103,980	52,970	51,015	99.9	99.8	100.0
English	39,005	21,365	17,635	37.5	40.3	34.6
French	103,645	52,790	50,860	99.6	99.5	99.6
Non-official languages	4,465	2,065	2,395	4.3	3.9	4.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,455	2,055	2,395	4.3	3.9	4.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	365	225	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	365	225	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	360	220	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,815	1,685	2,125	3.7	3.2	4.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	200	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	200	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	455	215	240	0.4	0.4	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	375	190	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	370	190	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,260	1,435	1,830	3.1	2.7	3.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	155	95	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Romanian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,940	1,260	1,680	2.8	2.4	3.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	104,105	53,065	51,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,875	935	940	1.8	1.8	1.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,800	890	905	1.7	1.7	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,055	485	570	1.0	0.9	1.1
Métis	705	390	320	0.7	0.7	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	102,225	52,120	50,105	98.2	98.2	98.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	104,105	53,065	51,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	465	240	230	0.4	0.5	0.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	103,635	52,825	50,815	99.5	99.5	99.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	44,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	36,075	...	...	80.2	...	...
Renter	8,905	...	...	19.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	44,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,465	...	...	7.7	...	...
Not condominium	41,515	...	...	92.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	44,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	4,190	...	...	9.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,150	...	...	29.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,225	...	...	36.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,325	...	...	25.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	44,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	9,680	...	...	21.5	...	...
5 rooms	7,235	...	...	16.1	...	...
6 rooms	6,710	...	...	14.9	...	...
7 rooms	6,330	...	...	14.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	15,025	...	...	33.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	44,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	44,890	...	...	99.8	...	...
More than one person per room	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	44,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	44,440	...	...	98.8	...	...
Not suitable	545	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	44,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	8,595	...	...	19.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,805	...	...	21.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,580	...	...	12.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,915	...	...	10.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,675	...	...	5.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,565	...	...	10.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,620	...	...	10.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,225	...	...	9.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	44,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	42,595	...	...	94.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,385	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	44,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	22,555	...	...	50.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	21,870	...	...	48.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	555	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	44,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	720	...	...	1.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,110	...	...	13.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,175	...	...	18.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,420	...	...	16.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,790	...	...	21.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,095	...	...	18.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,750	...	...	8.3	...	...
85 years and over	915	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	44,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	40,440	...	...	90.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,200	...	...	9.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,845	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	44,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,755	...	...	15.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,880	...	...	8.6	...	...
Not suitable only	470	...	...	1.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,035	...	...	4.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	295	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	38,225	...	...	85.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	44,280	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,000	...	...	2.3	...	...
Not in core need	43,280	...	...	97.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	35,850	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.7	...	...	64.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.5	...	...	1.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,070	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,146	...	...	1,146	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	280,000	...	...	280,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	310,800	...	...	310,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,850	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.7	...	...	8.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.8	...	...	18.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.4	...	...	5.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	735	...	...	735	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	825	...	...	825	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	104,100	53,060	51,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,650	855	800	1.6	1.6	1.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,645	850	800	1.6	1.6	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,405	715	690	1.3	1.3	1.4
Métis single ancestry	235	130	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,575	1,245	1,330	2.5	2.3	2.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,575	1,245	1,330	2.5	2.3	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,300	1,115	1,185	2.2	2.1	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	245	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	99,880	50,965	48,915	95.9	96.1	95.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	104,105	53,065	51,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	102,995	52,485	50,510	98.9	98.9	99.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,635	11,630	11,005	21.7	21.9	21.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	80,360	40,855	39,505	77.2	77.0	77.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,110	580	530	1.1	1.1	1.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	104,105	53,065	51,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	101,280	51,615	49,665	97.3	97.3	97.3
Immigrants⁸¹	2,370	1,190	1,190	2.3	2.2	2.3
Before 1980	285	155	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
1980 to 1990	250	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
1991 to 2000	370	185	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
2001 to 2010	815	410	405	0.8	0.8	0.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	655	315	340	0.6	0.6	0.7
2011 to 2015	330	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
2016 to 2021	330	150	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	455	260	195	0.4	0.5	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,370	1,190	1,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	285	160	125	12.0	13.4	10.5
5 to 14 years	405	215	185	17.1	18.1	15.5
15 to 24 years	295	120	175	12.4	10.1	14.7
25 to 44 years	1,230	595	635	51.9	50.0	53.4
45 years and over	155	85	70	6.5	7.1	5.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,370	1,190	1,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	490	210	280	20.7	17.6	23.5
Brazil	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.8
Colombia	75	20	50	3.2	1.7	4.2
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	50	35	15	2.1	2.9	1.3
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	70	25	50	3.0	2.1	4.2
Peru	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	90	30	55	3.8	2.5	4.6
Other places of birth in Americas	170	85	85	7.2	7.1	7.1
Europe	1,350	720	635	57.0	60.5	53.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	880	490	385	37.1	41.2	32.4
Germany	75	40	35	3.2	3.4	2.9
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	35	0	30	1.5	0.0	2.5
Netherlands	15	10	0	0.6	0.8	0.0
Poland	25	0	25	1.1	0.0	2.1
Portugal	20	10	10	0.8	0.8	0.8
Romania	30	15	20	1.3	1.3	1.7
Russian Federation	30	15	15	1.3	1.3	1.3
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	30	15	15	1.3	1.3	1.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	15	20	1.5	1.3	1.7
Other places of birth in Europe	165	90	70	7.0	7.6	5.9
Africa	325	160	165	13.7	13.4	13.9
Algeria	45	30	15	1.9	2.5	1.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	75	25	50	3.2	2.1	4.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	185	90	90	7.8	7.6	7.6
Asia	205	105	105	8.6	8.8	8.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	50	10	40	2.1	0.8	3.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	20	10	1.3	1.7	0.8
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	15	0.6	0.0	1.3
Viet Nam	50	25	30	2.1	2.1	2.5
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	25	0	1.1	2.1	0.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	330	150	180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	30	15	15	9.1	10.0	8.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	15	0	10	4.5	0.0	5.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	200	105	95	60.6	70.0	52.8
France	155	85	75	47.0	56.7	41.7
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	10	3.0	0.0	5.6
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0	3.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	25	15	10	7.6	10.0	5.6
Africa	80	25	55	24.2	16.7	30.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	0	15	4.5	0.0	8.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	45	15	25	13.6	10.0	13.9
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	10	3.0	0.0	5.6
Asia	20	10	15	6.1	6.7	8.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	3.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	104,105	53,065	51,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,315	1,665	1,650	3.2	3.1	3.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,165	1,645	1,525	3.0	3.1	3.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	97,625	49,755	47,870	93.8	93.8	93.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,090	1,035	1,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,235	695	545	59.1	67.1	51.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	575	375	200	27.5	36.2	19.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	660	315	345	31.6	30.4	32.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	670	245	425	32.1	23.7	40.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	165	80	80	7.9	7.7	7.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	10	0	0.7	1.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,090	1,035	1,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	40	10	30	1.9	1.0	2.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	360	190	170	17.2	18.4	16.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	65	30	40	3.1	2.9	3.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	120	65	55	5.7	6.3	5.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30	10	25	1.4	1.0	2.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,470	725	745	70.3	70.0	70.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	104,100	53,060	51,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,770	875	895	1.7	1.6	1.8
South Asian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese	225	90	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Black	395	180	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Filipino	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab	310	190	120	0.3	0.4	0.2
Latin American	440	205	235	0.4	0.4	0.5
Southeast Asian	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	40	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	102,335	52,185	50,145	98.3	98.4	98.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	104,105	53,065	51,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	42,095	21,185	20,910	40.4	39.9	41.0
English	1,280	655	625	1.2	1.2	1.2
Irish	4,915	2,325	2,590	4.7	4.4	5.1
Scottish	1,830	925	905	1.8	1.7	1.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	27,330	13,955	13,370	26.3	26.3	26.2
German	1,330	605	725	1.3	1.1	1.4
Chinese	215	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italian	1,020	480	545	1.0	0.9	1.1
Indian (India)	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	230	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Polish	300	170	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Québécois	14,565	7,635	6,930	14.0	14.4	13.6
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Filipino	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
French Canadian	10,455	5,280	5,175	10.0	10.0	10.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,630	1,415	1,210	2.5	2.7	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,785	860	930	1.7	1.6	1.8
Métis	485	260	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,150	625	525	1.1	1.2	1.0
Russian	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	195	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	450	220	230	0.4	0.4	0.5
Spanish	475	215	260	0.5	0.4	0.5
Swedish	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	1,055	525	535	1.0	1.0	1.0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	40	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	175	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Greek	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,380	700	680	1.3	1.3	1.3
Danish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	265	145	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Belgian	445	205	245	0.4	0.4	0.5
Haitian	170	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	130	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	155	110	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	305	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovak	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	60	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	85	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	335	165	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	250	140	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	140	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	225	145	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	255	100	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Saskatchewanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	125	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	145	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	50	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	104,100	53,060	51,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Christian	75,340	37,790	37,545	72.4	71.2	73.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,870	3,025	2,850	5.6	5.7	5.6
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	68,140	34,095	34,040	65.5	64.3	66.7
Christian Orthodox	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lutheran	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	185	110	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Presbyterian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	330	160	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	395	220	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
No religion and secular perspectives	28,145	14,925	13,220	27.0	28.1	25.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	102,810	52,420	50,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	92,430	47,385	45,045	89.9	90.4	89.4
Movers	10,380	5,035	5,345	10.1	9.6	10.6
Non-migrants	4,445	2,145	2,300	4.3	4.1	4.6
Migrants	5,935	2,890	3,040	5.8	5.5	6.0
Internal migrants	5,730	2,775	2,960	5.6	5.3	5.9
Intraprovincial migrants	5,400	2,600	2,795	5.3	5.0	5.5
Interprovincial migrants	330	170	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	205	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	98,110	49,940	48,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	63,810	32,855	30,955	65.0	65.8	64.3
Movers	34,300	17,080	17,220	35.0	34.2	35.7
Non-migrants	7,645	3,855	3,790	7.8	7.7	7.9
Migrants	26,655	13,225	13,430	27.2	26.5	27.9
Internal migrants	26,030	12,880	13,150	26.5	25.8	27.3
Intraprovincial migrants	24,740	12,205	12,535	25.2	24.4	26.0
Interprovincial migrants	1,290	675	615	1.3	1.4	1.3
External migrants	620	340	285	0.6	0.7	0.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	84,500	43,000	41,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,905	7,900	6,010	16.5	18.4	14.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	70,595	35,100	35,490	83.5	81.6	85.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,715	28,480	27,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,675	3,750	1,925	10.2	13.2	7.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	50,040	24,730	25,310	89.8	86.8	92.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	84,495	43,000	41,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,035	6,535	5,500	14.2	15.2	13.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,205	9,310	8,895	21.5	21.7	21.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	54,260	27,165	27,105	64.2	63.2	65.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,160	19,795	17,360	44.0	46.0	41.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	17,665	11,535	6,130	20.9	26.8	14.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,810	7,465	5,345	15.2	17.4	12.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,855	4,070	780	5.7	9.5	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,575	7,090	9,485	19.6	16.5	22.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,920	1,170	1,750	3.5	2.7	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,100	7,365	9,740	20.2	17.1	23.5
Bachelor's degree	11,365	4,750	6,620	13.5	11.0	16.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,270	490	775	1.5	1.1	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	455	220	235	0.5	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	3,425	1,550	1,875	4.1	3.6	4.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	585	355	235	0.7	0.8	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,720	28,480	27,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,340	2,785	1,555	7.8	9.8	5.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,580	5,305	4,275	17.2	18.6	15.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,800	20,395	21,410	75.0	71.6	78.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,325	15,065	13,265	50.8	52.9	48.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,180	9,195	4,985	25.4	32.3	18.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,300	5,905	4,395	18.5	20.7	16.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,880	3,285	595	7.0	11.5	2.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,195	5,120	7,075	21.9	18.0	26.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,950	745	1,200	3.5	2.6	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,475	5,330	8,145	24.2	18.7	29.9
Bachelor's degree	8,965	3,520	5,445	16.1	12.4	20.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	945	315	635	1.7	1.1	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	325	120	205	0.6	0.4	0.8
Master's degree	2,780	1,120	1,665	5.0	3.9	6.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	460	260	200	0.8	0.9	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	84,495	43,000	41,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	30,240	15,840	14,395	35.8	36.8	34.7
Education	4,195	910	3,280	5.0	2.1	7.9
13. Education	4,195	910	3,280	5.0	2.1	7.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,505	555	945	1.8	1.3	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	215	110	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	1,285	450	840	1.5	1.0	2.0
Humanities	2,300	1,020	1,280	2.7	2.4	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	270	50	220	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,325	610	715	1.6	1.4	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	85	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	140	95	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	300	95	210	0.4	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,400	1,295	3,100	5.2	3.0	7.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	550	180	370	0.7	0.4	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,045	55	990	1.2	0.1	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	795	305	485	0.9	0.7	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	115	15	100	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	715	140	575	0.8	0.3	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,135	590	545	1.3	1.4	1.3
Business, management and public administration	11,880	4,030	7,845	14.1	9.4	18.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	785	135	640	0.9	0.3	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,080	3,890	7,190	13.1	9.0	17.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,880	1,065	815	2.2	2.5	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	645	275	370	0.8	0.6	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	235	155	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	435	215	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
40. Physical sciences	435	350	80	0.5	0.8	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	140	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,695	1,135	560	2.0	2.6	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,435	1,040	400	1.7	2.4	1.0
25. Library science	120	20	105	0.1	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	115	75	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,980	11,870	1,105	15.4	27.6	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	270	145	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	1,505	1,310	195	1.8	3.0	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,380	2,045	335	2.8	4.8	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,165	3,050	115	3.7	7.1	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,535	3,370	170	4.2	7.8	0.4
48. Precision production	2,120	1,955	165	2.5	4.5	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,240	1,420	825	2.7	3.3	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,245	650	590	1.5	1.5	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,000	765	235	1.2	1.8	0.6
Health and related fields	6,380	1,165	5,210	7.6	2.7	12.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	425	210	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,775	890	4,885	6.8	2.1	11.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	165	65	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,750	2,670	2,075	5.6	6.2	5.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,135	520	1,620	2.5	1.2	3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	90	70	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,050	730	315	1.2	1.7	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,445	1,320	120	1.7	3.1	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	55,715	28,480	27,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,915	8,085	5,830	25.0	28.4	21.4
Education	2,865	525	2,340	5.1	1.8	8.6
13. Education	2,865	525	2,340	5.1	1.8	8.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,200	425	775	2.2	1.5	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	180	85	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	1,020	345	680	1.8	1.2	2.5
Humanities	1,470	610	865	2.6	2.1	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	220	45	180	0.4	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	755	340	420	1.4	1.2	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	205	45	165	0.4	0.2	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,400	855	2,540	6.1	3.0	9.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	475	150	325	0.9	0.5	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	870	45	830	1.6	0.2	3.0
22. Legal professions and studies	570	170	405	1.0	0.6	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	95	10	85	0.2	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	545	90	455	1.0	0.3	1.7
45. Social sciences	805	385	415	1.4	1.4	1.5
Business, management and public administration	9,250	2,930	6,320	16.6	10.3	23.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	600	70	530	1.1	0.2	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,645	2,860	5,785	15.5	10.0	21.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,175	685	490	2.1	2.4	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	525	220	305	0.9	0.8	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	105	80	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	100	65	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	340	265	75	0.6	0.9	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,435	960	475	2.6	3.4	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,275	910	370	2.3	3.2	1.4
25. Library science	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,280	9,290	990	18.5	32.6	3.6
04. Architecture and related services	205	95	115	0.4	0.3	0.4
14. Engineering	1,275	1,090	190	2.3	3.8	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,840	1,525	315	3.3	5.4	1.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,465	2,380	85	4.4	8.4	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,775	2,650	125	5.0	9.3	0.5
48. Precision production	1,705	1,555	155	3.1	5.5	0.6
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,820	1,095	725	3.3	3.8	2.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,005	495	505	1.8	1.7	1.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	815	595	220	1.5	2.1	0.8
Health and related fields	4,890	820	4,070	8.8	2.9	14.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	355	165	190	0.6	0.6	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,405	625	3,775	7.9	2.2	13.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	120	25	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,960	2,190	1,765	7.1	7.7	6.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,770	405	1,370	3.2	1.4	5.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	70	55	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
43. Security and protective services	865	590	270	1.6	2.1	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,220	1,115	105	2.2	3.9	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	55,715	28,480	27,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,915	8,085	5,830	25.0	28.4	21.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	41,805	20,390	21,410	75.0	71.6	78.6
Location of study inside Canada	40,520	19,725	20,795	72.7	69.3	76.3
Same as province or territory of residence	39,470	19,140	20,330	70.8	67.2	74.6
Different than province or territory of residence	1,055	585	470	1.9	2.1	1.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,280	665	615	2.3	2.3	2.3
Americas	350	190	160	0.6	0.7	0.6
United States of America	185	120	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mexico	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	710	365	350	1.3	1.3	1.3
Belgium	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	505	265	240	0.9	0.9	0.9
Germany	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Africa	175	90	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Asia	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	84,495	43,000	41,500	...	...	...
In the labour force	55,960	29,650	26,315	...	...	...
Employed	53,085	28,160	24,930	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,880	1,490	1,385	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	28,535	13,355	15,180	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.2	69.0	63.4	66.2	69.0	63.4
Employment rate	62.8	65.5	60.1	62.8	65.5	60.1
Unemployment rate	5.1	5.0	5.3	5.1	5.0	5.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	84,495	43,000	41,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	26,755	12,365	14,385	31.7	28.8	34.7
Worked	57,745	30,630	27,110	68.3	71.2	65.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	32,975	18,195	14,785	39.0	42.3	35.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,765	12,445	12,325	29.3	28.9	29.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.0	43.4	42.5	43.0	43.4	42.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	55,960	29,645	26,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	685	370	315	1.2	1.2	1.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	55,270	29,275	25,995	98.8	98.8	98.8
Employee	48,780	25,525	23,255	87.2	86.1	88.4
Permanent position	41,230	21,735	19,495	73.7	73.3	74.1
Temporary position	7,545	3,790	3,760	13.5	12.8	14.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,485	1,105	1,380	4.4	3.7	5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,060	2,680	2,380	9.0	9.0	9.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,490	3,755	2,735	11.6	12.7	10.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	55,960	29,645	26,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	685	370	315	1.2	1.2	1.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	55,270	29,275	25,995	98.8	98.8	98.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,235	930	305	2.2	3.1	1.2
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,525	2,910	6,615	17.0	9.8	25.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,215	3,150	1,060	7.5	10.6	4.0
3 Health occupations	4,385	695	3,690	7.8	2.3	14.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,915	3,455	5,460	15.9	11.7	20.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,295	565	730	2.3	1.9	2.8
6 Sales and service occupations	11,770	5,395	6,375	21.0	18.2	24.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,085	9,270	810	18.0	31.3	3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,295	990	305	2.3	3.3	1.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,555	1,915	640	4.6	6.5	2.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	55,960	29,645	26,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	685	370	315	1.2	1.2	1.2
All industries¹⁹¹	55,270	29,275	25,995	98.8	98.8	98.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,250	850	400	2.2	2.9	1.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	270	245	20	0.5	0.8	0.1
22 Utilities	295	225	65	0.5	0.8	0.2
23 Construction	4,325	3,825	495	7.7	12.9	1.9
31-33 Manufacturing	5,900	4,260	1,645	10.5	14.4	6.3
41 Wholesale trade	1,705	1,240	465	3.0	4.2	1.8
44-45 Retail trade	5,890	2,830	3,060	10.5	9.5	11.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,990	1,490	490	3.6	5.0	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	520	340	180	0.9	1.1	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	2,285	925	1,365	4.1	3.1	5.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	790	450	340	1.4	1.5	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,705	1,925	1,780	6.6	6.5	6.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,515	935	585	2.7	3.2	2.2
61 Educational services	3,980	1,025	2,955	7.1	3.5	11.2
62 Health care and social assistance	7,040	1,185	5,850	12.6	4.0	22.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	935	520	415	1.7	1.8	1.6
72 Accommodation and food services	2,570	1,155	1,415	4.6	3.9	5.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,520	1,315	1,200	4.5	4.4	4.6
91 Public administration	7,780	4,520	3,255	13.9	15.2	12.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	60,105	31,825	28,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	695	425	270	1.2	1.3	1.0
French	50,675	26,070	24,610	84.3	81.9	87.0
Non-official language	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
English and French	8,480	5,205	3,275	14.1	16.4	11.6
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	110	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	60,105	31,825	28,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	59,005	31,170	27,835	98.2	97.9	98.4
Official languages	58,950	31,145	27,810	98.1	97.9	98.3
English	1,680	965	715	2.8	3.0	2.5
French	57,265	30,180	27,090	95.3	94.8	95.8
Non-official languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,105	655	455	1.8	2.1	1.6
English and French	1,090	650	445	1.8	2.0	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	60,105	31,825	28,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	52,490	27,155	25,330	87.3	85.3	89.6
English	6,450	4,040	2,405	10.7	12.7	8.5
French	975	530	445	1.6	1.7	1.6
Non-official language	95	35	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	53,085	28,160	24,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,710	4,860	5,850	20.2	17.3	23.5
Worked outside Canada	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
No fixed workplace address	6,080	4,835	1,245	11.5	17.2	5.0
Usual place of work	36,230	18,420	17,805	68.2	65.4	71.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	36,230	18,425	17,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	9,785	4,610	5,170	27.0	25.0	29.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,080	5,730	5,350	30.6	31.1	30.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15,275	7,995	7,280	42.2	43.4	40.9
Commute to a different province or territory	90	80	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	42,315	23,255	19,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	39,625	21,885	17,740	93.6	94.1	93.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	38,005	21,145	16,860	89.8	90.9	88.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,615	740	880	3.8	3.2	4.6
Public transit	350	125	215	0.8	0.5	1.1
Walked	1,435	640	795	3.4	2.8	4.2
Bicycle	250	205	40	0.6	0.9	0.2
Other method	665	400	265	1.6	1.7	1.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	42,315	23,255	19,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	13,380	6,855	6,525	31.6	29.5	34.2
15 to 29 minutes	14,535	7,930	6,605	34.3	34.1	34.7
30 to 44 minutes	10,250	5,945	4,305	24.2	25.6	22.6
45 to 59 minutes	2,780	1,565	1,220	6.6	6.7	6.4
60 minutes and over	1,370	965	405	3.2	4.1	2.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	42,315	23,255	19,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,875	2,315	555	6.8	10.0	2.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,720	6,630	3,085	23.0	28.5	16.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,270	7,230	7,040	33.7	31.1	36.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,570	3,145	4,425	17.9	13.5	23.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,670	965	1,700	6.3	4.1	8.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,215	2,970	2,245	12.3	12.8	11.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,060	11,850	11,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,860	1,475	1,380	12.4	12.4	12.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,200	10,380	9,820	87.6	87.6	87.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,480	8,500	7,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,185	1,130	1,060	13.3	13.3	13.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,685	875	815	10.2	10.3	10.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	500	255	240	3.0	3.0	3.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,300	7,375	6,920	86.8	86.8	86.7

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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