Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Portneuf--Jacques-CartierMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	123,243	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	115,313	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	56,083	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	51,253	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	17.2	...	...	17.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	7,157.43	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	123,240	62,795	60,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23,630	12,140	11,490	19.2	19.3	19.0
0 to 4 years	7,200	3,705	3,500	5.8	5.9	5.8
5 to 9 years	8,290	4,230	4,055	6.7	6.7	6.7
10 to 14 years	8,140	4,210	3,930	6.6	6.7	6.5
15 to 64 years	76,585	39,270	37,320	62.1	62.5	61.7
15 to 19 years	5,945	3,080	2,865	4.8	4.9	4.7
20 to 24 years	5,065	2,705	2,365	4.1	4.3	3.9
25 to 29 years	6,510	3,265	3,245	5.3	5.2	5.4
30 to 34 years	7,920	3,955	3,975	6.4	6.3	6.6
35 to 39 years	8,475	4,305	4,175	6.9	6.9	6.9
40 to 44 years	8,945	4,620	4,325	7.3	7.4	7.2
45 to 49 years	7,605	3,965	3,640	6.2	6.3	6.0
50 to 54 years	7,510	3,840	3,670	6.1	6.1	6.1
55 to 59 years	9,210	4,675	4,530	7.5	7.4	7.5
60 to 64 years	9,390	4,855	4,535	7.6	7.7	7.5
65 years and over	23,025	11,385	11,640	18.7	18.1	19.3
65 to 69 years	8,120	4,145	3,975	6.6	6.6	6.6
70 to 74 years	6,425	3,345	3,080	5.2	5.3	5.1
75 to 79 years	4,025	2,045	1,975	3.3	3.3	3.3
80 to 84 years	2,355	1,095	1,255	1.9	1.7	2.1
85 years and over	2,105	750	1,355	1.7	1.2	2.2
85 to 89 years	1,280	505	780	1.0	0.8	1.3
90 to 94 years	640	210	430	0.5	0.3	0.7
95 to 99 years	165	35	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.2	19.3	19.0	19.2	19.3	19.0
15 to 64 years	62.1	62.5	61.7	62.1	62.5	61.7
65 years and over	18.7	18.1	19.3	18.7	18.1	19.3
85 years and over	1.7	1.2	2.2	1.7	1.2	2.2
Average age of the population	41.5	41.1	41.8	41.5	41.1	41.8
Median age of the population	42.0	42.0	42.4	42.0	42.0	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	51,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	38,875	...	...	75.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,930	...	...	5.7	...	...
Row house	775	...	...	1.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,590	...	...	5.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,035	...	...	7.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,535	...	...	3.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	405	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	51,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	14,050	...	...	27.4	...	...
2 persons	19,715	...	...	38.5	...	...
3 persons	6,960	...	...	13.6	...	...
4 persons	7,380	...	...	14.4	...	...
5 or more persons	3,150	...	...	6.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	120,670	61,515	59,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	99,615	50,655	48,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	65,630	32,745	32,890	65.9	64.6	67.2
Married	29,940	14,985	14,960	30.1	29.6	30.6
Living common-law	35,690	17,765	17,925	35.8	35.1	36.6
Living common law - Never married	29,825	14,775	15,050	29.9	29.2	30.7
Living common law - Separated	325	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	4,990	2,575	2,410	5.0	5.1	4.9
Living common law - Widowed	550	245	305	0.6	0.5	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	33,985	17,910	16,075	34.1	35.4	32.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,080	13,920	10,165	24.2	27.5	20.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	985	525	460	1.0	1.0	0.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,850	2,370	2,480	4.9	4.7	5.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,060	1,095	2,965	4.1	2.2	6.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	36,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	19,635	...	...	53.9	...	...
3 persons	6,765	...	...	18.6	...	...
4 persons	7,220	...	...	19.8	...	...
5 or more persons	2,840	...	...	7.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	36,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	32,360	...	...	88.8	...	...
Married couples	14,520	...	...	39.8	...	...
With children⁶	5,200	...	...	14.3	...	...
Without children	9,320	...	...	25.6	...	...
Common-law couples	17,840	...	...	48.9	...	...
With children⁶	9,865	...	...	27.1	...	...
Without children	7,975	...	...	21.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,100	...	...	11.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,610	...	...	7.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,490	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	120,670	61,515	59,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	103,405	52,015	51,390	85.7	84.6	86.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	64,715	32,260	32,455	53.6	52.4	54.9
Parents in one-parent families	4,100	1,495	2,610	3.4	2.4	4.4
Children⁶	34,585	18,260	16,325	28.7	29.7	27.6
In a two-parent family	28,210	14,755	13,450	23.4	24.0	22.7
In a one-parent family	6,375	3,500	2,870	5.3	5.7	4.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,265	9,500	7,765	14.3	15.4	13.1
Living alone	14,050	7,730	6,320	11.6	12.6	10.7
Living with other relatives⁷	1,360	665	690	1.1	1.1	1.2
Living with non-relatives only	1,860	1,105	755	1.5	1.8	1.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	51,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	35,060	...	...	68.4	...	...
Couple-family households	31,350	...	...	61.2	...	...
With children⁶	14,625	...	...	28.5	...	...
Without children	16,725	...	...	32.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,710	...	...	7.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	420	...	...	0.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	110	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	610	...	...	1.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,005	...	...	2.0	...	...
One-person households	14,050	...	...	27.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	97,070	49,395	47,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,755	48,790	46,965	98.6	98.8	98.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,400	55,200	42,400	48,400	55,200	42,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,785	48,810	46,980	98.7	98.8	98.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	46,400	37,200	42,000	46,400	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,790	46,565	43,225	92.5	94.3	90.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	49,600	33,200	41,600	49,600	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,850	38,705	34,150	75.0	78.4	71.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	50,800	37,600	44,000	50,800	37,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,955	35,555	39,400	77.2	72.0	82.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,600	9,500	11,500	10,600	9,500	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,295	6,645	5,650	12.7	13.5	11.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,440	6,000	5,600	5,440	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,470	12,995	11,470	25.2	26.3	24.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,480	7,000	6,000	5,480	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	97,070	49,395	47,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,735	48,745	46,995	98.6	98.7	98.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,150	65,200	48,840	57,150	65,200	48,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,780	48,775	47,010	98.7	98.7	98.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,920	51,000	40,640	45,920	51,000	40,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,785	46,590	43,195	92.5	94.3	90.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,040	59,750	41,600	51,040	59,750	41,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,850	38,700	34,145	75.0	78.3	71.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,160	57,500	44,000	51,160	57,500	44,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,805	35,440	39,360	77.1	71.7	82.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,880	11,050	12,640	11,880	11,050	12,640
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,040	6,560	5,480	12.4	13.3	11.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,630	6,470	9,010	7,630	6,470	9,010
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,200	12,940	11,265	24.9	26.2	23.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,210	6,780	7,710	7,210	6,780	7,710
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	97,070	49,395	47,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	38,170	20,795	17,375	39.3	42.1	36.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,600	69,500	56,400	63,600	69,500	56,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,100	79,200	63,600	72,100	79,200	63,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,740	13,855	13,890	28.6	28.0	29.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	25,800	17,800	20,800	25,800	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,960	36,240	25,680	30,960	36,240	25,680
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.8	87.6	78.4	83.8	87.6	78.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.2	70.0	65.4	68.2	70.0	65.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.2	12.3	21.7	16.2	12.3	21.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.3	2.2	1.7	1.3	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.8	3.1	4.6	3.8	3.1	4.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.2	2.8	3.8	3.2	2.8	3.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	97,070	49,395	47,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,315	605	705	1.4	1.2	1.5
With total income	95,755	48,790	46,965	98.6	98.8	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,345	2,185	3,155	5.6	4.5	6.7
$10,000 to $19,999	9,415	3,480	5,940	9.8	7.1	12.6
$20,000 to $29,999	12,270	5,355	6,915	12.8	11.0	14.7
$30,000 to $39,999	10,645	4,640	6,000	11.1	9.5	12.8
$40,000 to $49,999	11,905	5,725	6,180	12.4	11.7	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	10,965	5,670	5,295	11.5	11.6	11.3
$60,000 to $69,999	8,940	5,125	3,820	9.3	10.5	8.1
$70,000 to $79,999	7,355	4,590	2,760	7.7	9.4	5.9
$80,000 to $89,999	5,285	3,175	2,110	5.5	6.5	4.5
$90,000 to $99,999	3,770	2,125	1,640	3.9	4.4	3.5
$100,000 and over	9,865	6,720	3,150	10.3	13.8	6.7
$100,000 to $149,999	7,025	4,600	2,420	7.3	9.4	5.2
$150,000 and over	2,845	2,115	730	3.0	4.3	1.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	97,070	49,395	47,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,285	590	695	1.3	1.2	1.5
With after-tax income	95,785	48,805	46,975	98.7	98.8	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,900	2,345	3,560	6.2	4.8	7.6
$10,000 to $19,999	9,985	3,745	6,240	10.4	7.7	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	14,490	6,330	8,155	15.1	13.0	17.4
$30,000 to $39,999	14,445	6,810	7,640	15.1	14.0	16.3
$40,000 to $49,999	15,365	8,040	7,320	16.0	16.5	15.6
$50,000 to $59,999	12,375	7,280	5,095	12.9	14.9	10.8
$60,000 to $69,999	8,765	5,185	3,585	9.2	10.6	7.6
$70,000 to $79,999	5,460	3,070	2,390	5.7	6.3	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,250	1,970	1,280	3.4	4.0	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,900	1,250	645	2.0	2.6	1.4
$100,000 and over	3,845	2,775	1,070	4.0	5.7	2.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,045	1,420	615	2.1	2.9	1.3
$125,000 and over	1,805	1,350	450	1.9	2.8	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	97,070	49,395	47,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	24,220	10,690	13,530	25.0	21.6	28.4
With employment income	72,850	38,705	34,145	75.0	78.4	71.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,955	4,110	3,840	10.9	10.6	11.2
$5,000 to $9,999	4,905	2,165	2,745	6.7	5.6	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	7,550	3,275	4,275	10.4	8.5	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	6,270	2,695	3,575	8.6	7.0	10.5
$30,000 to $39,999	6,615	3,060	3,555	9.1	7.9	10.4
$40,000 to $49,999	7,555	3,705	3,855	10.4	9.6	11.3
$50,000 to $59,999	6,930	3,785	3,145	9.5	9.8	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	5,985	3,665	2,315	8.2	9.5	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	5,070	3,215	1,850	7.0	8.3	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	4,000	2,325	1,675	5.5	6.0	4.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,715	1,615	1,105	3.7	4.2	3.2
$100,000 and over	7,300	5,090	2,210	10.0	13.2	6.5
$100,000 to $124,999	3,705	2,455	1,255	5.1	6.3	3.7
$125,000 and over	3,595	2,640	955	4.9	6.8	2.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	97,070	49,395	47,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	94,740	48,270	46,470	97.6	97.7	97.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800	54,400	40,000	46,800	54,400	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	94,805	48,270	46,530	97.7	97.7	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	45,600	35,200	40,400	45,600	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,835	46,175	42,655	91.5	93.5	89.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	50,400	34,400	42,000	50,400	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,675	39,075	34,600	75.9	79.1	72.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	51,600	37,200	44,000	51,600	37,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,230	31,080	36,150	69.3	62.9	75.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,200	7,000	8,900	8,200	7,000	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	12,255	6,900	5,355	12.6	14.0	11.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,040	4,600	5,800	5,040	4,600	5,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	97,070	49,395	47,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	94,815	48,285	46,530	97.7	97.8	97.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,000	63,600	46,120	55,000	63,600	46,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	94,900	48,280	46,620	97.8	97.7	97.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	50,120	38,480	44,400	50,120	38,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,820	46,245	42,575	91.5	93.6	89.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,450	60,450	41,680	51,450	60,450	41,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,700	39,120	34,585	75.9	79.2	72.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,080	58,150	43,160	51,080	58,150	43,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,425	31,175	36,245	69.5	63.1	76.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,560	8,800	10,220	9,560	8,800	10,220
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,195	6,975	5,225	12.6	14.1	11.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,110	5,645	9,060	7,110	5,645	9,060
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	97,070	49,395	47,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	38,105	20,785	17,315	39.3	42.1	36.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400	67,000	52,800	60,400	67,000	52,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,800	76,700	59,300	68,800	76,700	59,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,730	13,390	13,335	27.5	27.1	28.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,800	32,400	21,400	25,800	32,400	21,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,680	41,720	29,680	35,680	41,720	29,680
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.6	91.0	82.8	87.6	91.0	82.8
Employment income (%)	72.2	74.0	69.6	72.2	74.0	69.6
Government transfers (%)	12.4	8.9	17.3	12.4	8.9	17.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.3	2.2	1.7	1.3	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	51,255	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	14,050	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,800	...	...	44,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	37,205	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	51,250	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	106,800	...	...	106,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,800	...	...	85,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	14,080	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,350	...	...	52,350	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,120	...	...	42,120	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	37,175	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,400	...	...	127,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,400	...	...	102,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	51,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	210	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	155	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	355	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	610	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,130	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,335	...	...	2.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,220	...	...	2.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,770	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,920	...	...	3.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,920	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,565	...	...	7.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,495	...	...	6.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,380	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,225	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,170	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	22,780	...	...	44.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,100	...	...	13.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,375	...	...	10.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,940	...	...	11.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,360	...	...	8.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	51,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	285	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	175	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	375	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	660	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,250	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,600	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,650	...	...	3.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,370	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,460	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,305	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,445	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,275	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,070	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,980	...	...	7.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,750	...	...	7.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,615	...	...	32.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,240	...	...	14.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,320	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,060	...	...	9.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	36,500	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	16,830	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,100	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,020	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	15,910	8,830	7,075	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	48,800	38,400	44,000	48,800	38,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	41,200	34,400	38,400	41,200	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	36,420	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,700	...	...	127,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,500	...	...	102,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,820	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	108,600	...	...	108,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,400	...	...	87,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,190	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	160,600	...	...	160,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,945	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,300	...	...	83,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,400	...	...	69,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	15,960	8,870	7,095	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,500	56,250	45,520	51,500	56,250	45,520
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600	44,040	38,520	41,600	44,040	38,520
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	120,665	61,510	59,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	27,340	14,055	13,285	22.7	22.8	22.5
0 to 5 years	8,850	4,535	4,315	7.3	7.4	7.3
18 to 64 years	71,860	36,570	35,290	59.6	59.5	59.7
65 years and over	21,465	10,885	10,580	17.8	17.7	17.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,475	4,010	4,470	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,265	645	625	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	400	195	205	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,625	1,885	1,740	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,590	1,485	2,110	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.0	6.5	7.6	7.0	6.5	7.6
0 to 17 years (%)	4.6	4.6	4.7	4.6	4.6	4.7
0 to 5 years (%)	4.5	4.2	4.8	4.5	4.2	4.8
18 to 64 years (%)	5.0	5.2	4.9	5.0	5.2	4.9
65 years and over (%)	16.7	13.6	19.9	16.7	13.6	19.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	120,670	61,515	59,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	27,340	14,055	13,285	22.7	22.8	22.5
0 to 5 years	8,850	4,530	4,320	7.3	7.4	7.3
18 to 64 years	71,860	36,570	35,295	59.6	59.4	59.7
65 years and over	21,465	10,885	10,575	17.8	17.7	17.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,870	1,005	865	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	290	145	145	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	80	40	45	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,340	765	575	...	...	...
65 years and over	240	95	150	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.5
0 to 17 years (%)	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1
0 to 5 years (%)	0.9	0.8	1.0	0.9	0.8	1.0
18 to 64 years (%)	1.9	2.1	1.6	1.9	2.1	1.6
65 years and over (%)	1.1	0.8	1.4	1.1	0.8	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	120,670	61,515	59,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	54,145	27,170	26,970	44.9	44.2	45.6
In bottom decile	6,555	3,115	3,440	5.4	5.1	5.8
In second decile	9,130	4,390	4,745	7.6	7.1	8.0
In third decile	10,800	5,460	5,345	9.0	8.9	9.0
In fourth decile	12,890	6,580	6,305	10.7	10.7	10.7
In fifth decile	14,760	7,625	7,140	12.2	12.4	12.1
In top half of the distribution	66,525	34,340	32,185	55.1	55.8	54.4
In sixth decile	15,675	8,105	7,565	13.0	13.2	12.8
In seventh decile	15,420	7,965	7,455	12.8	12.9	12.6
In eighth decile	14,145	7,255	6,885	11.7	11.8	11.6
In ninth decile	11,875	6,100	5,775	9.8	9.9	9.8
In top decile	9,410	4,910	4,495	7.8	8.0	7.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	120,670	...	...	120,670	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.293	...	...	0.293	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.391	...	...	0.391	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.250	...	...	0.250	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	122,320	62,340	59,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	325	190	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
French only	75,725	36,925	38,795	61.9	59.2	64.7
English and French	46,135	25,115	21,020	37.7	40.3	35.0
Neither English nor French	135	105	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	122,320	62,340	59,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,265	1,185	1,075	1.9	1.9	1.8
French	119,400	60,770	58,635	97.6	97.5	97.8
English and French	540	290	250	0.4	0.5	0.4
Neither English nor French	115	90	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	122,320	62,340	59,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	120,865	61,570	59,300	98.8	98.8	98.9
Official languages	119,445	60,855	58,590	97.6	97.6	97.7
English	2,025	1,080	950	1.7	1.7	1.6
French	117,420	59,780	57,640	96.0	95.9	96.1
Non-official languages	1,420	710	710	1.2	1.1	1.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,420	710	710	1.2	1.1	1.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	230	145	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	220	140	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	215	135	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	965	460	505	0.8	0.7	0.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	155	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	155	55	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	660	345	315	0.5	0.6	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	475	250	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,450	770	685	1.2	1.2	1.1
English and French	1,145	620	525	0.9	1.0	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	122,320	62,340	59,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,045	560	485	0.9	0.9	0.8
French	114,975	58,400	56,575	94.0	93.7	94.3
Non-official language	290	180	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	290	180	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and French	4,670	2,535	2,130	3.8	4.1	3.6
English and non-official language(s)	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	810	395	415	0.7	0.6	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	465	230	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	122,320	62,340	59,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	121,135	61,715	59,420	99.0	99.0	99.1
Official languages	120,585	61,380	59,200	98.6	98.5	98.7
English	1,760	935	825	1.4	1.5	1.4
French	118,825	60,450	58,370	97.1	97.0	97.3
Non-official languages	545	330	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	545	330	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	80	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	80	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	375	225	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	40	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	305	185	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	235	145	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,185	625	560	1.0	1.0	0.9
English and French	875	470	405	0.7	0.8	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	235	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	122,320	62,340	59,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	117,405	59,725	57,680	96.0	95.8	96.2
English	3,240	1,770	1,470	2.6	2.8	2.5
French	825	435	390	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-official language	480	220	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	475	215	260	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and French	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	120,670	61,510	59,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	120,550	61,415	59,130	99.9	99.8	100.0
English	46,335	25,335	21,000	38.4	41.2	35.5
French	120,190	61,220	58,970	99.6	99.5	99.7
Non-official languages	5,335	2,400	2,940	4.4	3.9	5.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,325	2,385	2,940	4.4	3.9	5.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	410	260	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	410	260	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	400	255	145	0.3	0.4	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	115	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,595	1,985	2,610	3.8	3.2	4.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	530	235	300	0.4	0.4	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	435	210	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
German	425	205	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	80	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,940	1,695	2,255	3.3	2.8	3.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	275	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	190	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Romanian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	3,570	1,495	2,075	3.0	2.4	3.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	65	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	120,670	61,515	59,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,085	1,050	1,040	1.7	1.7	1.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,980	985	995	1.6	1.6	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,150	530	615	1.0	0.9	1.0
Métis	805	435	370	0.7	0.7	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	118,585	60,465	58,120	98.3	98.3	98.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	120,670	61,515	59,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	520	275	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	120,150	61,240	58,915	99.6	99.6	99.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	51,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	41,830	...	...	81.6	...	...
Renter	9,425	...	...	18.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	51,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,740	...	...	7.3	...	...
Not condominium	47,515	...	...	92.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	51,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	95	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	4,540	...	...	8.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	14,580	...	...	28.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,840	...	...	36.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	13,205	...	...	25.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	51,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,405	...	...	20.3	...	...
5 rooms	8,115	...	...	15.8	...	...
6 rooms	7,590	...	...	14.8	...	...
7 rooms	7,380	...	...	14.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	17,760	...	...	34.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	51,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	51,160	...	...	99.8	...	...
More than one person per room	95	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	51,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	50,630	...	...	98.8	...	...
Not suitable	625	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	51,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	9,105	...	...	17.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,155	...	...	21.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,135	...	...	12.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,660	...	...	11.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,225	...	...	6.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,525	...	...	10.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,560	...	...	10.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,875	...	...	9.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	51,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	48,580	...	...	94.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,675	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	51,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	25,015	...	...	48.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	25,605	...	...	50.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	630	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	51,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	820	...	...	1.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,070	...	...	13.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,770	...	...	19.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,770	...	...	17.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,960	...	...	21.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,895	...	...	17.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,985	...	...	7.8	...	...
85 years and over	980	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	50,890	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	46,105	...	...	90.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,790	...	...	9.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,390	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	51,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,660	...	...	14.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,420	...	...	8.6	...	...
Not suitable only	550	...	...	1.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,265	...	...	4.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	345	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	43,590	...	...	85.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	50,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,115	...	...	2.2	...	...
Not in core need	49,385	...	...	97.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	41,600	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.4	...	...	66.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.2	...	...	7.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.4	...	...	1.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,120	...	...	1,120	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,191	...	...	1,191	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	322,800	...	...	322,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,370	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.8	...	...	8.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.3	...	...	19.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	740	...	...	740	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	835	...	...	835	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	120,670	61,515	59,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,845	965	885	1.5	1.6	1.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,840	960	885	1.5	1.6	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,575	815	755	1.3	1.3	1.3
Métis single ancestry	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,015	1,475	1,535	2.5	2.4	2.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,010	1,475	1,530	2.5	2.4	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,700	1,325	1,370	2.2	2.2	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	290	145	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	115,805	59,075	56,735	96.0	96.0	95.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	120,665	61,510	59,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	119,250	60,785	58,465	98.8	98.8	98.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	27,110	13,950	13,160	22.5	22.7	22.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	92,135	46,840	45,300	76.4	76.2	76.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,420	730	695	1.2	1.2	1.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	120,665	61,510	59,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	117,130	59,695	57,430	97.1	97.0	97.1
Immigrants⁸¹	2,970	1,500	1,470	2.5	2.4	2.5
Before 1980	370	220	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
1980 to 1990	270	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
1991 to 2000	445	230	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
2001 to 2010	985	490	495	0.8	0.8	0.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	900	435	465	0.7	0.7	0.8
2011 to 2015	450	210	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
2016 to 2021	445	220	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	570	315	255	0.5	0.5	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,970	1,500	1,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	340	190	150	11.4	12.7	10.2
5 to 14 years	510	285	230	17.2	19.0	15.7
15 to 24 years	370	155	220	12.5	10.3	15.0
25 to 44 years	1,565	765	795	52.7	51.0	54.3
45 years and over	180	110	70	6.1	7.3	4.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,970	1,500	1,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	540	230	305	18.2	15.3	20.8
Brazil	20	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.0
Colombia	75	25	55	2.5	1.7	3.8
El Salvador	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.7
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	55	35	20	1.9	2.3	1.4
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	75	25	50	2.5	1.7	3.4
Peru	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.7
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	105	45	60	3.5	3.0	4.1
Other places of birth in Americas	180	95	85	6.1	6.3	5.8
Europe	1,805	970	840	60.8	64.7	57.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	10	0.5	0.7	0.7
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	1,205	690	520	40.6	46.0	35.5
Germany	80	40	40	2.7	2.7	2.7
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	35	0	30	1.2	0.0	2.0
Netherlands	15	10	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
Poland	20	0	20	0.7	0.0	1.4
Portugal	25	10	15	0.8	0.7	1.0
Romania	50	20	25	1.7	1.3	1.7
Russian Federation	35	15	20	1.2	1.0	1.4
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	30	15	20	1.0	1.0	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	30	25	2.0	2.0	1.7
Other places of birth in Europe	215	120	95	7.2	8.0	6.5
Africa	375	185	185	12.6	12.3	12.6
Algeria	50	35	20	1.7	2.3	1.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	95	40	50	3.2	2.7	3.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	215	105	110	7.2	7.0	7.5
Asia	240	110	130	8.1	7.3	8.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.7
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	15	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	10	40	1.5	0.7	2.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	20	10	1.0	1.3	0.7
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.7
Philippines	20	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.0
Viet Nam	55	30	25	1.9	2.0	1.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.7
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	25	0	0.8	1.7	0.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	445	220	230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	35	20	15	7.9	9.1	6.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	20	10	15	4.5	4.5	6.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	300	160	140	67.4	72.7	60.9
France	225	125	105	50.6	56.8	45.7
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0	0	3.4	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	45	30	15	10.1	13.6	6.5
Africa	85	30	60	19.1	13.6	26.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	0	15	3.4	0.0	6.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	45	20	30	10.1	9.1	13.0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	10	2.2	0.0	4.3
Asia	25	10	15	5.6	4.5	6.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	2.2	0.0	4.3
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	2.2	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	120,670	61,515	59,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,190	2,120	2,075	3.5	3.4	3.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,790	1,990	1,795	3.1	3.2	3.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	112,690	57,400	55,290	93.4	93.3	93.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,595	1,280	1,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,650	915	735	63.6	71.5	55.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	780	510	275	30.1	39.8	20.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	870	405	465	33.5	31.6	35.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	745	275	470	28.7	21.5	35.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	185	85	100	7.1	6.6	7.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	10	10	0.6	0.8	0.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,595	1,280	1,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	45	10	30	1.7	0.8	2.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	465	250	215	17.9	19.5	16.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	75	45	35	2.9	3.5	2.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	160	85	75	6.2	6.6	5.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	10	25	1.3	0.8	1.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,815	880	935	69.9	68.8	71.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	120,670	61,515	59,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,040	1,000	1,035	1.7	1.6	1.7
South Asian	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese	245	95	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Black	470	210	260	0.4	0.3	0.4
Filipino	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab	325	200	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Latin American	485	225	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Southeast Asian	280	150	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	118,630	60,515	58,115	98.3	98.4	98.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	120,665	61,510	59,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	48,655	24,430	24,225	40.3	39.7	41.0
English	1,415	715	695	1.2	1.2	1.2
Irish	5,905	2,800	3,105	4.9	4.6	5.2
Scottish	2,100	1,100	1,005	1.7	1.8	1.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	32,095	16,470	15,625	26.6	26.8	26.4
German	1,565	745	815	1.3	1.2	1.4
Chinese	265	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italian	1,175	565	610	1.0	0.9	1.0
Indian (India)	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	130	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	235	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Polish	365	195	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Québécois	16,745	8,755	7,990	13.9	14.2	13.5
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Filipino	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
French Canadian	12,035	6,090	5,945	10.0	9.9	10.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,070	1,645	1,430	2.5	2.7	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,145	1,050	1,100	1.8	1.7	1.9
Métis	555	285	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,445	765	675	1.2	1.2	1.1
Russian	130	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	235	135	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	495	245	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	550	260	295	0.5	0.4	0.5
Swedish	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	1,250	645	605	1.0	1.0	1.0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	50	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	190	115	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Greek	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	75	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,565	805	760	1.3	1.3	1.3
Danish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	290	170	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Belgian	585	275	310	0.5	0.4	0.5
Haitian	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	130	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	165	115	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	330	170	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	260	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	90	30	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	90	65	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	355	180	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	45	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	250	140	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	165	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	130	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	265	160	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	290	125	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Saskatchewanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	165	95	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Norman	210	125	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	55	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	120,670	61,515	59,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Christian	85,835	42,995	42,840	71.1	69.9	72.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,825	3,505	3,320	5.7	5.7	5.6
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	225	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	77,490	38,720	38,770	64.2	62.9	65.5
Christian Orthodox	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	245	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	65	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lutheran	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	235	135	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Presbyterian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	365	175	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	435	245	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
No religion and secular perspectives	34,135	18,125	16,010	28.3	29.5	27.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	119,140	60,760	58,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	107,050	54,855	52,195	89.9	90.3	89.4
Movers	12,085	5,900	6,190	10.1	9.7	10.6
Non-migrants	5,410	2,660	2,750	4.5	4.4	4.7
Migrants	6,680	3,240	3,440	5.6	5.3	5.9
Internal migrants	6,415	3,095	3,315	5.4	5.1	5.7
Intraprovincial migrants	6,070	2,915	3,150	5.1	4.8	5.4
Interprovincial migrants	345	180	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	270	140	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	113,475	57,755	55,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	74,040	38,120	35,920	65.2	66.0	64.5
Movers	39,430	19,635	19,800	34.7	34.0	35.5
Non-migrants	8,795	4,430	4,370	7.8	7.7	7.8
Migrants	30,635	15,205	15,430	27.0	26.3	27.7
Internal migrants	29,855	14,790	15,065	26.3	25.6	27.0
Intraprovincial migrants	28,490	14,065	14,415	25.1	24.4	25.9
Interprovincial migrants	1,370	725	645	1.2	1.3	1.2
External migrants	780	415	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,070	49,395	47,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,315	8,785	6,535	15.8	17.8	13.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	81,755	40,610	41,145	84.2	82.2	86.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	64,985	33,155	31,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,340	4,245	2,090	9.8	12.8	6.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	58,650	28,910	29,740	90.3	87.2	93.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,070	49,395	47,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,180	7,175	6,000	13.6	14.5	12.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,475	10,440	10,035	21.1	21.1	21.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	63,415	31,780	31,635	65.3	64.3	66.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	42,615	22,885	19,730	43.9	46.3	41.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	19,945	13,160	6,780	20.5	26.6	14.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	14,320	8,370	5,945	14.8	16.9	12.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,630	4,790	835	5.8	9.7	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,290	8,350	10,940	19.9	16.9	22.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,380	1,370	2,010	3.5	2.8	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,805	8,895	11,905	21.4	18.0	25.0
Bachelor's degree	13,660	5,690	7,970	14.1	11.5	16.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,570	620	950	1.6	1.3	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	560	260	300	0.6	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	4,285	1,900	2,380	4.4	3.8	5.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	725	425	305	0.7	0.9	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	64,990	33,155	31,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,780	3,075	1,700	7.4	9.3	5.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,745	5,935	4,815	16.5	17.9	15.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	49,460	24,145	25,315	76.1	72.8	79.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	32,830	17,610	15,220	50.5	53.1	47.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,175	10,605	5,570	24.9	32.0	17.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,615	6,675	4,935	17.9	20.1	15.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,565	3,925	640	7.0	11.8	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,330	6,080	8,255	22.0	18.3	25.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,320	925	1,395	3.6	2.8	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,630	6,535	10,095	25.6	19.7	31.7
Bachelor's degree	10,910	4,275	6,635	16.8	12.9	20.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,205	415	790	1.9	1.3	2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	415	150	265	0.6	0.5	0.8
Master's degree	3,525	1,390	2,135	5.4	4.2	6.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	580	305	270	0.9	0.9	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	97,070	49,395	47,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	33,655	17,615	16,040	34.7	35.7	33.6
Education	4,815	1,035	3,780	5.0	2.1	7.9
13. Education	4,815	1,035	3,780	5.0	2.1	7.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,760	660	1,100	1.8	1.3	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	240	135	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,515	525	990	1.6	1.1	2.1
Humanities	2,775	1,200	1,580	2.9	2.4	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	345	65	275	0.4	0.1	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,575	715	860	1.6	1.4	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	130	100	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	175	110	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	365	105	260	0.4	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,330	1,585	3,745	5.5	3.2	7.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	745	230	515	0.8	0.5	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,195	75	1,125	1.2	0.2	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	1,030	385	645	1.1	0.8	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	125	15	110	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	845	165	675	0.9	0.3	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,340	710	630	1.4	1.4	1.3
Business, management and public administration	13,915	4,860	9,055	14.3	9.8	19.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	930	180	745	1.0	0.4	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,970	4,680	8,290	13.4	9.5	17.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,240	1,260	985	2.3	2.6	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	770	330	440	0.8	0.7	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	280	190	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	540	270	265	0.6	0.5	0.6
40. Physical sciences	500	390	110	0.5	0.8	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,995	1,375	620	2.1	2.8	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,720	1,270	445	1.8	2.6	0.9
25. Library science	135	20	115	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	125	75	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15,020	13,720	1,305	15.5	27.8	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	370	190	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
14. Engineering	1,745	1,500	245	1.8	3.0	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,725	2,340	390	2.8	4.7	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,830	3,695	135	3.9	7.5	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,000	3,815	185	4.1	7.7	0.4
48. Precision production	2,355	2,180	175	2.4	4.4	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,490	1,580	915	2.6	3.2	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,350	710	640	1.4	1.4	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,145	865	275	1.2	1.8	0.6
Health and related fields	7,555	1,440	6,115	7.8	2.9	12.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	505	255	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,830	1,100	5,730	7.0	2.2	12.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	205	75	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,435	3,050	2,385	5.6	6.2	5.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,435	590	1,845	2.5	1.2	3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	90	75	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,245	850	390	1.3	1.7	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,625	1,500	125	1.7	3.0	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	80	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	64,985	33,155	31,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,525	9,010	6,515	23.9	27.2	20.5
Education	3,350	615	2,735	5.2	1.9	8.6
13. Education	3,350	615	2,735	5.2	1.9	8.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,410	505	905	2.2	1.5	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	205	105	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	1,205	400	805	1.9	1.2	2.5
Humanities	1,835	740	1,095	2.8	2.2	3.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	280	55	225	0.4	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	935	415	515	1.4	1.3	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
54. History	145	85	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	265	55	210	0.4	0.2	0.7
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,150	1,055	3,100	6.4	3.2	9.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	640	190	445	1.0	0.6	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,020	60	960	1.6	0.2	3.0
22. Legal professions and studies	760	215	545	1.2	0.6	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	95	15	85	0.1	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	650	110	535	1.0	0.3	1.7
45. Social sciences	940	455	485	1.4	1.4	1.5
Business, management and public administration	10,975	3,580	7,400	16.9	10.8	23.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	725	100	625	1.1	0.3	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,245	3,480	6,765	15.8	10.5	21.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,420	810	610	2.2	2.4	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	635	270	365	1.0	0.8	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	145	105	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	120	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
40. Physical sciences	405	295	110	0.6	0.9	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,715	1,190	525	2.6	3.6	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,540	1,130	410	2.4	3.4	1.3
25. Library science	85	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,020	10,850	1,170	18.5	32.7	3.7
04. Architecture and related services	280	130	150	0.4	0.4	0.5
14. Engineering	1,495	1,255	240	2.3	3.8	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,135	1,770	370	3.3	5.3	1.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,055	2,945	110	4.7	8.9	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,140	3,005	140	4.8	9.1	0.4
48. Precision production	1,910	1,750	160	2.9	5.3	0.5
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,025	1,210	815	3.1	3.6	2.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,090	535	555	1.7	1.6	1.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	940	680	260	1.4	2.1	0.8
Health and related fields	5,950	1,055	4,895	9.2	3.2	15.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	430	205	225	0.7	0.6	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,360	815	4,545	8.2	2.5	14.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	150	30	120	0.2	0.1	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,545	2,520	2,030	7.0	7.6	6.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,030	470	1,555	3.1	1.4	4.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	70	60	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,035	695	340	1.6	2.1	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,370	1,265	110	2.1	3.8	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	64,985	33,155	31,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,525	9,010	6,515	23.9	27.2	20.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	49,460	24,145	25,315	76.1	72.8	79.5
Location of study inside Canada	47,880	23,335	24,545	73.7	70.4	77.1
Same as province or territory of residence	46,670	22,655	24,015	71.8	68.3	75.4
Different than province or territory of residence	1,210	675	525	1.9	2.0	1.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,580	810	770	2.4	2.4	2.4
Americas	395	215	185	0.6	0.6	0.6
United States of America	210	130	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mexico	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	950	485	460	1.5	1.5	1.4
Belgium	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	670	355	315	1.0	1.1	1.0
Germany	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Africa	175	90	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	100	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Asia	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	97,070	49,395	47,675	...	...	...
In the labour force	65,575	34,595	30,980	...	...	...
Employed	62,250	32,900	29,350	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,325	1,690	1,635	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	31,495	14,800	16,695	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.6	70.0	65.0	67.6	70.0	65.0
Employment rate	64.1	66.6	61.6	64.1	66.6	61.6
Unemployment rate	5.1	4.9	5.3	5.1	4.9	5.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	97,070	49,395	47,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	29,340	13,615	15,725	30.2	27.6	33.0
Worked	67,730	35,780	31,950	69.8	72.4	67.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	38,915	21,280	17,635	40.1	43.1	37.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,810	14,500	14,315	29.7	29.4	30.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.1	43.5	42.6	43.1	43.5	42.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	65,575	34,590	30,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	765	400	370	1.2	1.2	1.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	64,815	34,195	30,615	98.8	98.9	98.8
Employee	56,830	29,555	27,275	86.7	85.4	88.0
Permanent position	48,090	25,175	22,920	73.3	72.8	74.0
Temporary position	8,735	4,375	4,355	13.3	12.6	14.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,855	1,285	1,570	4.4	3.7	5.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,880	3,095	2,785	9.0	8.9	9.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,985	4,640	3,340	12.2	13.4	10.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	65,575	34,590	30,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	765	400	370	1.2	1.2	1.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	64,815	34,195	30,615	98.8	98.9	98.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,665	1,240	430	2.5	3.6	1.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,270	3,420	7,850	17.2	9.9	25.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,075	3,775	1,300	7.7	10.9	4.2
3 Health occupations	5,330	910	4,425	8.1	2.6	14.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10,335	3,915	6,420	15.8	11.3	20.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,540	665	880	2.3	1.9	2.8
6 Sales and service occupations	13,750	6,330	7,420	21.0	18.3	24.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,695	10,785	915	17.8	31.2	3.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,370	1,065	305	2.1	3.1	1.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,780	2,095	685	4.2	6.1	2.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	65,575	34,590	30,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	765	400	370	1.2	1.2	1.2
All industries¹⁹¹	64,815	34,195	30,615	98.8	98.9	98.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,270	865	410	1.9	2.5	1.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	285	255	25	0.4	0.7	0.1
22 Utilities	385	300	90	0.6	0.9	0.3
23 Construction	5,330	4,720	605	8.1	13.6	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	6,400	4,625	1,775	9.8	13.4	5.7
41 Wholesale trade	2,025	1,450	575	3.1	4.2	1.9
44-45 Retail trade	6,805	3,330	3,475	10.4	9.6	11.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,315	1,730	585	3.5	5.0	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	655	420	230	1.0	1.2	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	2,740	1,110	1,630	4.2	3.2	5.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,005	565	440	1.5	1.6	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,530	2,405	2,120	6.9	7.0	6.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,780	1,085	690	2.7	3.1	2.2
61 Educational services	4,660	1,180	3,480	7.1	3.4	11.2
62 Health care and social assistance	8,470	1,510	6,955	12.9	4.4	22.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,175	650	520	1.8	1.9	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	3,075	1,375	1,700	4.7	4.0	5.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,940	1,510	1,425	4.5	4.4	4.6
91 Public administration	8,935	5,080	3,850	13.6	14.7	12.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	70,420	37,125	33,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	815	500	315	1.2	1.3	0.9
French	59,305	30,425	28,880	84.2	82.0	86.8
Non-official language	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and French	10,000	6,060	3,945	14.2	16.3	11.9
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	120	55	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	135	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	70,420	37,125	33,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	69,180	36,395	32,785	98.2	98.0	98.5
Official languages	69,125	36,370	32,760	98.2	98.0	98.4
English	1,995	1,150	845	2.8	3.1	2.5
French	67,130	35,215	31,915	95.3	94.9	95.9
Non-official languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,235	730	510	1.8	2.0	1.5
English and French	1,220	725	500	1.7	2.0	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	70,420	37,125	33,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	61,370	31,660	29,710	87.1	85.3	89.2
English	7,650	4,710	2,940	10.9	12.7	8.8
French	1,170	645	525	1.7	1.7	1.6
Non-official language	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	62,250	32,895	29,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	13,150	5,915	7,235	21.1	18.0	24.7
Worked outside Canada	70	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	7,275	5,795	1,475	11.7	17.6	5.0
Usual place of work	41,760	21,140	20,620	67.1	64.3	70.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	41,760	21,140	20,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	10,555	4,935	5,620	25.3	23.3	27.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,265	5,840	5,425	27.0	27.6	26.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	19,840	10,280	9,565	47.5	48.6	46.4
Commute to a different province or territory	100	85	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	49,030	26,940	22,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	46,115	25,450	20,665	94.1	94.5	93.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	44,180	24,575	19,610	90.1	91.2	88.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,930	880	1,055	3.9	3.3	4.8
Public transit	385	150	240	0.8	0.6	1.1
Walked	1,510	680	835	3.1	2.5	3.8
Bicycle	275	225	50	0.6	0.8	0.2
Other method	745	435	305	1.5	1.6	1.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	49,030	26,940	22,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	14,285	7,265	7,025	29.1	27.0	31.8
15 to 29 minutes	17,315	9,390	7,925	35.3	34.9	35.9
30 to 44 minutes	12,580	7,345	5,240	25.7	27.3	23.7
45 to 59 minutes	3,255	1,830	1,425	6.6	6.8	6.4
60 minutes and over	1,590	1,105	480	3.2	4.1	2.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	49,030	26,940	22,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,370	2,755	615	6.9	10.2	2.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	11,235	7,690	3,550	22.9	28.5	16.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	16,605	8,275	8,330	33.9	30.7	37.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,750	3,690	5,060	17.8	13.7	22.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,170	1,235	1,940	6.5	4.6	8.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,900	3,300	2,605	12.0	12.2	11.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	27,730	14,255	13,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,210	1,660	1,545	11.6	11.6	11.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	24,520	12,595	11,930	88.4	88.4	88.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	19,915	10,255	9,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,460	1,265	1,190	12.4	12.3	12.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,880	970	910	9.4	9.5	9.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	575	295	285	2.9	2.9	3.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,455	8,985	8,470	87.6	87.6	87.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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