Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	PontiacMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	129,781	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	115,531	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	12.3	...	...	12.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	66,609	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	53,588	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4.8	...	...	4.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	26,974.07	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	129,780	64,845	64,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	25,100	12,785	12,315	19.3	19.7	19.0
0 to 4 years	7,360	3,825	3,540	5.7	5.9	5.5
5 to 9 years	8,820	4,480	4,340	6.8	6.9	6.7
10 to 14 years	8,915	4,480	4,430	6.9	6.9	6.8
15 to 64 years	83,840	41,585	42,255	64.6	64.1	65.1
15 to 19 years	7,000	3,670	3,325	5.4	5.7	5.1
20 to 24 years	5,925	2,990	2,940	4.6	4.6	4.5
25 to 29 years	6,980	3,375	3,610	5.4	5.2	5.6
30 to 34 years	8,145	3,790	4,350	6.3	5.8	6.7
35 to 39 years	9,050	4,295	4,750	7.0	6.6	7.3
40 to 44 years	9,505	4,705	4,800	7.3	7.3	7.4
45 to 49 years	8,840	4,460	4,375	6.8	6.9	6.7
50 to 54 years	8,945	4,555	4,390	6.9	7.0	6.8
55 to 59 years	9,850	4,925	4,920	7.6	7.6	7.6
60 to 64 years	9,610	4,815	4,800	7.4	7.4	7.4
65 years and over	20,840	10,475	10,370	16.1	16.2	16.0
65 to 69 years	7,865	4,025	3,840	6.1	6.2	5.9
70 to 74 years	5,800	3,005	2,795	4.5	4.6	4.3
75 to 79 years	3,795	1,915	1,880	2.9	3.0	2.9
80 to 84 years	1,940	970	970	1.5	1.5	1.5
85 years and over	1,440	560	880	1.1	0.9	1.4
85 to 89 years	920	400	515	0.7	0.6	0.8
90 to 94 years	435	135	305	0.3	0.2	0.5
95 to 99 years	75	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.3	19.7	19.0	19.3	19.7	19.0
15 to 64 years	64.6	64.1	65.1	64.6	64.1	65.1
65 years and over	16.1	16.2	16.0	16.1	16.2	16.0
85 years and over	1.1	0.9	1.4	1.1	0.9	1.4
Average age of the population	40.4	40.2	40.5	40.4	40.2	40.5
Median age of the population	41.2	41.6	41.2	41.2	41.6	41.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	53,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	37,555	...	...	70.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,500	...	...	6.5	...	...
Row house	1,880	...	...	3.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,620	...	...	3.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,600	...	...	16.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	75	...	...	0.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	150	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	220	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	53,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	15,150	...	...	28.3	...	...
2 persons	18,865	...	...	35.2	...	...
3 persons	7,850	...	...	14.6	...	...
4 persons	7,790	...	...	14.5	...	...
5 or more persons	3,940	...	...	7.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	129,020	64,595	64,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	104,680	52,060	52,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	64,710	32,265	32,450	61.8	62.0	61.7
Married	41,885	20,890	20,995	40.0	40.1	39.9
Living common-law	22,825	11,375	11,450	21.8	21.8	21.8
Living common law - Never married	18,240	9,010	9,230	17.4	17.3	17.5
Living common law - Separated	375	210	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	3,800	1,980	1,825	3.6	3.8	3.5
Living common law - Widowed	410	170	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	39,975	19,795	20,180	38.2	38.0	38.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	27,130	14,690	12,445	25.9	28.2	23.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,885	935	950	1.8	1.8	1.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,335	2,895	3,440	6.1	5.6	6.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,620	1,275	3,350	4.4	2.4	6.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	37,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	19,320	...	...	51.4	...	...
3 persons	7,545	...	...	20.1	...	...
4 persons	7,570	...	...	20.1	...	...
5 or more persons	3,165	...	...	8.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	37,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	31,935	...	...	84.9	...	...
Married couples	20,525	...	...	54.6	...	...
With children⁶	10,085	...	...	26.8	...	...
Without children	10,435	...	...	27.8	...	...
Common-law couples	11,410	...	...	30.3	...	...
With children⁶	5,890	...	...	15.7	...	...
Without children	5,520	...	...	14.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,660	...	...	15.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,045	...	...	10.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,615	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	129,020	64,600	64,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	108,400	54,105	54,295	84.0	83.8	84.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	63,870	31,865	32,005	49.5	49.3	49.7
Parents in one-parent families	5,660	1,620	4,045	4.4	2.5	6.3
Children⁶	38,870	20,620	18,250	30.1	31.9	28.3
In a two-parent family	30,145	15,885	14,260	23.4	24.6	22.1
In a one-parent family	8,725	4,735	3,990	6.8	7.3	6.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,620	10,490	10,130	16.0	16.2	15.7
Living alone	15,150	7,800	7,345	11.7	12.1	11.4
Living with other relatives⁷	2,695	1,175	1,520	2.1	1.8	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	2,780	1,515	1,260	2.2	2.3	2.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	53,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	34,490	...	...	64.4	...	...
Couple-family households	29,785	...	...	55.6	...	...
With children⁶	14,970	...	...	27.9	...	...
Without children	14,820	...	...	27.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,710	...	...	8.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	975	...	...	1.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	215	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,260	...	...	2.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,495	...	...	2.8	...	...
One-person households	15,150	...	...	28.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	103,940	51,820	52,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	100,985	50,295	50,680	97.2	97.1	97.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,400	50,800	46,000	48,400	50,800	46,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	101,045	50,340	50,710	97.2	97.1	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	43,200	40,000	41,600	43,200	40,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,445	45,935	45,510	88.0	88.6	87.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	48,000	39,600	43,600	48,000	39,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,450	38,405	37,045	72.6	74.1	71.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	49,200	42,400	45,600	49,200	42,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,305	36,545	41,755	75.3	70.5	80.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,500	10,000	10,900	10,500	10,000	10,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,905	5,815	5,090	10.5	11.2	9.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,880	6,000	6,000	5,880	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,195	13,175	11,025	23.3	25.4	21.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	6,500	8,000	7,500	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	103,905	51,695	52,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100,885	50,265	50,615	97.1	97.2	96.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,950	60,700	53,250	56,950	60,700	53,250
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100,960	50,325	50,640	97.2	97.3	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,960	48,080	43,880	45,960	48,080	43,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,300	45,875	45,425	87.9	88.7	87.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,700	57,500	47,880	52,700	57,500	47,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,395	38,455	36,945	72.6	74.4	70.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,000	56,500	49,320	53,000	56,500	49,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,245	36,715	41,530	75.3	71.0	79.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,940	11,290	12,510	11,940	11,290	12,510
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,105	5,905	5,195	10.7	11.4	10.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,710	6,430	9,170	7,710	6,430	9,170
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,970	13,185	10,785	23.1	25.5	20.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,200	8,030	8,410	8,200	8,030	8,410
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	103,905	51,695	52,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	40,160	20,635	19,525	38.7	39.9	37.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,500	72,500	67,000	69,500	72,500	67,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,900	80,200	71,400	75,900	80,200	71,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,820	13,455	13,370	25.8	26.0	25.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	21,800	17,400	19,400	21,800	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,920	32,760	27,080	29,920	32,760	27,080
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.8	86.4	80.8	83.8	86.4	80.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.6	71.2	67.6	69.6	71.2	67.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.2	13.6	19.3	16.2	13.6	19.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.2	1.8	1.5	1.2	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.0	3.9	4.1	4.0	3.9	4.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	103,945	51,815	52,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,960	1,520	1,445	2.8	2.9	2.8
With total income	100,980	50,300	50,685	97.1	97.1	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,045	3,330	3,715	7.0	6.6	7.3
$10,000 to $19,999	10,840	4,980	5,865	10.7	9.9	11.6
$20,000 to $29,999	13,390	6,450	6,940	13.3	12.8	13.7
$30,000 to $39,999	10,650	5,015	5,640	10.5	10.0	11.1
$40,000 to $49,999	10,385	4,900	5,490	10.3	9.7	10.8
$50,000 to $59,999	9,605	4,730	4,875	9.5	9.4	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	8,730	4,350	4,380	8.6	8.6	8.6
$70,000 to $79,999	6,980	3,605	3,375	6.9	7.2	6.7
$80,000 to $89,999	5,895	2,960	2,935	5.8	5.9	5.8
$90,000 to $99,999	4,465	2,255	2,210	4.4	4.5	4.4
$100,000 and over	13,000	7,730	5,265	12.9	15.4	10.4
$100,000 to $149,999	9,795	5,635	4,165	9.7	11.2	8.2
$150,000 and over	3,200	2,100	1,095	3.2	4.2	2.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	103,945	51,815	52,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,890	1,480	1,410	2.8	2.9	2.7
With after-tax income	101,050	50,335	50,710	97.2	97.1	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,630	3,545	4,080	7.6	7.0	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	11,475	5,330	6,145	11.4	10.6	12.1
$20,000 to $29,999	15,620	7,535	8,090	15.5	15.0	16.0
$30,000 to $39,999	13,540	6,565	6,970	13.4	13.0	13.7
$40,000 to $49,999	13,545	6,640	6,905	13.4	13.2	13.6
$50,000 to $59,999	11,810	5,990	5,815	11.7	11.9	11.5
$60,000 to $69,999	9,060	4,585	4,480	9.0	9.1	8.8
$70,000 to $79,999	6,435	3,225	3,205	6.4	6.4	6.3
$80,000 to $89,999	4,545	2,440	2,110	4.5	4.8	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,815	1,595	1,220	2.8	3.2	2.4
$100,000 and over	4,575	2,885	1,685	4.5	5.7	3.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,770	1,655	1,115	2.7	3.3	2.2
$125,000 and over	1,805	1,230	575	1.8	2.4	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	103,945	51,815	52,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	28,495	13,415	15,080	27.4	25.9	28.9
With employment income	75,450	38,405	37,045	72.6	74.1	71.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,155	4,655	4,505	12.1	12.1	12.2
$5,000 to $9,999	5,250	2,395	2,860	7.0	6.2	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	7,705	3,640	4,065	10.2	9.5	11.0
$20,000 to $29,999	6,440	3,095	3,345	8.5	8.1	9.0
$30,000 to $39,999	5,765	2,790	2,980	7.6	7.3	8.0
$40,000 to $49,999	6,000	2,905	3,095	8.0	7.6	8.4
$50,000 to $59,999	6,135	3,085	3,045	8.1	8.0	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	6,050	3,000	3,050	8.0	7.8	8.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,800	2,490	2,315	6.4	6.5	6.2
$80,000 to $89,999	4,675	2,380	2,295	6.2	6.2	6.2
$90,000 to $99,999	3,400	1,785	1,615	4.5	4.6	4.4
$100,000 and over	10,065	6,180	3,885	13.3	16.1	10.5
$100,000 to $124,999	5,590	3,285	2,305	7.4	8.6	6.2
$125,000 and over	4,475	2,900	1,575	5.9	7.6	4.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	103,940	51,820	52,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	98,910	49,230	49,685	95.2	95.0	95.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	49,600	43,200	46,000	49,600	43,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	98,995	49,245	49,750	95.2	95.0	95.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	42,000	37,600	40,000	42,000	37,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,925	45,220	44,705	86.5	87.3	85.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	48,400	39,200	43,600	48,400	39,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,310	38,305	37,005	72.5	73.9	71.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	48,800	41,200	44,800	48,800	41,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,685	32,630	39,055	69.0	63.0	74.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,550	6,450	8,300	7,550	6,450	8,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	10,570	5,710	4,860	10.2	11.0	9.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,840	5,320	6,500	5,840	5,320	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	103,905	51,695	52,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	98,805	49,220	49,590	95.1	95.2	95.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,900	59,500	50,360	54,900	59,500	50,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	98,865	49,235	49,630	95.1	95.2	95.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,200	46,960	41,440	44,200	46,960	41,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,865	45,260	44,605	86.5	87.6	85.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,900	58,450	47,320	52,900	58,450	47,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,285	38,320	36,960	72.5	74.1	70.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,400	56,350	48,360	52,400	56,350	48,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,100	32,440	38,660	68.4	62.8	74.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,410	8,720	9,990	9,410	8,720	9,990
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,675	5,850	4,830	10.3	11.3	9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,100	6,590	9,920	8,100	6,590	9,920
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	103,905	51,695	52,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	39,990	20,490	19,505	38.5	39.6	37.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,000	70,000	62,800	66,000	70,000	62,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,600	76,700	66,200	71,600	76,700	66,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,095	12,700	12,390	24.2	24.6	23.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	26,800	21,800	24,200	26,800	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,680	37,520	31,720	34,680	37,520	31,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.6	90.4	84.6	87.6	90.4	84.6
Employment income (%)	72.8	73.8	71.6	72.8	73.8	71.6
Government transfers (%)	12.3	9.7	15.5	12.3	9.7	15.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.3	1.9	1.6	1.3	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	53,590	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	15,150	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	...	...	45,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	38,435	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	53,550	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	107,300	...	...	107,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	86,700	...	...	86,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	15,065	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,950	...	...	53,950	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,840	...	...	43,840	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	38,490	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,200	...	...	128,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,500	...	...	103,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	53,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	405	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	280	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	635	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	885	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,105	...	...	3.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,560	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,520	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,780	...	...	3.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,795	...	...	3.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,740	...	...	3.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,560	...	...	6.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,645	...	...	6.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,365	...	...	6.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,235	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,885	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	24,200	...	...	45.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,660	...	...	12.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,155	...	...	9.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,690	...	...	12.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,695	...	...	10.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	53,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	455	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	285	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	670	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	945	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,300	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,810	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,815	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,255	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,260	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,245	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,630	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,360	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,065	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,785	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,520	...	...	6.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,180	...	...	33.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,865	...	...	12.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,750	...	...	8.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,565	...	...	12.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	37,485	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,960	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	16,085	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,000	...	...	150,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,390	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	17,930	9,320	8,610	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	44,000	42,400	43,200	44,000	42,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	38,400	37,600	38,000	38,400	37,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	37,520	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	128,400	...	...	128,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,500	...	...	103,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,955	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	110,100	...	...	110,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,500	...	...	88,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,105	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	161,600	...	...	161,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,200	...	...	129,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,400	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,900	...	...	83,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	17,860	9,225	8,630	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,850	53,300	50,280	51,850	53,300	50,280
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,400	42,960	41,760	42,400	42,960	41,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	129,020	64,595	64,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	29,540	15,100	14,440	22.9	23.4	22.4
0 to 5 years	9,080	4,695	4,380	7.0	7.3	6.8
18 to 64 years	79,165	39,150	40,015	61.4	60.6	62.1
65 years and over	20,320	10,350	9,970	15.7	16.0	15.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,935	6,010	5,925	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,310	1,215	1,095	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	745	385	355	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,185	3,125	3,060	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,440	1,670	1,770	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.3	9.3	9.2	9.3	9.3	9.2
0 to 17 years (%)	7.8	8.1	7.6	7.8	8.1	7.6
0 to 5 years (%)	8.2	8.2	8.2	8.2	8.2	8.2
18 to 64 years (%)	7.8	8.0	7.7	7.8	8.0	7.7
65 years and over (%)	16.9	16.1	17.8	16.9	16.1	17.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	127,825	64,040	63,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	29,255	14,950	14,305	22.9	23.3	22.4
0 to 5 years	8,990	4,660	4,335	7.0	7.3	6.8
18 to 64 years	78,470	38,845	39,625	61.4	60.7	62.1
65 years and over	20,095	10,245	9,850	15.7	16.0	15.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,585	1,865	1,715	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	595	295	305	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	185	85	95	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,610	1,395	1,215	...	...	...
65 years and over	375	175	200	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8	2.9	2.7	2.8	2.9	2.7
0 to 17 years (%)	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.1
0 to 5 years (%)	2.0	1.8	2.2	2.0	1.8	2.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.3	3.6	3.1	3.3	3.6	3.1
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.7	2.0	1.9	1.7	2.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	129,020	64,595	64,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	57,595	28,430	29,170	44.6	44.0	45.3
In bottom decile	10,255	5,245	5,010	7.9	8.1	7.8
In second decile	10,490	5,095	5,395	8.1	7.9	8.4
In third decile	11,205	5,465	5,745	8.7	8.5	8.9
In fourth decile	12,450	6,100	6,350	9.6	9.4	9.9
In fifth decile	13,200	6,530	6,675	10.2	10.1	10.4
In top half of the distribution	71,420	36,165	35,260	55.4	56.0	54.7
In sixth decile	14,085	7,150	6,940	10.9	11.1	10.8
In seventh decile	14,785	7,450	7,335	11.5	11.5	11.4
In eighth decile	15,615	7,885	7,735	12.1	12.2	12.0
In ninth decile	15,720	7,935	7,790	12.2	12.3	12.1
In top decile	11,210	5,740	5,465	8.7	8.9	8.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	129,020	...	...	129,020	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.302	...	...	0.302	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.404	...	...	0.404	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.262	...	...	0.262	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	129,265	64,705	64,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	19,155	10,040	9,115	14.8	15.5	14.1
French only	30,565	14,595	15,975	23.6	22.6	24.7
English and French	79,120	39,875	39,240	61.2	61.6	60.8
Neither English nor French	425	195	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	129,265	64,705	64,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	35,200	17,685	17,510	27.2	27.3	27.1
French	89,830	44,860	44,965	69.5	69.3	69.6
English and French	3,845	1,975	1,870	3.0	3.1	2.9
Neither English nor French	400	180	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	129,265	64,705	64,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	123,295	61,700	61,595	95.4	95.4	95.4
Official languages	113,500	56,975	56,525	87.8	88.1	87.5
English	29,325	14,785	14,535	22.7	22.8	22.5
French	84,180	42,195	41,985	65.1	65.2	65.0
Non-official languages	9,790	4,720	5,075	7.6	7.3	7.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	205	95	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	200	95	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	140	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,590	4,630	4,965	7.4	7.2	7.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,240	1,130	1,105	1.7	1.7	1.7
Berber languages	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	130	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	130	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,935	985	955	1.5	1.5	1.5
Amharic	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,900	965	935	1.5	1.5	1.4
Aramaic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	180	65	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	260	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,985	2,395	2,595	3.9	3.7	4.0
Albanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,220	585	640	0.9	0.9	1.0
Baltic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,205	570	630	0.9	0.9	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	170	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	410	190	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	385	205	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	220	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	470	205	260	0.4	0.3	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	335	145	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
German	290	130	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	405	220	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	260	145	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	235	130	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	60	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian Persian	155	90	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,790	1,335	1,455	2.2	2.1	2.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	670	325	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	440	210	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	1,545	725	820	1.2	1.1	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	970	470	500	0.8	0.7	0.8
Akan (Twi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	200	85	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lingala	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	200	95	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	510	240	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	505	240	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	405	195	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,975	3,005	2,970	4.6	4.6	4.6
English and French	4,030	2,060	1,970	3.1	3.2	3.1
English and non-official language(s)	575	280	295	0.4	0.4	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	910	430	480	0.7	0.7	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	345	175	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	129,265	64,705	64,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	29,520	15,005	14,515	22.8	23.2	22.5
French	73,865	37,025	36,840	57.1	57.2	57.1
Non-official language	2,455	1,225	1,225	1.9	1.9	1.9
Indigenous³⁹	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,415	1,210	1,200	1.9	1.9	1.9
English and French	15,130	7,465	7,670	11.7	11.5	11.9
English and non-official language(s)	2,305	1,135	1,170	1.8	1.8	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	2,760	1,275	1,485	2.1	2.0	2.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,130	1,525	1,600	2.4	2.4	2.5
Multiple non-official languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	129,265	64,705	64,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	123,375	61,855	61,525	95.4	95.6	95.3
Official languages	118,620	59,495	59,125	91.8	91.9	91.6
English	35,840	18,050	17,795	27.7	27.9	27.6
French	82,780	41,450	41,330	64.0	64.1	64.0
Non-official languages	4,755	2,360	2,400	3.7	3.6	3.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,695	2,335	2,360	3.6	3.6	3.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,240	615	630	1.0	1.0	1.0
Berber languages	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,100	540	555	0.9	0.8	0.9
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,085	535	550	0.8	0.8	0.9
Aramaic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,515	1,260	1,260	1.9	1.9	2.0
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	680	355	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	680	355	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	275	140	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	255	145	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	170	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	205	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	95	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,530	740	785	1.2	1.1	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	1,000	470	530	0.8	0.7	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	270	145	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	345	170	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	335	170	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	305	155	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,890	2,850	3,045	4.6	4.4	4.7
English and French	3,920	1,930	1,985	3.0	3.0	3.1
English and non-official language(s)	645	310	340	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	870	390	480	0.7	0.6	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	420	210	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	129,270	64,705	64,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	110,850	55,680	55,165	85.8	86.1	85.4
English	7,780	3,895	3,885	6.0	6.0	6.0
French	5,570	2,660	2,910	4.3	4.1	4.5
Non-official language	2,765	1,340	1,420	2.1	2.1	2.2
Indigenous³⁹	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	2,660	1,290	1,365	2.1	2.0	2.1
English and French	680	345	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	760	370	390	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	610	280	325	0.5	0.4	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	128,970	64,465	64,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	128,470	64,215	64,250	99.6	99.6	99.6
English	98,010	49,770	48,235	76.0	77.2	74.8
French	109,410	54,205	55,205	84.8	84.1	85.6
Non-official languages	18,745	8,915	9,830	14.5	13.8	15.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	480	230	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algonquian languages	435	195	240	0.3	0.3	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	335	140	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	320	135	185	0.2	0.2	0.3
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	18,285	8,710	9,575	14.2	13.5	14.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,610	1,855	1,755	2.8	2.9	2.7
Berber languages	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	195	95	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tamazight	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	95	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hausa	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	85	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	190	75	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	175	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,280	1,695	1,585	2.5	2.6	2.5
Amharic	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	3,200	1,655	1,545	2.5	2.6	2.4
Aramaic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	410	140	270	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	230	65	160	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	815	345	465	0.6	0.5	0.7
Haitian Creole	725	305	415	0.6	0.5	0.6
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10,460	4,960	5,500	8.1	7.7	8.5
Albanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,720	830	890	1.3	1.3	1.4
Baltic languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,690	815	875	1.3	1.3	1.4
Belarusian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	250	105	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	735	355	380	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	575	300	285	0.4	0.5	0.4
Bosnian	175	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	285	160	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	410	215	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	175	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,075	540	535	0.8	0.8	0.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	885	460	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
German	855	455	405	0.7	0.7	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	170	60	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Afrikaans	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	130	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	105	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	565	290	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	270	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	90	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	100	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	330	190	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	320	185	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dari	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	210	120	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,485	3,495	3,995	5.8	5.4	6.2
Catalan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	605	300	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portuguese	1,055	530	530	0.8	0.8	0.8
Romanian	745	350	390	0.6	0.5	0.6
Spanish	5,545	2,530	3,015	4.3	3.9	4.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	2,300	1,135	1,165	1.8	1.8	1.8
Akan (Twi)	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	245	135	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	310	155	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lingala	405	215	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Luba-Kasai	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	375	180	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	400	230	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Wojenaka	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	280	125	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	535	275	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nilo-Saharan languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	70	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
African, n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	60	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	725	360	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	725	360	365	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	620	300	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	165	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	95	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	128,970	64,465	64,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	10,135	5,080	5,055	7.9	7.9	7.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	9,725	4,870	4,855	7.5	7.6	7.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,485	2,160	2,330	3.5	3.4	3.6
Métis	5,100	2,645	2,455	4.0	4.1	3.8
Inuk (Inuit)	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	180	105	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	118,840	59,385	59,460	92.1	92.1	92.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	128,970	64,465	64,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,800	1,405	1,395	2.2	2.2	2.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	126,175	63,060	63,110	97.8	97.8	97.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	53,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	41,700	...	...	77.9	...	...
Renter	11,750	...	...	21.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	105	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	53,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,885	...	...	11.0	...	...
Not condominium	47,670	...	...	89.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	53,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	4,625	...	...	8.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	14,860	...	...	27.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	21,400	...	...	40.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,580	...	...	23.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	53,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,715	...	...	21.9	...	...
5 rooms	9,255	...	...	17.3	...	...
6 rooms	8,795	...	...	16.4	...	...
7 rooms	7,245	...	...	13.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	16,530	...	...	30.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	53,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	53,070	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	485	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	53,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	52,035	...	...	97.2	...	...
Not suitable	1,520	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	53,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,295	...	...	13.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,905	...	...	20.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,575	...	...	12.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,925	...	...	11.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,135	...	...	7.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	7,250	...	...	13.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,430	...	...	10.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	6,040	...	...	11.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	53,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	49,900	...	...	93.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,650	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	53,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	26,280	...	...	49.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	26,020	...	...	48.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,255	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	53,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,180	...	...	2.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,245	...	...	13.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	10,415	...	...	19.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,225	...	...	19.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,380	...	...	21.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,560	...	...	16.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,705	...	...	6.9	...	...
85 years and over	830	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	52,390	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	46,265	...	...	88.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,125	...	...	11.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,475	...	...	10.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	53,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,540	...	...	19.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,510	...	...	10.3	...	...
Not suitable only	1,250	...	...	2.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,045	...	...	5.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	130	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	475	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	125	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	43,005	...	...	80.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	51,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,630	...	...	5.1	...	...
Not in core need	49,105	...	...	94.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	40,900	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.1	...	...	64.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.0	...	...	9.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,140	...	...	1,140	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,252	...	...	1,252	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	374,000	...	...	374,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,655	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.6	...	...	7.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.2	...	...	21.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.3	...	...	10.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	930	...	...	930	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...	970	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	105	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	9.5	...	...	9.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	332	...	...	332	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	395	...	...	395	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	128,975	64,460	64,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	8,210	4,060	4,145	6.4	6.3	6.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	8,030	3,980	4,050	6.2	6.2	6.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	6,060	3,085	2,975	4.7	4.8	4.6
Métis single ancestry	1,895	855	1,035	1.5	1.3	1.6
Inuit single ancestry	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	175	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	9,500	4,570	4,935	7.4	7.1	7.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	9,345	4,505	4,835	7.2	7.0	7.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	7,455	3,595	3,865	5.8	5.6	6.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,785	880	905	1.4	1.4	1.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	140	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	111,265	55,830	55,435	86.3	86.6	85.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	128,975	64,460	64,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	124,615	62,315	62,295	96.6	96.7	96.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	28,730	14,490	14,240	22.3	22.5	22.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	95,885	47,825	48,060	74.3	74.2	74.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,360	2,145	2,215	3.4	3.3	3.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	128,975	64,460	64,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	114,600	57,420	57,180	88.9	89.1	88.6
Immigrants⁸¹	13,365	6,515	6,855	10.4	10.1	10.6
Before 1980	1,385	760	625	1.1	1.2	1.0
1980 to 1990	1,140	560	575	0.9	0.9	0.9
1991 to 2000	2,010	990	1,015	1.6	1.5	1.6
2001 to 2010	3,860	1,860	2,000	3.0	2.9	3.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,980	2,345	2,640	3.9	3.6	4.1
2011 to 2015	2,485	1,135	1,345	1.9	1.8	2.1
2016 to 2021	2,500	1,205	1,290	1.9	1.9	2.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,005	530	480	0.8	0.8	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	13,370	6,515	6,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,565	730	835	11.7	11.2	12.2
5 to 14 years	2,495	1,285	1,210	18.7	19.7	17.7
15 to 24 years	1,980	925	1,050	14.8	14.2	15.3
25 to 44 years	6,575	3,235	3,340	49.2	49.7	48.7
45 years and over	755	335	420	5.6	5.1	6.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	13,370	6,515	6,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,500	1,100	1,405	18.7	16.9	20.5
Brazil	105	45	60	0.8	0.7	0.9
Colombia	485	195	285	3.6	3.0	4.2
El Salvador	90	40	50	0.7	0.6	0.7
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	510	220	290	3.8	3.4	4.2
Jamaica	45	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mexico	170	55	110	1.3	0.8	1.6
Peru	105	50	55	0.8	0.8	0.8
Trinidad and Tobago	20	10	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
United States of America	485	225	255	3.6	3.5	3.7
Other places of birth in Americas	490	230	255	3.7	3.5	3.7
Europe	3,810	1,960	1,850	28.5	30.1	27.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	290	140	145	2.2	2.1	2.1
Croatia	65	40	30	0.5	0.6	0.4
France	700	395	310	5.2	6.1	4.5
Germany	220	110	110	1.6	1.7	1.6
Greece	20	20	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Hungary	30	25	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
Italy	55	30	30	0.4	0.5	0.4
Netherlands	45	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.4
Poland	125	45	80	0.9	0.7	1.2
Portugal	320	195	125	2.4	3.0	1.8
Romania	525	250	275	3.9	3.8	4.0
Russian Federation	135	50	85	1.0	0.8	1.2
Serbia⁸⁶	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukraine	170	70	100	1.3	1.1	1.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	500	260	235	3.7	4.0	3.4
Other places of birth in Europe	565	295	270	4.2	4.5	3.9
Africa	4,540	2,270	2,270	34.0	34.8	33.1
Algeria	385	205	185	2.9	3.1	2.7
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	360	200	165	2.7	3.1	2.4
Egypt	105	50	50	0.8	0.8	0.7
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Morocco	580	295	290	4.3	4.5	4.2
Nigeria	35	15	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Somalia	50	25	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	35	15	15	0.3	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth in Africa	2,975	1,465	1,515	22.3	22.5	22.1
Asia	2,455	1,150	1,305	18.4	17.7	19.0
Afghanistan	70	40	35	0.5	0.6	0.5
Iran⁸⁸	160	80	80	1.2	1.2	1.2
Iraq	70	45	30	0.5	0.7	0.4
Lebanon	555	265	285	4.2	4.1	4.2
Syria⁸⁹	140	80	65	1.0	1.2	0.9
Turkey	60	30	35	0.4	0.5	0.5
China⁹⁰	415	195	220	3.1	3.0	3.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	85	35	50	0.6	0.5	0.7
Taiwan	30	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Philippines	275	105	165	2.1	1.6	2.4
Viet Nam	55	30	30	0.4	0.5	0.4
Bangladesh	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
India	100	40	55	0.7	0.6	0.8
Pakistan	45	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.4
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	340	130	210	2.5	2.0	3.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	65	35	25	0.5	0.5	0.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,495	1,205	1,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	310	165	150	12.4	13.7	11.6
Brazil	15	10	0	0.6	0.8	0.0
Colombia	55	25	35	2.2	2.1	2.7
Haiti	80	55	30	3.2	4.6	2.3
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	10	15	1.2	0.8	1.2
United States of America	40	15	25	1.6	1.2	1.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	10	15	1.0	0.8	1.2
Other places of birth in Americas	55	35	25	2.2	2.9	1.9
Europe	430	210	220	17.2	17.4	17.1
France	125	70	55	5.0	5.8	4.3
Germany	15	0	15	0.6	0.0	1.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	10	0.6	0.8	0.8
Ukraine	60	25	35	2.4	2.1	2.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	20	30	2.0	1.7	2.3
Other places of birth in Europe	170	90	80	6.8	7.5	6.2
Africa	1,125	530	600	45.1	44.0	46.5
Algeria	60	35	30	2.4	2.9	2.3
Burundi	115	55	60	4.6	4.6	4.7
Cameroon	165	45	120	6.6	3.7	9.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	60	35	25	2.4	2.9	1.9
Côte d'Ivoire	150	85	70	6.0	7.1	5.4
Egypt	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	110	40	65	4.4	3.3	5.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	70	30	45	2.8	2.5	3.5
Other places of birth in Africa	370	190	175	14.8	15.8	13.6
Asia	605	280	325	24.2	23.2	25.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	120	65	60	4.8	5.4	4.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	30	10	15	1.2	0.8	1.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	45	20	25	1.8	1.7	1.9
Lebanon	60	25	30	2.4	2.1	2.3
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	165	80	85	6.6	6.6	6.6
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	95	45	45	3.8	3.7	3.5
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	35	10	20	1.4	0.8	1.6
Oceania and other⁹³	20	20	0	0.8	1.7	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15	15	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	128,970	64,465	64,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	15,575	7,605	7,965	12.1	11.8	12.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	11,980	5,860	6,130	9.3	9.1	9.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	101,415	51,000	50,415	78.6	79.1	78.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	11,980	5,755	6,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,525	3,330	3,190	54.5	57.9	51.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,985	1,755	1,225	24.9	30.5	19.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,540	1,575	1,960	29.5	27.4	31.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,000	1,255	1,740	25.0	21.8	28.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,360	1,145	1,210	19.7	19.9	19.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	110	30	80	0.9	0.5	1.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	11,980	5,755	6,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	895	400	490	7.5	7.0	7.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	850	435	410	7.1	7.6	6.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	445	230	220	3.7	4.0	3.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	805	435	370	6.7	7.6	5.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	55	25	30	0.5	0.4	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	8,935	4,230	4,710	74.6	73.5	75.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	128,970	64,465	64,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	14,865	7,125	7,740	11.5	11.1	12.0
South Asian	455	230	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese	920	410	515	0.7	0.6	0.8
Black	7,270	3,550	3,720	5.6	5.5	5.8
Filipino	355	145	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Arab	2,665	1,350	1,315	2.1	2.1	2.0
Latin American	1,520	655	865	1.2	1.0	1.3
Southeast Asian	430	190	245	0.3	0.3	0.4
West Asian	345	185	160	0.3	0.3	0.2
Korean	170	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	435	175	255	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	114,105	57,335	56,775	88.5	88.9	88.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	128,975	64,465	64,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	32,430	16,145	16,290	25.1	25.0	25.3
English	8,695	4,460	4,235	6.7	6.9	6.6
Irish	17,385	8,345	9,035	13.5	12.9	14.0
Scottish	9,165	4,355	4,800	7.1	6.8	7.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	32,060	16,105	15,955	24.9	25.0	24.7
German	5,505	2,805	2,700	4.3	4.4	4.2
Chinese	1,175	530	640	0.9	0.8	1.0
Italian	2,315	1,165	1,150	1.8	1.8	1.8
Indian (India)	535	240	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ukrainian	1,060	470	590	0.8	0.7	0.9
Dutch	1,115	530	580	0.9	0.8	0.9
Polish	1,755	790	970	1.4	1.2	1.5
Québécois	9,465	4,810	4,660	7.3	7.5	7.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,565	740	825	1.2	1.1	1.3
Filipino	400	180	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
French Canadian	9,210	4,875	4,330	7.1	7.6	6.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,055	1,460	1,595	2.4	2.3	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	5,190	2,535	2,650	4.0	3.9	4.1
Métis	3,990	1,880	2,115	3.1	2.9	3.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,025	1,030	1,000	1.6	1.6	1.6
Russian	640	285	360	0.5	0.4	0.6
Norwegian	295	125	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Welsh	745	330	415	0.6	0.5	0.6
Portuguese	1,340	730	605	1.0	1.1	0.9
American	795	395	395	0.6	0.6	0.6
Spanish	1,140	565	575	0.9	0.9	0.9
Swedish	295	165	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hungarian	400	185	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Acadian	1,360	700	660	1.1	1.1	1.0
Pakistani	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,400	725	675	1.1	1.1	1.0
Jewish	375	210	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	250	110	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	940	475	460	0.7	0.7	0.7
Greek	330	180	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	205	95	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	370	220	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Korean	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	825	375	450	0.6	0.6	0.7
Lebanese	1,365	680	685	1.1	1.1	1.1
Iranian	250	140	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	695	315	380	0.5	0.5	0.6
Danish	290	130	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,020	955	1,065	1.6	1.5	1.7
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	345	200	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Belgian	965	500	465	0.7	0.8	0.7
Haitian	1,020	490	530	0.8	0.8	0.8
Hindu	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mexican	300	155	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Swiss	405	210	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	185	75	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sri Lankan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	195	95	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Japanese	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	690	285	400	0.5	0.4	0.6
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	230	145	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	310	140	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Tamil	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	95	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Colombian	485	200	275	0.4	0.3	0.4
Moroccan	695	355	340	0.5	0.6	0.5
Czech	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	210	95	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Guyanese	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	340	200	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Serbian	235	135	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ojibway	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	140	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	530	265	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Persian	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	45	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	185	75	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	200	80	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bangladeshi	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	365	170	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Brazilian	175	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	170	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Salvadorean	170	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
African Caribbean	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	120	25	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	4,430	2,295	2,135	3.4	3.6	3.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	90	20	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Palestinian	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	125	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	540	310	230	0.4	0.5	0.4
Nova Scotian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	180	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Berber	260	145	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	65	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israeli	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	305	105	205	0.2	0.2	0.3
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	290	140	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuban	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	160	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	505	185	320	0.4	0.3	0.5
Guatemalan	60	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	455	190	265	0.4	0.3	0.4
Argentinian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	65	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	355	170	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
New Zealander	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	90	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	340	190	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	105	25	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Norman	165	95	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	325	145	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Saulteaux	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundian	315	120	195	0.2	0.2	0.3
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	290	135	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Grenadian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	40	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Honduran	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	200	80	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	135	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	180	60	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	128,975	64,465	64,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	300	105	195	0.2	0.2	0.3
Christian	83,020	40,580	42,435	64.4	62.9	65.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,485	3,625	3,865	5.8	5.6	6.0
Anabaptist	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	2,030	970	1,060	1.6	1.5	1.6
Baptist	520	250	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catholic	64,955	31,935	33,020	50.4	49.5	51.2
Christian Orthodox	1,500	725	770	1.2	1.1	1.2
Jehovah's Witness	465	200	270	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	495	230	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	715	325	390	0.6	0.5	0.6
Presbyterian	395	205	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Reformed	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	1,860	855	1,000	1.4	1.3	1.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,340	1,155	1,185	1.8	1.8	1.8
Hindu	150	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	275	145	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	4,355	2,190	2,160	3.4	3.4	3.3
Sikh	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	325	130	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	595	225	365	0.5	0.3	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	39,950	21,015	18,930	31.0	32.6	29.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	127,570	63,735	63,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	112,285	56,440	55,850	88.0	88.6	87.5
Movers	15,280	7,300	7,985	12.0	11.5	12.5
Non-migrants	7,705	3,745	3,955	6.0	5.9	6.2
Migrants	7,580	3,550	4,030	5.9	5.6	6.3
Internal migrants	7,105	3,350	3,755	5.6	5.3	5.9
Intraprovincial migrants	4,360	2,120	2,240	3.4	3.3	3.5
Interprovincial migrants	2,745	1,225	1,515	2.2	1.9	2.4
External migrants	480	205	275	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	121,620	60,605	61,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	74,095	37,660	36,430	60.9	62.1	59.7
Movers	47,525	22,940	24,585	39.1	37.9	40.3
Non-migrants	16,585	7,925	8,665	13.6	13.1	14.2
Migrants	30,940	15,020	15,920	25.4	24.8	26.1
Internal migrants	28,115	13,620	14,490	23.1	22.5	23.7
Intraprovincial migrants	20,445	10,030	10,415	16.8	16.5	17.1
Interprovincial migrants	7,665	3,590	4,075	6.3	5.9	6.7
External migrants	2,830	1,400	1,430	2.3	2.3	2.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	103,905	51,695	52,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	21,865	12,910	8,955	21.0	25.0	17.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	82,040	38,790	43,250	79.0	75.0	82.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	70,695	34,875	35,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,170	6,665	3,500	14.4	19.1	9.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	60,525	28,210	32,315	85.6	80.9	90.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	103,905	51,695	52,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,345	11,185	8,160	18.6	21.6	15.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	22,400	11,035	11,365	21.6	21.3	21.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	62,160	29,475	32,685	59.8	57.0	62.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35,120	17,615	17,505	33.8	34.1	33.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,190	8,125	5,065	12.7	15.7	9.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,645	4,530	4,115	8.3	8.8	7.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,545	3,595	950	4.4	7.0	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,250	8,560	10,690	18.5	16.6	20.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,680	935	1,745	2.6	1.8	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	27,040	11,860	15,180	26.0	22.9	29.1
Bachelor's degree	16,930	7,005	9,920	16.3	13.6	19.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,110	940	1,165	2.0	1.8	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	505	250	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Master's degree	6,545	3,150	3,390	6.3	6.1	6.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	955	500	455	0.9	1.0	0.9
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	70,690	34,875	35,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,470	5,540	2,935	12.0	15.9	8.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,910	6,490	6,425	18.3	18.6	17.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	49,310	22,845	26,460	69.8	65.5	73.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,540	13,260	13,285	37.5	38.0	37.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,070	6,100	3,970	14.2	17.5	11.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,625	3,365	3,265	9.4	9.6	9.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,445	2,735	710	4.9	7.8	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,490	6,480	8,010	20.5	18.6	22.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,980	680	1,295	2.8	1.9	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	22,765	9,590	13,180	32.2	27.5	36.8
Bachelor's degree	14,185	5,735	8,445	20.1	16.4	23.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,720	685	1,040	2.4	2.0	2.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	390	160	230	0.6	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	5,700	2,640	3,055	8.1	7.6	8.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	770	370	400	1.1	1.1	1.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	103,905	51,695	52,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	41,745	22,220	19,520	40.2	43.0	37.4
Education	4,190	1,035	3,155	4.0	2.0	6.0
13. Education	4,190	1,035	3,155	4.0	2.0	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,780	785	1,000	1.7	1.5	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	245	180	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,535	605	930	1.5	1.2	1.8
Humanities	3,250	1,230	2,020	3.1	2.4	3.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	670	150	515	0.6	0.3	1.0
23. English language and literature/letters	300	125	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,185	405	785	1.1	0.8	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	195	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	120	95	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	375	200	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	370	130	240	0.4	0.3	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,740	3,055	5,680	8.4	5.9	10.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,145	355	785	1.1	0.7	1.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,100	90	1,010	1.1	0.2	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	1,475	550	925	1.4	1.1	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	210	70	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	1,205	270	940	1.2	0.5	1.8
45. Social sciences	3,465	1,670	1,795	3.3	3.2	3.4
Business, management and public administration	14,590	4,925	9,660	14.0	9.5	18.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,355	360	1,000	1.3	0.7	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	13,225	4,565	8,660	12.7	8.8	16.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,150	1,215	935	2.1	2.4	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	755	330	425	0.7	0.6	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	450	265	185	0.4	0.5	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	350	185	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
40. Physical sciences	545	415	130	0.5	0.8	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,025	2,105	915	2.9	4.1	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,470	1,890	585	2.4	3.7	1.1
25. Library science	235	25	215	0.2	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	245	155	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,290	10,280	1,010	10.9	19.9	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	495	280	215	0.5	0.5	0.4
14. Engineering	2,065	1,680	385	2.0	3.2	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,060	1,860	200	2.0	3.6	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,260	3,190	75	3.1	6.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,220	2,160	60	2.1	4.2	0.1
48. Precision production	1,185	1,115	65	1.1	2.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,680	1,095	585	1.6	2.1	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	815	445	370	0.8	0.9	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	865	655	215	0.8	1.3	0.4
Health and related fields	7,315	1,370	5,950	7.0	2.7	11.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	530	270	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,620	1,010	5,605	6.4	2.0	10.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	150	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,130	2,370	1,765	4.0	4.6	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,820	505	1,320	1.8	1.0	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	65	55	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,410	1,060	355	1.4	2.1	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	820	735	80	0.8	1.4	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	70,690	34,870	35,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,380	12,030	9,360	30.2	34.5	26.1
Education	2,925	595	2,325	4.1	1.7	6.5
13. Education	2,925	595	2,325	4.1	1.7	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,370	590	785	1.9	1.7	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	155	115	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,210	475	740	1.7	1.4	2.1
Humanities	2,295	870	1,425	3.2	2.5	4.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	520	130	390	0.7	0.4	1.1
23. English language and literature/letters	230	85	145	0.3	0.2	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	675	230	440	1.0	0.7	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	65	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	315	155	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	275	100	175	0.4	0.3	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,165	2,350	4,815	10.1	6.7	13.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	110	45	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,010	280	725	1.4	0.8	2.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	905	80	825	1.3	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	1,190	390	805	1.7	1.1	2.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	150	50	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	1,005	205	805	1.4	0.6	2.2
45. Social sciences	2,795	1,305	1,490	4.0	3.7	4.2
Business, management and public administration	12,060	4,090	7,965	17.1	11.7	22.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,130	285	845	1.6	0.8	2.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,920	3,800	7,120	15.4	10.9	19.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,370	780	585	1.9	2.2	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	610	250	365	0.9	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	255	160	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	80	55	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	395	300	100	0.6	0.9	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,560	1,775	785	3.6	5.1	2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,135	1,620	510	3.0	4.6	1.4
25. Library science	175	20	160	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	185	105	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,905	7,995	915	12.6	22.9	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	440	235	210	0.6	0.7	0.6
14. Engineering	1,820	1,455	365	2.6	4.2	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,605	1,445	165	2.3	4.1	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,500	2,440	60	3.5	7.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,655	1,600	55	2.3	4.6	0.2
48. Precision production	880	825	60	1.2	2.4	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,360	860	510	1.9	2.5	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	635	320	310	0.9	0.9	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	735	535	195	1.0	1.5	0.5
Health and related fields	5,965	1,030	4,935	8.4	3.0	13.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	445	225	230	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,380	755	4,630	7.6	2.2	12.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,315	1,905	1,410	4.7	5.5	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,395	350	1,040	2.0	1.0	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,210	910	300	1.7	2.6	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	640	575	60	0.9	1.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	70,690	34,870	35,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,380	12,030	9,360	30.2	34.5	26.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	49,305	22,850	26,460	69.7	65.5	73.9
Location of study inside Canada	44,905	20,680	24,225	63.5	59.3	67.6
Same as province or territory of residence	28,145	12,925	15,220	39.8	37.1	42.5
Different than province or territory of residence	16,765	7,755	9,005	23.7	22.2	25.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,400	2,170	2,235	6.2	6.2	6.2
Americas	835	405	430	1.2	1.2	1.2
United States of America	320	190	135	0.5	0.5	0.4
Mexico	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	30	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	150	60	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Peru	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,750	945	805	2.5	2.7	2.2
Belgium	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	600	350	250	0.8	1.0	0.7
Germany	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	210	115	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian Federation	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	280	150	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	170	90	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Africa	980	435	545	1.4	1.2	1.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	185	75	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Tunisia	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	510	200	305	0.7	0.6	0.9
Asia	800	360	430	1.1	1.0	1.2
Iran⁸⁸	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	140	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	145	45	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oceania	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Australia	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	103,905	51,695	52,210	...	...	...
In the labour force	68,635	35,260	33,375	...	...	...
Employed	63,410	32,460	30,950	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,225	2,800	2,425	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	35,270	16,435	18,835	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.1	68.2	63.9	66.1	68.2	63.9
Employment rate	61.0	62.8	59.3	61.0	62.8	59.3
Unemployment rate	7.6	7.9	7.3	7.6	7.9	7.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	103,905	51,695	52,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	34,175	15,965	18,210	32.9	30.9	34.9
Worked	69,730	35,730	34,000	67.1	69.1	65.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	41,280	21,310	19,970	39.7	41.2	38.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,450	14,425	14,030	27.4	27.9	26.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	42.8	42.3	42.6	42.8	42.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	68,640	35,265	33,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,190	620	570	1.7	1.8	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	67,450	34,645	32,805	98.3	98.2	98.3
Employee	58,335	28,825	29,515	85.0	81.7	88.4
Permanent position	48,605	24,150	24,455	70.8	68.5	73.3
Temporary position	9,730	4,670	5,055	14.2	13.2	15.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,465	1,475	1,990	5.0	4.2	6.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,265	3,195	3,070	9.1	9.1	9.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,110	5,820	3,290	13.3	16.5	9.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	68,640	35,265	33,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,190	620	570	1.7	1.8	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	67,450	34,645	32,805	98.3	98.2	98.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,345	880	470	2.0	2.5	1.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	14,150	4,025	10,125	20.6	11.4	30.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,675	4,285	1,390	8.3	12.2	4.2
3 Health occupations	4,780	860	3,920	7.0	2.4	11.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	11,980	4,205	7,780	17.5	11.9	23.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,965	860	1,105	2.9	2.4	3.3
6 Sales and service occupations	12,720	6,175	6,545	18.5	17.5	19.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,850	10,970	880	17.3	31.1	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,735	1,355	385	2.5	3.8	1.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,240	1,025	215	1.8	2.9	0.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	68,640	35,265	33,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,190	620	570	1.7	1.8	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	67,450	34,645	32,805	98.3	98.2	98.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,340	910	425	2.0	2.6	1.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	360	335	20	0.5	0.9	0.1
22 Utilities	485	415	75	0.7	1.2	0.2
23 Construction	6,865	6,195	665	10.0	17.6	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	2,465	2,020	450	3.6	5.7	1.3
41 Wholesale trade	830	600	230	1.2	1.7	0.7
44-45 Retail trade	6,145	3,140	3,000	9.0	8.9	9.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,375	1,730	645	3.5	4.9	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	795	500	295	1.2	1.4	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	1,450	675	770	2.1	1.9	2.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	850	525	320	1.2	1.5	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,655	2,075	1,575	5.3	5.9	4.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,355	1,590	765	3.4	4.5	2.3
61 Educational services	5,245	1,510	3,735	7.6	4.3	11.2
62 Health care and social assistance	8,400	1,480	6,915	12.2	4.2	20.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,365	780	585	2.0	2.2	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	2,860	1,300	1,565	4.2	3.7	4.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,610	1,220	1,390	3.8	3.5	4.2
91 Public administration	16,980	7,610	9,370	24.7	21.6	28.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	73,380	37,615	35,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	17,650	10,030	7,620	24.1	26.7	21.3
French	25,465	12,875	12,595	34.7	34.2	35.2
Non-official language	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	29,510	14,370	15,140	40.2	38.2	42.3
English and non-official language(s)	210	95	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	400	175	225	0.5	0.5	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	73,380	37,615	35,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	67,570	34,880	32,690	92.1	92.7	91.4
Official languages	67,410	34,820	32,590	91.9	92.6	91.1
English	29,760	16,050	13,710	40.6	42.7	38.3
French	37,650	18,770	18,880	51.3	49.9	52.8
Non-official languages	160	65	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	130	50	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,810	2,735	3,080	7.9	7.3	8.6
English and French	5,715	2,685	3,030	7.8	7.1	8.5
English and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	73,380	37,615	35,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	48,890	25,635	23,260	66.6	68.2	65.0
English	12,105	5,865	6,240	16.5	15.6	17.4
French	11,860	5,870	5,990	16.2	15.6	16.7
Non-official language	240	110	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	210	105	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	115	45	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	125	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	63,415	32,465	30,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	20,100	8,800	11,305	31.7	27.1	36.5
Worked outside Canada	135	95	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	8,145	6,740	1,405	12.8	20.8	4.5
Usual place of work	35,025	16,830	18,195	55.2	51.8	58.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	35,025	16,830	18,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,775	6,120	7,655	39.3	36.4	42.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,505	1,920	2,590	12.9	11.4	14.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,900	3,885	4,020	22.6	23.1	22.1
Commute to a different province or territory	8,835	4,910	3,930	25.2	29.2	21.6
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	43,170	23,575	19,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	38,660	21,490	17,170	89.6	91.2	87.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	35,915	20,290	15,625	83.2	86.1	79.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,745	1,200	1,545	6.4	5.1	7.9
Public transit	2,050	810	1,245	4.7	3.4	6.4
Walked	1,240	610	630	2.9	2.6	3.2
Bicycle	225	140	85	0.5	0.6	0.4
Other method	995	525	470	2.3	2.2	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	43,170	23,575	19,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	10,630	4,985	5,645	24.6	21.1	28.8
15 to 29 minutes	14,215	7,250	6,970	32.9	30.8	35.6
30 to 44 minutes	10,280	5,920	4,355	23.8	25.1	22.2
45 to 59 minutes	3,810	2,390	1,415	8.8	10.1	7.2
60 minutes and over	4,235	3,020	1,215	9.8	12.8	6.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	43,170	23,575	19,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,215	3,465	750	9.8	14.7	3.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,390	6,005	3,390	21.8	25.5	17.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,250	6,400	6,850	30.7	27.1	34.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,840	3,355	4,485	18.2	14.2	22.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,460	1,580	1,880	8.0	6.7	9.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,010	2,765	2,240	11.6	11.7	11.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	30,025	15,340	14,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,950	5,095	4,855	33.1	33.2	33.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,075	10,240	9,835	66.9	66.8	67.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	22,035	11,200	10,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,365	3,800	3,565	33.4	33.9	32.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5,195	2,730	2,470	23.6	24.4	22.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,170	1,070	1,095	9.8	9.6	10.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,665	7,400	7,265	66.6	66.1	67.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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