Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Pontiac--Kitigan ZibiMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	111,140	55,210	55,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21,545	10,930	10,615	19.4	19.8	19.0
0 to 4 years	6,370	3,275	3,095	5.7	5.9	5.5
5 to 9 years	7,580	3,825	3,755	6.8	6.9	6.7
10 to 14 years	7,600	3,830	3,765	6.8	6.9	6.7
15 to 64 years	71,750	35,385	36,370	64.6	64.1	65.0
15 to 19 years	5,995	3,140	2,855	5.4	5.7	5.1
20 to 24 years	5,330	2,670	2,660	4.8	4.8	4.8
25 to 29 years	6,070	2,925	3,145	5.5	5.3	5.6
30 to 34 years	6,940	3,215	3,725	6.2	5.8	6.7
35 to 39 years	7,735	3,620	4,110	7.0	6.6	7.3
40 to 44 years	8,125	3,985	4,140	7.3	7.2	7.4
45 to 49 years	7,630	3,835	3,795	6.9	6.9	6.8
50 to 54 years	7,585	3,840	3,750	6.8	7.0	6.7
55 to 59 years	8,285	4,125	4,160	7.5	7.5	7.4
60 to 64 years	8,055	4,020	4,035	7.2	7.3	7.2
65 years and over	17,845	8,895	8,950	16.1	16.1	16.0
65 to 69 years	6,655	3,390	3,265	6.0	6.1	5.8
70 to 74 years	4,915	2,525	2,385	4.4	4.6	4.3
75 to 79 years	3,255	1,630	1,625	2.9	3.0	2.9
80 to 84 years	1,730	860	870	1.6	1.6	1.6
85 years and over	1,295	495	800	1.2	0.9	1.4
85 to 89 years	815	345	465	0.7	0.6	0.8
90 to 94 years	400	115	280	0.4	0.2	0.5
95 to 99 years	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.4	19.8	19.0	19.4	19.8	19.0
15 to 64 years	64.6	64.1	65.0	64.6	64.1	65.0
65 years and over	16.1	16.1	16.0	16.1	16.1	16.0
85 years and over	1.2	0.9	1.4	1.2	0.9	1.4
Average age of the population	40.3	40.1	40.4	40.3	40.1	40.4
Median age of the population	41.2	41.2	40.8	41.2	41.2	40.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	46,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	30,845	...	...	66.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,470	...	...	7.5	...	...
Row house	1,735	...	...	3.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,155	...	...	2.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,440	...	...	18.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	390	...	...	0.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	180	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	46,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,695	...	...	29.5	...	...
2 persons	16,045	...	...	34.6	...	...
3 persons	6,685	...	...	14.4	...	...
4 persons	6,600	...	...	14.2	...	...
5 or more persons	3,340	...	...	7.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	110,385	54,965	55,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	89,595	44,280	45,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	54,370	27,115	27,255	60.7	61.2	60.1
Married	35,840	17,875	17,960	40.0	40.4	39.6
Living common-law	18,530	9,240	9,295	20.7	20.9	20.5
Living common law - Never married	14,800	7,320	7,480	16.5	16.5	16.5
Living common law - Separated	330	190	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	3,065	1,585	1,480	3.4	3.6	3.3
Living common law - Widowed	335	150	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	35,230	17,165	18,060	39.3	38.8	39.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,845	12,730	11,120	26.6	28.7	24.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,700	835	865	1.9	1.9	1.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,590	2,495	3,090	6.2	5.6	6.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,090	1,100	2,995	4.6	2.5	6.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	31,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,265	...	...	51.1	...	...
3 persons	6,410	...	...	20.1	...	...
4 persons	6,430	...	...	20.2	...	...
5 or more persons	2,715	...	...	8.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	31,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	26,800	...	...	84.2	...	...
Married couples	17,540	...	...	55.1	...	...
With children⁶	8,820	...	...	27.7	...	...
Without children	8,720	...	...	27.4	...	...
Common-law couples	9,260	...	...	29.1	...	...
With children⁶	4,705	...	...	14.8	...	...
Without children	4,560	...	...	14.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,020	...	...	15.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,625	...	...	11.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,400	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	110,385	54,965	55,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	91,940	45,760	46,180	83.3	83.3	83.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	53,610	26,740	26,865	48.6	48.6	48.5
Parents in one-parent families	5,020	1,395	3,625	4.5	2.5	6.5
Children⁶	33,315	17,625	15,695	30.2	32.1	28.3
In a two-parent family	25,595	13,420	12,175	23.2	24.4	22.0
In a one-parent family	7,720	4,205	3,520	7.0	7.7	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,440	9,200	9,235	16.7	16.7	16.7
Living alone	13,695	6,865	6,830	12.4	12.5	12.3
Living with other relatives⁷	2,360	1,040	1,320	2.1	1.9	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	2,385	1,290	1,090	2.2	2.3	2.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	46,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	29,330	...	...	63.3	...	...
Couple-family households	25,105	...	...	54.2	...	...
With children⁶	12,700	...	...	27.4	...	...
Without children	12,400	...	...	26.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,220	...	...	9.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	790	...	...	1.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	165	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,030	...	...	2.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,340	...	...	2.9	...	...
One-person households	13,695	...	...	29.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	88,865	44,045	44,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,220	42,675	43,545	97.0	96.9	97.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200	49,600	45,200	47,200	49,600	45,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,275	42,705	43,570	97.1	97.0	97.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	42,000	39,600	40,800	42,000	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,640	38,760	38,880	87.4	88.0	86.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	46,400	38,800	42,400	46,400	38,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,290	32,490	31,795	72.3	73.8	70.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	48,000	42,000	44,800	48,000	42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,320	31,205	36,115	75.8	70.8	80.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,500	10,100	10,900	10,500	10,100	10,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,420	5,025	4,405	10.6	11.4	9.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,960	6,000	6,000	5,960	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,865	11,195	9,670	23.5	25.4	21.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	6,500	8,000	7,500	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	88,835	43,980	44,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,115	42,670	43,445	96.9	97.0	96.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,550	60,050	53,050	56,550	60,050	53,050
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,180	42,705	43,475	97.0	97.1	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,640	47,440	43,840	45,640	47,440	43,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,495	38,780	38,720	87.2	88.2	86.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,450	56,950	47,920	52,450	56,950	47,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,275	32,620	31,655	72.4	74.2	70.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,800	56,050	49,480	52,800	56,050	49,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,340	31,470	35,870	75.8	71.6	80.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,950	11,290	12,530	11,950	11,290	12,530
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,595	5,075	4,515	10.8	11.5	10.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,710	6,470	9,100	7,710	6,470	9,100
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,695	11,290	9,405	23.3	25.7	21.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,240	8,080	8,440	8,240	8,080	8,440
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	88,835	43,980	44,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	34,010	17,310	16,695	38.3	39.4	37.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,500	72,500	67,000	69,500	72,500	67,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,100	80,200	71,800	76,100	80,200	71,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,005	11,550	11,460	25.9	26.3	25.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	20,800	17,800	19,200	20,800	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,200	31,200	27,120	29,200	31,200	27,120
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.4	86.2	80.6	83.4	86.2	80.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.8	71.4	68.0	69.8	71.4	68.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.5	13.9	19.5	16.5	13.9	19.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	1.8	1.5	1.3	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.1	4.0	4.2	4.1	4.0	4.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.5	3.6	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	88,865	44,045	44,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,640	1,365	1,270	3.0	3.1	2.8
With total income	86,220	42,675	43,545	97.0	96.9	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,145	2,925	3,220	7.1	6.9	7.4
$10,000 to $19,999	9,520	4,380	5,135	11.0	10.3	11.8
$20,000 to $29,999	11,835	5,705	6,125	13.7	13.4	14.1
$30,000 to $39,999	9,265	4,360	4,905	10.7	10.2	11.3
$40,000 to $49,999	8,900	4,205	4,695	10.3	9.9	10.8
$50,000 to $59,999	8,015	3,925	4,090	9.3	9.2	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	7,230	3,580	3,655	8.4	8.4	8.4
$70,000 to $79,999	5,815	2,945	2,870	6.7	6.9	6.6
$80,000 to $89,999	4,845	2,390	2,455	5.6	5.6	5.6
$90,000 to $99,999	3,685	1,825	1,865	4.3	4.3	4.3
$100,000 and over	10,975	6,435	4,535	12.7	15.1	10.4
$100,000 to $149,999	8,265	4,690	3,575	9.6	11.0	8.2
$150,000 and over	2,710	1,745	965	3.1	4.1	2.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	88,865	44,045	44,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,590	1,340	1,250	2.9	3.0	2.8
With after-tax income	86,275	42,705	43,570	97.1	96.9	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,590	3,095	3,495	7.6	7.3	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	10,070	4,675	5,395	11.7	10.9	12.4
$20,000 to $29,999	13,760	6,645	7,115	15.9	15.6	16.3
$30,000 to $39,999	11,665	5,660	6,000	13.5	13.3	13.8
$40,000 to $49,999	11,435	5,580	5,855	13.3	13.1	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	9,775	4,920	4,855	11.3	11.5	11.1
$60,000 to $69,999	7,485	3,695	3,785	8.7	8.7	8.7
$70,000 to $79,999	5,370	2,660	2,710	6.2	6.2	6.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,850	2,035	1,815	4.5	4.8	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,395	1,335	1,060	2.8	3.1	2.4
$100,000 and over	3,885	2,400	1,485	4.5	5.6	3.4
$100,000 to $124,999	2,355	1,365	990	2.7	3.2	2.3
$125,000 and over	1,525	1,035	490	1.8	2.4	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	88,865	44,045	44,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	24,570	11,550	13,020	27.7	26.2	29.1
With employment income	64,290	32,495	31,795	72.3	73.8	71.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,905	3,950	3,960	12.3	12.2	12.4
$5,000 to $9,999	4,545	2,075	2,470	7.1	6.4	7.8
$10,000 to $19,999	6,650	3,165	3,485	10.4	9.7	11.0
$20,000 to $29,999	5,645	2,705	2,940	8.8	8.3	9.3
$30,000 to $39,999	4,945	2,390	2,560	7.7	7.4	8.0
$40,000 to $49,999	5,100	2,470	2,625	7.9	7.6	8.3
$50,000 to $59,999	5,145	2,600	2,545	8.0	8.0	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	5,035	2,465	2,570	7.8	7.6	8.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,010	2,065	1,945	6.2	6.3	6.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,880	1,945	1,935	6.0	6.0	6.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,875	1,480	1,395	4.5	4.6	4.4
$100,000 and over	8,550	5,185	3,365	13.3	16.0	10.6
$100,000 to $124,999	4,745	2,770	1,975	7.4	8.5	6.2
$125,000 and over	3,805	2,415	1,385	5.9	7.4	4.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	88,865	44,045	44,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,480	41,760	42,720	95.1	94.8	95.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	48,000	42,000	44,800	48,000	42,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,535	41,775	42,760	95.1	94.8	95.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	40,800	37,200	38,800	40,800	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,410	38,160	38,250	86.0	86.6	85.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	46,800	38,400	42,400	46,800	38,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,250	32,445	31,800	72.3	73.7	71.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	47,600	40,400	44,000	47,600	40,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,885	28,025	33,860	69.6	63.6	75.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,450	6,320	8,200	7,450	6,320	8,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,075	4,865	4,205	10.2	11.0	9.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,560	6,500	6,000	5,560	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	88,835	43,980	44,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,420	41,765	42,655	95.0	95.0	95.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,750	59,500	50,040	54,750	59,500	50,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,475	41,785	42,695	95.1	95.0	95.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,960	46,720	41,240	43,960	46,720	41,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,395	38,265	38,130	86.0	87.0	85.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,900	58,600	47,240	52,900	58,600	47,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,330	32,575	31,755	72.4	74.1	70.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,350	56,400	48,200	52,350	56,400	48,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,445	27,945	33,505	69.2	63.5	74.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,410	8,710	9,990	9,410	8,710	9,990
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,185	4,920	4,260	10.3	11.2	9.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,250	6,800	9,920	8,250	6,800	9,920
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	88,835	43,980	44,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,925	17,220	16,705	38.2	39.2	37.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,500	69,000	62,800	65,500	69,000	62,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,400	76,200	66,400	71,400	76,200	66,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,545	10,905	10,635	24.3	24.8	23.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	25,600	21,600	23,600	25,600	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,520	35,560	31,400	33,520	35,560	31,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.4	90.2	84.4	87.4	90.2	84.4
Employment income (%)	72.8	73.8	71.6	72.8	73.8	71.6
Government transfers (%)	12.5	9.8	15.7	12.5	9.8	15.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.4	2.0	1.6	1.4	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	46,355	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,695	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,800	...	...	44,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,660	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	46,340	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	105,100	...	...	105,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,900	...	...	84,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,620	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,250	...	...	53,250	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,400	...	...	43,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,720	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,600	...	...	126,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,100	...	...	102,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	46,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	370	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	245	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	595	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	820	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,950	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,445	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,410	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,600	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,635	...	...	3.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,575	...	...	3.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,190	...	...	6.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,270	...	...	7.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,960	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,820	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,475	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,000	...	...	43.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,625	...	...	12.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,225	...	...	9.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,460	...	...	11.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,690	...	...	10.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	46,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	420	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	255	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	625	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	875	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,130	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,670	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,650	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,030	...	...	4.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,055	...	...	4.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,020	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,130	...	...	8.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,845	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,495	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,235	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,990	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,930	...	...	32.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,610	...	...	12.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,905	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,415	...	...	11.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,820	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,515	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,600	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...	148,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,805	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,080	8,160	7,920	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	43,200	42,400	42,800	43,200	42,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	37,600	37,600	37,600	37,600	37,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,865	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,100	...	...	127,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,400	...	...	102,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,490	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,900	...	...	109,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,800	...	...	87,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,595	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	160,400	...	...	160,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,200	...	...	128,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,840	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,400	...	...	82,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	16,035	8,135	7,900	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,000	51,800	50,200	51,000	51,800	50,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,840	41,840	41,760	41,840	41,840	41,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	110,385	54,965	55,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	25,325	12,905	12,425	22.9	23.5	22.4
0 to 5 years	7,805	3,995	3,815	7.1	7.3	6.9
18 to 64 years	67,735	33,290	34,440	61.4	60.6	62.1
65 years and over	17,325	8,770	8,555	15.7	16.0	15.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,980	5,485	5,495	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,105	1,110	1,000	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	685	365	325	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,680	2,835	2,840	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,195	1,540	1,655	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.0	10.0	9.9	10.0	10.0	9.9
0 to 17 years (%)	8.3	8.6	8.0	8.3	8.6	8.0
0 to 5 years (%)	8.8	9.1	8.5	8.8	9.1	8.5
18 to 64 years (%)	8.4	8.5	8.3	8.4	8.5	8.3
65 years and over (%)	18.4	17.6	19.4	18.4	17.6	19.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	109,185	54,405	54,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	25,045	12,755	12,290	22.9	23.4	22.4
0 to 5 years	7,720	3,955	3,765	7.1	7.3	6.9
18 to 64 years	67,040	32,985	34,050	61.4	60.6	62.2
65 years and over	17,100	8,665	8,430	15.7	15.9	15.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,350	1,705	1,650	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	590	290	295	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	185	85	95	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,415	1,260	1,160	...	...	...
65 years and over	345	160	190	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.4
0 to 5 years (%)	2.4	2.2	2.6	2.4	2.2	2.6
18 to 64 years (%)	3.6	3.8	3.4	3.6	3.8	3.4
65 years and over (%)	2.0	1.8	2.2	2.0	1.8	2.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	110,380	54,965	55,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	51,235	25,095	26,140	46.4	45.7	47.2
In bottom decile	9,390	4,750	4,645	8.5	8.6	8.4
In second decile	9,610	4,650	4,960	8.7	8.5	8.9
In third decile	10,060	4,880	5,180	9.1	8.9	9.3
In fourth decile	10,885	5,275	5,610	9.9	9.6	10.1
In fifth decile	11,290	5,545	5,745	10.2	10.1	10.4
In top half of the distribution	59,150	29,870	29,280	53.6	54.3	52.8
In sixth decile	11,785	5,975	5,810	10.7	10.9	10.5
In seventh decile	12,315	6,200	6,115	11.2	11.3	11.0
In eighth decile	12,905	6,485	6,420	11.7	11.8	11.6
In ninth decile	12,820	6,455	6,360	11.6	11.7	11.5
In top decile	9,330	4,760	4,575	8.5	8.7	8.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	110,380	...	...	110,380	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.310	...	...	0.310	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.415	...	...	0.415	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.268	...	...	0.268	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	110,625	55,065	55,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	18,470	9,670	8,800	16.7	17.6	15.8
French only	24,735	11,715	13,020	22.4	21.3	23.4
English and French	66,985	33,490	33,490	60.6	60.8	60.3
Neither English nor French	435	190	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	110,625	55,065	55,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	33,435	16,770	16,665	30.2	30.5	30.0
French	73,185	36,270	36,910	66.2	65.9	66.4
English and French	3,600	1,850	1,755	3.3	3.4	3.2
Neither English nor French	405	180	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	110,625	55,065	55,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	105,185	52,325	52,860	95.1	95.0	95.1
Official languages	95,830	47,840	47,990	86.6	86.9	86.4
English	27,830	14,005	13,820	25.2	25.4	24.9
French	68,000	33,830	34,170	61.5	61.4	61.5
Non-official languages	9,355	4,490	4,865	8.5	8.2	8.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	200	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,145	4,395	4,750	8.3	8.0	8.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,080	1,055	1,025	1.9	1.9	1.8
Berber languages	150	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	130	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	130	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,775	905	870	1.6	1.6	1.6
Amharic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,735	885	855	1.6	1.6	1.5
Aramaic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	175	70	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	265	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Haitian Creole	210	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,710	2,250	2,455	4.3	4.1	4.4
Albanian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,175	560	615	1.1	1.0	1.1
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,155	550	605	1.0	1.0	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	390	175	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	385	205	185	0.3	0.4	0.3
Bosnian	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	210	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	430	190	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	295	130	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
German	260	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	390	205	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	240	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	160	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,625	1,255	1,375	2.4	2.3	2.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	590	290	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	415	200	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	1,490	705	790	1.3	1.3	1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	995	480	515	0.9	0.9	0.9
Akan (Twi)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	215	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lingala	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	185	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Shona	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	505	240	265	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	505	235	265	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	400	195	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,440	2,745	2,695	4.9	5.0	4.9
English and French	3,575	1,835	1,740	3.2	3.3	3.1
English and non-official language(s)	565	285	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	880	420	465	0.8	0.8	0.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	325	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	110,625	55,065	55,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	28,115	14,275	13,840	25.4	25.9	24.9
French	58,695	29,225	29,470	53.1	53.1	53.0
Non-official language	2,440	1,205	1,230	2.2	2.2	2.2
Indigenous³⁹	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,395	1,190	1,205	2.2	2.2	2.2
English and French	13,410	6,530	6,880	12.1	11.9	12.4
English and non-official language(s)	2,245	1,105	1,135	2.0	2.0	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	2,710	1,250	1,460	2.4	2.3	2.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,890	1,415	1,480	2.6	2.6	2.7
Multiple non-official languages	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	110,625	55,065	55,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	105,205	52,465	52,745	95.1	95.3	94.9
Official languages	100,560	50,175	50,380	90.9	91.1	90.7
English	34,020	17,110	16,915	30.8	31.1	30.4
French	66,540	33,070	33,470	60.1	60.1	60.2
Non-official languages	4,650	2,285	2,365	4.2	4.1	4.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,585	2,255	2,330	4.1	4.1	4.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,140	565	575	1.0	1.0	1.0
Berber languages	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	995	490	505	0.9	0.9	0.9
Amharic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	980	485	495	0.9	0.9	0.9
Aramaic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,480	1,215	1,260	2.2	2.2	2.3
Albanian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	675	345	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	670	345	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	275	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	260	145	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bosnian	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	160	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,520	730	785	1.4	1.3	1.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	255	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	245	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	975	455	520	0.9	0.8	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	285	155	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	350	175	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	345	175	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	310	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,420	2,605	2,810	4.9	4.7	5.1
English and French	3,550	1,730	1,815	3.2	3.1	3.3
English and non-official language(s)	620	300	320	0.6	0.5	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	845	380	465	0.8	0.7	0.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	360	180	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	110,625	55,065	55,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	93,825	46,915	46,915	84.8	85.2	84.4
English	6,735	3,315	3,420	6.1	6.0	6.2
French	5,190	2,460	2,730	4.7	4.5	4.9
Non-official language	2,710	1,320	1,390	2.4	2.4	2.5
Indigenous³⁹	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	2,595	1,265	1,325	2.3	2.3	2.4
English and French	620	315	305	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	715	350	365	0.6	0.6	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	565	265	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	230	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	110,350	54,910	55,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	109,860	54,685	55,180	99.6	99.6	99.5
English	85,220	43,130	42,090	77.2	78.5	75.9
French	91,590	45,050	46,540	83.0	82.0	83.9
Non-official languages	17,450	8,235	9,215	15.8	15.0	16.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	475	215	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Algonquian languages	445	190	250	0.4	0.3	0.5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	325	135	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	315	130	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,995	8,040	8,955	15.4	14.6	16.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,350	1,720	1,630	3.0	3.1	2.9
Berber languages	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	100	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hausa	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	80	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	205	85	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	200	80	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,010	1,555	1,455	2.7	2.8	2.6
Amharic	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,945	1,520	1,430	2.7	2.8	2.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	415	160	255	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	245	90	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	810	345	465	0.7	0.6	0.8
Haitian Creole	710	300	415	0.6	0.5	0.7
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,530	4,485	5,045	8.6	8.2	9.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,670	815	855	1.5	1.5	1.5
Baltic languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,645	800	845	1.5	1.5	1.5
Belarusian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czech	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	225	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	740	365	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	555	275	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bosnian	165	85	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Croatian	265	140	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Serbian	380	195	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovak	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	190	75	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	970	490	485	0.9	0.9	0.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	780	410	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
German	760	400	360	0.7	0.7	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	170	60	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Afrikaans	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	130	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	580	300	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	275	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	40	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	315	175	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	300	165	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dari	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	215	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,695	3,085	3,615	6.1	5.6	6.5
Catalan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	580	275	310	0.5	0.5	0.6
Portuguese	895	455	440	0.8	0.8	0.8
Romanian	705	330	375	0.6	0.6	0.7
Spanish	4,965	2,230	2,735	4.5	4.1	4.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	2,255	1,095	1,160	2.0	2.0	2.1
Akan (Twi)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	325	160	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lingala	400	215	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Luba-Kasai	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	355	170	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	370	200	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Wojenaka	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wolof	265	115	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Yoruba	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	520	275	240	0.5	0.5	0.4
Nilo-Saharan languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	50	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	700	325	375	0.6	0.6	0.7
Chinese languages	700	325	375	0.6	0.6	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	610	275	335	0.6	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	110,350	54,905	55,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	9,285	4,655	4,630	8.4	8.5	8.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	8,910	4,465	4,445	8.1	8.1	8.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,080	1,990	2,090	3.7	3.6	3.8
Métis	4,725	2,425	2,300	4.3	4.4	4.1
Inuk (Inuit)	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	165	95	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	101,060	50,250	50,810	91.6	91.5	91.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	110,350	54,905	55,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,695	1,335	1,360	2.4	2.4	2.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	107,650	53,570	54,085	97.6	97.6	97.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	46,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	34,790	...	...	75.1	...	...
Renter	11,445	...	...	24.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	110	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	46,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,890	...	...	12.7	...	...
Not condominium	40,455	...	...	87.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	46,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	4,300	...	...	9.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,275	...	...	28.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,315	...	...	39.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,385	...	...	22.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	46,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,940	...	...	23.6	...	...
5 rooms	8,335	...	...	18.0	...	...
6 rooms	7,685	...	...	16.6	...	...
7 rooms	6,050	...	...	13.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,340	...	...	28.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	46,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	45,870	...	...	99.0	...	...
More than one person per room	470	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	46,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	44,930	...	...	97.0	...	...
Not suitable	1,415	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	46,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,750	...	...	14.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,060	...	...	19.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,100	...	...	11.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,620	...	...	12.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,445	...	...	7.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,990	...	...	12.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,680	...	...	10.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,700	...	...	12.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	46,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	43,100	...	...	93.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,245	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	46,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	23,400	...	...	50.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	21,890	...	...	47.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,050	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	46,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,125	...	...	2.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,390	...	...	13.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,060	...	...	19.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,815	...	...	19.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,635	...	...	20.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,290	...	...	15.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,290	...	...	7.1	...	...
85 years and over	745	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	45,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	39,680	...	...	87.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,520	...	...	12.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,940	...	...	10.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	46,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,490	...	...	20.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,970	...	...	10.7	...	...
Not suitable only	1,145	...	...	2.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,710	...	...	5.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	405	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	115	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	36,850	...	...	79.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	44,620	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,460	...	...	5.5	...	...
Not in core need	42,160	...	...	94.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,005	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.6	...	...	62.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.9	...	...	8.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,080	...	...	1,080	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,218	...	...	1,218	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	368,000	...	...	368,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,360	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.5	...	...	7.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	22.2	...	...	22.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.3	...	...	10.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	980	...	...	980	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,002	...	...	1,002	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	105	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	9.5	...	...	9.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	332	...	...	332	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	395	...	...	395	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	110,350	54,910	55,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	7,375	3,670	3,710	6.7	6.7	6.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	7,220	3,600	3,625	6.5	6.6	6.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	5,395	2,780	2,615	4.9	5.1	4.7
Métis single ancestry	1,760	785	975	1.6	1.4	1.8
Inuit single ancestry	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	8,445	4,025	4,415	7.7	7.3	8.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	8,285	3,960	4,320	7.5	7.2	7.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,575	3,140	3,435	6.0	5.7	6.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,625	790	840	1.5	1.4	1.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	94,530	47,210	47,320	85.7	86.0	85.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	110,350	54,905	55,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	106,000	52,720	53,285	96.1	96.0	96.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	24,495	12,335	12,150	22.2	22.5	21.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	81,515	40,380	41,130	73.9	73.5	74.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,345	2,185	2,160	3.9	4.0	3.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	110,350	54,905	55,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	96,615	48,180	48,435	87.6	87.8	87.4
Immigrants⁸¹	12,705	6,160	6,540	11.5	11.2	11.8
Before 1980	1,145	610	535	1.0	1.1	1.0
1980 to 1990	1,000	490	510	0.9	0.9	0.9
1991 to 2000	1,850	910	940	1.7	1.7	1.7
2001 to 2010	3,700	1,750	1,940	3.4	3.2	3.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,010	2,405	2,605	4.5	4.4	4.7
2011 to 2015	2,485	1,165	1,320	2.3	2.1	2.4
2016 to 2021	2,525	1,240	1,285	2.3	2.3	2.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,030	560	465	0.9	1.0	0.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	12,705	6,160	6,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,460	670	785	11.5	10.9	12.0
5 to 14 years	2,440	1,240	1,195	19.2	20.1	18.3
15 to 24 years	1,830	845	985	14.4	13.7	15.1
25 to 44 years	6,265	3,085	3,185	49.3	50.1	48.7
45 years and over	710	325	390	5.6	5.3	6.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	12,705	6,160	6,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,385	1,055	1,325	18.8	17.1	20.3
Brazil	110	50	65	0.9	0.8	1.0
Colombia	460	185	275	3.6	3.0	4.2
El Salvador	90	40	50	0.7	0.6	0.8
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	520	220	300	4.1	3.6	4.6
Jamaica	55	25	30	0.4	0.4	0.5
Mexico	165	60	110	1.3	1.0	1.7
Peru	105	55	60	0.8	0.9	0.9
Trinidad and Tobago	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
United States of America	435	205	230	3.4	3.3	3.5
Other places of birth in Americas	420	215	210	3.3	3.5	3.2
Europe	3,520	1,810	1,710	27.7	29.4	26.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	275	135	140	2.2	2.2	2.1
Croatia	70	45	30	0.6	0.7	0.5
France	645	365	275	5.1	5.9	4.2
Germany	215	115	100	1.7	1.9	1.5
Greece	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Hungary	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italy	50	25	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
Netherlands	50	20	30	0.4	0.3	0.5
Poland	100	30	70	0.8	0.5	1.1
Portugal	235	140	100	1.8	2.3	1.5
Romania	495	235	265	3.9	3.8	4.1
Russian Federation	145	55	85	1.1	0.9	1.3
Serbia⁸⁶	25	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	195	80	110	1.5	1.3	1.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	470	250	220	3.7	4.1	3.4
Other places of birth in Europe	525	280	245	4.1	4.5	3.7
Africa	4,555	2,250	2,305	35.9	36.5	35.2
Algeria	360	195	165	2.8	3.2	2.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	355	185	165	2.8	3.0	2.5
Egypt	105	50	50	0.8	0.8	0.8
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Morocco	635	315	315	5.0	5.1	4.8
Nigeria	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somalia	50	25	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other places of birth in Africa	2,985	1,445	1,540	23.5	23.5	23.5
Asia	2,200	1,025	1,175	17.3	16.6	18.0
Afghanistan	50	30	25	0.4	0.5	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	160	70	90	1.3	1.1	1.4
Iraq	60	35	25	0.5	0.6	0.4
Lebanon	385	180	205	3.0	2.9	3.1
Syria⁸⁹	110	65	45	0.9	1.1	0.7
Turkey	60	35	25	0.5	0.6	0.4
China⁹⁰	390	165	220	3.1	2.7	3.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	75	35	40	0.6	0.6	0.6
Taiwan	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	300	135	160	2.4	2.2	2.4
Viet Nam	45	20	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
Bangladesh	40	35	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
India	85	35	50	0.7	0.6	0.8
Pakistan	35	10	30	0.3	0.2	0.5
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	335	135	200	2.6	2.2	3.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	50	25	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,525	1,235	1,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	285	155	130	11.3	12.6	10.1
Brazil	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Colombia	50	20	35	2.0	1.6	2.7
Haiti	70	50	20	2.8	4.0	1.6
Jamaica	15	10	0	0.6	0.8	0.0
Mexico	30	10	15	1.2	0.8	1.2
United States of America	35	15	20	1.4	1.2	1.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	10	0	0.6	0.8	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	60	40	20	2.4	3.2	1.6
Europe	460	245	215	18.2	19.8	16.7
France	150	95	55	5.9	7.7	4.3
Germany	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	10	0.6	0.8	0.8
Ukraine	80	35	40	3.2	2.8	3.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	20	25	1.8	1.6	1.9
Other places of birth in Europe	160	85	75	6.3	6.9	5.8
Africa	1,135	515	620	45.0	41.7	48.2
Algeria	60	30	25	2.4	2.4	1.9
Burundi	115	55	60	4.6	4.5	4.7
Cameroon	145	35	110	5.7	2.8	8.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	60	30	25	2.4	2.4	1.9
Côte d'Ivoire	185	85	100	7.3	6.9	7.8
Egypt	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	90	35	55	3.6	2.8	4.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	65	20	45	2.6	1.6	3.5
Other places of birth in Africa	385	195	185	15.2	15.8	14.4
Asia	630	305	320	25.0	24.7	24.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	30	25	0	1.2	2.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	105	55	50	4.2	4.5	3.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	30	10	20	1.2	0.8	1.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	40	20	25	1.6	1.6	1.9
Lebanon	55	20	35	2.2	1.6	2.7
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	205	110	95	8.1	8.9	7.4
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	80	40	30	3.2	3.2	2.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	35	0	25	1.4	0.0	1.9
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	110,350	54,905	55,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	14,760	7,250	7,505	13.4	13.2	13.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	11,160	5,360	5,795	10.1	9.8	10.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	84,435	42,290	42,145	76.5	77.0	76.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	11,555	5,550	6,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,425	3,290	3,135	55.6	59.3	52.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,865	1,675	1,185	24.8	30.2	19.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,560	1,610	1,950	30.8	29.0	32.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,810	1,170	1,640	24.3	21.1	27.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,220	1,070	1,155	19.2	19.3	19.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	100	30	70	0.9	0.5	1.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	11,555	5,550	6,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	865	400	470	7.5	7.2	7.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	750	390	355	6.5	7.0	5.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	430	225	205	3.7	4.1	3.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	805	430	370	7.0	7.7	6.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	25	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	8,670	4,080	4,585	75.0	73.5	76.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	110,350	54,905	55,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	14,430	6,890	7,540	13.1	12.5	13.6
South Asian	485	245	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese	835	365	470	0.8	0.7	0.8
Black	7,230	3,490	3,740	6.6	6.4	6.7
Filipino	380	180	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Arab	2,490	1,260	1,230	2.3	2.3	2.2
Latin American	1,465	645	825	1.3	1.2	1.5
Southeast Asian	380	160	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
West Asian	315	165	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	455	195	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	95,915	48,015	47,905	86.9	87.5	86.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	110,350	54,905	55,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	26,340	13,025	13,315	23.9	23.7	24.0
English	8,065	4,165	3,905	7.3	7.6	7.0
Irish	15,810	7,645	8,165	14.3	13.9	14.7
Scottish	8,525	4,045	4,480	7.7	7.4	8.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	27,315	13,640	13,675	24.8	24.8	24.7
German	4,830	2,440	2,390	4.4	4.4	4.3
Chinese	1,020	470	550	0.9	0.9	1.0
Italian	1,940	960	980	1.8	1.7	1.8
Indian (India)	510	230	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Ukrainian	980	450	535	0.9	0.8	1.0
Dutch	1,080	495	580	1.0	0.9	1.0
Polish	1,680	745	930	1.5	1.4	1.7
Québécois	7,550	3,840	3,710	6.8	7.0	6.7
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,460	680	775	1.3	1.2	1.4
Filipino	410	200	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
French Canadian	7,065	3,745	3,320	6.4	6.8	6.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,520	1,185	1,340	2.3	2.2	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,400	2,175	2,225	4.0	4.0	4.0
Métis	3,680	1,705	1,970	3.3	3.1	3.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,800	910	885	1.6	1.7	1.6
Russian	575	260	315	0.5	0.5	0.6
Norwegian	270	125	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Welsh	680	310	370	0.6	0.6	0.7
Portuguese	1,120	605	515	1.0	1.1	0.9
American	690	345	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Spanish	990	470	520	0.9	0.9	0.9
Swedish	280	155	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hungarian	340	155	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Acadian	1,040	520	520	0.9	0.9	0.9
Pakistani	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,455	770	680	1.3	1.4	1.2
Jewish	355	185	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	230	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	860	430	425	0.8	0.8	0.8
Greek	265	155	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	110	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	360	205	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Korean	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	790	360	420	0.7	0.7	0.8
Lebanese	1,080	555	530	1.0	1.0	1.0
Iranian	270	145	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	525	250	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Danish	250	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,840	885	950	1.7	1.6	1.7
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	325	195	135	0.3	0.4	0.2
Belgian	825	420	405	0.7	0.8	0.7
Haitian	1,025	475	550	0.9	0.9	1.0
Hindu	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mexican	305	160	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Swiss	340	190	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	170	70	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Sri Lankan	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	195	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	610	260	350	0.6	0.5	0.6
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	245	155	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	275	120	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Tamil	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	95	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	470	190	285	0.4	0.3	0.5
Moroccan	720	380	335	0.7	0.7	0.6
Czech	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	370	215	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Serbian	230	135	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	380	200	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Persian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	155	55	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	175	65	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bangladeshi	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algerian	355	165	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Brazilian	195	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Taiwanese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	185	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
African Caribbean	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	110	30	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquin	4,075	2,105	1,975	3.7	3.8	3.6
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Palestinian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	110	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	525	295	230	0.5	0.5	0.4
Nova Scotian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	55	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	175	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Berber	260	145	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	295	100	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	110	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	300	155	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuban	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Venezuelan	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	475	165	310	0.4	0.3	0.6
Guatemalan	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	360	145	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Argentinian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Coptic	50	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	220	85	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealander	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	85	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	315	175	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Norman	155	95	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	370	165	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Saulteaux	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundian	325	140	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	295	140	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Grenadian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	190	70	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	170	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	25	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	160	55	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	245	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	225	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	110,350	54,905	55,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	285	95	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Christian	70,185	34,205	35,980	63.6	62.3	64.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,500	3,140	3,365	5.9	5.7	6.1
Anabaptist	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	1,880	885	1,000	1.7	1.6	1.8
Baptist	420	200	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catholic	53,890	26,465	27,425	48.8	48.2	49.5
Christian Orthodox	1,355	650	700	1.2	1.2	1.3
Jehovah's Witness	390	170	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	435	205	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	180	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	680	300	375	0.6	0.5	0.7
Presbyterian	390	195	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Reformed	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	1,750	805	950	1.6	1.5	1.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,235	1,085	1,145	2.0	2.0	2.1
Hindu	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	260	135	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	4,340	2,190	2,155	3.9	4.0	3.9
Sikh	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	290	115	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	505	180	325	0.5	0.3	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	34,335	17,920	16,415	31.1	32.6	29.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	109,160	54,315	54,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	95,635	47,845	47,785	87.6	88.1	87.1
Movers	13,525	6,465	7,060	12.4	11.9	12.9
Non-migrants	6,850	3,380	3,475	6.3	6.2	6.3
Migrants	6,675	3,090	3,585	6.1	5.7	6.5
Internal migrants	6,170	2,870	3,300	5.7	5.3	6.0
Intraprovincial migrants	3,525	1,690	1,835	3.2	3.1	3.3
Interprovincial migrants	2,640	1,175	1,465	2.4	2.2	2.7
External migrants	510	220	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	103,985	51,620	52,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	62,675	31,745	30,935	60.3	61.5	59.1
Movers	41,310	19,870	21,435	39.7	38.5	40.9
Non-migrants	14,630	6,950	7,680	14.1	13.5	14.7
Migrants	26,680	12,925	13,755	25.7	25.0	26.3
Internal migrants	23,860	11,485	12,375	22.9	22.2	23.6
Intraprovincial migrants	16,665	8,140	8,525	16.0	15.8	16.3
Interprovincial migrants	7,195	3,340	3,855	6.9	6.5	7.4
External migrants	2,820	1,440	1,380	2.7	2.8	2.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	88,835	43,985	44,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	18,660	10,945	7,715	21.0	24.9	17.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	70,175	33,035	37,145	79.0	75.1	82.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,235	29,415	30,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,425	5,440	2,985	14.0	18.5	9.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	51,810	23,975	27,835	86.0	81.5	90.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	88,840	43,980	44,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,580	9,535	7,045	18.7	21.7	15.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,145	9,440	9,705	21.5	21.5	21.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	53,110	25,005	28,105	59.8	56.9	62.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,015	14,510	14,510	32.7	33.0	32.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,675	6,585	4,095	12.0	15.0	9.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,020	3,755	3,270	7.9	8.5	7.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,655	2,830	825	4.1	6.4	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,100	7,145	8,950	18.1	16.2	20.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,240	780	1,465	2.5	1.8	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	24,095	10,495	13,590	27.1	23.9	30.3
Bachelor's degree	14,965	6,120	8,845	16.8	13.9	19.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,810	800	1,010	2.0	1.8	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	380	175	210	0.4	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	6,060	2,950	3,115	6.8	6.7	6.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	875	465	415	1.0	1.1	0.9
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,230	29,415	30,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,070	4,570	2,505	11.7	15.5	8.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,980	5,480	5,500	18.2	18.6	17.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,180	19,365	22,810	70.0	65.8	74.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,660	10,715	10,950	36.0	36.4	35.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,020	4,805	3,210	13.3	16.3	10.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,315	2,720	2,590	8.8	9.2	8.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,700	2,085	620	4.5	7.1	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,975	5,330	6,650	19.9	18.1	21.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,665	575	1,090	2.8	2.0	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,515	8,655	11,865	34.1	29.4	38.5
Bachelor's degree	12,630	5,055	7,565	21.0	17.2	24.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,535	610	920	2.5	2.1	3.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	295	100	195	0.5	0.3	0.6
Master's degree	5,350	2,535	2,815	8.9	8.6	9.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	715	345	365	1.2	1.2	1.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	88,840	43,980	44,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	35,730	18,980	16,750	40.2	43.2	37.3
Education	3,595	890	2,700	4.0	2.0	6.0
13. Education	3,595	890	2,700	4.0	2.0	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,475	665	810	1.7	1.5	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	185	145	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,290	520	770	1.5	1.2	1.7
Humanities	2,815	1,090	1,725	3.2	2.5	3.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	615	145	470	0.7	0.3	1.0
23. English language and literature/letters	295	130	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	980	360	620	1.1	0.8	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	180	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	320	165	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	305	125	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,985	2,755	5,235	9.0	6.3	11.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	140	55	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,010	300	715	1.1	0.7	1.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,010	90	920	1.1	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	1,330	460	865	1.5	1.0	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	215	75	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	1,050	220	830	1.2	0.5	1.9
45. Social sciences	3,235	1,560	1,675	3.6	3.5	3.7
Business, management and public administration	12,360	4,235	8,125	13.9	9.6	18.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,170	335	835	1.3	0.8	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,180	3,895	7,280	12.6	8.9	16.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,810	1,025	785	2.0	2.3	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	650	280	370	0.7	0.6	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	375	230	150	0.4	0.5	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	260	140	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
40. Physical sciences	490	370	120	0.6	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,620	1,795	820	2.9	4.1	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,110	1,600	515	2.4	3.6	1.1
25. Library science	210	20	190	0.2	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	245	150	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,295	8,470	825	10.5	19.3	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	400	240	165	0.5	0.5	0.4
14. Engineering	1,795	1,470	330	2.0	3.3	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,730	1,565	165	1.9	3.6	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,490	2,435	55	2.8	5.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,870	1,810	55	2.1	4.1	0.1
48. Precision production	1,010	950	55	1.1	2.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,475	945	530	1.7	2.1	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	710	390	315	0.8	0.9	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	760	555	210	0.9	1.3	0.5
Health and related fields	6,245	1,150	5,095	7.0	2.6	11.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	455	220	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,645	860	4,785	6.4	2.0	10.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	130	75	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,420	1,975	1,445	3.8	4.5	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,550	440	1,115	1.7	1.0	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	65	60	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,045	795	245	1.2	1.8	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	740	660	80	0.8	1.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	60,235	29,410	30,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,055	10,050	8,005	30.0	34.2	26.0
Education	2,560	535	2,020	4.3	1.8	6.6
13. Education	2,560	535	2,020	4.3	1.8	6.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,155	515	640	1.9	1.8	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	125	100	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,030	415	615	1.7	1.4	2.0
Humanities	2,065	790	1,280	3.4	2.7	4.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	515	135	380	0.9	0.5	1.2
23. English language and literature/letters	225	90	135	0.4	0.3	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	575	210	360	1.0	0.7	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	145	75	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	280	140	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	235	85	150	0.4	0.3	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,540	2,160	4,385	10.9	7.3	14.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	115	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	890	240	650	1.5	0.8	2.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	840	80	760	1.4	0.3	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	1,070	340	730	1.8	1.2	2.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	165	55	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	860	155	700	1.4	0.5	2.3
45. Social sciences	2,600	1,235	1,365	4.3	4.2	4.4
Business, management and public administration	10,270	3,545	6,725	17.0	12.1	21.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	970	275	695	1.6	0.9	2.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,295	3,270	6,025	15.4	11.1	19.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,160	655	510	1.9	2.2	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	535	220	320	0.9	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	195	130	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	360	270	95	0.6	0.9	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,210	1,505	705	3.7	5.1	2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,795	1,355	445	3.0	4.6	1.4
25. Library science	170	20	145	0.3	0.1	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	190	105	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,250	6,500	750	12.0	22.1	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	335	185	150	0.6	0.6	0.5
14. Engineering	1,600	1,300	305	2.7	4.4	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,335	1,200	135	2.2	4.1	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,865	1,810	50	3.1	6.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,360	1,305	55	2.3	4.4	0.2
48. Precision production	745	700	45	1.2	2.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,185	735	455	2.0	2.5	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	545	280	255	0.9	1.0	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	640	445	195	1.1	1.5	0.6
Health and related fields	5,125	905	4,220	8.5	3.1	13.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	395	195	195	0.7	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,620	670	3,950	7.7	2.3	12.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	100	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,645	1,530	1,120	4.4	5.2	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,160	305	855	1.9	1.0	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	55	50	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	835	645	190	1.4	2.2	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	575	515	60	1.0	1.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	60,235	29,410	30,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,055	10,050	8,005	30.0	34.2	26.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	42,175	19,370	22,815	70.0	65.9	74.0
Location of study inside Canada	37,960	17,270	20,685	63.0	58.7	67.1
Same as province or territory of residence	23,125	10,460	12,665	38.4	35.6	41.1
Different than province or territory of residence	14,835	6,810	8,025	24.6	23.2	26.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,220	2,095	2,125	7.0	7.1	6.9
Americas	805	405	400	1.3	1.4	1.3
United States of America	325	195	130	0.5	0.7	0.4
Mexico	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	25	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haiti	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Brazil	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	140	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Peru	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,660	915	745	2.8	3.1	2.4
Belgium	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	555	345	210	0.9	1.2	0.7
Germany	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Poland	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	170	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian Federation	95	40	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ukraine	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	250	145	110	0.4	0.5	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	155	85	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Africa	995	420	570	1.7	1.4	1.8
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	120	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	190	70	120	0.3	0.2	0.4
Tunisia	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Egypt	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	510	200	310	0.8	0.7	1.0
Asia	730	345	390	1.2	1.2	1.3
Iran⁸⁸	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	100	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	135	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	145	55	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	30	15	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oceania	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Australia	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	88,835	43,980	44,855	...	...	...
In the labour force	58,670	29,935	28,735	...	...	...
Employed	54,015	27,410	26,610	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,660	2,525	2,130	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	30,165	14,045	16,120	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.0	68.1	64.1	66.0	68.1	64.1
Employment rate	60.8	62.3	59.3	60.8	62.3	59.3
Unemployment rate	7.9	8.4	7.4	7.9	8.4	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	88,835	43,980	44,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	29,405	13,700	15,705	33.1	31.2	35.0
Worked	59,435	30,280	29,150	66.9	68.8	65.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	34,955	17,860	17,090	39.3	40.6	38.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,480	12,425	12,060	27.6	28.3	26.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	42.6	42.5	42.5	42.6	42.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	58,670	29,935	28,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,075	555	520	1.8	1.9	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	57,595	29,380	28,215	98.2	98.1	98.2
Employee	49,880	24,545	25,330	85.0	82.0	88.2
Permanent position	41,320	20,435	20,885	70.4	68.3	72.7
Temporary position	8,560	4,110	4,445	14.6	13.7	15.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,020	1,275	1,740	5.1	4.3	6.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,535	2,830	2,705	9.4	9.5	9.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,715	4,835	2,880	13.1	16.2	10.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	58,670	29,935	28,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,075	555	520	1.8	1.9	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	57,595	29,380	28,215	98.2	98.1	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,135	720	420	1.9	2.4	1.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,970	3,445	8,525	20.4	11.5	29.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,010	3,770	1,240	8.5	12.6	4.3
3 Health occupations	4,115	730	3,385	7.0	2.4	11.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10,410	3,550	6,855	17.7	11.9	23.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,705	750	955	2.9	2.5	3.3
6 Sales and service occupations	10,985	5,400	5,585	18.7	18.0	19.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,650	8,930	720	16.4	29.8	2.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,575	1,220	355	2.7	4.1	1.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,040	870	175	1.8	2.9	0.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	58,670	29,935	28,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,075	555	520	1.8	1.9	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	57,595	29,380	28,215	98.2	98.1	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,255	860	390	2.1	2.9	1.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	315	295	20	0.5	1.0	0.1
22 Utilities	405	355	55	0.7	1.2	0.2
23 Construction	5,410	4,880	535	9.2	16.3	1.9
31-33 Manufacturing	2,075	1,690	385	3.5	5.6	1.3
41 Wholesale trade	690	515	180	1.2	1.7	0.6
44-45 Retail trade	5,205	2,685	2,520	8.9	9.0	8.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,010	1,475	530	3.4	4.9	1.8
51 Information and cultural industries	725	465	250	1.2	1.6	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	1,280	590	690	2.2	2.0	2.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	680	420	260	1.2	1.4	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,245	1,845	1,395	5.5	6.2	4.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,000	1,355	645	3.4	4.5	2.2
61 Educational services	4,615	1,335	3,285	7.9	4.5	11.4
62 Health care and social assistance	7,095	1,215	5,875	12.1	4.1	20.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,195	700	495	2.0	2.3	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	2,565	1,190	1,375	4.4	4.0	4.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,260	1,065	1,200	3.9	3.6	4.2
91 Public administration	14,540	6,435	8,105	24.8	21.5	28.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	62,630	31,920	30,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	16,450	9,280	7,165	26.3	29.1	23.3
French	20,170	10,085	10,085	32.2	31.6	32.8
Non-official language	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	25,300	12,220	13,080	40.4	38.3	42.6
English and non-official language(s)	215	110	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	355	155	195	0.6	0.5	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	62,630	31,920	30,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	57,535	29,525	28,015	91.9	92.5	91.2
Official languages	57,360	29,455	27,900	91.6	92.3	90.8
English	27,250	14,560	12,690	43.5	45.6	41.3
French	30,105	14,895	15,215	48.1	46.7	49.5
Non-official languages	175	70	110	0.3	0.2	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	140	55	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,095	2,395	2,695	8.1	7.5	8.8
English and French	5,005	2,350	2,655	8.0	7.4	8.6
English and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	62,630	31,920	30,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	41,705	21,765	19,940	66.6	68.2	64.9
English	9,895	4,790	5,105	15.8	15.0	16.6
French	10,560	5,135	5,425	16.9	16.1	17.7
Non-official language	215	120	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	190	105	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	125	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	54,015	27,410	26,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	17,565	7,740	9,825	32.5	28.2	36.9
Worked outside Canada	105	85	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	6,545	5,350	1,200	12.1	19.5	4.5
Usual place of work	29,795	14,235	15,560	55.2	51.9	58.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	29,800	14,235	15,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,020	5,350	6,675	40.3	37.6	42.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,270	1,805	2,465	14.3	12.7	15.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,525	2,705	2,820	18.5	19.0	18.1
Commute to a different province or territory	7,985	4,380	3,605	26.8	30.8	23.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	36,345	19,585	16,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	32,070	17,580	14,495	88.2	89.8	86.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	29,705	16,530	13,170	81.7	84.4	78.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,375	1,045	1,325	6.5	5.3	7.9
Public transit	1,950	770	1,175	5.4	3.9	7.0
Walked	1,175	595	580	3.2	3.0	3.5
Bicycle	250	160	95	0.7	0.8	0.6
Other method	900	480	420	2.5	2.5	2.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	36,345	19,585	16,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,605	4,540	5,060	26.4	23.2	30.2
15 to 29 minutes	11,815	5,890	5,920	32.5	30.1	35.3
30 to 44 minutes	8,215	4,710	3,500	22.6	24.0	20.9
45 to 59 minutes	3,080	1,835	1,240	8.5	9.4	7.4
60 minutes and over	3,635	2,600	1,030	10.0	13.3	6.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	36,345	19,585	16,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,210	2,630	580	8.8	13.4	3.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,390	4,615	2,770	20.3	23.6	16.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,485	5,545	5,935	31.6	28.3	35.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,700	2,880	3,815	18.4	14.7	22.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,070	1,420	1,645	8.4	7.3	9.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,500	2,485	2,010	12.4	12.7	12.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	25,735	13,105	12,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,285	4,745	4,545	36.1	36.2	36.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,445	8,360	8,090	63.9	63.8	64.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	18,850	9,575	9,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,855	3,535	3,320	36.4	36.9	35.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	4,910	2,590	2,325	26.0	27.0	25.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,945	945	1,005	10.3	9.9	10.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,990	6,035	5,950	63.6	63.0	64.2

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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