Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Pierre-Boucher--Les Patriotes--VerchèresMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	103,020	50,860	52,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,405	9,495	8,905	17.9	18.7	17.1
0 to 4 years	5,450	2,815	2,635	5.3	5.5	5.1
5 to 9 years	6,250	3,240	3,015	6.1	6.4	5.8
10 to 14 years	6,700	3,440	3,255	6.5	6.8	6.2
15 to 64 years	64,130	31,775	32,345	62.3	62.5	62.0
15 to 19 years	5,770	2,970	2,805	5.6	5.8	5.4
20 to 24 years	4,625	2,405	2,215	4.5	4.7	4.2
25 to 29 years	4,940	2,470	2,470	4.8	4.9	4.7
30 to 34 years	5,720	2,790	2,925	5.6	5.5	5.6
35 to 39 years	6,565	3,175	3,395	6.4	6.2	6.5
40 to 44 years	7,215	3,555	3,655	7.0	7.0	7.0
45 to 49 years	6,755	3,335	3,415	6.6	6.6	6.5
50 to 54 years	6,975	3,545	3,430	6.8	7.0	6.6
55 to 59 years	7,900	3,795	4,100	7.7	7.5	7.9
60 to 64 years	7,675	3,735	3,940	7.5	7.3	7.6
65 years and over	20,490	9,590	10,905	19.9	18.9	20.9
65 to 69 years	6,610	3,180	3,430	6.4	6.3	6.6
70 to 74 years	5,470	2,635	2,830	5.3	5.2	5.4
75 to 79 years	4,100	1,995	2,105	4.0	3.9	4.0
80 to 84 years	2,390	1,075	1,315	2.3	2.1	2.5
85 years and over	1,920	700	1,220	1.9	1.4	2.3
85 to 89 years	1,285	525	760	1.2	1.0	1.5
90 to 94 years	545	150	395	0.5	0.3	0.8
95 to 99 years	90	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.9	18.7	17.1	17.9	18.7	17.1
15 to 64 years	62.3	62.5	62.0	62.3	62.5	62.0
65 years and over	19.9	18.9	20.9	19.9	18.9	20.9
85 years and over	1.9	1.4	2.3	1.9	1.4	2.3
Average age of the population	42.4	41.6	43.2	42.4	41.6	43.2
Median age of the population	43.6	42.8	44.8	43.6	42.8	44.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	42,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	26,060	...	...	61.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,565	...	...	8.5	...	...
Row house	1,270	...	...	3.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,320	...	...	3.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,980	...	...	21.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	295	...	...	0.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	120	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	475	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	42,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,770	...	...	25.6	...	...
2 persons	15,945	...	...	37.9	...	...
3 persons	6,290	...	...	14.9	...	...
4 persons	6,280	...	...	14.9	...	...
5 or more persons	2,795	...	...	6.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	101,570	50,430	51,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	84,615	41,365	43,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	53,955	26,935	27,020	63.8	65.1	62.5
Married	28,280	14,115	14,165	33.4	34.1	32.8
Living common-law	25,680	12,820	12,855	30.3	31.0	29.7
Living common law - Never married	20,840	10,375	10,465	24.6	25.1	24.2
Living common law - Separated	230	100	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	4,165	2,150	2,020	4.9	5.2	4.7
Living common law - Widowed	440	205	240	0.5	0.5	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	30,660	14,430	16,230	36.2	34.9	37.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	21,170	11,270	9,900	25.0	27.2	22.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	885	390	490	1.0	0.9	1.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,700	1,790	2,910	5.6	4.3	6.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,905	975	2,930	4.6	2.4	6.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	30,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,105	...	...	52.2	...	...
3 persons	6,195	...	...	20.1	...	...
4 persons	6,200	...	...	20.1	...	...
5 or more persons	2,325	...	...	7.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	30,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	26,635	...	...	86.4	...	...
Married couples	13,800	...	...	44.8	...	...
With children⁶	5,785	...	...	18.8	...	...
Without children	8,010	...	...	26.0	...	...
Common-law couples	12,835	...	...	41.6	...	...
With children⁶	7,215	...	...	23.4	...	...
Without children	5,625	...	...	18.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,190	...	...	13.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,865	...	...	9.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,325	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	101,570	50,430	51,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	87,820	44,015	43,805	86.5	87.3	85.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	53,270	26,600	26,670	52.4	52.7	52.2
Parents in one-parent families	4,185	1,325	2,870	4.1	2.6	5.6
Children⁶	30,360	16,095	14,270	29.9	31.9	27.9
In a two-parent family	24,000	12,615	11,385	23.6	25.0	22.3
In a one-parent family	6,365	3,485	2,880	6.3	6.9	5.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	13,750	6,415	7,335	13.5	12.7	14.3
Living alone	10,775	4,940	5,835	10.6	9.8	11.4
Living with other relatives⁷	1,410	565	845	1.4	1.1	1.7
Living with non-relatives only	1,570	910	655	1.5	1.8	1.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	42,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	29,080	...	...	69.1	...	...
Couple-family households	25,350	...	...	60.2	...	...
With children⁶	12,365	...	...	29.4	...	...
Without children	12,985	...	...	30.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,735	...	...	8.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	605	...	...	1.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	110	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	690	...	...	1.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	820	...	...	1.9	...	...
One-person households	10,775	...	...	25.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	83,170	40,935	42,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,390	40,105	41,290	97.9	98.0	97.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,400	58,000	44,000	50,400	58,000	44,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,425	40,125	41,305	97.9	98.0	97.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	48,400	38,400	43,200	48,400	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,925	38,435	38,490	92.5	93.9	91.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	52,800	34,400	42,800	52,800	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	61,985	31,940	30,045	74.5	78.0	71.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	53,600	38,400	45,200	53,600	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,280	28,035	34,245	74.9	68.5	81.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,600	9,600	11,300	10,600	9,600	11,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,590	4,220	4,370	10.3	10.3	10.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,280	6,000	5,600	5,280	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,785	10,815	9,975	25.0	26.4	23.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,500	6,000	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	83,165	40,930	42,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,350	40,080	41,270	97.8	97.9	97.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,750	73,700	52,150	62,750	73,700	52,150
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,395	40,095	41,295	97.9	98.0	97.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,400	56,300	42,720	49,400	56,300	42,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,970	38,385	38,585	92.6	93.8	91.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,800	68,800	44,840	56,800	68,800	44,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	61,985	31,905	30,080	74.5	78.0	71.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,150	66,800	46,960	57,150	66,800	46,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,195	28,020	34,175	74.8	68.5	80.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,780	11,120	12,320	11,780	11,120	12,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,505	4,290	4,215	10.2	10.5	10.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,570	5,945	9,220	7,570	5,945	9,220
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,455	10,750	9,705	24.6	26.3	23.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,470	7,040	7,940	7,470	7,040	7,940
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	83,165	40,930	42,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,340	17,450	14,890	38.9	42.6	35.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,000	77,500	61,600	70,000	77,500	61,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	83,200	94,500	70,100	83,200	94,500	70,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,190	10,985	12,205	27.9	26.8	28.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,000	24,600	18,400	21,000	24,600	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,200	39,480	27,560	33,200	39,480	27,560
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.6	89.4	80.4	85.6	89.4	80.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.4	72.2	65.6	69.4	72.2	65.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	14.4	10.5	19.6	14.4	10.5	19.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.9	1.8	1.3	0.9	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.5	2.9	4.3	3.5	2.9	4.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.0	2.6	3.6	3.0	2.6	3.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	83,170	40,935	42,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,775	830	945	2.1	2.0	2.2
With total income	81,390	40,105	41,290	97.9	98.0	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,935	2,075	2,860	6.1	5.2	6.9
$10,000 to $19,999	7,665	2,860	4,805	9.4	7.1	11.6
$20,000 to $29,999	9,790	3,845	5,950	12.0	9.6	14.4
$30,000 to $39,999	8,645	3,655	4,990	10.6	9.1	12.1
$40,000 to $49,999	9,415	4,260	5,155	11.6	10.6	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	8,520	4,055	4,465	10.5	10.1	10.8
$60,000 to $69,999	6,840	3,670	3,175	8.4	9.2	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	5,635	3,190	2,450	6.9	7.9	5.9
$80,000 to $89,999	4,860	2,755	2,105	6.0	6.9	5.1
$90,000 to $99,999	3,585	2,115	1,470	4.4	5.3	3.6
$100,000 and over	11,500	7,630	3,870	14.1	19.0	9.4
$100,000 to $149,999	7,685	4,905	2,780	9.4	12.2	6.7
$150,000 and over	3,815	2,720	1,090	4.7	6.8	2.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	83,170	40,935	42,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,740	815	930	2.1	2.0	2.2
With after-tax income	81,425	40,125	41,305	97.9	98.0	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,540	2,220	3,325	6.8	5.5	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	8,180	3,060	5,120	10.0	7.6	12.4
$20,000 to $29,999	11,530	4,660	6,870	14.2	11.6	16.6
$30,000 to $39,999	11,565	5,150	6,415	14.2	12.8	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	11,945	5,840	6,105	14.7	14.5	14.8
$50,000 to $59,999	9,500	5,135	4,360	11.7	12.8	10.6
$60,000 to $69,999	7,415	4,125	3,285	9.1	10.3	8.0
$70,000 to $79,999	5,210	2,995	2,210	6.4	7.5	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,365	2,090	1,270	4.1	5.2	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,150	1,345	805	2.6	3.4	2.0
$100,000 and over	5,035	3,500	1,540	6.2	8.7	3.7
$100,000 to $124,999	2,480	1,655	825	3.0	4.1	2.0
$125,000 and over	2,560	1,845	715	3.1	4.6	1.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	83,170	40,935	42,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	21,180	8,995	12,185	25.5	22.0	28.9
With employment income	61,985	31,940	30,045	74.5	78.0	71.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,710	3,955	3,755	12.4	12.4	12.5
$5,000 to $9,999	4,285	1,865	2,415	6.9	5.8	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	6,330	2,650	3,685	10.2	8.3	12.2
$20,000 to $29,999	4,945	2,040	2,905	8.0	6.4	9.7
$30,000 to $39,999	4,850	2,105	2,745	7.8	6.6	9.1
$40,000 to $49,999	5,305	2,455	2,850	8.6	7.7	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,095	2,605	2,490	8.2	8.2	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,410	2,445	1,970	7.1	7.6	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	3,860	2,195	1,665	6.2	6.9	5.6
$80,000 to $89,999	3,700	2,055	1,640	6.0	6.4	5.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,465	1,480	980	4.0	4.6	3.3
$100,000 and over	9,045	6,100	2,950	14.6	19.1	9.8
$100,000 to $124,999	4,150	2,675	1,475	6.7	8.4	4.9
$125,000 and over	4,895	3,420	1,470	7.9	10.7	4.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	83,170	40,935	42,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,965	39,330	40,635	96.1	96.1	96.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,200	58,000	42,000	49,200	58,000	42,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,020	39,345	40,685	96.2	96.1	96.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	48,400	36,800	42,000	48,400	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,760	37,890	37,870	91.1	92.6	89.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	54,800	36,000	44,400	54,800	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,160	31,970	30,190	74.7	78.1	71.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	55,200	38,800	46,000	55,200	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	55,540	24,215	31,325	66.8	59.2	74.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,850	6,240	8,600	7,850	6,240	8,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,175	4,165	4,010	9.8	10.2	9.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,960	4,200	6,120	4,960	4,200	6,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	83,165	40,930	42,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,915	39,345	40,575	96.1	96.1	96.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,100	73,000	49,480	61,100	73,000	49,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,975	39,360	40,620	96.2	96.2	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,920	55,600	40,440	47,920	55,600	40,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,770	37,850	37,915	91.1	92.5	89.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,550	70,300	44,760	57,550	70,300	44,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,270	32,070	30,200	74.9	78.4	71.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,300	67,600	46,400	57,300	67,600	46,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	55,460	24,165	31,290	66.7	59.0	74.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,400	8,720	9,920	9,400	8,720	9,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,930	4,070	3,860	9.5	9.9	9.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,480	5,130	9,960	7,480	5,130	9,960
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	83,165	40,930	42,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,225	17,390	14,840	38.7	42.5	35.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	76,500	57,200	67,000	76,500	57,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,400	91,600	65,000	79,400	91,600	65,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,920	10,435	11,485	26.4	25.5	27.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,200	33,200	23,400	27,200	33,200	23,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,280	46,800	32,440	39,280	46,800	32,440
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.4	92.6	84.6	89.4	92.6	84.6
Employment income (%)	73.2	75.4	69.8	73.2	75.4	69.8
Government transfers (%)	10.7	7.3	15.5	10.7	7.3	15.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.7	1.9	1.2	0.7	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	42,080	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,775	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,600	...	...	49,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	42,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	31,310	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	42,080	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	121,300	...	...	121,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	95,600	...	...	95,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,785	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,500	...	...	57,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,640	...	...	46,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	31,295	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	143,200	...	...	143,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,400	...	...	112,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	42,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	125	...	...	0.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	105	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	215	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	365	...	...	0.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,235	...	...	2.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	870	...	...	2.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	895	...	...	2.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,135	...	...	2.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,335	...	...	3.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,355	...	...	3.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,785	...	...	6.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,755	...	...	6.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,745	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,675	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,515	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,960	...	...	49.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,745	...	...	13.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,360	...	...	10.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,530	...	...	13.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,320	...	...	12.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	42,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	185	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	125	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	225	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	400	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,330	...	...	3.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,090	...	...	2.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,190	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,625	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,705	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,720	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,525	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,465	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,395	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,325	...	...	7.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,960	...	...	7.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,810	...	...	37.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,935	...	...	14.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,830	...	...	9.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,040	...	...	14.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	30,750	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,080	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,050	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,000	...	...	155,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,070	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	12,335	5,845	6,490	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,600	52,800	44,000	47,600	52,800	44,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200	44,400	38,000	41,200	44,400	38,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	30,725	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	143,600	...	...	143,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,600	...	...	112,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,070	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	120,400	...	...	120,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,100	...	...	95,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,140	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	181,800	...	...	181,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,800	...	...	140,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,990	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	97,700	...	...	97,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,700	...	...	78,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	12,380	5,840	6,535	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	55,700	60,650	51,300	55,700	60,650	51,300
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,360	48,320	42,680	45,360	48,320	42,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	101,570	50,430	51,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,965	11,350	10,615	21.6	22.5	20.8
0 to 5 years	6,640	3,445	3,195	6.5	6.8	6.2
18 to 64 years	60,525	29,900	30,630	59.6	59.3	59.9
65 years and over	19,075	9,180	9,895	18.8	18.2	19.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,275	2,320	2,955	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	945	490	460	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	250	130	120	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,380	1,150	1,240	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,945	690	1,265	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.2	4.6	5.8	5.2	4.6	5.8
0 to 17 years (%)	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3
0 to 5 years (%)	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8
18 to 64 years (%)	3.9	3.8	4.0	3.9	3.8	4.0
65 years and over (%)	10.2	7.5	12.7	10.2	7.5	12.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	101,570	50,430	51,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,965	11,350	10,615	21.6	22.5	20.8
0 to 5 years	6,640	3,445	3,195	6.5	6.8	6.2
18 to 64 years	60,525	29,900	30,630	59.6	59.3	59.9
65 years and over	19,075	9,180	9,895	18.8	18.2	19.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,635	800	835	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	245	130	110	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	40	25	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,070	560	515	...	...	...
65 years and over	325	110	215	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
0 to 17 years (%)	1.1	1.2	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.0
0 to 5 years (%)	0.6	0.8	0.4	0.6	0.8	0.4
18 to 64 years (%)	1.8	1.9	1.7	1.8	1.9	1.7
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.2	2.2	1.7	1.2	2.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	101,570	50,430	51,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	39,960	19,160	20,800	39.3	38.0	40.7
In bottom decile	4,335	1,950	2,385	4.3	3.9	4.7
In second decile	6,190	2,825	3,365	6.1	5.6	6.6
In third decile	8,330	3,995	4,340	8.2	7.9	8.5
In fourth decile	9,830	4,770	5,065	9.7	9.5	9.9
In fifth decile	11,275	5,620	5,655	11.1	11.1	11.1
In top half of the distribution	61,605	31,270	30,335	60.7	62.0	59.3
In sixth decile	11,785	5,905	5,880	11.6	11.7	11.5
In seventh decile	12,505	6,350	6,155	12.3	12.6	12.0
In eighth decile	12,620	6,435	6,185	12.4	12.8	12.1
In ninth decile	12,805	6,490	6,315	12.6	12.9	12.3
In top decile	11,890	6,085	5,805	11.7	12.1	11.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	101,565	...	...	101,565	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.317	...	...	0.317	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.404	...	...	0.404	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.268	...	...	0.268	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	102,245	50,635	51,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	480	240	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
French only	50,955	23,655	27,300	49.8	46.7	52.9
English and French	50,585	26,625	23,960	49.5	52.6	46.4
Neither English nor French	220	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	102,245	50,635	51,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,710	1,350	1,360	2.7	2.7	2.6
French	97,870	48,440	49,430	95.7	95.7	95.8
English and French	1,460	750	715	1.4	1.5	1.4
Neither English nor French	200	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	102,245	50,635	51,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	100,350	49,685	50,665	98.1	98.1	98.2
Official languages	95,795	47,450	48,340	93.7	93.7	93.7
English	1,870	950	925	1.8	1.9	1.8
French	93,925	46,505	47,420	91.9	91.8	91.9
Non-official languages	4,555	2,230	2,325	4.5	4.4	4.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,550	2,230	2,325	4.5	4.4	4.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	765	425	345	0.7	0.8	0.7
Berber languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	665	370	295	0.7	0.7	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	665	370	295	0.7	0.7	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,885	1,410	1,475	2.8	2.8	2.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	365	160	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	360	160	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	185	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	155	75	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dari	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian Persian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,180	1,070	1,105	2.1	2.1	2.1
Catalan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	395	225	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
Portuguese	345	165	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	1,245	585	655	1.2	1.2	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	300	125	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	300	125	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	235	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,895	955	940	1.9	1.9	1.8
English and French	1,100	555	545	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	555	280	270	0.5	0.6	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	102,245	50,635	51,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,155	605	555	1.1	1.2	1.1
French	91,535	45,270	46,265	89.5	89.4	89.7
Non-official language	1,115	560	555	1.1	1.1	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,115	555	555	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and French	4,680	2,405	2,275	4.6	4.7	4.4
English and non-official language(s)	275	125	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	2,170	1,040	1,135	2.1	2.1	2.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,270	615	655	1.2	1.2	1.3
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	102,245	50,635	51,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	100,420	49,740	50,680	98.2	98.2	98.2
Official languages	98,300	48,695	49,610	96.1	96.2	96.1
English	2,055	1,045	1,015	2.0	2.1	2.0
French	96,245	47,645	48,595	94.1	94.1	94.2
Non-official languages	2,120	1,050	1,075	2.1	2.1	2.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,115	1,045	1,075	2.1	2.1	2.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	295	155	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	270	140	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	270	140	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,380	685	695	1.3	1.4	1.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,030	505	525	1.0	1.0	1.0
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	155	75	75	0.2	0.1	0.1
Romanian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	745	365	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	225	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	225	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	215	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,825	900	925	1.8	1.8	1.8
English and French	980	480	500	1.0	0.9	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	595	295	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	102,245	50,635	51,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	95,360	47,190	48,170	93.3	93.2	93.3
English	3,370	1,750	1,620	3.3	3.5	3.1
French	1,235	610	625	1.2	1.2	1.2
Non-official language	1,270	610	660	1.2	1.2	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,270	610	660	1.2	1.2	1.3
English and French	250	130	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	470	220	255	0.5	0.4	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	185	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	101,570	50,430	51,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	101,325	50,325	51,000	99.8	99.8	99.7
English	50,940	26,705	24,230	50.2	53.0	47.4
French	100,855	50,110	50,745	99.3	99.4	99.2
Non-official languages	9,930	4,665	5,265	9.8	9.3	10.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,925	4,660	5,265	9.8	9.2	10.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,150	630	520	1.1	1.2	1.0
Berber languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,110	610	500	1.1	1.2	1.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,100	605	495	1.1	1.2	1.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	190	65	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	165	60	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	105	25	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	0	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	335	150	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Haitian Creole	285	125	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,240	3,430	3,815	7.1	6.8	7.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	455	170	285	0.4	0.3	0.6
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	455	170	280	0.4	0.3	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	210	85	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	440	225	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	350	190	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
German	350	185	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	90	80	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	275	155	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	250	145	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	225	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian Persian	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,205	2,905	3,300	6.1	5.8	6.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	960	545	415	0.9	1.1	0.8
Portuguese	490	240	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	205	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	4,800	2,135	2,665	4.7	4.2	5.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	385	175	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Akan (Twi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lingala	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	95	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	445	160	290	0.4	0.3	0.6
Chinese languages	445	160	290	0.4	0.3	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	405	145	260	0.4	0.3	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	110	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	110	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	101,565	50,430	51,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,145	610	530	1.1	1.2	1.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,045	545	495	1.0	1.1	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	695	355	340	0.7	0.7	0.7
Métis	325	190	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Inuk (Inuit)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	100,425	49,820	50,605	98.9	98.8	99.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	101,565	50,430	51,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	265	160	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	101,305	50,275	51,025	99.7	99.7	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	42,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	34,260	...	...	81.4	...	...
Renter	7,820	...	...	18.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	42,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,405	...	...	15.2	...	...
Not condominium	35,670	...	...	84.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	42,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	55	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	2,670	...	...	6.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,860	...	...	25.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,315	...	...	38.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,175	...	...	28.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	42,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,225	...	...	19.5	...	...
5 rooms	5,865	...	...	13.9	...	...
6 rooms	4,915	...	...	11.7	...	...
7 rooms	6,165	...	...	14.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	16,905	...	...	40.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.0	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	42,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	41,965	...	...	99.7	...	...
More than one person per room	120	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	42,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	41,480	...	...	98.6	...	...
Not suitable	600	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	42,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,960	...	...	11.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,640	...	...	30.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,955	...	...	16.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,980	...	...	14.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,800	...	...	6.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,450	...	...	8.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,055	...	...	7.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,245	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	42,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	40,115	...	...	95.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,965	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	42,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	19,990	...	...	47.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	21,455	...	...	51.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	630	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	42,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	495	...	...	1.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,890	...	...	11.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,680	...	...	18.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,955	...	...	18.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,185	...	...	21.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,145	...	...	17.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,915	...	...	9.3	...	...
85 years and over	810	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	41,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	37,300	...	...	89.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,495	...	...	10.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,230	...	...	10.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	42,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,765	...	...	16.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,230	...	...	10.1	...	...
Not suitable only	560	...	...	1.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,670	...	...	4.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	260	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	35,315	...	...	83.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	41,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,245	...	...	3.0	...	...
Not in core need	40,285	...	...	97.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,035	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.6	...	...	64.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.9	...	...	7.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.3	...	...	1.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,230	...	...	1,230	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,296	...	...	1,296	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	450,400	...	...	450,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,805	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.0	...	...	23.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.2	...	...	10.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860	...	...	860	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	941	...	...	941	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	101,570	50,430	51,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,020	480	545	1.0	1.0	1.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	990	470	520	1.0	0.9	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	835	375	460	0.8	0.7	0.9
Métis single ancestry	115	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,385	1,155	1,230	2.3	2.3	2.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,375	1,145	1,230	2.3	2.3	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,115	1,000	1,115	2.1	2.0	2.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	255	145	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	98,160	48,795	49,360	96.6	96.8	96.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	101,565	50,430	51,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	99,620	49,575	50,045	98.1	98.3	97.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,700	11,255	10,445	21.4	22.3	20.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	77,920	38,320	39,600	76.7	76.0	77.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,945	855	1,090	1.9	1.7	2.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	101,565	50,430	51,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	94,715	47,125	47,585	93.3	93.4	93.1
Immigrants⁸¹	6,455	3,095	3,360	6.4	6.1	6.6
Before 1980	1,145	600	545	1.1	1.2	1.1
1980 to 1990	505	310	200	0.5	0.6	0.4
1991 to 2000	840	405	440	0.8	0.8	0.9
2001 to 2010	1,845	865	985	1.8	1.7	1.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,120	920	1,200	2.1	1.8	2.3
2011 to 2015	1,135	525	615	1.1	1.0	1.2
2016 to 2021	985	405	585	1.0	0.8	1.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	400	210	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,455	3,095	3,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	805	360	445	12.5	11.6	13.2
5 to 14 years	1,000	465	530	15.5	15.0	15.8
15 to 24 years	1,090	515	575	16.9	16.6	17.1
25 to 44 years	3,210	1,570	1,640	49.7	50.7	48.8
45 years and over	350	180	170	5.4	5.8	5.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,455	3,095	3,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,690	765	930	26.2	24.7	27.7
Brazil	80	35	45	1.2	1.1	1.3
Colombia	280	120	165	4.3	3.9	4.9
El Salvador	30	15	10	0.5	0.5	0.3
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	235	115	120	3.6	3.7	3.6
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Mexico	130	50	80	2.0	1.6	2.4
Peru	255	120	135	4.0	3.9	4.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	175	75	95	2.7	2.4	2.8
Other places of birth in Americas	485	220	270	7.5	7.1	8.0
Europe	2,210	1,160	1,050	34.2	37.5	31.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	1,165	625	535	18.0	20.2	15.9
Germany	60	30	35	0.9	1.0	1.0
Greece	30	25	0	0.5	0.8	0.0
Hungary	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Italy	150	75	75	2.3	2.4	2.2
Netherlands	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Poland	35	15	20	0.5	0.5	0.6
Portugal	145	75	75	2.2	2.4	2.2
Romania	125	60	60	1.9	1.9	1.8
Russian Federation	40	25	15	0.6	0.8	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	30	10	20	0.5	0.3	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	35	10	0.6	1.1	0.3
Other places of birth in Europe	335	165	175	5.2	5.3	5.2
Africa	1,590	795	800	24.6	25.7	23.8
Algeria	255	130	125	4.0	4.2	3.7
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	80	40	40	1.2	1.3	1.2
Egypt	65	40	25	1.0	1.3	0.7
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	385	210	170	6.0	6.8	5.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Other places of birth in Africa	790	370	425	12.2	12.0	12.6
Asia	955	380	575	14.8	12.3	17.1
Afghanistan	35	15	15	0.5	0.5	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	125	75	55	1.9	2.4	1.6
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	100	65	35	1.5	2.1	1.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Turkey	50	20	35	0.8	0.6	1.0
China⁹⁰	295	95	210	4.6	3.1	6.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
Taiwan	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Philippines	45	0	40	0.7	0.0	1.2
Viet Nam	120	35	90	1.9	1.1	2.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	120	35	85	1.9	1.1	2.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	985	405	585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	170	80	90	17.3	19.8	15.4
Brazil	30	15	15	3.0	3.7	2.6
Colombia	20	15	0	2.0	3.7	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	25	0	25	2.5	0.0	4.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	75	35	45	7.6	8.6	7.7
Europe	310	140	160	31.5	34.6	27.4
France	180	95	90	18.3	23.5	15.4
Germany	20	10	10	2.0	2.5	1.7
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	0	15	1.5	0.0	2.6
Russian Federation	15	10	10	1.5	2.5	1.7
Ukraine	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	55	20	35	5.6	4.9	6.0
Africa	320	120	195	32.5	29.6	33.3
Algeria	20	10	10	2.0	2.5	1.7
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	105	50	60	10.7	12.3	10.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	65	15	45	6.6	3.7	7.7
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	25	10	20	2.5	2.5	3.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	25	0	15	2.5	0.0	2.6
Other places of birth in Africa	65	25	40	6.6	6.2	6.8
Asia	190	55	130	19.3	13.6	22.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	105	30	70	10.7	7.4	12.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	10	1.5	0.0	1.7
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0	0	1.5	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.7
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	101,565	50,430	51,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,425	3,565	3,865	7.3	7.1	7.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,650	3,485	3,165	6.5	6.9	6.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	87,495	43,380	44,110	86.1	86.0	86.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,315	2,495	2,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,275	1,675	1,595	61.6	67.1	56.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,585	960	625	29.8	38.5	22.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,695	720	975	31.9	28.9	34.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,485	555	930	27.9	22.2	33.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	500	245	255	9.4	9.8	9.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	55	20	30	1.0	0.8	1.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,315	2,495	2,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	305	140	165	5.7	5.6	5.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	590	305	285	11.1	12.2	10.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	260	160	100	4.9	6.4	3.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	240	130	105	4.5	5.2	3.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	15	20	0.7	0.6	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,885	1,740	2,140	73.1	69.7	76.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	101,570	50,430	51,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,305	2,955	3,345	6.2	5.9	6.5
South Asian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	670	215	455	0.7	0.4	0.9
Black	2,010	940	1,075	2.0	1.9	2.1
Filipino	80	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab	930	535	395	0.9	1.1	0.8
Latin American	1,515	730	785	1.5	1.4	1.5
Southeast Asian	415	170	245	0.4	0.3	0.5
West Asian	230	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Japanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	95,265	47,475	47,790	93.8	94.1	93.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	101,565	50,430	51,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	34,990	17,300	17,690	34.5	34.3	34.6
English	1,730	805	925	1.7	1.6	1.8
Irish	4,650	2,405	2,245	4.6	4.8	4.4
Scottish	1,890	875	1,020	1.9	1.7	2.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	29,435	14,705	14,735	29.0	29.2	28.8
German	1,400	635	760	1.4	1.3	1.5
Chinese	660	220	440	0.6	0.4	0.9
Italian	3,335	1,675	1,655	3.3	3.3	3.2
Indian (India)	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ukrainian	280	115	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Dutch	195	115	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Polish	530	210	320	0.5	0.4	0.6
Québécois	14,285	7,095	7,190	14.1	14.1	14.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	280	125	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Filipino	80	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
French Canadian	9,175	4,525	4,660	9.0	9.0	9.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,825	920	900	1.8	1.8	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,620	760	860	1.6	1.5	1.7
Métis	410	230	180	0.4	0.5	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,055	515	545	1.0	1.0	1.1
Russian	150	50	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Norwegian	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Welsh	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	595	335	265	0.6	0.7	0.5
American	445	225	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	775	355	425	0.8	0.7	0.8
Swedish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Acadian	1,020	490	535	1.0	1.0	1.0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	500	220	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Jewish	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	240	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	300	155	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Greek	325	165	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	275	155	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Lebanese	305	180	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
Iranian	135	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	670	350	320	0.7	0.7	0.6
Danish	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	830	385	445	0.8	0.8	0.9
Haitian	680	315	370	0.7	0.6	0.7
Hindu	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	265	115	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	285	170	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Finnish	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	160	60	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Muslim	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	200	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	210	125	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	400	170	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Moroccan	500	280	220	0.5	0.6	0.4
Czech	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	60	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	210	120	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Brazilian	155	90	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	60	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovak	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	195	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	110	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	330	170	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber	120	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	115	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	130	80	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	215	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	260	120	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Guatemalan	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	55	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Dominican	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	100	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	215	80	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Moldovan	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	240	135	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	170	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	210	120	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	125	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	60	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	101,570	50,430	51,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	185	50	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
Christian	69,345	33,650	35,695	68.3	66.7	69.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,190	2,570	2,620	5.1	5.1	5.1
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	95	25	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baptist	195	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	62,230	30,135	32,095	61.3	59.8	62.8
Christian Orthodox	545	260	285	0.5	0.5	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latter Day Saints	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	295	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	565	285	275	0.6	0.6	0.5
Hindu	55	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jewish	55	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Muslim	1,510	860	650	1.5	1.7	1.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
No religion and secular perspectives	30,275	15,735	14,540	29.8	31.2	28.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	100,565	49,915	50,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	91,760	45,625	46,140	91.2	91.4	91.1
Movers	8,800	4,285	4,520	8.8	8.6	8.9
Non-migrants	3,335	1,695	1,630	3.3	3.4	3.2
Migrants	5,470	2,590	2,880	5.4	5.2	5.7
Internal migrants	5,255	2,490	2,770	5.2	5.0	5.5
Intraprovincial migrants	5,190	2,455	2,735	5.2	4.9	5.4
Interprovincial migrants	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	96,025	47,600	48,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	63,485	31,680	31,805	66.1	66.6	65.7
Movers	32,545	15,925	16,620	33.9	33.5	34.3
Non-migrants	9,215	4,465	4,750	9.6	9.4	9.8
Migrants	23,330	11,465	11,865	24.3	24.1	24.5
Internal migrants	22,315	11,055	11,260	23.2	23.2	23.3
Intraprovincial migrants	21,945	10,850	11,095	22.9	22.8	22.9
Interprovincial migrants	370	210	160	0.4	0.4	0.3
External migrants	1,015	405	610	1.1	0.9	1.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	83,170	40,935	42,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,535	7,745	5,790	16.3	18.9	13.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	69,635	33,185	36,445	83.7	81.1	86.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,620	26,395	27,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,955	3,875	2,080	11.1	14.7	7.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	47,670	22,520	25,145	88.9	85.3	92.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	83,165	40,930	42,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,860	6,570	5,290	14.3	16.1	12.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,690	7,855	8,835	20.1	19.2	20.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	54,615	26,505	28,105	65.7	64.8	66.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	32,720	16,610	16,110	39.3	40.6	38.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,045	8,145	4,900	15.7	19.9	11.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,450	5,125	4,320	11.4	12.5	10.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,595	3,020	575	4.3	7.4	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,965	7,000	8,960	19.2	17.1	21.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,715	1,465	2,250	4.5	3.6	5.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	21,890	9,895	12,000	26.3	24.2	28.4
Bachelor's degree	14,230	6,240	7,990	17.1	15.2	18.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,120	820	1,305	2.5	2.0	3.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	495	245	250	0.6	0.6	0.6
Master's degree	4,505	2,275	2,230	5.4	5.6	5.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	540	310	225	0.6	0.8	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,625	26,395	27,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,695	2,975	1,715	8.8	11.3	6.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,210	4,160	4,050	15.3	15.8	14.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,715	19,260	21,460	75.9	73.0	78.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,540	11,970	11,570	43.9	45.3	42.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,025	6,145	3,885	18.7	23.3	14.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,260	3,810	3,450	13.5	14.4	12.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,770	2,330	435	5.2	8.8	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,965	4,815	6,145	20.4	18.2	22.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,550	1,010	1,535	4.8	3.8	5.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,175	7,290	9,890	32.0	27.6	36.3
Bachelor's degree	11,090	4,570	6,520	20.7	17.3	23.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,645	565	1,070	3.1	2.1	3.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	365	140	225	0.7	0.5	0.8
Master's degree	3,640	1,780	1,865	6.8	6.7	6.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	440	235	200	0.8	0.9	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	83,165	40,930	42,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	28,555	14,425	14,125	34.3	35.2	33.4
Education	3,965	775	3,190	4.8	1.9	7.6
13. Education	3,965	775	3,190	4.8	1.9	7.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,085	930	1,160	2.5	2.3	2.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	335	245	85	0.4	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,750	685	1,070	2.1	1.7	2.5
Humanities	2,615	1,005	1,605	3.1	2.5	3.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	255	60	200	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	115	15	100	0.1	0.0	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,580	640	940	1.9	1.6	2.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	175	120	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	290	75	215	0.3	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,085	1,380	3,700	6.1	3.4	8.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	940	220	715	1.1	0.5	1.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	980	60	915	1.2	0.1	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	1,110	370	745	1.3	0.9	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	150	30	120	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	690	140	555	0.8	0.3	1.3
45. Social sciences	1,165	550	615	1.4	1.3	1.5
Business, management and public administration	14,160	5,660	8,505	17.0	13.8	20.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	610	155	460	0.7	0.4	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	13,535	5,495	8,040	16.3	13.4	19.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,790	915	875	2.2	2.2	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	505	170	330	0.6	0.4	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	320	170	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	265	90	170	0.3	0.2	0.4
40. Physical sciences	535	365	165	0.6	0.9	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	170	120	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,015	1,400	615	2.4	3.4	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,685	1,245	440	2.0	3.0	1.0
25. Library science	145	20	125	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	145	105	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,015	10,875	1,135	14.4	26.6	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	505	300	205	0.6	0.7	0.5
14. Engineering	2,610	2,210	395	3.1	5.4	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,380	2,105	275	2.9	5.1	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,540	2,420	120	3.1	5.9	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,375	2,305	75	2.9	5.6	0.2
48. Precision production	1,600	1,535	60	1.9	3.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	930	490	445	1.1	1.2	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	725	360	365	0.9	0.9	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	210	125	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	6,370	1,105	5,260	7.7	2.7	12.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	410	195	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,765	825	4,945	6.9	2.0	11.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,575	1,965	1,610	4.3	4.8	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,660	365	1,295	2.0	0.9	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	985	735	245	1.2	1.8	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	915	845	70	1.1	2.1	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	53,620	26,395	27,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	12,905	7,140	5,765	24.1	27.1	21.2
Education	2,635	485	2,160	4.9	1.8	7.9
13. Education	2,635	485	2,160	4.9	1.8	7.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,600	675	920	3.0	2.6	3.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	250	170	75	0.5	0.6	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	1,350	505	845	2.5	1.9	3.1
Humanities	1,540	560	980	2.9	2.1	3.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	185	25	165	0.3	0.1	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	80	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	855	345	510	1.6	1.3	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	130	85	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	180	35	140	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,040	985	3,050	7.5	3.7	11.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	805	180	625	1.5	0.7	2.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	815	35	780	1.5	0.1	2.9
22. Legal professions and studies	830	225	605	1.5	0.9	2.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	20	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	540	85	455	1.0	0.3	1.7
45. Social sciences	915	430	485	1.7	1.6	1.8
Business, management and public administration	10,730	4,060	6,665	20.0	15.4	24.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	455	100	355	0.8	0.4	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,270	3,960	6,310	19.2	15.0	23.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,130	555	580	2.1	2.1	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	430	140	290	0.8	0.5	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	145	60	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	410	260	150	0.8	1.0	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	70	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,620	1,145	475	3.0	4.3	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,400	1,045	355	2.6	4.0	1.3
25. Library science	105	10	100	0.2	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	70	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,205	8,185	1,020	17.2	31.0	3.7
04. Architecture and related services	420	245	175	0.8	0.9	0.6
14. Engineering	2,080	1,705	370	3.9	6.5	1.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,730	1,490	240	3.2	5.6	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,025	1,920	105	3.8	7.3	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,750	1,680	70	3.3	6.4	0.3
48. Precision production	1,195	1,135	55	2.2	4.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	735	360	380	1.4	1.4	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	575	270	310	1.1	1.0	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	155	90	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Health and related fields	4,580	710	3,875	8.5	2.7	14.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	290	130	160	0.5	0.5	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,130	510	3,610	7.7	1.9	13.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	155	65	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,905	1,550	1,360	5.4	5.9	5.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,375	295	1,080	2.6	1.1	4.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	795	580	225	1.5	2.2	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	720	660	55	1.3	2.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	53,620	26,395	27,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,905	7,140	5,765	24.1	27.1	21.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	40,720	19,255	21,465	75.9	72.9	78.8
Location of study inside Canada	38,470	18,140	20,335	71.7	68.7	74.7
Same as province or territory of residence	37,840	17,835	20,005	70.6	67.6	73.5
Different than province or territory of residence	635	300	330	1.2	1.1	1.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,245	1,120	1,130	4.2	4.2	4.2
Americas	600	305	295	1.1	1.2	1.1
United States of America	175	110	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mexico	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	135	55	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Peru	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Europe	955	495	465	1.8	1.9	1.7
Belgium	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	640	330	310	1.2	1.3	1.1
Germany	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	40	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	405	200	205	0.8	0.8	0.8
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisia	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	160	90	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asia	270	105	160	0.5	0.4	0.6
Iran⁸⁸	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	115	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	83,165	40,930	42,240	...	...	...
In the labour force	55,895	28,615	27,280	...	...	...
Employed	53,145	27,230	25,920	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,745	1,390	1,360	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	27,275	12,315	14,960	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.2	69.9	64.6	67.2	69.9	64.6
Employment rate	63.9	66.5	61.4	63.9	66.5	61.4
Unemployment rate	4.9	4.9	5.0	4.9	4.9	5.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	83,165	40,930	42,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	25,970	11,490	14,480	31.2	28.1	34.3
Worked	57,195	29,435	27,755	68.8	71.9	65.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	33,030	17,905	15,130	39.7	43.7	35.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,160	11,535	12,630	29.1	28.2	29.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.7	43.3	42.0	42.7	43.3	42.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	55,895	28,620	27,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	770	330	435	1.4	1.2	1.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	55,125	28,285	26,840	98.6	98.8	98.4
Employee	48,075	24,020	24,055	86.0	83.9	88.2
Permanent position	41,445	21,080	20,360	74.1	73.7	74.6
Temporary position	6,625	2,940	3,685	11.9	10.3	13.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,155	845	1,315	3.9	3.0	4.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,470	2,095	2,380	8.0	7.3	8.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,050	4,265	2,790	12.6	14.9	10.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	55,895	28,620	27,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	770	330	435	1.4	1.2	1.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	55,125	28,285	26,840	98.6	98.8	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,605	1,200	405	2.9	4.2	1.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,340	3,630	7,705	20.3	12.7	28.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,095	3,850	1,245	9.1	13.5	4.6
3 Health occupations	4,130	645	3,485	7.4	2.3	12.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,955	1,885	5,065	12.4	6.6	18.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,975	880	1,100	3.5	3.1	4.0
6 Sales and service occupations	11,700	5,410	6,290	20.9	18.9	23.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,320	8,450	870	16.7	29.5	3.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	845	670	175	1.5	2.3	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,165	1,660	495	3.9	5.8	1.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	55,895	28,620	27,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	770	330	435	1.4	1.2	1.6
All industries¹⁹¹	55,125	28,285	26,840	98.6	98.8	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	720	455	270	1.3	1.6	1.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	130	105	25	0.2	0.4	0.1
22 Utilities	855	575	275	1.5	2.0	1.0
23 Construction	4,520	3,800	720	8.1	13.3	2.6
31-33 Manufacturing	6,115	4,260	1,860	10.9	14.9	6.8
41 Wholesale trade	2,560	1,705	855	4.6	6.0	3.1
44-45 Retail trade	6,820	3,275	3,540	12.2	11.4	13.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,330	1,620	710	4.2	5.7	2.6
51 Information and cultural industries	1,465	840	625	2.6	2.9	2.3
52 Finance and insurance	2,405	1,030	1,375	4.3	3.6	5.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	860	515	350	1.5	1.8	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,715	2,645	2,070	8.4	9.2	7.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	95	30	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,585	960	615	2.8	3.4	2.3
61 Educational services	4,145	1,060	3,085	7.4	3.7	11.3
62 Health care and social assistance	6,900	1,085	5,815	12.3	3.8	21.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	995	515	480	1.8	1.8	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	2,095	960	1,135	3.7	3.4	4.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,335	1,080	1,255	4.2	3.8	4.6
91 Public administration	3,475	1,770	1,705	6.2	6.2	6.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	59,710	30,605	29,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,105	630	480	1.9	2.1	1.6
French	43,850	21,710	22,140	73.4	70.9	76.1
Non-official language	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	14,345	8,030	6,310	24.0	26.2	21.7
English and non-official language(s)	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	120	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	215	135	80	0.4	0.4	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	59,710	30,605	29,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	57,730	29,465	28,270	96.7	96.3	97.1
Official languages	57,650	29,430	28,220	96.5	96.2	97.0
English	3,245	1,865	1,380	5.4	6.1	4.7
French	54,410	27,565	26,845	91.1	90.1	92.3
Non-official languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,980	1,150	835	3.3	3.8	2.9
English and French	1,915	1,110	805	3.2	3.6	2.8
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	59,710	30,605	29,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	46,940	23,480	23,465	78.6	76.7	80.6
English	10,395	5,755	4,635	17.4	18.8	15.9
French	2,095	1,200	895	3.5	3.9	3.1
Non-official language	125	75	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	125	75	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	95	65	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	53,145	27,225	25,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	13,010	6,140	6,865	24.5	22.6	26.5
Worked outside Canada	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
No fixed workplace address	5,175	3,940	1,235	9.7	14.5	4.8
Usual place of work	34,905	17,110	17,795	65.7	62.8	68.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,905	17,110	17,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	9,990	4,620	5,370	28.6	27.0	30.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,080	2,985	3,095	17.4	17.4	17.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	18,790	9,465	9,320	53.8	55.3	52.4
Commute to a different province or territory	50	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	40,080	21,045	19,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	36,025	19,240	16,780	89.9	91.4	88.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	34,340	18,620	15,725	85.7	88.5	82.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,680	620	1,060	4.2	2.9	5.6
Public transit	1,705	765	940	4.3	3.6	4.9
Walked	1,475	590	885	3.7	2.8	4.7
Bicycle	370	230	140	0.9	1.1	0.7
Other method	505	215	290	1.3	1.0	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	40,080	21,045	19,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	10,830	5,025	5,810	27.0	23.9	30.5
15 to 29 minutes	13,740	7,090	6,650	34.3	33.7	34.9
30 to 44 minutes	9,900	5,510	4,390	24.7	26.2	23.1
45 to 59 minutes	3,430	2,100	1,330	8.6	10.0	7.0
60 minutes and over	2,175	1,325	850	5.4	6.3	4.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	40,080	21,045	19,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,640	2,990	645	9.1	14.2	3.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,510	5,055	2,455	18.7	24.0	12.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,545	5,220	6,320	28.8	24.8	33.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,030	3,170	4,865	20.0	15.1	25.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,770	1,420	2,350	9.4	6.7	12.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,585	3,185	2,405	13.9	15.1	12.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,390	11,570	10,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,060	1,055	1,000	9.2	9.1	9.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,335	10,515	9,820	90.8	90.9	90.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,535	8,540	7,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,540	790	750	9.3	9.3	9.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,045	535	510	6.3	6.3	6.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	495	265	235	3.0	3.1	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,990	7,750	7,245	90.7	90.7	90.6

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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