Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	OutremontMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	115,050	56,820	58,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,660	9,080	8,575	15.3	16.0	14.7
0 to 4 years	5,750	2,910	2,840	5.0	5.1	4.9
5 to 9 years	6,180	3,205	2,975	5.4	5.6	5.1
10 to 14 years	5,725	2,965	2,760	5.0	5.2	4.7
15 to 64 years	80,530	40,870	39,660	70.0	71.9	68.1
15 to 19 years	5,950	2,985	2,960	5.2	5.3	5.1
20 to 24 years	12,715	6,300	6,415	11.1	11.1	11.0
25 to 29 years	12,740	6,625	6,115	11.1	11.7	10.5
30 to 34 years	10,230	5,310	4,920	8.9	9.3	8.4
35 to 39 years	8,565	4,325	4,240	7.4	7.6	7.3
40 to 44 years	7,945	4,020	3,925	6.9	7.1	6.7
45 to 49 years	6,565	3,355	3,215	5.7	5.9	5.5
50 to 54 years	5,500	2,810	2,690	4.8	4.9	4.6
55 to 59 years	5,380	2,700	2,680	4.7	4.8	4.6
60 to 64 years	4,940	2,440	2,500	4.3	4.3	4.3
65 years and over	16,855	6,865	9,995	14.7	12.1	17.2
65 to 69 years	4,415	2,025	2,385	3.8	3.6	4.1
70 to 74 years	4,085	1,845	2,240	3.6	3.2	3.8
75 to 79 years	3,150	1,315	1,835	2.7	2.3	3.2
80 to 84 years	2,130	770	1,350	1.9	1.4	2.3
85 years and over	3,075	905	2,175	2.7	1.6	3.7
85 to 89 years	1,795	640	1,155	1.6	1.1	2.0
90 to 94 years	1,060	215	845	0.9	0.4	1.5
95 to 99 years	185	40	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.3	16.0	14.7	15.3	16.0	14.7
15 to 64 years	70.0	71.9	68.1	70.0	71.9	68.1
65 years and over	14.7	12.1	17.2	14.7	12.1	17.2
85 years and over	2.7	1.6	3.7	2.7	1.6	3.7
Average age of the population	38.0	36.6	39.3	38.0	36.6	39.3
Median age of the population	34.0	33.2	35.2	34.0	33.2	35.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	54,630	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	830	...	...	1.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,005	...	...	1.8	...	...
Row house	1,000	...	...	1.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,515	...	...	6.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	37,355	...	...	68.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10,705	...	...	19.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	220	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	54,630	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	24,190	...	...	44.3	...	...
2 persons	16,430	...	...	30.1	...	...
3 persons	6,480	...	...	11.9	...	...
4 persons	4,660	...	...	8.5	...	...
5 or more persons	2,865	...	...	5.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	112,475	55,820	56,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	97,390	47,735	49,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	43,010	21,670	21,340	44.2	45.4	43.0
Married	27,545	13,800	13,745	28.3	28.9	27.7
Living common-law	15,470	7,870	7,600	15.9	16.5	15.3
Living common law - Never married	13,540	6,865	6,670	13.9	14.4	13.4
Living common law - Separated	145	80	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Living common law - Divorced	1,680	875	805	1.7	1.8	1.6
Living common law - Widowed	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	54,380	26,065	28,310	55.8	54.6	57.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	42,905	22,450	20,455	44.1	47.0	41.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,785	785	1,005	1.8	1.6	2.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,450	2,250	4,205	6.6	4.7	8.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,235	585	2,645	3.3	1.2	5.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	24,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	13,410	...	...	54.1	...	...
3 persons	4,900	...	...	19.8	...	...
4 persons	4,040	...	...	16.3	...	...
5 or more persons	2,460	...	...	9.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	24,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	20,605	...	...	83.1	...	...
Married couples	12,870	...	...	51.9	...	...
With children⁶	7,770	...	...	31.3	...	...
Without children	5,105	...	...	20.6	...	...
Common-law couples	7,730	...	...	31.2	...	...
With children⁶	2,175	...	...	8.8	...	...
Without children	5,555	...	...	22.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,200	...	...	16.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,325	...	...	13.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	875	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	112,475	55,815	56,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	72,670	35,860	36,805	64.6	64.2	65.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	41,210	20,775	20,435	36.6	37.2	36.1
Parents in one-parent families	4,200	875	3,325	3.7	1.6	5.9
Children⁶	27,255	14,215	13,045	24.2	25.5	23.0
In a two-parent family	21,195	11,020	10,180	18.8	19.7	18.0
In a one-parent family	6,065	3,195	2,865	5.4	5.7	5.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	39,805	19,950	19,855	35.4	35.7	35.0
Living alone	24,190	11,510	12,680	21.5	20.6	22.4
Living with other relatives⁷	2,810	1,305	1,510	2.5	2.3	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	12,805	7,140	5,665	11.4	12.8	10.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	54,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	23,525	...	...	43.1	...	...
Couple-family households	19,700	...	...	36.1	...	...
With children⁶	9,635	...	...	17.6	...	...
Without children	10,065	...	...	18.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,825	...	...	7.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	285	...	...	0.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	75	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	740	...	...	1.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5,810	...	...	10.6	...	...
One-person households	24,195	...	...	44.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	94,855	46,755	48,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90,170	44,315	45,860	95.1	94.8	95.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	36,800	36,000	36,400	36,800	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90,240	44,350	45,895	95.1	94.9	95.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	33,200	32,800	32,800	33,200	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,920	40,545	41,380	86.4	86.7	86.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,400	32,400	26,600	29,400	32,400	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,910	35,135	33,770	72.6	75.1	70.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,600	30,400	24,800	27,600	30,400	24,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,820	34,360	39,465	77.8	73.5	82.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,400	8,300	10,100	9,400	8,300	10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,385	4,000	4,385	8.8	8.6	9.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,720	5,520	5,480	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,215	16,445	15,780	34.0	35.2	32.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	94,810	46,905	47,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,025	44,415	45,610	95.0	94.7	95.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,000	69,600	50,640	60,000	69,600	50,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,105	44,470	45,640	95.0	94.8	95.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,720	50,400	41,200	45,720	50,400	41,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,755	40,550	41,210	86.2	86.5	86.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,900	67,700	44,320	55,900	67,700	44,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,830	35,170	33,660	72.6	75.0	70.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,450	62,250	42,160	52,450	62,250	42,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,610	34,240	39,370	77.6	73.0	82.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,260	10,100	12,280	11,260	10,100	12,280
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,495	4,015	4,480	9.0	8.6	9.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,950	6,050	7,760	6,950	6,050	7,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,965	16,405	15,555	33.7	35.0	32.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,150	9,340	8,950	9,150	9,340	8,950
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	94,810	46,905	47,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,455	15,085	12,370	29.0	32.2	25.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	69,000	60,400	64,500	69,000	60,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	92,900	106,900	75,900	92,900	106,900	75,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	33,445	15,990	17,455	35.3	34.1	36.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,300	14,800	13,600	14,300	14,800	13,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,200	30,240	24,420	27,200	30,240	24,420
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.6	88.8	79.0	84.6	88.8	79.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.8	70.8	61.4	66.8	70.8	61.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.4	11.2	20.9	15.4	11.2	20.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.5	1.1	0.8	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.0	5.3	6.8	6.0	5.3	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.4	5.0	6.0	5.4	5.0	6.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	94,855	46,755	48,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,685	2,445	2,240	4.9	5.2	4.7
With total income	90,170	44,310	45,860	95.1	94.8	95.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,555	4,720	4,830	10.6	10.7	10.5
$10,000 to $19,999	11,915	5,925	5,990	13.2	13.4	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	16,115	7,620	8,490	17.9	17.2	18.5
$30,000 to $39,999	11,290	5,490	5,800	12.5	12.4	12.6
$40,000 to $49,999	8,715	4,010	4,705	9.7	9.0	10.3
$50,000 to $59,999	6,555	2,950	3,605	7.3	6.7	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	5,035	2,220	2,820	5.6	5.0	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,055	1,920	2,135	4.5	4.3	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,235	1,580	1,660	3.6	3.6	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,455	1,225	1,230	2.7	2.8	2.7
$100,000 and over	11,250	6,650	4,595	12.5	15.0	10.0
$100,000 to $149,999	6,020	3,275	2,740	6.7	7.4	6.0
$150,000 and over	5,230	3,375	1,860	5.8	7.6	4.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	94,855	46,755	48,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,610	2,405	2,205	4.9	5.1	4.6
With after-tax income	90,240	44,350	45,890	95.1	94.9	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,955	4,910	5,045	11.0	11.1	11.0
$10,000 to $19,999	12,545	6,250	6,295	13.9	14.1	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	18,500	8,860	9,645	20.5	20.0	21.0
$30,000 to $39,999	12,765	6,150	6,615	14.1	13.9	14.4
$40,000 to $49,999	10,120	4,580	5,540	11.2	10.3	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	6,970	3,210	3,760	7.7	7.2	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	5,085	2,440	2,645	5.6	5.5	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,615	1,770	1,845	4.0	4.0	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,480	1,320	1,160	2.7	3.0	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,870	980	890	2.1	2.2	2.0
$100,000 and over	6,340	3,885	2,455	7.0	8.8	5.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,520	1,385	1,130	2.8	3.1	2.5
$125,000 and over	3,825	2,495	1,325	4.2	5.6	2.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	94,855	46,755	48,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	25,950	11,625	14,325	27.4	24.9	29.8
With employment income	68,910	35,135	33,770	72.6	75.1	70.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,735	5,630	6,105	17.0	16.0	18.1
$5,000 to $9,999	7,850	3,855	4,005	11.4	11.0	11.8
$10,000 to $19,999	9,945	4,810	5,135	14.4	13.7	15.2
$20,000 to $29,999	6,465	3,125	3,340	9.4	8.9	9.9
$30,000 to $39,999	5,530	2,835	2,690	8.0	8.1	8.0
$40,000 to $49,999	4,895	2,435	2,455	7.1	6.9	7.3
$50,000 to $59,999	3,965	1,930	2,035	5.8	5.5	6.0
$60,000 to $69,999	3,165	1,605	1,560	4.6	4.6	4.6
$70,000 to $79,999	2,760	1,445	1,315	4.0	4.1	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,420	1,255	1,170	3.5	3.6	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,710	940	770	2.5	2.7	2.3
$100,000 and over	8,475	5,280	3,195	12.3	15.0	9.5
$100,000 to $124,999	2,885	1,690	1,190	4.2	4.8	3.5
$125,000 and over	5,595	3,585	2,010	8.1	10.2	5.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	94,855	46,755	48,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,205	42,120	44,090	90.9	90.1	91.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	32,800	31,200	31,800	32,800	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,235	42,125	44,105	90.9	90.1	91.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,400	29,800	28,800	29,400	29,800	28,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,490	38,605	39,885	82.7	82.6	82.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,800	33,200	27,200	29,800	33,200	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,970	33,415	32,560	69.5	71.5	67.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,400	31,400	25,600	28,400	31,400	25,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,770	30,155	35,620	69.3	64.5	74.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,320	1,800	3,720	2,320	1,800	3,720
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,180	2,250	2,930	5.5	4.8	6.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,360	4,800	6,320	5,360	4,800	6,320
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	94,810	46,905	47,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,095	42,350	43,745	90.8	90.3	91.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,600	67,500	48,040	57,600	67,500	48,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,125	42,350	43,775	90.8	90.3	91.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,960	49,200	38,920	43,960	49,200	38,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,375	38,725	39,650	82.7	82.6	82.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,300	69,500	45,360	57,300	69,500	45,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,075	33,590	32,485	69.7	71.6	67.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,200	65,100	42,960	54,200	65,100	42,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,595	30,255	35,345	69.2	64.5	73.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,160	5,515	8,570	7,160	5,515	8,570
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,175	2,365	2,805	5.5	5.0	5.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,880	6,280	9,240	7,880	6,280	9,240
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	94,810	46,905	47,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,725	14,575	12,150	28.2	31.1	25.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	61,200	52,800	56,800	61,200	52,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	87,600	103,400	68,500	87,600	103,400	68,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	30,300	14,495	15,800	32.0	30.9	33.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	18,600	17,200	18,000	18,600	17,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,080	37,480	29,040	33,080	37,480	29,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.6	94.2	85.6	90.6	94.2	85.6
Employment income (%)	72.2	76.4	66.4	72.2	76.4	66.4
Government transfers (%)	9.5	5.8	14.4	9.5	5.8	14.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.5	1.2	0.8	0.5	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	54,630	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	54,800	...	...	54,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	24,195	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,435	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	54,535	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,600	...	...	75,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	24,160	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,850	...	...	51,850	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,375	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	136,600	...	...	136,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,900	...	...	102,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	54,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,885	...	...	3.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	975	...	...	1.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,400	...	...	2.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,835	...	...	3.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,600	...	...	6.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,590	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,465	...	...	4.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,440	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,415	...	...	4.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,390	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,215	...	...	7.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,790	...	...	6.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,335	...	...	6.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,905	...	...	5.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,470	...	...	4.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,930	...	...	29.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,615	...	...	8.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,020	...	...	5.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,370	...	...	6.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,925	...	...	9.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	54,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,995	...	...	3.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	995	...	...	1.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,410	...	...	2.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,970	...	...	3.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,945	...	...	7.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,040	...	...	5.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,865	...	...	5.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,870	...	...	5.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,015	...	...	5.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,685	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,860	...	...	8.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,180	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,555	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,975	...	...	5.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,475	...	...	4.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,790	...	...	21.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,225	...	...	7.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,430	...	...	4.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,130	...	...	9.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	25,700	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,385	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,960	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,115	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	37,000	18,645	18,350	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,400	29,600	31,200	30,400	29,600	31,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,200	27,600	29,000	28,200	27,600	29,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	25,795	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	147,400	...	...	147,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,300	...	...	109,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,410	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	128,400	...	...	128,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,040	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	200,800	...	...	200,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,800	...	...	142,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,045	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,200	...	...	71,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	36,715	18,645	18,075	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,520	43,520	43,520	43,520	43,520	43,520
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,520	35,200	35,840	35,520	35,200	35,840
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	112,475	55,820	56,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,650	10,615	10,035	18.4	19.0	17.7
0 to 5 years	6,970	3,560	3,420	6.2	6.4	6.0
18 to 64 years	76,810	38,890	37,920	68.3	69.7	66.9
65 years and over	15,015	6,305	8,705	13.3	11.3	15.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	22,275	11,035	11,240	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,660	1,355	1,300	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	975	485	485	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	16,170	8,310	7,855	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,450	1,365	2,085	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	19.8	19.8	19.8	19.8	19.8	19.8
0 to 17 years (%)	12.9	12.8	13.0	12.9	12.8	13.0
0 to 5 years (%)	14.0	13.7	14.2	14.0	13.7	14.2
18 to 64 years (%)	21.0	21.4	20.7	21.0	21.4	20.7
65 years and over (%)	23.0	21.7	23.9	23.0	21.7	23.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	112,475	55,820	56,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,650	10,615	10,035	18.4	19.0	17.7
0 to 5 years	6,970	3,560	3,420	6.2	6.4	6.0
18 to 64 years	76,810	38,890	37,920	68.3	69.7	66.9
65 years and over	15,015	6,305	8,705	13.3	11.3	15.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	18,000	9,365	8,630	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,515	785	735	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	540	280	255	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	14,750	7,875	6,880	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,730	705	1,025	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	16.0	16.8	15.2	16.0	16.8	15.2
0 to 17 years (%)	7.3	7.4	7.3	7.3	7.4	7.3
0 to 5 years (%)	7.7	7.9	7.6	7.7	7.9	7.6
18 to 64 years (%)	19.2	20.3	18.1	19.2	20.3	18.1
65 years and over (%)	11.5	11.2	11.8	11.5	11.2	11.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	112,475	55,815	56,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	70,050	34,605	35,445	62.3	62.0	62.6
In bottom decile	23,065	11,705	11,360	20.5	21.0	20.0
In second decile	13,565	6,575	6,985	12.1	11.8	12.3
In third decile	12,410	6,030	6,375	11.0	10.8	11.3
In fourth decile	11,415	5,630	5,785	10.1	10.1	10.2
In fifth decile	9,600	4,660	4,935	8.5	8.3	8.7
In top half of the distribution	42,430	21,215	21,215	37.7	38.0	37.4
In sixth decile	8,275	4,045	4,225	7.4	7.2	7.5
In seventh decile	7,250	3,565	3,685	6.4	6.4	6.5
In eighth decile	6,945	3,480	3,465	6.2	6.2	6.1
In ninth decile	7,650	3,825	3,825	6.8	6.9	6.8
In top decile	12,310	6,295	6,015	10.9	11.3	10.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	112,480	...	...	112,480	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.471	...	...	0.471	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.588	...	...	0.588	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.396	...	...	0.396	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.4	...	...	5.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	113,375	56,310	57,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	19,185	10,590	8,595	16.9	18.8	15.1
French only	16,735	7,645	9,095	14.8	13.6	15.9
English and French	74,875	36,870	38,010	66.0	65.5	66.6
Neither English nor French	2,580	1,215	1,365	2.3	2.2	2.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	113,375	56,310	57,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	35,980	18,675	17,310	31.7	33.2	30.3
French	65,090	31,870	33,220	57.4	56.6	58.2
English and French	9,810	4,600	5,210	8.7	8.2	9.1
Neither English nor French	2,495	1,170	1,325	2.2	2.1	2.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	113,375	56,310	57,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	105,065	52,125	52,945	92.7	92.6	92.8
Official languages	70,380	34,930	35,450	62.1	62.0	62.1
English	17,735	9,090	8,640	15.6	16.1	15.1
French	52,650	25,840	26,805	46.4	45.9	47.0
Non-official languages	34,680	17,190	17,495	30.6	30.5	30.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	34,655	17,180	17,475	30.6	30.5	30.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,005	3,355	2,650	5.3	6.0	4.6
Berber languages	320	185	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kabyle	265	150	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamazight	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	5,615	3,140	2,480	5.0	5.6	4.3
Amharic	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	5,170	2,910	2,265	4.6	5.2	4.0
Aramaic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	380	200	185	0.3	0.4	0.3
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	875	400	480	0.8	0.7	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	815	370	445	0.7	0.7	0.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,745	680	1,070	1.5	1.2	1.9
Bikol	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	130	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	160	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,210	470	745	1.1	0.8	1.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	450	215	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian Creole	300	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	880	505	375	0.8	0.9	0.7
Kannada	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	210	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	470	240	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Telugu	185	145	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	21,530	10,620	10,905	19.0	18.9	19.1
Albanian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	2,205	970	1,240	1.9	1.7	2.2
Baltic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,190	955	1,230	1.9	1.7	2.2
Belarusian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	345	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Czech	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	290	115	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	1,075	455	620	0.9	0.8	1.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	140	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	120	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	6,555	3,365	3,190	5.8	6.0	5.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	6,355	3,275	3,085	5.6	5.8	5.4
German	395	185	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	5,885	3,045	2,840	5.2	5.4	5.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	1,220	605	615	1.1	1.1	1.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,655	2,005	1,650	3.2	3.6	2.9
Indo-Aryan languages	1,940	1,145	795	1.7	2.0	1.4
Assamese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	385	210	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Gujarati	500	300	200	0.4	0.5	0.4
Hindi	265	180	85	0.2	0.3	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	555	330	220	0.5	0.6	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,715	860	860	1.5	1.5	1.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	1,675	830	840	1.5	1.5	1.5
Dari	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	1,500	745	755	1.3	1.3	1.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	155	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,675	3,580	4,090	6.8	6.4	7.2
Catalan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	695	330	365	0.6	0.6	0.6
Portuguese	1,690	775	920	1.5	1.4	1.6
Romanian	975	420	555	0.9	0.7	1.0
Spanish	4,260	2,035	2,225	3.8	3.6	3.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	185	55	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	225	80	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	605	335	265	0.5	0.6	0.5
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	145	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yoruba	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,445	605	840	1.3	1.1	1.5
Chinese languages	1,430	595	835	1.3	1.1	1.5
Hakka	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	910	385	530	0.8	0.7	0.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	400	160	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	240	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	190	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	320	135	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Estonian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	290	125	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	8,315	4,190	4,120	7.3	7.4	7.2
English and French	2,565	1,320	1,245	2.3	2.3	2.2
English and non-official language(s)	2,255	1,090	1,170	2.0	1.9	2.1
French and non-official language(s)	2,445	1,260	1,185	2.2	2.2	2.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	765	395	370	0.7	0.7	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	280	130	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	113,375	56,310	57,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	17,165	8,785	8,380	15.1	15.6	14.7
French	46,055	22,590	23,465	40.6	40.1	41.1
Non-official language	12,575	6,295	6,280	11.1	11.2	11.0
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	12,570	6,295	6,275	11.1	11.2	11.0
English and French	12,255	6,230	6,020	10.8	11.1	10.6
English and non-official language(s)	9,360	4,695	4,660	8.3	8.3	8.2
French and non-official language(s)	7,155	3,400	3,760	6.3	6.0	6.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	8,200	4,020	4,180	7.2	7.1	7.3
Multiple non-official languages	615	290	325	0.5	0.5	0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	113,375	56,310	57,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	104,130	51,775	52,355	91.8	91.9	91.8
Official languages	82,895	41,225	41,670	73.1	73.2	73.0
English	25,770	13,095	12,675	22.7	23.3	22.2
French	57,125	28,135	28,990	50.4	50.0	50.8
Non-official languages	21,235	10,550	10,690	18.7	18.7	18.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	21,220	10,545	10,675	18.7	18.7	18.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,795	1,540	1,250	2.5	2.7	2.2
Berber languages	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,640	1,460	1,180	2.3	2.6	2.1
Amharic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,375	1,320	1,060	2.1	2.3	1.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	240	130	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	555	255	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	525	245	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,145	480	665	1.0	0.9	1.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	875	370	510	0.8	0.7	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	200	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	620	340	285	0.5	0.6	0.5
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	350	175	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Telugu	115	85	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	14,330	7,120	7,215	12.6	12.6	12.6
Albanian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,125	505	615	1.0	0.9	1.1
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,120	510	610	1.0	0.9	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	680	290	390	0.6	0.5	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5,595	2,935	2,660	4.9	5.2	4.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5,560	2,920	2,645	4.9	5.2	4.6
German	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5,470	2,875	2,590	4.8	5.1	4.5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	665	305	355	0.6	0.5	0.6
Indo-Iranian languages	2,650	1,395	1,255	2.3	2.5	2.2
Indo-Aryan languages	1,330	750	580	1.2	1.3	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	250	135	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	345	195	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	170	110	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	425	240	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,325	645	675	1.2	1.1	1.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	1,295	635	660	1.1	1.1	1.2
Dari	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	1,180	575	610	1.0	1.0	1.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,215	1,930	2,285	3.7	3.4	4.0
Catalan	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	195	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	990	425	570	0.9	0.8	1.0
Romanian	525	225	295	0.5	0.4	0.5
Spanish	2,480	1,180	1,300	2.2	2.1	2.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	190	115	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	905	390	515	0.8	0.7	0.9
Chinese languages	900	380	515	0.8	0.7	0.9
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	615	280	335	0.5	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	225	80	145	0.2	0.1	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	9,245	4,535	4,710	8.2	8.1	8.3
English and French	3,350	1,695	1,655	3.0	3.0	2.9
English and non-official language(s)	2,550	1,240	1,310	2.2	2.2	2.3
French and non-official language(s)	2,255	1,070	1,185	2.0	1.9	2.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,005	500	510	0.9	0.9	0.9
Multiple non-official languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	113,375	56,310	57,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	82,705	41,085	41,620	72.9	73.0	72.9
English	9,790	4,960	4,825	8.6	8.8	8.5
French	6,350	3,110	3,245	5.6	5.5	5.7
Non-official language	7,630	3,680	3,945	6.7	6.5	6.9
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	7,620	3,680	3,945	6.7	6.5	6.9
English and French	1,720	830	890	1.5	1.5	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	2,570	1,310	1,260	2.3	2.3	2.2
French and non-official language(s)	1,635	795	835	1.4	1.4	1.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	760	430	325	0.7	0.8	0.6
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	112,445	55,910	56,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	109,870	54,715	55,155	97.7	97.9	97.6
English	93,500	47,255	46,245	83.2	84.5	81.8
French	90,715	44,110	46,605	80.7	78.9	82.4
Non-official languages	58,130	28,330	29,800	51.7	50.7	52.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	58,105	28,315	29,790	51.7	50.6	52.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	11,645	6,405	5,235	10.4	11.5	9.3
Berber languages	500	285	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kabyle	410	235	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tamazight	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hausa	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	11,335	6,240	5,100	10.1	11.2	9.0
Amharic	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	9,435	5,180	4,255	8.4	9.3	7.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	1,865	1,050	815	1.7	1.9	1.4
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,130	505	625	1.0	0.9	1.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	1,050	475	575	0.9	0.8	1.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,795	1,150	1,640	2.5	2.1	2.9
Bikol	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	280	105	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	135	35	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ilocano	385	190	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indonesian	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Merina	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,530	1,015	1,510	2.2	1.8	2.7
Waray-Waray	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	1,470	650	815	1.3	1.2	1.4
Haitian Creole	1,155	505	650	1.0	0.9	1.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dravidian languages	1,140	645	490	1.0	1.2	0.9
Kannada	75	60	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malayalam	200	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	725	380	350	0.6	0.7	0.6
Telugu	250	185	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	38,335	18,405	19,930	34.1	32.9	35.3
Albanian	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	245	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	3,265	1,500	1,770	2.9	2.7	3.1
Baltic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,235	1,475	1,760	2.9	2.6	3.1
Belarusian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	405	190	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Czech	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	490	210	280	0.4	0.4	0.5
Russian	1,900	900	1,005	1.7	1.6	1.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	365	170	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Bosnian	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatian	185	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	225	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	350	135	210	0.3	0.2	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10,435	5,375	5,060	9.3	9.6	9.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10,020	5,205	4,820	8.9	9.3	8.5
German	2,560	1,345	1,215	2.3	2.4	2.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	7,500	3,890	3,610	6.7	7.0	6.4
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	280	140	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Afrikaans	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	245	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	305	125	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	1,670	815	855	1.5	1.5	1.5
Indo-Iranian languages	5,220	2,755	2,460	4.6	4.9	4.4
Indo-Aryan languages	3,180	1,815	1,365	2.8	3.2	2.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	740	405	335	0.7	0.7	0.6
Gujarati	645	385	260	0.6	0.7	0.5
Hindi	1,850	1,090	765	1.6	1.9	1.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	885	515	365	0.8	0.9	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	2,050	950	1,100	1.8	1.7	1.9
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	2,020	935	1,090	1.8	1.7	1.9
Dari	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	1,855	865	990	1.6	1.5	1.8
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	155	50	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	19,620	8,880	10,740	17.4	15.9	19.0
Catalan	215	140	75	0.2	0.3	0.1
Italian	3,010	1,315	1,690	2.7	2.4	3.0
Portuguese	2,615	1,260	1,350	2.3	2.3	2.4
Romanian	1,240	485	760	1.1	0.9	1.3
Spanish	14,705	6,670	8,040	13.1	11.9	14.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	540	250	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
Korean	350	150	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,610	925	685	1.4	1.7	1.2
Akan (Twi)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	180	130	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Edo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	170	100	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	100	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wolof	420	215	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Yoruba	105	80	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	365	200	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Nilo-Saharan languages	75	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	75	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,075	890	1,185	1.8	1.6	2.1
Chinese languages	2,040	875	1,170	1.8	1.6	2.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,560	685	875	1.4	1.2	1.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	560	230	330	0.5	0.4	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	255	105	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lao	170	80	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Thai	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	465	225	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Azerbaijani	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	405	195	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	460	230	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	415	210	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	112,445	55,910	56,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	795	380	410	0.7	0.7	0.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	745	350	390	0.7	0.6	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	410	180	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Métis	315	160	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuk (Inuit)	25	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	111,655	55,535	56,120	99.3	99.3	99.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	112,445	55,910	56,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	112,290	55,835	56,455	99.9	99.9	99.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	54,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	15,640	...	...	28.7	...	...
Renter	38,895	...	...	71.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	54,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	12,475	...	...	22.9	...	...
Not condominium	42,060	...	...	77.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	54,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	1,795	...	...	3.3	...	...
1 bedroom	20,650	...	...	37.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	18,435	...	...	33.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,980	...	...	16.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,675	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	54,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	33,885	...	...	62.1	...	...
5 rooms	8,420	...	...	15.4	...	...
6 rooms	5,100	...	...	9.4	...	...
7 rooms	3,230	...	...	5.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,895	...	...	7.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	54,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	52,535	...	...	96.3	...	...
More than one person per room	1,995	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	54,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	49,600	...	...	91.0	...	...
Not suitable	4,935	...	...	9.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	54,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	27,990	...	...	51.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,475	...	...	24.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,455	...	...	8.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,025	...	...	7.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,455	...	...	2.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,190	...	...	2.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	995	...	...	1.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	960	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	54,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	49,125	...	...	90.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	5,410	...	...	9.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	54,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	32,925	...	...	60.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,005	...	...	34.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,600	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	54,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	5,525	...	...	10.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	12,735	...	...	23.4	...	...
35 to 44 years	10,030	...	...	18.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,935	...	...	14.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,980	...	...	12.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,225	...	...	11.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,600	...	...	6.6	...	...
85 years and over	1,515	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	53,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	37,220	...	...	69.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	16,455	...	...	30.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	13,790	...	...	25.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	54,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	23,800	...	...	43.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	13,945	...	...	25.6	...	...
Not suitable only	3,545	...	...	6.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,400	...	...	6.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	910	...	...	1.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,525	...	...	2.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	405	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
Acceptable housing	30,730	...	...	56.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	51,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,300	...	...	10.4	...	...
Not in core need	45,720	...	...	89.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	15,640	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.8	...	...	55.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.4	...	...	20.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,590	...	...	1,590	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,892	...	...	1,892	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	700,000	...	...	700,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	884,000	...	...	884,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	38,895	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.8	...	...	34.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.3	...	...	13.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,117	...	...	1,117	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	112,445	55,910	56,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	330	150	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	330	150	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	280	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Métis single ancestry	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,660	755	910	1.5	1.4	1.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,655	755	910	1.5	1.4	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,480	650	835	1.3	1.2	1.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	170	100	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	110,455	55,010	55,450	98.2	98.4	98.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	112,445	55,910	56,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	85,670	41,665	44,000	76.2	74.5	77.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,410	9,405	9,010	16.4	16.8	15.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	67,255	32,265	34,995	59.8	57.7	61.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	26,775	14,245	12,530	23.8	25.5	22.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	112,445	55,910	56,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	61,475	30,045	31,430	54.7	53.7	55.6
Immigrants⁸¹	35,675	17,545	18,130	31.7	31.4	32.1
Before 1980	5,570	2,505	3,055	5.0	4.5	5.4
1980 to 1990	3,100	1,510	1,585	2.8	2.7	2.8
1991 to 2000	5,230	2,430	2,800	4.7	4.3	5.0
2001 to 2010	8,335	4,160	4,175	7.4	7.4	7.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	13,450	6,940	6,510	12.0	12.4	11.5
2011 to 2015	5,415	2,755	2,660	4.8	4.9	4.7
2016 to 2021	8,035	4,185	3,850	7.1	7.5	6.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	15,295	8,325	6,970	13.6	14.9	12.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	35,675	17,545	18,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,895	1,510	1,380	8.1	8.6	7.6
5 to 14 years	4,970	2,500	2,475	13.9	14.2	13.7
15 to 24 years	6,020	3,030	2,990	16.9	17.3	16.5
25 to 44 years	19,095	9,330	9,770	53.5	53.2	53.9
45 years and over	2,690	1,180	1,515	7.5	6.7	8.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	35,675	17,545	18,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	6,585	3,390	3,195	18.5	19.3	17.6
Brazil	275	135	140	0.8	0.8	0.8
Colombia	645	295	350	1.8	1.7	1.9
El Salvador	175	80	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Guyana	55	45	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Haiti	760	335	430	2.1	1.9	2.4
Jamaica	105	45	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mexico	570	315	250	1.6	1.8	1.4
Peru	315	170	145	0.9	1.0	0.8
Trinidad and Tobago	100	45	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
United States of America	2,085	1,300	790	5.8	7.4	4.4
Other places of birth in Americas	1,495	620	875	4.2	3.5	4.8
Europe	12,230	5,915	6,310	34.3	33.7	34.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	75	45	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Croatia	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	5,490	2,740	2,745	15.4	15.6	15.1
Germany	280	170	110	0.8	1.0	0.6
Greece	710	320	390	2.0	1.8	2.2
Hungary	215	115	100	0.6	0.7	0.6
Italy	345	165	180	1.0	0.9	1.0
Netherlands	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Poland	275	120	160	0.8	0.7	0.9
Portugal	730	340	390	2.0	1.9	2.2
Romania	945	360	585	2.6	2.1	3.2
Russian Federation	540	185	350	1.5	1.1	1.9
Serbia⁸⁶	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	310	145	170	0.9	0.8	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	475	295	175	1.3	1.7	1.0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,660	825	835	4.7	4.7	4.6
Africa	7,020	3,605	3,415	19.7	20.5	18.8
Algeria	1,435	700	735	4.0	4.0	4.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	115	45	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
Egypt	270	140	135	0.8	0.8	0.7
Eritrea	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	75	50	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Morocco	2,235	1,105	1,130	6.3	6.3	6.2
Nigeria	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Somalia	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	2,780	1,505	1,270	7.8	8.6	7.0
Asia	9,730	4,550	5,180	27.3	25.9	28.6
Afghanistan	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	1,035	480	555	2.9	2.7	3.1
Iraq	70	50	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Lebanon	1,075	580	490	3.0	3.3	2.7
Syria⁸⁹	330	170	160	0.9	1.0	0.9
Turkey	170	75	95	0.5	0.4	0.5
China⁹⁰	775	315	465	2.2	1.8	2.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	100	35	65	0.3	0.2	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	185	65	120	0.5	0.4	0.7
Taiwan	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	2,435	1,010	1,425	6.8	5.8	7.9
Viet Nam	760	350	410	2.1	2.0	2.3
Bangladesh	330	165	160	0.9	0.9	0.9
India	635	380	250	1.8	2.2	1.4
Pakistan	75	30	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Sri Lanka	320	145	180	0.9	0.8	1.0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,375	680	700	3.9	3.9	3.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	110	90	25	0.3	0.5	0.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	8,035	4,185	3,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,135	630	505	14.1	15.1	13.1
Brazil	100	40	60	1.2	1.0	1.6
Colombia	110	55	55	1.4	1.3	1.4
Haiti	75	50	25	0.9	1.2	0.6
Jamaica	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Mexico	80	45	30	1.0	1.1	0.8
United States of America	490	315	175	6.1	7.5	4.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	90	30	55	1.1	0.7	1.4
Other places of birth in Americas	180	80	105	2.2	1.9	2.7
Europe	2,400	1,210	1,195	29.9	28.9	31.0
France	1,735	875	860	21.6	20.9	22.3
Germany	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Italy	45	20	25	0.6	0.5	0.6
Russian Federation	80	30	50	1.0	0.7	1.3
Ukraine	75	25	45	0.9	0.6	1.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	100	55	45	1.2	1.3	1.2
Other places of birth in Europe	325	160	155	4.0	3.8	4.0
Africa	1,995	1,045	945	24.8	25.0	24.5
Algeria	360	180	175	4.5	4.3	4.5
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	160	75	90	2.0	1.8	2.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	55	25	30	0.7	0.6	0.8
Egypt	35	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	470	235	235	5.8	5.6	6.1
Nigeria	40	10	30	0.5	0.2	0.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	425	240	180	5.3	5.7	4.7
Other places of birth in Africa	400	220	180	5.0	5.3	4.7
Asia	2,450	1,260	1,190	30.5	30.1	30.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	55	25	25	0.7	0.6	0.6
China⁹⁰	180	80	100	2.2	1.9	2.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	430	275	155	5.4	6.6	4.0
Iran⁸⁸	360	155	205	4.5	3.7	5.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	45	40	0	0.6	1.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	50	25	30	0.6	0.6	0.8
Lebanon	105	45	50	1.3	1.1	1.3
Nepal	35	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.4
Pakistan	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Philippines	815	390	425	10.1	9.3	11.0
Saudi Arabia	40	40	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	75	60	25	0.9	1.4	0.6
Turkey	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
United Arab Emirates	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Viet Nam	45	15	30	0.6	0.4	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	120	50	70	1.5	1.2	1.8
Oceania and other⁹³	60	45	10	0.7	1.1	0.3
Australia	25	25	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	30	20	10	0.4	0.5	0.3
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	112,440	55,915	56,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	53,565	27,160	26,400	47.6	48.6	46.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	25,125	12,280	12,845	22.3	22.0	22.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	33,755	16,470	17,285	30.0	29.5	30.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	30,110	15,040	15,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	20,065	10,010	10,060	66.6	66.6	66.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	10,820	5,710	5,110	35.9	38.0	33.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	9,240	4,300	4,945	30.7	28.6	32.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	7,035	3,485	3,550	23.4	23.2	23.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,680	1,390	1,285	8.9	9.2	8.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	330	150	180	1.1	1.0	1.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	30,110	15,040	15,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,755	890	865	5.8	5.9	5.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	4,870	2,245	2,625	16.2	14.9	17.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,335	685	650	4.4	4.6	4.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,720	1,505	1,215	9.0	10.0	8.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	235	145	85	0.8	1.0	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	19,195	9,565	9,630	63.7	63.6	63.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	112,445	55,910	56,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	34,465	17,245	17,220	30.7	30.8	30.5
South Asian	4,430	2,470	1,960	3.9	4.4	3.5
Chinese	2,150	900	1,250	1.9	1.6	2.2
Black	7,125	3,645	3,480	6.3	6.5	6.2
Filipino	3,190	1,415	1,775	2.8	2.5	3.1
Arab	7,610	4,115	3,490	6.8	7.4	6.2
Latin American	3,955	1,945	2,010	3.5	3.5	3.6
Southeast Asian	1,915	920	995	1.7	1.6	1.8
West Asian	1,915	860	1,050	1.7	1.5	1.9
Korean	385	160	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
Japanese	365	150	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	360	165	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Multiple visible minorities	1,065	505	565	0.9	0.9	1.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	77,975	38,665	39,310	69.3	69.2	69.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	112,445	55,910	56,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	10,405	5,030	5,380	9.3	9.0	9.5
English	4,135	2,210	1,920	3.7	4.0	3.4
Irish	5,765	2,650	3,115	5.1	4.7	5.5
Scottish	3,865	1,895	1,970	3.4	3.4	3.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	28,245	13,930	14,320	25.1	24.9	25.3
German	3,465	1,630	1,835	3.1	2.9	3.2
Chinese	2,495	1,050	1,445	2.2	1.9	2.6
Italian	4,730	2,225	2,505	4.2	4.0	4.4
Indian (India)	2,435	1,385	1,050	2.2	2.5	1.9
Ukrainian	1,215	560	650	1.1	1.0	1.1
Dutch	825	410	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Polish	2,535	1,225	1,310	2.3	2.2	2.3
Québécois	5,165	2,665	2,500	4.6	4.8	4.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,245	720	525	1.1	1.3	0.9
Filipino	3,040	1,370	1,665	2.7	2.5	2.9
French Canadian	3,450	1,690	1,760	3.1	3.0	3.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,575	800	775	1.4	1.4	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	870	405	460	0.8	0.7	0.8
Métis	205	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,815	1,520	1,300	2.5	2.7	2.3
Russian	2,085	930	1,155	1.9	1.7	2.0
Norwegian	270	125	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Welsh	365	170	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	2,025	995	1,030	1.8	1.8	1.8
American	1,905	985	920	1.7	1.8	1.6
Spanish	3,055	1,570	1,485	2.7	2.8	2.6
Swedish	430	200	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hungarian	2,290	1,165	1,130	2.0	2.1	2.0
Acadian	650	320	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Pakistani	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,530	820	710	1.4	1.5	1.3
Jewish	8,800	4,315	4,485	7.8	7.7	7.9
Punjabi	260	165	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Vietnamese	1,435	640	790	1.3	1.1	1.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	3,070	1,645	1,425	2.7	2.9	2.5
Greek	2,150	1,075	1,075	1.9	1.9	1.9
Jamaican	315	160	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	540	255	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	370	155	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Romanian	1,755	745	1,010	1.6	1.3	1.8
Lebanese	2,045	1,050	1,000	1.8	1.9	1.8
Iranian	1,695	785	910	1.5	1.4	1.6
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	550	265	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Danish	255	90	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sikh	180	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Austrian	375	190	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belgian	1,325	655	675	1.2	1.2	1.2
Haitian	1,540	680	860	1.4	1.2	1.5
Hindu	405	255	140	0.4	0.5	0.2
Mexican	975	535	440	0.9	1.0	0.8
Mennonite	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Swiss	900	510	385	0.8	0.9	0.7
Finnish	120	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	410	195	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Croatian	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	445	205	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	565	310	255	0.5	0.6	0.5
Egyptian	675	320	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	610	310	305	0.5	0.6	0.5
Tamil	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Icelandic	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	890	445	445	0.8	0.8	0.8
Moroccan	3,005	1,635	1,365	2.7	2.9	2.4
Czech	300	85	215	0.3	0.2	0.4
Syrian	520	245	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
Guyanese	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afghan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	315	140	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbian	210	80	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ojibway	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	450	235	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	150	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Turkish	495	255	235	0.4	0.5	0.4
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	430	240	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Algerian	1,680	895	790	1.5	1.6	1.4
Brazilian	590	250	345	0.5	0.4	0.6
Nigerian	105	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	585	250	325	0.5	0.4	0.6
Slovak	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	530	295	235	0.5	0.5	0.4
Somali	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	125	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Salvadorean	290	120	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
African Caribbean	285	125	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	280	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	350	160	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquin	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lithuanian	215	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	105	75	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	230	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chilean	505	230	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Congolese	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nova Scotian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	90	65	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	225	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	375	195	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Yoruba	95	85	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	115	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	910	490	420	0.8	0.9	0.7
Albanian	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	110	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	255	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	560	300	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mohawk	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	455	200	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	75	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
African American	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	85	70	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	1,100	605	495	1.0	1.1	0.9
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	125	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	240	90	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	80	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cameroonian	450	225	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guatemalan	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	210	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Franco Ontarian	70	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Argentinian	245	145	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Estonian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Thai	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	170	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nepali	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	310	175	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Assyrian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	445	210	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania Dutch	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	55	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	435	230	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Huron (Wendat)	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	220	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mauritian	100	80	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kenyan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	105	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jordanian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	395	170	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Azerbaijani	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sicilian	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tibetan	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Basque	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igorot	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	165	100	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	210	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	160	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	112,445	55,910	56,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,085	505	585	1.0	0.9	1.0
Christian	40,370	18,465	21,905	35.9	33.0	38.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,205	2,005	2,195	3.7	3.6	3.9
Anabaptist	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	560	230	325	0.5	0.4	0.6
Baptist	255	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	29,455	13,385	16,075	26.2	23.9	28.4
Christian Orthodox	3,765	1,715	2,055	3.3	3.1	3.6
Jehovah's Witness	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latter Day Saints	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	335	180	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Presbyterian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Reformed	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	150	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,065	490	575	0.9	0.9	1.0
Hindu	2,195	1,295	910	2.0	2.3	1.6
Jewish	12,305	6,160	6,140	10.9	11.0	10.9
Muslim	11,690	6,285	5,410	10.4	11.2	9.6
Sikh	585	320	265	0.5	0.6	0.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	640	305	340	0.6	0.5	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	43,550	22,575	20,980	38.7	40.4	37.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	111,320	55,315	56,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	90,590	44,835	45,755	81.4	81.1	81.7
Movers	20,730	10,485	10,250	18.6	19.0	18.3
Non-migrants	14,810	7,480	7,330	13.3	13.5	13.1
Migrants	5,925	3,005	2,920	5.3	5.4	5.2
Internal migrants	2,475	1,245	1,230	2.2	2.3	2.2
Intraprovincial migrants	1,425	725	695	1.3	1.3	1.2
Interprovincial migrants	1,050	520	530	0.9	0.9	0.9
External migrants	3,450	1,765	1,685	3.1	3.2	3.0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	106,730	53,045	53,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	50,720	24,490	26,225	47.5	46.2	48.8
Movers	56,015	28,550	27,465	52.5	53.8	51.2
Non-migrants	25,620	12,665	12,955	24.0	23.9	24.1
Migrants	30,395	15,885	14,510	28.5	29.9	27.0
Internal migrants	11,410	5,605	5,805	10.7	10.6	10.8
Intraprovincial migrants	7,980	4,005	3,980	7.5	7.6	7.4
Interprovincial migrants	3,435	1,610	1,825	3.2	3.0	3.4
External migrants	18,985	10,280	8,705	17.8	19.4	16.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,805	46,900	47,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,265	4,835	4,435	9.8	10.3	9.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	85,535	42,070	43,470	90.2	89.7	90.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,335	31,270	30,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,405	1,995	1,410	5.6	6.4	4.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	57,925	29,270	28,655	94.4	93.6	95.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,805	46,905	47,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,540	4,405	4,140	9.0	9.4	8.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,880	7,925	6,950	15.7	16.9	14.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	71,385	34,570	36,815	75.3	73.7	76.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,855	10,290	10,565	22.0	21.9	22.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,080	2,320	1,760	4.3	4.9	3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,975	1,580	1,395	3.1	3.4	2.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,105	740	365	1.2	1.6	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,120	6,365	6,755	13.8	13.6	14.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,655	1,600	2,050	3.9	3.4	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	50,535	24,280	26,255	53.3	51.8	54.8
Bachelor's degree	24,005	11,280	12,720	25.3	24.0	26.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,380	2,105	2,280	4.6	4.5	4.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,795	865	925	1.9	1.8	1.9
Master's degree	16,175	7,830	8,340	17.1	16.7	17.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	4,180	2,195	1,980	4.4	4.7	4.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,335	31,270	30,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,940	1,700	1,240	4.8	5.4	4.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,465	3,840	2,625	10.5	12.3	8.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	51,925	25,725	26,200	84.7	82.3	87.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,555	6,580	5,970	20.5	21.0	19.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,910	1,735	1,170	4.7	5.5	3.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,115	1,175	940	3.4	3.8	3.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	795	560	235	1.3	1.8	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,275	3,710	3,570	11.9	11.9	11.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,365	1,140	1,225	3.9	3.6	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	39,370	19,140	20,230	64.2	61.2	67.3
Bachelor's degree	17,765	8,650	9,115	29.0	27.7	30.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,440	1,675	1,765	5.6	5.4	5.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,280	550	730	2.1	1.8	2.4
Master's degree	13,545	6,600	6,950	22.1	21.1	23.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	3,340	1,665	1,675	5.4	5.3	5.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	94,810	46,905	47,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,420	12,335	11,085	24.7	26.3	23.1
Education	2,860	670	2,190	3.0	1.4	4.6
13. Education	2,860	670	2,190	3.0	1.4	4.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,720	3,105	3,615	7.1	6.6	7.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	585	390	200	0.6	0.8	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	6,130	2,720	3,415	6.5	5.8	7.1
Humanities	6,960	2,840	4,125	7.3	6.1	8.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	1,435	390	1,045	1.5	0.8	2.2
23. English language and literature/letters	715	255	460	0.8	0.5	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,080	900	1,180	2.2	1.9	2.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	635	390	245	0.7	0.8	0.5
39. Theology and religious vocations	180	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	580	335	245	0.6	0.7	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	1,280	440	840	1.4	0.9	1.8
Social and behavioural sciences and law	12,380	4,695	7,685	13.1	10.0	16.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	220	70	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,045	700	1,345	2.2	1.5	2.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	900	140	765	0.9	0.3	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	2,245	1,030	1,220	2.4	2.2	2.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	430	130	300	0.5	0.3	0.6
42. Psychology	1,745	380	1,365	1.8	0.8	2.8
45. Social sciences	4,790	2,250	2,545	5.1	4.8	5.3
Business, management and public administration	13,910	6,885	7,030	14.7	14.7	14.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	765	205	565	0.8	0.4	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	13,120	6,665	6,455	13.8	14.2	13.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,805	2,465	2,340	5.1	5.3	4.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,110	815	1,295	2.2	1.7	2.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	805	480	325	0.8	1.0	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	530	300	235	0.6	0.6	0.5
40. Physical sciences	1,245	810	430	1.3	1.7	0.9
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,585	3,275	1,305	4.8	7.0	2.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,505	2,645	860	3.7	5.6	1.8
25. Library science	235	40	190	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	685	465	220	0.7	1.0	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	165	125	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,730	7,230	2,500	10.3	15.4	5.2
04. Architecture and related services	1,405	675	730	1.5	1.4	1.5
14. Engineering	6,020	4,570	1,455	6.3	9.7	3.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,060	850	205	1.1	1.8	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	505	475	35	0.5	1.0	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	430	400	30	0.5	0.9	0.1
48. Precision production	295	265	35	0.3	0.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	665	305	355	0.7	0.7	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	355	195	160	0.4	0.4	0.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	310	110	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
Health and related fields	7,160	2,200	4,955	7.6	4.7	10.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	345	190	150	0.4	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,000	1,580	4,420	6.3	3.4	9.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	40	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	775	405	370	0.8	0.9	0.8
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,610	900	710	1.7	1.9	1.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,155	505	645	1.2	1.1	1.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	180	145	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	255	230	30	0.3	0.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	61,330	31,265	30,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,410	5,545	3,865	15.3	17.7	12.9
Education	1,815	450	1,365	3.0	1.4	4.5
13. Education	1,815	450	1,365	3.0	1.4	4.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	5,170	2,505	2,670	8.4	8.0	8.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	490	320	160	0.8	1.0	0.5
50. Visual and performing arts	4,680	2,180	2,505	7.6	7.0	8.3
Humanities	3,920	1,660	2,265	6.4	5.3	7.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	935	270	665	1.5	0.9	2.2
23. English language and literature/letters	545	200	340	0.9	0.6	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	900	435	470	1.5	1.4	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	395	240	155	0.6	0.8	0.5
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	405	230	180	0.7	0.7	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	615	205	410	1.0	0.7	1.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,950	3,395	5,555	14.6	10.9	18.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	165	60	110	0.3	0.2	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,670	570	1,105	2.7	1.8	3.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	660	115	545	1.1	0.4	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	1,695	745	955	2.8	2.4	3.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	280	85	190	0.5	0.3	0.6
42. Psychology	1,180	255	925	1.9	0.8	3.1
45. Social sciences	3,295	1,570	1,725	5.4	5.0	5.7
Business, management and public administration	10,885	5,355	5,525	17.7	17.1	18.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	545	170	380	0.9	0.5	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,320	5,175	5,140	16.8	16.6	17.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,065	1,550	1,515	5.0	5.0	5.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,730	680	1,050	2.8	2.2	3.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	265	165	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	90	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	940	620	325	1.5	2.0	1.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,540	2,540	995	5.8	8.1	3.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,840	2,140	700	4.6	6.8	2.3
25. Library science	140	35	105	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	465	300	165	0.8	1.0	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	90	65	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,725	5,750	1,980	12.6	18.4	6.6
04. Architecture and related services	1,180	565	610	1.9	1.8	2.0
14. Engineering	4,885	3,705	1,180	8.0	11.9	3.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	735	625	110	1.2	2.0	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	370	350	20	0.6	1.1	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	355	325	25	0.6	1.0	0.1
48. Precision production	200	175	30	0.3	0.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	540	220	320	0.9	0.7	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	275	130	145	0.4	0.4	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	265	90	175	0.4	0.3	0.6
Health and related fields	5,110	1,605	3,505	8.3	5.1	11.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	250	140	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,300	1,225	3,075	7.0	3.9	10.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	525	225	300	0.9	0.7	1.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,205	700	510	2.0	2.2	1.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	845	375	470	1.4	1.2	1.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	140	120	25	0.2	0.4	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	215	200	15	0.4	0.6	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	61,330	31,265	30,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,410	5,545	3,865	15.3	17.7	12.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	51,920	25,725	26,200	84.7	82.3	87.1
Location of study inside Canada	33,130	16,200	16,930	54.0	51.8	56.3
Same as province or territory of residence	30,200	14,685	15,510	49.2	47.0	51.6
Different than province or territory of residence	2,930	1,515	1,415	4.8	4.8	4.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	18,795	9,525	9,270	30.6	30.5	30.8
Americas	3,180	1,585	1,595	5.2	5.1	5.3
United States of America	1,615	855	760	2.6	2.7	2.5
Mexico	315	155	170	0.5	0.5	0.6
Cuba	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	305	130	175	0.5	0.4	0.6
Colombia	345	165	180	0.6	0.5	0.6
Peru	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	145	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other locations of study in Americas	265	140	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Europe	8,750	4,545	4,205	14.3	14.5	14.0
Belgium	245	105	145	0.4	0.3	0.5
France	5,945	3,180	2,765	9.7	10.2	9.2
Germany	150	100	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Netherlands	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	195	115	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hungary	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	245	105	145	0.4	0.3	0.5
Russian Federation	220	90	130	0.4	0.3	0.4
Ukraine	100	45	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	745	370	375	1.2	1.2	1.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	160	75	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	515	255	265	0.8	0.8	0.9
Africa	2,330	1,300	1,030	3.8	4.2	3.4
Nigeria	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	555	300	255	0.9	1.0	0.8
Morocco	565	265	300	0.9	0.8	1.0
Tunisia	485	295	195	0.8	0.9	0.6
Egypt	105	65	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	530	330	200	0.9	1.1	0.7
Asia	4,410	2,015	2,400	7.2	6.4	8.0
Iran⁸⁸	885	390	490	1.4	1.2	1.6
Iraq	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	60	50	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Lebanon	280	135	145	0.5	0.4	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	340	155	185	0.6	0.5	0.6
Taiwan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Japan	130	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	105	40	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Philippines	1,190	440	750	1.9	1.4	2.5
Viet Nam	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bangladesh	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lanka	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	780	445	335	1.3	1.4	1.1
Pakistan	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	210	110	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
Oceania	135	80	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australia	105	70	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	94,810	46,905	47,905	...	...	...
In the labour force	65,415	33,760	31,655	...	...	...
Employed	57,920	29,905	28,015	...	...	...
Unemployed	7,495	3,850	3,640	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	29,390	13,150	16,245	...	...	...
Participation rate	69.0	72.0	66.1	69.0	72.0	66.1
Employment rate	61.1	63.8	58.5	61.1	63.8	58.5
Unemployment rate	11.5	11.4	11.5	11.5	11.4	11.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	94,810	46,905	47,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	29,695	13,430	16,270	31.3	28.6	34.0
Worked	65,110	33,475	31,635	68.7	71.4	66.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	28,610	15,825	12,785	30.2	33.7	26.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	36,500	17,650	18,855	38.5	37.6	39.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	38.3	38.9	37.6	38.3	38.9	37.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	65,410	33,755	31,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,985	960	1,030	3.0	2.8	3.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	63,430	32,800	30,630	97.0	97.2	96.8
Employee	52,295	26,355	25,940	79.9	78.1	81.9
Permanent position	39,215	20,265	18,955	60.0	60.0	59.9
Temporary position	13,085	6,095	6,985	20.0	18.1	22.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	5,495	2,365	3,130	8.4	7.0	9.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,590	3,730	3,855	11.6	11.1	12.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	11,135	6,445	4,690	17.0	19.1	14.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	65,410	33,755	31,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,985	960	1,030	3.0	2.8	3.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	63,430	32,800	30,630	97.0	97.2	96.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,410	945	460	2.2	2.8	1.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,180	4,910	7,275	18.6	14.5	23.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	7,950	5,680	2,275	12.2	16.8	7.2
3 Health occupations	4,880	1,555	3,325	7.5	4.6	10.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10,920	4,280	6,640	16.7	12.7	21.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	6,560	3,315	3,250	10.0	9.8	10.3
6 Sales and service occupations	13,725	7,380	6,350	21.0	21.9	20.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,755	3,310	445	5.7	9.8	1.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	360	230	135	0.6	0.7	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,685	1,200	485	2.6	3.6	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	65,410	33,755	31,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,985	960	1,030	3.0	2.8	3.3
All industries¹⁹¹	63,430	32,800	30,630	97.0	97.2	96.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	270	135	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
22 Utilities	225	130	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
23 Construction	1,335	1,075	260	2.0	3.2	0.8
31-33 Manufacturing	3,835	2,450	1,380	5.9	7.3	4.4
41 Wholesale trade	1,830	1,070	765	2.8	3.2	2.4
44-45 Retail trade	5,710	2,980	2,730	8.7	8.8	8.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,155	1,650	510	3.3	4.9	1.6
51 Information and cultural industries	3,975	2,425	1,560	6.1	7.2	4.9
52 Finance and insurance	3,180	1,905	1,280	4.9	5.6	4.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,335	785	555	2.0	2.3	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	10,370	5,975	4,395	15.9	17.7	13.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,460	1,475	985	3.8	4.4	3.1
61 Educational services	8,335	3,295	5,035	12.7	9.8	15.9
62 Health care and social assistance	7,650	2,445	5,205	11.7	7.2	16.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,260	1,115	1,140	3.5	3.3	3.6
72 Accommodation and food services	3,795	2,075	1,715	5.8	6.1	5.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,510	770	1,750	3.8	2.3	5.5
91 Public administration	2,005	940	1,065	3.1	2.8	3.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	70,460	36,220	34,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	15,220	8,090	7,130	21.6	22.3	20.8
French	21,340	10,215	11,125	30.3	28.2	32.5
Non-official language	795	405	390	1.1	1.1	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	795	405	390	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and French	30,000	16,025	13,970	42.6	44.2	40.8
English and non-official language(s)	1,045	510	535	1.5	1.4	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	295	115	180	0.4	0.3	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,730	830	900	2.5	2.3	2.6
Multiple non-official languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	70,460	36,220	34,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	63,285	32,370	30,915	89.8	89.4	90.3
Official languages	62,015	31,765	30,250	88.0	87.7	88.3
English	25,035	13,390	11,650	35.5	37.0	34.0
French	36,975	18,375	18,600	52.5	50.7	54.3
Non-official languages	1,270	610	660	1.8	1.7	1.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,270	610	660	1.8	1.7	1.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	65	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	110	65	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,015	470	545	1.4	1.3	1.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	720	335	385	1.0	0.9	1.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	705	325	380	1.0	0.9	1.1
German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	695	325	375	1.0	0.9	1.1
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	110	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	7,170	3,845	3,325	10.2	10.6	9.7
English and French	6,595	3,540	3,055	9.4	9.8	8.9
English and non-official language(s)	280	155	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	195	110	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	70,460	36,220	34,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	44,035	22,320	21,720	62.5	61.6	63.4
English	15,195	7,950	7,250	21.6	21.9	21.2
French	8,990	4,890	4,100	12.8	13.5	12.0
Non-official language	1,035	490	545	1.5	1.4	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,030	485	545	1.5	1.3	1.6
English and French	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	605	270	335	0.9	0.7	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	405	180	220	0.6	0.5	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	105	75	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	57,920	29,905	28,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	23,420	12,220	11,205	40.4	40.9	40.0
Worked outside Canada	330	195	135	0.6	0.7	0.5
No fixed workplace address	4,025	2,650	1,375	6.9	8.9	4.9
Usual place of work	30,145	14,845	15,300	52.0	49.6	54.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	30,145	14,845	15,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	25,545	12,315	13,235	84.7	83.0	86.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,265	1,190	1,075	7.5	8.0	7.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,210	1,265	940	7.3	8.5	6.1
Commute to a different province or territory	120	75	50	0.4	0.5	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	34,170	17,495	16,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	13,135	8,145	4,990	38.4	46.6	29.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	11,875	7,695	4,185	34.8	44.0	25.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,260	450	805	3.7	2.6	4.8
Public transit	11,045	4,680	6,370	32.3	26.8	38.2
Walked	6,700	2,785	3,910	19.6	15.9	23.4
Bicycle	2,330	1,335	995	6.8	7.6	6.0
Other method	960	550	410	2.8	3.1	2.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	34,170	17,495	16,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	6,740	3,470	3,270	19.7	19.8	19.6
15 to 29 minutes	12,465	6,455	6,005	36.5	36.9	36.0
30 to 44 minutes	9,560	4,800	4,760	28.0	27.4	28.5
45 to 59 minutes	3,005	1,540	1,460	8.8	8.8	8.8
60 minutes and over	2,410	1,225	1,180	7.1	7.0	7.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	34,170	17,495	16,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,030	735	290	3.0	4.2	1.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,220	1,915	1,300	9.4	10.9	7.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,725	3,810	3,915	22.6	21.8	23.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,165	4,280	4,885	26.8	24.5	29.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,620	3,740	3,875	22.3	21.4	23.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,420	3,010	2,415	15.9	17.2	14.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,015	10,800	10,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,165	4,190	3,975	38.9	38.8	38.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,855	6,610	6,240	61.2	61.2	61.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,870	7,680	7,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,795	2,970	2,830	39.0	38.7	39.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	4,190	2,105	2,085	28.2	27.4	29.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,610	860	745	10.8	11.2	10.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,075	4,710	4,365	61.0	61.3	60.7

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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