Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Northwest TerritoriesMore information: Northwest Territories [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	41,070	20,845	20,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	8,475	4,315	4,165	20.6	20.7	20.6
0 to 4 years	2,825	1,480	1,345	6.9	7.1	6.7
5 to 9 years	2,825	1,415	1,400	6.9	6.8	6.9
10 to 14 years	2,830	1,415	1,415	6.9	6.8	7.0
15 to 64 years	28,485	14,420	14,065	69.4	69.2	69.5
15 to 19 years	2,535	1,280	1,255	6.2	6.1	6.2
20 to 24 years	2,550	1,340	1,215	6.2	6.4	6.0
25 to 29 years	3,150	1,610	1,540	7.7	7.7	7.6
30 to 34 years	3,505	1,710	1,800	8.5	8.2	8.9
35 to 39 years	3,130	1,570	1,565	7.6	7.5	7.7
40 to 44 years	2,975	1,465	1,510	7.2	7.0	7.5
45 to 49 years	2,625	1,305	1,315	6.4	6.3	6.5
50 to 54 years	2,735	1,390	1,345	6.7	6.7	6.7
55 to 59 years	2,920	1,510	1,405	7.1	7.2	6.9
60 to 64 years	2,360	1,235	1,125	5.7	5.9	5.6
65 years and over	4,105	2,110	2,000	10.0	10.1	9.9
65 to 69 years	1,655	870	780	4.0	4.2	3.9
70 to 74 years	1,115	595	520	2.7	2.9	2.6
75 to 79 years	700	350	345	1.7	1.7	1.7
80 to 84 years	355	150	205	0.9	0.7	1.0
85 years and over	290	145	150	0.7	0.7	0.7
85 to 89 years	155	90	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
90 to 94 years	115	45	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
95 to 99 years	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.6	20.7	20.6	20.6	20.7	20.6
15 to 64 years	69.4	69.2	69.5	69.4	69.2	69.5
65 years and over	10.0	10.1	9.9	10.0	10.1	9.9
85 years and over	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7
Average age of the population	36.4	36.4	36.3	36.4	36.4	36.3
Median age of the population	35.6	35.6	35.6	35.6	35.6	35.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	15,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	8,600	...	...	56.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,070	...	...	7.0	...	...
Row house	1,630	...	...	10.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	370	...	...	2.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,515	...	...	16.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	300	...	...	2.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	115	...	...	0.8	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	615	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	15,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	3,985	...	...	26.2	...	...
2 persons	4,485	...	...	29.5	...	...
3 persons	2,560	...	...	16.8	...	...
4 persons	2,400	...	...	15.8	...	...
5 or more persons	1,780	...	...	11.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	40,380	20,435	19,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	32,595	16,530	16,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	17,435	8,725	8,710	53.5	52.8	54.2
Married	11,410	5,740	5,670	35.0	34.7	35.3
Living common-law	6,020	2,980	3,040	18.5	18.0	18.9
Living common law - Never married	5,165	2,535	2,630	15.8	15.3	16.4
Living common law - Separated	160	85	75	0.5	0.5	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	635	325	305	1.9	2.0	1.9
Living common law - Widowed	65	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	15,160	7,805	7,355	46.5	47.2	45.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	11,950	6,565	5,385	36.7	39.7	33.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	735	360	375	2.3	2.2	2.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,405	610	795	4.3	3.7	4.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,065	270	800	3.3	1.6	5.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	11,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	5,060	...	...	46.0	...	...
3 persons	2,525	...	...	22.9	...	...
4 persons	2,205	...	...	20.0	...	...
5 or more persons	1,225	...	...	11.1	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	11,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	8,440	...	...	76.7	...	...
Married couples	5,430	...	...	49.3	...	...
With children⁶	3,360	...	...	30.5	...	...
Without children	2,065	...	...	18.8	...	...
Common-law couples	3,010	...	...	27.3	...	...
With children⁶	1,570	...	...	14.3	...	...
Without children	1,440	...	...	13.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,570	...	...	23.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,885	...	...	17.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	690	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	40,380	20,435	19,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	33,230	16,490	16,745	82.3	80.7	84.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	16,880	8,390	8,495	41.8	41.1	42.6
Parents in one-parent families	2,570	690	1,885	6.4	3.4	9.5
Children⁶	13,780	7,410	6,365	34.1	36.3	31.9
In a two-parent family	9,665	5,180	4,485	23.9	25.3	22.5
In a one-parent family	4,115	2,230	1,880	10.2	10.9	9.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	7,145	3,945	3,205	17.7	19.3	16.1
Living alone	3,985	2,160	1,825	9.9	10.6	9.2
Living with other relatives⁷	1,330	685	650	3.3	3.4	3.3
Living with non-relatives only	1,830	1,105	730	4.5	5.4	3.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	15,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,990	...	...	59.1	...	...
Couple-family households	7,230	...	...	47.5	...	...
With children⁶	4,305	...	...	28.3	...	...
Without children	2,920	...	...	19.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,760	...	...	11.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	630	...	...	4.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	120	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	705	...	...	4.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	780	...	...	5.1	...	...
One-person households	3,985	...	...	26.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	31,915	16,125	15,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,740	16,045	15,705	99.5	99.5	99.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,800	58,800	55,200	56,800	58,800	55,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,745	16,045	15,705	99.5	99.5	99.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,200	52,000	50,000	51,200	52,000	50,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,465	13,945	13,530	86.1	86.5	85.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,400	63,600	57,200	60,400	63,600	57,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,550	13,070	12,485	80.1	81.1	79.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,400	63,200	58,400	60,400	63,200	58,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,670	15,995	15,670	99.2	99.2	99.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	2,860	1,660	4,440	2,860	1,660	4,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,115	1,635	1,475	9.8	10.1	9.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,280	6,280	6,750	6,280	6,280	6,750
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,030	4,680	4,345	28.3	29.0	27.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	31,915	16,130	15,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,735	16,025	15,705	99.4	99.3	99.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	69,400	72,900	65,900	69,400	72,900	65,900
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,735	16,025	15,705	99.4	99.3	99.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,300	60,300	56,250	58,300	60,300	56,250
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,440	13,870	13,575	86.0	86.0	86.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	69,900	74,900	64,900	69,900	74,900	64,900
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,555	13,020	12,535	80.1	80.7	79.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	68,800	73,000	64,500	68,800	73,000	64,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,665	15,985	15,680	99.2	99.1	99.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,970	8,100	9,870	8,970	8,100	9,870
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,105	1,585	1,525	9.7	9.8	9.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,100	7,430	8,790	8,100	7,430	8,790
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,175	4,790	4,380	28.7	29.7	27.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,790	9,680	9,910	9,790	9,680	9,910
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	31,915	16,130	15,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	13,805	7,140	6,660	43.3	44.3	42.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	94,000	98,000	90,000	94,000	98,000	90,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	96,700	100,200	92,900	96,700	100,200	92,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,700	3,835	3,860	24.1	23.8	24.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,800	28,600	23,800	25,800	28,600	23,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,520	43,320	35,680	39,520	43,320	35,680
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.2	89.0	85.0	87.2	89.0	85.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	79.8	81.4	78.0	79.8	81.4	78.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	12.9	11.1	14.9	12.9	11.1	14.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	1.0	1.3	1.1	1.0	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.5	4.2	4.7	4.5	4.2	4.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	4.0	4.2	4.1	4.0	4.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	31,915	16,125	15,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	175	85	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
With total income	31,740	16,040	15,705	99.5	99.5	99.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,345	1,725	1,620	10.5	10.8	10.3
$10,000 to $19,999	2,420	1,210	1,210	7.6	7.6	7.7
$20,000 to $29,999	3,400	1,715	1,685	10.7	10.7	10.7
$30,000 to $39,999	2,860	1,335	1,520	9.0	8.4	9.7
$40,000 to $49,999	2,410	1,160	1,255	7.6	7.2	8.0
$50,000 to $59,999	2,045	975	1,070	6.4	6.1	6.8
$60,000 to $69,999	1,760	850	910	5.5	5.3	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	1,900	915	980	6.0	5.7	6.2
$80,000 to $89,999	1,620	725	895	5.1	4.6	5.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,560	730	830	4.9	4.6	5.3
$100,000 and over	8,425	4,690	3,735	26.5	29.3	23.8
$100,000 to $149,999	6,070	3,170	2,895	19.1	19.8	18.4
$150,000 and over	2,355	1,520	835	7.4	9.5	5.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	31,915	16,125	15,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	170	85	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
With after-tax income	31,745	16,040	15,705	99.5	99.5	99.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,400	1,750	1,650	10.7	10.9	10.5
$10,000 to $19,999	2,490	1,260	1,235	7.8	7.8	7.9
$20,000 to $29,999	3,680	1,855	1,825	11.6	11.6	11.6
$30,000 to $39,999	3,265	1,580	1,685	10.3	9.8	10.8
$40,000 to $49,999	2,735	1,305	1,430	8.6	8.1	9.1
$50,000 to $59,999	2,475	1,215	1,265	7.8	7.6	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	2,355	1,110	1,245	7.4	6.9	7.9
$70,000 to $79,999	2,115	965	1,150	6.7	6.0	7.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,050	995	1,060	6.5	6.2	6.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,970	1,030	950	6.2	6.4	6.0
$100,000 and over	5,195	2,990	2,205	16.4	18.6	14.0
$100,000 to $124,999	3,255	1,725	1,530	10.3	10.8	9.7
$125,000 and over	1,945	1,265	680	6.1	7.9	4.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	31,915	16,125	15,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	6,360	3,055	3,300	19.9	19.0	20.9
With employment income	25,550	13,070	12,490	80.1	81.0	79.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,805	1,380	1,420	11.0	10.6	11.4
$5,000 to $9,999	1,590	785	805	6.2	6.0	6.4
$10,000 to $19,999	2,235	1,065	1,175	8.7	8.2	9.4
$20,000 to $29,999	1,740	850	885	6.8	6.5	7.1
$30,000 to $39,999	1,500	815	680	5.9	6.3	5.5
$40,000 to $49,999	1,375	715	665	5.4	5.5	5.3
$50,000 to $59,999	1,465	725	730	5.7	5.6	5.9
$60,000 to $69,999	1,410	680	735	5.5	5.2	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	1,380	610	765	5.4	4.7	6.1
$80,000 to $89,999	1,425	650	775	5.6	5.0	6.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,375	670	700	5.4	5.2	5.6
$100,000 and over	7,270	4,120	3,150	28.4	31.5	25.3
$100,000 to $124,999	3,280	1,690	1,590	12.8	12.9	12.7
$125,000 and over	3,990	2,425	1,565	15.6	18.6	12.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	31,915	16,125	15,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,315	15,265	15,045	95.0	94.7	95.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,200	59,200	52,400	55,200	59,200	52,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,315	15,265	15,045	95.0	94.7	95.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,600	52,000	47,200	49,600	52,000	47,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	27,470	13,935	13,535	86.1	86.4	85.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,600	62,800	53,200	57,600	62,800	53,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,815	13,180	12,635	80.9	81.7	80.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,200	61,600	53,200	57,200	61,600	53,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	27,860	13,900	13,955	87.3	86.2	88.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,220	1,080	2,060	1,220	1,080	2,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,920	1,480	1,440	9.1	9.2	9.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,600	7,450	7,700	7,600	7,450	7,700
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	31,915	16,130	15,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,320	15,245	15,070	95.0	94.5	95.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	67,800	72,600	62,900	67,800	72,600	62,900
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,320	15,245	15,070	95.0	94.5	95.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,750	59,850	53,650	56,750	59,850	53,650
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	27,460	13,875	13,585	86.0	86.0	86.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	68,400	74,300	62,400	68,400	74,300	62,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,825	13,140	12,685	80.9	81.5	80.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	66,500	71,700	61,100	66,500	71,700	61,100
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	27,870	13,845	14,025	87.3	85.8	88.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,285	5,460	7,100	6,285	5,460	7,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,890	1,465	1,425	9.1	9.1	9.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,160	8,780	9,550	9,160	8,780	9,550
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	31,915	16,130	15,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	13,670	7,025	6,645	42.8	43.6	42.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	90,000	95,000	85,000	90,000	95,000	85,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	91,000	96,300	85,300	91,000	96,300	85,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,400	3,730	3,670	23.2	23.1	23.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,000	34,000	25,600	29,000	34,000	25,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	44,520	49,120	39,840	44,520	49,120	39,840
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.4	93.2	89.4	91.4	93.2	89.4
Employment income (%)	83.6	85.0	81.8	83.6	85.0	81.8
Government transfers (%)	8.5	6.8	10.5	8.5	6.8	10.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	15,210	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,985	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	11,225	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	155,000	...	...	155,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	15,205	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	144,800	...	...	144,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	121,700	...	...	121,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,985	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	78,200	...	...	78,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	65,300	...	...	65,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	11,220	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	168,600	...	...	168,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	141,800	...	...	141,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	15,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	105	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	70	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	90	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	150	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	285	...	...	1.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	380	...	...	2.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	345	...	...	2.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	310	...	...	2.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	375	...	...	2.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	315	...	...	2.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	645	...	...	4.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	605	...	...	4.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	665	...	...	4.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	655	...	...	4.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	675	...	...	4.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,530	...	...	62.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,775	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,580	...	...	10.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,445	...	...	16.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,730	...	...	24.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	15,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	120	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	75	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	90	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	155	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	300	...	...	2.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	395	...	...	2.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	370	...	...	2.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	360	...	...	2.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	385	...	...	2.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	335	...	...	2.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	800	...	...	5.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	795	...	...	5.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	800	...	...	5.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	900	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	890	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,445	...	...	55.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,065	...	...	13.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,660	...	...	10.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,720	...	...	31.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	10,695	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	151,000	...	...	151,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,075	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	152,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	5,010	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	188,000	...	...	188,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	158,000	...	...	158,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,190	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	5,815	3,260	2,550	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	64,000	59,600	68,000	64,000	59,600	68,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	56,000	53,600	59,200	56,000	53,600	59,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	10,680	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	166,000	...	...	166,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	139,400	...	...	139,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,065	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	167,600	...	...	167,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,010	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	195,400	...	...	195,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	163,600	...	...	163,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,165	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	99,500	...	...	99,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	87,700	...	...	87,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	5,810	3,235	2,580	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	74,000	73,200	75,000	74,000	73,200	75,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	62,200	61,400	63,250	62,200	61,400	63,250
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	40,380	20,435	19,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	10,020	5,130	4,890	24.8	25.1	24.5
0 to 5 years	3,430	1,770	1,655	8.5	8.7	8.3
18 to 64 years	26,510	13,300	13,210	65.7	65.1	66.2
65 years and over	3,850	2,000	1,850	9.5	9.8	9.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,905	1,475	1,430	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,045	555	490	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	420	230	190	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,525	755	770	...	...	...
65 years and over	335	165	170	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.2
0 to 17 years (%)	10.4	10.8	10.0	10.4	10.8	10.0
0 to 5 years (%)	12.2	13.0	11.3	12.2	13.0	11.3
18 to 64 years (%)	5.8	5.7	5.8	5.8	5.7	5.8
65 years and over (%)	8.7	8.1	9.4	8.7	8.1	9.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
18 to 64 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
65 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	0	0	0	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	0	0	0	...	...	...
65 years and over	0	0	0	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	40,380	20,435	19,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	12,265	6,220	6,045	30.4	30.4	30.3
In bottom decile	2,520	1,320	1,195	6.2	6.5	6.0
In second decile	2,560	1,255	1,305	6.3	6.1	6.5
In third decile	2,345	1,205	1,145	5.8	5.9	5.7
In fourth decile	2,520	1,270	1,250	6.2	6.2	6.3
In fifth decile	2,320	1,170	1,145	5.7	5.7	5.7
In top half of the distribution	28,110	14,215	13,900	69.6	69.6	69.7
In sixth decile	2,940	1,485	1,455	7.3	7.3	7.3
In seventh decile	3,475	1,765	1,710	8.6	8.6	8.6
In eighth decile	4,235	2,090	2,145	10.5	10.2	10.8
In ninth decile	6,615	3,355	3,260	16.4	16.4	16.3
In top decile	10,845	5,520	5,320	26.9	27.0	26.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	40,375	...	...	40,375	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.318	...	...	0.318	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.407	...	...	0.407	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.287	...	...	0.287	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	40,545	20,530	20,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	35,940	18,440	17,500	88.6	89.8	87.4
French only	100	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	4,295	1,940	2,355	10.6	9.4	11.8
Neither English nor French	210	100	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	40,545	20,530	20,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	39,060	19,765	19,290	96.3	96.3	96.4
French	1,135	585	550	2.8	2.8	2.7
English and French	150	85	70	0.4	0.4	0.3
Neither English nor French	200	90	105	0.5	0.4	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	40,545	20,530	20,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	38,850	19,725	19,125	95.8	96.1	95.6
Official languages	31,925	16,345	15,580	78.7	79.6	77.8
English	30,795	15,760	15,035	76.0	76.8	75.1
French	1,125	585	545	2.8	2.8	2.7
Non-official languages	6,925	3,380	3,545	17.1	16.5	17.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	3,705	1,830	1,875	9.1	8.9	9.4
Algonquian languages	110	40	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	90	35	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	90	35	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	3,135	1,605	1,535	7.7	7.8	7.7
Northern Athabaskan languages	3,135	1,605	1,535	7.7	7.8	7.7
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	420	200	220	1.0	1.0	1.1
Gwich'in	95	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavey-Hare languages	1,280	660	615	3.2	3.2	3.1
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	280	140	135	0.7	0.7	0.7
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	240	110	130	0.6	0.5	0.6
Slavey, n.o.s.	755	405	350	1.9	2.0	1.7
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	1,350	705	645	3.3	3.4	3.2
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	450	175	275	1.1	0.9	1.4
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	285	115	175	0.7	0.6	0.9
Inuinnaqtun	100	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Inuvialuktun	185	70	115	0.5	0.3	0.6
Inuktitut	155	55	100	0.4	0.3	0.5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,220	1,550	1,670	7.9	7.5	8.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	280	170	115	0.7	0.8	0.6
Berber languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	220	135	90	0.5	0.7	0.4
Amharic	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arabic	145	85	55	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	165	70	90	0.4	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	165	75	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,010	415	590	2.5	2.0	2.9
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	60	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	790	335	460	1.9	1.6	2.3
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	110	60	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,050	550	495	2.6	2.7	2.5
Albanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	160	75	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	155	75	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	220	115	105	0.5	0.6	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	120	70	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
German	115	65	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dutch	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	440	245	195	1.1	1.2	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	415	230	180	1.0	1.1	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	60	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	140	85	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	180	85	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	115	45	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	65	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	145	80	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	275	135	145	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chinese languages	275	130	140	0.7	0.6	0.7
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	110	50	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	140	65	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,700	805	890	4.2	3.9	4.4
English and French	300	145	155	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	1,255	595	660	3.1	2.9	3.3
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	95	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	40,545	20,530	20,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	31,950	16,280	15,670	78.8	79.3	78.3
French	445	215	225	1.1	1.0	1.1
Non-official language	1,845	990	860	4.6	4.8	4.3
Indigenous³⁹	1,090	600	490	2.7	2.9	2.4
Non-Indigenous	755	385	370	1.9	1.9	1.8
English and French	875	415	465	2.2	2.0	2.3
English and non-official language(s)	5,190	2,515	2,670	12.8	12.3	13.3
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	135	70	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	40,545	20,530	20,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	39,305	19,915	19,385	96.9	97.0	96.9
Official languages	35,955	18,170	17,785	88.7	88.5	88.9
English	35,340	17,875	17,470	87.2	87.1	87.3
French	620	300	315	1.5	1.5	1.6
Non-official languages	3,345	1,740	1,600	8.3	8.5	8.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,665	905	765	4.1	4.4	3.8
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	1,560	855	705	3.8	4.2	3.5
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,560	855	705	3.8	4.2	3.5
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	165	85	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Gwich'in	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavey-Hare languages	620	345	275	1.5	1.7	1.4
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	135	75	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavey, n.o.s.	380	215	165	0.9	1.0	0.8
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	750	415	335	1.8	2.0	1.7
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	85	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	70	30	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuinnaqtun	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuvialuktun	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuktitut	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,675	840	840	4.1	4.1	4.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	200	120	80	0.5	0.6	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	160	95	65	0.4	0.5	0.3
Amharic	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Arabic	90	55	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	50	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	115	50	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	560	255	300	1.4	1.2	1.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	465	215	250	1.1	1.0	1.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	450	240	210	1.1	1.2	1.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	305	175	130	0.8	0.9	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	285	165	120	0.7	0.8	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	125	85	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	165	80	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	165	80	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,245	615	625	3.1	3.0	3.1
English and French	185	85	105	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	1,020	520	505	2.5	2.5	2.5
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	40,545	20,530	20,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	35,335	18,035	17,300	87.2	87.8	86.4
English	1,425	705	715	3.5	3.4	3.6
French	545	265	285	1.3	1.3	1.4
Non-official language	2,825	1,315	1,515	7.0	6.4	7.6
Indigenous³⁹	1,730	820	915	4.3	4.0	4.6
Non-Indigenous	1,100	500	595	2.7	2.4	3.0
English and French	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	145	80	70	0.4	0.4	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	170	80	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	40,380	20,435	19,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	40,165	20,345	19,810	99.5	99.6	99.3
English	39,995	20,265	19,730	99.0	99.2	98.9
French	4,445	2,040	2,400	11.0	10.0	12.0
Non-official languages	10,165	4,905	5,265	25.2	24.0	26.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	5,385	2,610	2,775	13.3	12.8	13.9
Algonquian languages	245	105	140	0.6	0.5	0.7
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	200	90	115	0.5	0.4	0.6
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	205	90	120	0.5	0.4	0.6
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	75	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.	115	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	4,440	2,225	2,215	11.0	10.9	11.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	4,440	2,225	2,215	11.0	10.9	11.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	600	290	315	1.5	1.4	1.6
Gwich'in	165	70	100	0.4	0.3	0.5
Slavey-Hare languages	1,750	890	860	4.3	4.4	4.3
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	450	220	235	1.1	1.1	1.2
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	350	165	185	0.9	0.8	0.9
Slavey, n.o.s.	970	520	450	2.4	2.5	2.3
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	2,045	1,035	1,015	5.1	5.1	5.1
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	710	290	415	1.8	1.4	2.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	510	220	285	1.3	1.1	1.4
Inuinnaqtun	200	90	110	0.5	0.4	0.6
Inuvialuktun	310	130	175	0.8	0.6	0.9
Inuktitut	210	80	135	0.5	0.4	0.7
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Salish languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,830	2,320	2,510	12.0	11.4	12.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	535	330	210	1.3	1.6	1.1
Berber languages	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	40	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	65	55	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	65	50	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	445	260	190	1.1	1.3	1.0
Amharic	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	315	205	110	0.8	1.0	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	100	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	255	110	145	0.6	0.5	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	250	110	140	0.6	0.5	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,300	540	755	3.2	2.6	3.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
Cebuano	85	25	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	125	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,250	520	735	3.1	2.5	3.7
Waray-Waray	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Creole languages	70	30	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Morisyen	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dravidian languages	140	70	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,885	920	960	4.7	4.5	4.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	260	125	130	0.6	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	250	120	130	0.6	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Polish	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	105	55	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	440	220	220	1.1	1.1	1.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	270	145	125	0.7	0.7	0.6
German	260	140	125	0.6	0.7	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	155	60	100	0.4	0.3	0.5
Afrikaans	85	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	75	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	630	330	305	1.6	1.6	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages	595	310	290	1.5	1.5	1.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	160	75	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Gujarati	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	250	135	120	0.6	0.7	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nepali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	180	85	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	145	70	75	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	615	290	330	1.5	1.4	1.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	90	35	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	510	240	270	1.3	1.2	1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	120	45	75	0.3	0.2	0.4
Korean	75	20	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	255	145	110	0.6	0.7	0.6
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	315	160	155	0.8	0.8	0.8
Chinese languages	310	155	150	0.8	0.8	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	170	95	75	0.4	0.5	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	170	75	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burmese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	40,375	20,430	19,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	20,035	9,945	10,085	49.6	48.7	50.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	19,355	9,620	9,740	47.9	47.1	48.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	12,310	6,020	6,290	30.5	29.5	31.5
Métis	2,890	1,550	1,335	7.2	7.6	6.7
Inuk (Inuit)	4,155	2,045	2,110	10.3	10.0	10.6
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	405	190	215	1.0	0.9	1.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	270	140	130	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-Indigenous identity	20,340	10,485	9,855	50.4	51.3	49.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	40,375	20,430	19,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	12,550	6,165	6,385	31.1	30.2	32.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	27,830	14,270	13,555	68.9	69.8	68.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	15,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	8,140	...	...	53.5	...	...
Renter	7,015	...	...	46.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	50	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	15,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,540	...	...	10.1	...	...
Not condominium	13,665	...	...	89.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	15,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	140	...	...	0.9	...	...
1 bedroom	2,180	...	...	14.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,755	...	...	24.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	6,215	...	...	40.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,915	...	...	19.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	15,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,565	...	...	36.6	...	...
5 rooms	3,480	...	...	22.9	...	...
6 rooms	2,325	...	...	15.3	...	...
7 rooms	1,560	...	...	10.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,270	...	...	14.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.4	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	15,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	14,385	...	...	94.6	...	...
More than one person per room	820	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	15,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	13,610	...	...	89.5	...	...
Not suitable	1,590	...	...	10.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	15,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	630	...	...	4.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,485	...	...	29.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,360	...	...	22.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,055	...	...	20.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,270	...	...	8.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	735	...	...	4.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	895	...	...	5.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	770	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	15,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	12,405	...	...	81.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,800	...	...	18.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	15,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	7,615	...	...	50.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	6,480	...	...	42.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,110	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	15,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	480	...	...	3.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,750	...	...	18.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,125	...	...	20.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,030	...	...	19.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,235	...	...	21.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,795	...	...	11.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	685	...	...	4.5	...	...
85 years and over	110	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	15,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	13,305	...	...	88.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,805	...	...	11.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,580	...	...	10.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	15,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,445	...	...	35.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,415	...	...	9.3	...	...
Not suitable only	1,130	...	...	7.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,180	...	...	14.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	100	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	260	...	...	1.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	335	...	...	2.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.2	...	...
Acceptable housing	9,760	...	...	64.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	14,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,960	...	...	13.2	...	...
Not in core need	12,925	...	...	86.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,100	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.0	...	...	60.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.8	...	...	8.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.2	...	...	8.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,740	...	...	1,740	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,868	...	...	1,868	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	352,000	...	...	352,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	385,200	...	...	385,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,010	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	31.2	...	...	31.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.6	...	...	15.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.9	...	...	18.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,450	...	...	1,450	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,356	...	...	1,356	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	50	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	408	...	...	408	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	540	...	...	540	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	40,380	20,435	19,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	15,610	7,785	7,825	38.7	38.1	39.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	14,505	7,255	7,250	35.9	35.5	36.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	10,455	5,165	5,295	25.9	25.3	26.5
Métis single ancestry	1,010	615	400	2.5	3.0	2.0
Inuit single ancestry	3,035	1,475	1,560	7.5	7.2	7.8
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	1,105	530	575	2.7	2.6	2.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	390	195	200	1.0	1.0	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	625	295	330	1.5	1.4	1.7
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,485	2,175	2,310	11.1	10.6	11.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,920	1,875	2,045	9.7	9.2	10.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,590	1,235	1,355	6.4	6.0	6.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	725	340	390	1.8	1.7	2.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	610	305	305	1.5	1.5	1.5
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	560	300	260	1.4	1.5	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	240	120	110	0.6	0.6	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	255	135	125	0.6	0.7	0.6
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	20,280	10,475	9,805	50.2	51.3	49.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	40,375	20,435	19,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	38,490	19,490	19,000	95.3	95.4	95.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	9,795	4,985	4,810	24.3	24.4	24.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	28,695	14,505	14,190	71.1	71.0	71.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,885	940	945	4.7	4.6	4.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	40,375	20,435	19,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	35,820	18,175	17,645	88.7	88.9	88.5
Immigrants⁸¹	4,145	2,055	2,090	10.3	10.1	10.5
Before 1980	560	320	240	1.4	1.6	1.2
1980 to 1990	330	175	155	0.8	0.9	0.8
1991 to 2000	620	285	335	1.5	1.4	1.7
2001 to 2010	1,020	465	550	2.5	2.3	2.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,615	820	800	4.0	4.0	4.0
2011 to 2015	805	425	380	2.0	2.1	1.9
2016 to 2021	815	395	420	2.0	1.9	2.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	410	200	210	1.0	1.0	1.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,145	2,055	2,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	355	225	130	8.6	10.9	6.2
5 to 14 years	660	390	270	15.9	19.0	12.9
15 to 24 years	895	435	460	21.6	21.2	22.0
25 to 44 years	1,870	860	1,005	45.1	41.8	48.1
45 years and over	370	150	220	8.9	7.3	10.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,145	2,055	2,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	375	160	210	9.0	7.8	10.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.7
El Salvador	15	10	15	0.4	0.5	0.7
Guyana	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	60	25	35	1.4	1.2	1.7
Mexico	20	10	20	0.5	0.5	1.0
Peru	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	175	75	100	4.2	3.6	4.8
Other places of birth in Americas	65	35	30	1.6	1.7	1.4
Europe	745	420	325	18.0	20.4	15.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	45	25	20	1.1	1.2	1.0
Germany	115	60	50	2.8	2.9	2.4
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	20	15	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
Italy	35	20	15	0.8	1.0	0.7
Netherlands	40	15	20	1.0	0.7	1.0
Poland	20	10	10	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portugal	10	10	10	0.2	0.5	0.5
Romania	25	15	10	0.6	0.7	0.5
Russian Federation	20	10	0	0.5	0.5	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	10	10	0.0	0.5	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	275	155	115	6.6	7.5	5.5
Other places of birth in Europe	125	65	55	3.0	3.2	2.6
Africa	760	440	315	18.3	21.4	15.1
Algeria	30	20	15	0.7	1.0	0.7
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
Eritrea	55	30	20	1.3	1.5	1.0
Ethiopia	40	25	20	1.0	1.2	1.0
Morocco	35	20	20	0.8	1.0	1.0
Nigeria	50	35	15	1.2	1.7	0.7
Somalia	65	55	10	1.6	2.7	0.5
South Africa, Republic of	90	50	40	2.2	2.4	1.9
Other places of birth in Africa	375	205	170	9.0	10.0	8.1
Asia	2,210	1,015	1,195	53.3	49.4	57.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	10	10	0.2	0.5	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	40	30	10	1.0	1.5	0.5
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	100	45	50	2.4	2.2	2.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	45	25	20	1.1	1.2	1.0
Korea, South⁹²	45	15	30	1.1	0.7	1.4
Taiwan	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Philippines	1,180	510	670	28.5	24.8	32.1
Viet Nam	170	60	110	4.1	2.9	5.3
Bangladesh	80	35	40	1.9	1.7	1.9
India	265	160	105	6.4	7.8	5.0
Pakistan	75	40	45	1.8	1.9	2.2
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	160	65	95	3.9	3.2	4.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	60	20	40	1.4	1.0	1.9
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	815	395	420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	45	25	20	5.5	6.3	4.8
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	10	10	3.1	2.5	2.4
Mexico	10	10	0	1.2	2.5	0.0
United States of America	10	10	0	1.2	2.5	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	15	0	1.8	3.8	0.0
Europe	90	55	35	11.0	13.9	8.3
France	25	10	15	3.1	2.5	3.6
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0	1.8	2.5	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	40	30	0	4.9	7.6	0.0
Africa	170	75	100	20.9	19.0	23.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	25	10	20	3.1	2.5	4.8
Ethiopia	20	0	15	2.5	0.0	3.6
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	10	10	0	1.2	2.5	0.0
Somalia	15	15	0	1.8	3.8	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	10	15	3.1	2.5	3.6
Sudan⁹⁷	35	10	20	4.3	2.5	4.8
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	40	20	20	4.9	5.1	4.8
Asia	495	230	260	60.7	58.2	61.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	20	10	15	2.5	2.5	3.6
China⁹⁰	20	15	0	2.5	3.8	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	90	55	35	11.0	13.9	8.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	25	0	20	3.1	0.0	4.8
Philippines	280	115	160	34.4	29.1	38.1
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	25	10	3.7	6.3	2.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	2.4
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	40,375	20,430	19,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,800	2,395	2,405	11.9	11.7	12.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,925	1,930	1,990	9.7	9.4	10.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	31,655	16,110	15,545	78.4	78.9	77.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,585	1,735	1,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,920	970	950	53.6	55.9	51.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	890	465	425	24.8	26.8	23.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,025	510	525	28.6	29.4	28.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,150	445	710	32.1	25.6	38.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	485	310	175	13.5	17.9	9.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	30	15	15	0.8	0.9	0.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,585	1,735	1,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	135	80	50	3.8	4.6	2.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	710	230	475	19.8	13.3	25.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	120	75	45	3.3	4.3	2.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	245	135	110	6.8	7.8	5.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,370	1,205	1,165	66.1	69.5	63.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	40,380	20,435	19,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,915	2,370	2,550	12.2	11.6	12.8
South Asian	775	390	385	1.9	1.9	1.9
Chinese	335	180	155	0.8	0.9	0.8
Black	1,060	560	500	2.6	2.7	2.5
Filipino	1,665	755	915	4.1	3.7	4.6
Arab	225	130	90	0.6	0.6	0.5
Latin American	125	40	85	0.3	0.2	0.4
Southeast Asian	305	125	180	0.8	0.6	0.9
West Asian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	75	25	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
Japanese	105	45	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	170	75	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	35,465	18,065	17,400	87.8	88.4	87.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	40,380	20,435	19,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	3,380	1,735	1,640	8.4	8.5	8.2
English	5,495	2,795	2,705	13.6	13.7	13.6
Irish	4,720	2,405	2,310	11.7	11.8	11.6
Scottish	5,270	2,535	2,735	13.1	12.4	13.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,320	1,740	1,575	8.2	8.5	7.9
German	2,815	1,465	1,350	7.0	7.2	6.8
Chinese	365	185	180	0.9	0.9	0.9
Italian	445	240	205	1.1	1.2	1.0
Indian (India)	430	225	200	1.1	1.1	1.0
Ukrainian	1,025	555	470	2.5	2.7	2.4
Dutch	945	505	435	2.3	2.5	2.2
Polish	615	280	335	1.5	1.4	1.7
Québécois	110	70	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	900	460	435	2.2	2.3	2.2
Filipino	1,550	690	860	3.8	3.4	4.3
French Canadian	330	140	190	0.8	0.7	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	920	465	460	2.3	2.3	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,920	1,435	1,480	7.2	7.0	7.4
Métis	2,525	1,350	1,170	6.3	6.6	5.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	600	300	300	1.5	1.5	1.5
Russian	295	135	155	0.7	0.7	0.8
Norwegian	685	370	315	1.7	1.8	1.6
Welsh	455	220	235	1.1	1.1	1.2
Portuguese	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	360	215	155	0.9	1.1	0.8
Spanish	175	85	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
Swedish	355	180	180	0.9	0.9	0.9
Hungarian	215	135	80	0.5	0.7	0.4
Acadian	265	130	140	0.7	0.6	0.7
Pakistani	95	55	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	360	185	175	0.9	0.9	0.9
Jewish	115	65	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Vietnamese	255	110	145	0.6	0.5	0.7
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	95	60	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Greek	100	35	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jamaican	75	25	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	150	65	85	0.4	0.3	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,345	650	700	3.3	3.2	3.5
Korean	80	25	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
Romanian	135	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
Lebanese	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	315	160	160	0.8	0.8	0.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	625	285	340	1.5	1.4	1.7
Sikh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	160	80	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belgian	125	60	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hindu	0	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mexican	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Swiss	160	95	65	0.4	0.5	0.3
Finnish	105	70	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sri Lankan	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatian	30	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Japanese	145	60	85	0.4	0.3	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	225	110	120	0.6	0.5	0.6
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	205	105	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Muslim	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tamil	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	125	80	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Colombian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	65	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Czech	65	30	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Syrian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	65	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	200	125	80	0.5	0.6	0.4
Hong Konger	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ontarian	100	60	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Persian	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Turkish	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	1,375	660	715	3.4	3.2	3.6
Bangladeshi	70	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algerian	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	70	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Somali	55	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Taiwanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
South African	80	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Palestinian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chilean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Congolese	55	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nova Scotian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ethiopian	55	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovenian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	80	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	50	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
African American	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tunisian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	135	60	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Byelorussian	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	4,725	2,370	2,355	11.7	11.6	11.8
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	55	45	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	65	20	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Saskatchewanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	65	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nicaraguan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Cape Bretoner	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	40,380	20,435	19,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	250	110	140	0.6	0.5	0.7
Christian	22,275	10,785	11,490	55.2	52.8	57.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,490	1,255	1,235	6.2	6.1	6.2
Anabaptist	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	3,280	1,525	1,760	8.1	7.5	8.8
Baptist	610	300	310	1.5	1.5	1.6
Catholic	12,935	6,365	6,570	32.0	31.1	32.9
Christian Orthodox	185	60	125	0.5	0.3	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	80	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	180	105	75	0.4	0.5	0.4
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	120	60	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	770	325	445	1.9	1.6	2.2
Presbyterian	85	25	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
Reformed	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Church	815	355	460	2.0	1.7	2.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	600	310	290	1.5	1.5	1.5
Hindu	200	105	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jewish	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	730	440	290	1.8	2.2	1.5
Sikh	110	60	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	330	160	170	0.8	0.8	0.9
Other religions and spiritual traditions	370	180	190	0.9	0.9	1.0
No religion and secular perspectives	16,065	8,570	7,495	39.8	41.9	37.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	39,805	20,145	19,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	34,340	17,445	16,900	86.3	86.6	86.0
Movers	5,460	2,705	2,755	13.7	13.4	14.0
Non-migrants	3,340	1,620	1,715	8.4	8.0	8.7
Migrants	2,120	1,090	1,035	5.3	5.4	5.3
Internal migrants	2,000	1,040	965	5.0	5.2	4.9
Intraprovincial migrants	495	245	255	1.2	1.2	1.3
Interprovincial migrants	1,505	795	710	3.8	3.9	3.6
External migrants	120	45	75	0.3	0.2	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	37,555	18,980	18,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	21,895	11,275	10,620	58.3	59.4	57.2
Movers	15,660	7,700	7,955	41.7	40.6	42.8
Non-migrants	8,115	3,890	4,220	21.6	20.5	22.7
Migrants	7,545	3,810	3,735	20.1	20.1	20.1
Internal migrants	6,680	3,405	3,270	17.8	17.9	17.6
Intraprovincial migrants	1,995	960	1,035	5.3	5.1	5.6
Interprovincial migrants	4,685	2,450	2,240	12.5	12.9	12.1
External migrants	860	400	460	2.3	2.1	2.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	31,915	16,125	15,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,595	5,410	4,185	30.1	33.6	26.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	22,315	10,715	11,600	69.9	66.4	73.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,075	11,580	11,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,730	3,340	2,390	24.8	28.8	20.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	17,345	8,235	9,110	75.2	71.1	79.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	31,915	16,125	15,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,260	4,555	3,710	25.9	28.2	23.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,740	3,960	3,785	24.3	24.6	24.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,915	7,620	8,295	49.9	47.3	52.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,840	4,760	4,085	27.7	29.5	25.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,670	2,080	585	8.4	12.9	3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,270	815	455	4.0	5.1	2.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,400	1,265	130	4.4	7.8	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,270	2,300	2,965	16.5	14.3	18.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	900	370	530	2.8	2.3	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,065	2,860	4,210	22.1	17.7	26.7
Bachelor's degree	4,665	1,890	2,770	14.6	11.7	17.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	435	160	270	1.4	1.0	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	120	45	80	0.4	0.3	0.5
Master's degree	1,745	715	1,030	5.5	4.4	6.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	110	60	50	0.3	0.4	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,080	11,580	11,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,705	2,700	2,010	20.4	23.3	17.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,100	2,660	2,435	22.1	23.0	21.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,275	6,220	7,055	57.5	53.7	61.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,185	3,830	3,355	31.1	33.1	29.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,095	1,625	470	9.1	14.0	4.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	985	630	360	4.3	5.4	3.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,105	1,000	105	4.8	8.6	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,360	1,905	2,460	18.9	16.5	21.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	730	300	430	3.2	2.6	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,090	2,390	3,700	26.4	20.6	32.2
Bachelor's degree	3,945	1,560	2,385	17.1	13.5	20.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	375	135	245	1.6	1.2	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	110	35	75	0.5	0.3	0.7
Master's degree	1,565	605	960	6.8	5.2	8.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	95	55	40	0.4	0.5	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	31,915	16,130	15,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,000	8,510	7,495	50.1	52.8	47.5
Education	1,375	305	1,065	4.3	1.9	6.7
13. Education	1,375	305	1,065	4.3	1.9	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	385	150	230	1.2	0.9	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	340	130	215	1.1	0.8	1.4
Humanities	595	285	310	1.9	1.8	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	105	40	70	0.3	0.2	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	90	40	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	170	55	120	0.5	0.3	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	50	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	75	60	20	0.2	0.4	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,845	700	1,145	5.8	4.3	7.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	10	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	190	90	105	0.6	0.6	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	305	25	280	1.0	0.2	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	225	105	120	0.7	0.7	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	15	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	280	75	205	0.9	0.5	1.3
45. Social sciences	720	375	345	2.3	2.3	2.2
Business, management and public administration	3,245	920	2,325	10.2	5.7	14.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	390	75	315	1.2	0.5	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,855	845	2,010	8.9	5.2	12.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	660	300	360	2.1	1.9	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	310	120	190	1.0	0.7	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	90	40	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	210	120	90	0.7	0.7	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	440	280	160	1.4	1.7	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	350	230	120	1.1	1.4	0.8
25. Library science	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	40	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,170	2,815	355	9.9	17.5	2.2
04. Architecture and related services	135	65	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
14. Engineering	565	450	110	1.8	2.8	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	600	515	85	1.9	3.2	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	825	790	40	2.6	4.9	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	800	760	35	2.5	4.7	0.2
48. Precision production	240	230	10	0.8	1.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	705	435	265	2.2	2.7	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	125	65	55	0.4	0.4	0.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	580	365	210	1.8	2.3	1.3
Health and related fields	2,070	425	1,645	6.5	2.6	10.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	260	135	125	0.8	0.8	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,765	270	1,495	5.5	1.7	9.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,410	1,000	410	4.4	6.2	2.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	480	190	290	1.5	1.2	1.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	270	195	70	0.8	1.2	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	645	595	45	2.0	3.7	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	23,080	11,575	11,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,805	5,355	4,450	42.5	46.3	38.7
Education	1,105	250	855	4.8	2.2	7.4
13. Education	1,105	250	855	4.8	2.2	7.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	320	120	200	1.4	1.0	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	285	100	185	1.2	0.9	1.6
Humanities	470	225	250	2.0	1.9	2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	30	50	0.3	0.3	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	70	30	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	130	40	90	0.6	0.3	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	70	55	15	0.3	0.5	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,540	565	975	6.7	4.9	8.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	10	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	155	65	90	0.7	0.6	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	265	20	240	1.1	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	200	85	115	0.9	0.7	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	220	50	160	1.0	0.4	1.4
45. Social sciences	605	315	290	2.6	2.7	2.5
Business, management and public administration	2,765	745	2,025	12.0	6.4	17.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	310	55	255	1.3	0.5	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,460	690	1,765	10.7	6.0	15.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	555	235	310	2.4	2.0	2.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	260	100	165	1.1	0.9	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	75	30	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	180	100	75	0.8	0.9	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	380	240	140	1.6	2.1	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	300	195	105	1.3	1.7	0.9
25. Library science	45	10	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,615	2,300	310	11.3	19.9	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	95	35	60	0.4	0.3	0.5
14. Engineering	500	390	105	2.2	3.4	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	525	455	70	2.3	3.9	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	650	615	35	2.8	5.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	670	635	30	2.9	5.5	0.3
48. Precision production	180	170	10	0.8	1.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	620	355	265	2.7	3.1	2.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	115	55	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	505	300	205	2.2	2.6	1.8
Health and related fields	1,760	370	1,395	7.6	3.2	12.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	215	105	110	0.9	0.9	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,500	245	1,250	6.5	2.1	10.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,140	810	335	4.9	7.0	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	385	160	225	1.7	1.4	2.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	240	175	60	1.0	1.5	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	500	460	40	2.2	4.0	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	23,080	11,575	11,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,805	5,355	4,450	42.5	46.3	38.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	13,275	6,220	7,055	57.5	53.7	61.3
Location of study inside Canada	11,535	5,445	6,095	50.0	47.0	53.0
Same as province or territory of residence	2,950	1,315	1,635	12.8	11.4	14.2
Different than province or territory of residence	8,585	4,130	4,455	37.2	35.7	38.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,740	780	965	7.5	6.7	8.4
Americas	230	120	115	1.0	1.0	1.0
United States of America	180	90	90	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mexico	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Europe	375	165	210	1.6	1.4	1.8
Belgium	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
France	60	25	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Germany	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	30	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Switzerland	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	170	85	90	0.7	0.7	0.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Africa	205	120	90	0.9	1.0	0.8
Nigeria	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algeria	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	35	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tunisia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	115	55	60	0.5	0.5	0.5
Asia	855	335	515	3.7	2.9	4.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Turkey	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Philippines	515	170	345	2.2	1.5	3.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	135	75	55	0.6	0.6	0.5
Pakistan	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oceania	70	40	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australia	60	25	25	0.3	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	31,915	16,125	15,790	...	...	...
In the labour force	22,555	11,670	10,880	...	...	...
Employed	20,605	10,530	10,070	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,955	1,140	810	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	9,360	4,455	4,905	...	...	...
Participation rate	70.7	72.4	68.9	70.7	72.4	68.9
Employment rate	64.6	65.3	63.8	64.6	65.3	63.8
Unemployment rate	8.7	9.8	7.4	8.7	9.8	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	31,915	16,130	15,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	9,590	4,620	4,970	30.0	28.6	31.5
Worked	22,320	11,505	10,820	69.9	71.3	68.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	14,090	7,330	6,765	44.1	45.4	42.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	8,230	4,175	4,060	25.8	25.9	25.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.7	42.5	42.9	42.7	42.5	42.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	22,555	11,670	10,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	635	340	290	2.8	2.9	2.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	21,920	11,330	10,595	97.2	97.1	97.3
Employee	20,320	10,385	9,935	90.1	89.0	91.3
Permanent position	16,030	8,255	7,775	71.1	70.7	71.4
Temporary position	4,290	2,130	2,160	19.0	18.3	19.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,440	595	845	6.4	5.1	7.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,855	1,540	1,315	12.7	13.2	12.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,600	945	660	7.1	8.1	6.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	22,555	11,670	10,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	635	340	290	2.8	2.9	2.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	21,920	11,330	10,595	97.2	97.1	97.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	405	235	175	1.8	2.0	1.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,040	1,040	2,995	17.9	8.9	27.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,465	1,045	425	6.5	9.0	3.9
3 Health occupations	1,310	285	1,020	5.8	2.4	9.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,675	1,815	2,860	20.7	15.6	26.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	520	205	320	2.3	1.8	2.9
6 Sales and service occupations	4,405	2,050	2,350	19.5	17.6	21.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,110	3,810	295	18.2	32.6	2.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	600	515	85	2.7	4.4	0.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	390	330	60	1.7	2.8	0.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	22,555	11,670	10,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	635	340	290	2.8	2.9	2.7
All industries¹⁹¹	21,920	11,330	10,595	97.2	97.1	97.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	170	145	30	0.8	1.2	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	975	770	205	4.3	6.6	1.9
22 Utilities	305	245	60	1.4	2.1	0.6
23 Construction	1,375	1,205	170	6.1	10.3	1.6
31-33 Manufacturing	215	135	80	1.0	1.2	0.7
41 Wholesale trade	280	225	55	1.2	1.9	0.5
44-45 Retail trade	2,015	1,075	945	8.9	9.2	8.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,330	1,010	325	5.9	8.7	3.0
51 Information and cultural industries	350	195	150	1.6	1.7	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	280	95	185	1.2	0.8	1.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	280	165	115	1.2	1.4	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	965	560	405	4.3	4.8	3.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	745	495	245	3.3	4.2	2.3
61 Educational services	1,825	490	1,330	8.1	4.2	12.2
62 Health care and social assistance	2,430	510	1,920	10.8	4.4	17.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	410	200	215	1.8	1.7	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	1,060	545	505	4.7	4.7	4.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	720	385	335	3.2	3.3	3.1
91 Public administration	6,180	2,875	3,305	27.4	24.6	30.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	24,145	12,410	11,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	22,435	11,645	10,795	92.9	93.8	92.0
French	110	50	55	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	135	65	75	0.6	0.5	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	95	40	55	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-Indigenous	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	545	230	310	2.3	1.9	2.6
English and non-official language(s)	895	410	490	3.7	3.3	4.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	24,145	12,410	11,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	23,800	12,250	11,550	98.6	98.7	98.4
Official languages	23,430	12,065	11,365	97.0	97.2	96.8
English	23,235	11,990	11,250	96.2	96.6	95.9
French	195	75	120	0.8	0.6	1.0
Non-official languages	370	185	185	1.5	1.5	1.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	315	155	160	1.3	1.2	1.4
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	305	155	155	1.3	1.2	1.3
Northern Athabaskan languages	305	155	155	1.3	1.2	1.3
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	155	65	90	0.6	0.5	0.8
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavey, n.o.s.	95	45	55	0.4	0.4	0.5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	130	75	55	0.5	0.6	0.5
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	60	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	340	155	185	1.4	1.2	1.6
English and French	95	45	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	240	110	130	1.0	0.9	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	24,145	12,410	11,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	23,015	11,910	11,105	95.3	96.0	94.6
English	315	140	175	1.3	1.1	1.5
French	360	160	200	1.5	1.3	1.7
Non-official language	425	185	240	1.8	1.5	2.0
Indigenous³⁹	365	150	215	1.5	1.2	1.8
Non-Indigenous	60	35	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	20,600	10,530	10,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	1,990	905	1,085	9.7	8.6	10.8
Worked outside Canada	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	2,320	1,735	585	11.3	16.5	5.8
Usual place of work	16,280	7,885	8,395	79.0	74.9	83.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	16,275	7,885	8,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	14,645	6,900	7,740	90.0	87.5	92.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	790	440	350	4.9	5.6	4.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	495	325	170	3.0	4.1	2.0
Commute to a different province or territory	355	215	140	2.2	2.7	1.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	18,600	9,620	8,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	13,470	7,025	6,450	72.4	73.0	71.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	11,455	6,295	5,165	61.6	65.4	57.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,015	730	1,290	10.8	7.6	14.4
Public transit	145	80	65	0.8	0.8	0.7
Walked	3,610	1,595	2,020	19.4	16.6	22.5
Bicycle	280	190	95	1.5	2.0	1.1
Other method	1,090	735	355	5.9	7.6	4.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	18,600	9,620	8,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	14,405	7,310	7,090	77.4	76.0	79.0
15 to 29 minutes	2,990	1,545	1,445	16.1	16.1	16.1
30 to 44 minutes	505	270	235	2.7	2.8	2.6
45 to 59 minutes	190	135	60	1.0	1.4	0.7
60 minutes and over	505	360	150	2.7	3.7	1.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	18,600	9,620	8,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	405	295	105	2.2	3.1	1.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,450	1,040	410	7.8	10.8	4.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,785	2,710	2,075	25.7	28.2	23.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,050	3,570	4,480	43.3	37.1	49.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,125	1,020	1,100	11.4	10.6	12.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,790	985	805	9.6	10.2	9.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	10,190	5,210	4,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,115	540	575	10.9	10.4	11.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,085	4,675	4,410	89.2	89.7	88.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	7,170	3,635	3,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	785	385	405	10.9	10.6	11.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	525	255	275	7.3	7.0	7.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	260	130	130	3.6	3.6	3.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,380	3,245	3,135	89.0	89.3	88.7

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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