Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Nord-du-Québec, Census division (CDR)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	45,740	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	44,561	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	17,325	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	14,543	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	0.1	...	...	0.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	707,306.52	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	45,740	23,230	22,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12,780	6,580	6,205	27.9	28.3	27.6
0 to 4 years	4,390	2,275	2,110	9.6	9.8	9.4
5 to 9 years	4,080	2,070	2,010	8.9	8.9	8.9
10 to 14 years	4,315	2,230	2,085	9.4	9.6	9.3
15 to 64 years	28,805	14,555	14,250	63.0	62.7	63.3
15 to 19 years	3,665	1,950	1,720	8.0	8.4	7.6
20 to 24 years	3,230	1,630	1,595	7.1	7.0	7.1
25 to 29 years	3,375	1,605	1,765	7.4	6.9	7.8
30 to 34 years	3,170	1,560	1,610	6.9	6.7	7.2
35 to 39 years	2,760	1,365	1,395	6.0	5.9	6.2
40 to 44 years	2,695	1,340	1,360	5.9	5.8	6.0
45 to 49 years	2,615	1,315	1,300	5.7	5.7	5.8
50 to 54 years	2,555	1,305	1,250	5.6	5.6	5.6
55 to 59 years	2,505	1,295	1,215	5.5	5.6	5.4
60 to 64 years	2,235	1,190	1,045	4.9	5.1	4.6
65 years and over	4,155	2,100	2,055	9.1	9.0	9.1
65 to 69 years	1,610	860	750	3.5	3.7	3.3
70 to 74 years	1,160	600	560	2.5	2.6	2.5
75 to 79 years	720	350	370	1.6	1.5	1.6
80 to 84 years	380	170	205	0.8	0.7	0.9
85 years and over	285	115	170	0.6	0.5	0.8
85 to 89 years	205	75	135	0.4	0.3	0.6
90 to 94 years	65	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
95 to 99 years	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	27.9	28.3	27.6	27.9	28.3	27.6
15 to 64 years	63.0	62.7	63.3	63.0	62.7	63.3
65 years and over	9.1	9.0	9.1	9.1	9.0	9.1
85 years and over	0.6	0.5	0.8	0.6	0.5	0.8
Average age of the population	32.6	32.5	32.7	32.6	32.5	32.7
Median age of the population	29.8	29.6	30.0	29.8	29.6	30.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	14,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	7,860	...	...	54.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,045	...	...	20.9	...	...
Row house	465	...	...	3.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	445	...	...	3.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,780	...	...	12.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	920	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	14,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	3,380	...	...	23.2	...	...
2 persons	3,815	...	...	26.2	...	...
3 persons	2,130	...	...	14.6	...	...
4 persons	2,045	...	...	14.1	...	...
5 or more persons	3,175	...	...	21.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	45,445	23,075	22,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	32,955	16,655	16,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	17,200	8,600	8,600	52.2	51.6	52.7
Married	9,085	4,570	4,515	27.6	27.4	27.7
Living common-law	8,115	4,035	4,085	24.6	24.2	25.1
Living common law - Never married	7,315	3,625	3,690	22.2	21.8	22.6
Living common law - Separated	105	45	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	590	315	270	1.8	1.9	1.7
Living common law - Widowed	110	45	60	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	15,755	8,050	7,705	47.8	48.3	47.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	13,155	7,020	6,130	39.9	42.1	37.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	485	215	270	1.5	1.3	1.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	990	470	520	3.0	2.8	3.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,130	345	785	3.4	2.1	4.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	11,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	4,850	...	...	40.7	...	...
3 persons	2,620	...	...	22.0	...	...
4 persons	2,105	...	...	17.7	...	...
5 or more persons	2,330	...	...	19.6	...	...
Average size of census families	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	11,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	8,435	...	...	70.9	...	...
Married couples	4,375	...	...	36.7	...	...
With children⁶	2,690	...	...	22.6	...	...
Without children	1,680	...	...	14.1	...	...
Common-law couples	4,060	...	...	34.1	...	...
With children⁶	2,620	...	...	22.0	...	...
Without children	1,435	...	...	12.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,475	...	...	29.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,565	...	...	21.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	910	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	45,445	23,075	22,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	39,535	19,770	19,765	87.0	85.7	88.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	16,865	8,410	8,460	37.1	36.4	37.8
Parents in one-parent families	3,475	910	2,560	7.6	3.9	11.4
Children⁶	19,195	10,450	8,740	42.2	45.3	39.1
In a two-parent family	12,765	6,885	5,880	28.1	29.8	26.3
In a one-parent family	6,430	3,565	2,865	14.1	15.4	12.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	5,905	3,305	2,600	13.0	14.3	11.6
Living alone	3,375	2,010	1,370	7.4	8.7	6.1
Living with other relatives⁷	2,015	980	1,030	4.4	4.2	4.6
Living with non-relatives only	515	315	200	1.1	1.4	0.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	14,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,870	...	...	61.0	...	...
Couple-family households	6,945	...	...	47.8	...	...
With children⁶	4,275	...	...	29.4	...	...
Without children	2,665	...	...	18.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,925	...	...	13.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,145	...	...	7.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	110	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	630	...	...	4.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	415	...	...	2.9	...	...
One-person households	3,375	...	...	23.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	32,670	16,505	16,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,060	15,575	15,485	95.1	94.4	95.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	43,600	43,200	43,600	43,600	43,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,070	15,580	15,485	95.1	94.4	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	40,400	40,400	40,400	40,400	40,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,395	14,350	14,045	86.9	86.9	86.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600	35,200	28,200	31,600	35,200	28,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,500	12,520	11,980	75.0	75.9	74.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,800	32,800	36,400	40,800	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,500	12,145	13,355	78.1	73.6	82.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,100	9,700	14,500	12,100	9,700	14,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,505	1,755	1,740	10.7	10.6	10.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,240	6,080	6,280	6,240	6,080	6,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,225	5,405	4,820	31.3	32.7	29.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	32,695	16,515	16,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,070	15,590	15,480	95.0	94.4	95.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,080	52,700	49,480	51,080	52,700	49,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,080	15,600	15,480	95.1	94.5	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,080	45,240	44,880	45,080	45,240	44,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,360	14,325	14,040	86.7	86.7	86.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,680	46,920	38,360	42,680	46,920	38,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,525	12,510	12,010	75.0	75.7	74.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,840	48,560	40,960	44,840	48,560	40,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,555	12,230	13,325	78.2	74.1	82.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,760	12,230	17,060	14,760	12,230	17,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,440	1,720	1,715	10.5	10.4	10.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,980	7,250	8,710	7,980	7,250	8,710
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,110	5,365	4,745	30.9	32.5	29.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,020	8,590	9,500	9,020	8,590	9,500
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	32,690	16,515	16,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	12,555	6,375	6,180	38.4	38.6	38.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,000	63,200	54,000	58,000	63,200	54,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,950	67,900	57,800	62,950	67,900	57,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,365	3,800	3,565	22.5	23.0	22.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	22,400	16,400	19,400	22,400	16,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,920	33,800	25,800	29,920	33,800	25,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.2	81.8	70.4	76.2	81.8	70.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.2	74.0	64.2	69.2	74.0	64.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.8	18.2	29.7	23.8	18.2	29.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.5	2.0	1.7	1.5	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.6	6.1	7.1	6.6	6.1	7.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.7	5.6	5.9	5.7	5.6	5.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	32,670	16,505	16,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,615	930	680	4.9	5.6	4.2
With total income	31,060	15,575	15,480	95.1	94.4	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,135	1,650	1,485	10.1	10.6	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	3,670	1,780	1,890	11.8	11.4	12.2
$20,000 to $29,999	4,160	2,115	2,040	13.4	13.6	13.2
$30,000 to $39,999	3,410	1,640	1,765	11.0	10.5	11.4
$40,000 to $49,999	3,245	1,550	1,695	10.4	10.0	10.9
$50,000 to $59,999	3,000	1,400	1,600	9.7	9.0	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	2,520	1,235	1,280	8.1	7.9	8.3
$70,000 to $79,999	2,065	1,035	1,035	6.6	6.6	6.7
$80,000 to $89,999	1,570	780	790	5.1	5.0	5.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,250	650	600	4.0	4.2	3.9
$100,000 and over	3,035	1,740	1,300	9.8	11.2	8.4
$100,000 to $149,999	2,445	1,350	1,095	7.9	8.7	7.1
$150,000 and over	590	390	200	1.9	2.5	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	32,670	16,505	16,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,600	925	680	4.9	5.6	4.2
With after-tax income	31,070	15,585	15,490	95.1	94.4	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,175	1,665	1,515	10.2	10.7	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	3,775	1,840	1,930	12.1	11.8	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	4,580	2,340	2,240	14.7	15.0	14.5
$30,000 to $39,999	3,855	1,905	1,955	12.4	12.2	12.6
$40,000 to $49,999	3,815	1,880	1,940	12.3	12.1	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	3,430	1,740	1,685	11.0	11.2	10.9
$60,000 to $69,999	2,645	1,365	1,280	8.5	8.8	8.3
$70,000 to $79,999	2,005	985	1,020	6.5	6.3	6.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,400	670	730	4.5	4.3	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	925	465	460	3.0	3.0	3.0
$100,000 and over	1,465	730	735	4.7	4.7	4.7
$100,000 to $124,999	980	465	520	3.2	3.0	3.4
$125,000 and over	485	265	220	1.6	1.7	1.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	32,670	16,505	16,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	8,170	3,985	4,185	25.0	24.1	25.9
With employment income	24,500	12,515	11,985	75.0	75.8	74.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,705	1,775	1,930	15.1	14.2	16.1
$5,000 to $9,999	2,195	1,015	1,175	9.0	8.1	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	2,910	1,435	1,475	11.9	11.5	12.3
$20,000 to $29,999	2,190	1,075	1,110	8.9	8.6	9.3
$30,000 to $39,999	1,965	895	1,070	8.0	7.2	8.9
$40,000 to $49,999	2,000	980	1,020	8.2	7.8	8.5
$50,000 to $59,999	2,095	960	1,130	8.6	7.7	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	1,825	940	890	7.4	7.5	7.4
$70,000 to $79,999	1,355	825	530	5.5	6.6	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,055	610	445	4.3	4.9	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	835	520	320	3.4	4.2	2.7
$100,000 and over	2,375	1,485	890	9.7	11.9	7.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,325	790	535	5.4	6.3	4.5
$125,000 and over	1,050	690	355	4.3	5.5	3.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	32,670	16,505	16,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,460	15,235	15,230	93.2	92.3	94.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	39,600	36,000	37,600	39,600	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,465	15,235	15,230	93.3	92.3	94.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	36,800	34,000	35,200	36,800	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	27,740	14,025	13,710	84.9	85.0	84.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	35,600	27,200	31,000	35,600	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	24,995	12,705	12,295	76.5	77.0	76.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	39,600	30,000	34,000	39,600	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,480	10,920	12,560	71.9	66.2	77.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,100	4,520	11,000	8,100	4,520	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,575	1,845	1,725	10.9	11.2	10.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,200	5,960	6,450	6,200	5,960	6,450
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	32,695	16,515	16,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,465	15,240	15,230	93.2	92.3	94.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,160	48,560	43,720	46,160	48,560	43,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,465	15,240	15,230	93.2	92.3	94.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,440	41,280	39,640	40,440	41,280	39,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	27,695	13,985	13,710	84.7	84.7	84.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,160	46,000	36,200	41,160	46,000	36,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	24,960	12,700	12,260	76.3	76.9	75.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	47,200	38,200	42,800	47,200	38,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,510	10,925	12,580	71.9	66.2	77.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,350	8,880	13,500	11,350	8,880	13,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,635	1,845	1,790	11.1	11.2	11.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,570	7,310	9,880	8,570	7,310	9,880
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	32,690	16,515	16,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	12,450	6,310	6,140	38.1	38.2	38.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	59,600	49,200	54,000	59,600	49,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,550	64,100	52,850	58,550	64,100	52,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,065	3,685	3,385	21.6	22.3	20.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	24,200	18,200	20,800	24,200	18,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,440	37,360	27,040	32,440	37,360	27,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	81.0	86.8	74.6	81.0	86.8	74.6
Employment income (%)	76.0	81.0	70.2	76.0	81.0	70.2
Government transfers (%)	19.0	13.1	25.5	19.0	13.1	25.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.2	1.8	2.7	2.2	1.8	2.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	14,545	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,375	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	48,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	...	...	42,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	11,165	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	14,555	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	109,100	...	...	109,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	96,200	...	...	96,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,385	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,950	...	...	56,950	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,600	...	...	47,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	11,170	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,800	...	...	124,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	14,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	115	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	60	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	135	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	225	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	425	...	...	2.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	355	...	...	2.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	380	...	...	2.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	430	...	...	3.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	425	...	...	2.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	430	...	...	3.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	950	...	...	6.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	900	...	...	6.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	935	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	925	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	920	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,925	...	...	47.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,015	...	...	13.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,565	...	...	10.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,915	...	...	13.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,425	...	...	9.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	14,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	115	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	60	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	135	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	230	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	460	...	...	3.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	415	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	420	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	480	...	...	3.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	530	...	...	3.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	515	...	...	3.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,135	...	...	7.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,050	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,115	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,135	...	...	7.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,025	...	...	7.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,720	...	...	39.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,055	...	...	14.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,360	...	...	9.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,305	...	...	15.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	11,005	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,680	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	5,325	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.9	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,580	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,890	2,320	1,570	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,800	49,600	43,600	46,800	49,600	43,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200	42,800	39,200	41,200	42,800	39,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	11,000	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,600	...	...	124,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,800	...	...	110,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,665	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,700	...	...	103,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,350	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,200	...	...	152,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,800	...	...	135,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,565	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	92,400	...	...	92,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,910	2,300	1,615	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	55,200	56,600	53,150	55,200	56,600	53,150
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,320	47,040	45,280	46,320	47,040	45,280
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	45,440	23,075	22,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	15,070	7,800	7,265	33.2	33.8	32.5
0 to 5 years	5,170	2,675	2,490	11.4	11.6	11.1
18 to 64 years	26,385	13,230	13,150	58.1	57.3	58.8
65 years and over	3,995	2,045	1,950	8.8	8.9	8.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,230	2,080	2,150	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,600	840	760	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	645	345	300	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,075	1,010	1,065	...	...	...
65 years and over	555	230	325	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.3	9.0	9.6	9.3	9.0	9.6
0 to 17 years (%)	10.6	10.7	10.5	10.6	10.7	10.5
0 to 5 years (%)	12.4	12.8	12.1	12.4	12.8	12.1
18 to 64 years (%)	7.9	7.6	8.1	7.9	7.6	8.1
65 years and over (%)	14.0	11.4	16.6	14.0	11.4	16.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	28,640	14,690	13,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	8,920	4,620	4,305	31.1	31.4	30.9
0 to 5 years	3,165	1,640	1,520	11.1	11.2	10.9
18 to 64 years	16,850	8,570	8,280	58.8	58.3	59.4
65 years and over	2,870	1,505	1,365	10.0	10.2	9.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	700	405	295	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	205	125	80	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	85	55	35	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	465	270	200	...	...	...
65 years and over	30	10	15	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.4	2.8	2.1	2.4	2.8	2.1
0 to 17 years (%)	2.3	2.7	1.9	2.3	2.7	1.9
0 to 5 years (%)	2.6	3.2	2.0	2.6	3.2	2.0
18 to 64 years (%)	2.8	3.1	2.4	2.8	3.1	2.4
65 years and over (%)	1.0	0.9	1.2	1.0	0.9	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	45,440	23,075	22,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	21,155	10,540	10,615	46.6	45.7	47.5
In bottom decile	3,445	1,730	1,715	7.6	7.5	7.7
In second decile	3,925	1,920	2,005	8.6	8.3	9.0
In third decile	4,210	2,075	2,130	9.3	9.0	9.5
In fourth decile	4,530	2,270	2,260	10.0	9.8	10.1
In fifth decile	5,045	2,550	2,500	11.1	11.1	11.2
In top half of the distribution	24,290	12,540	11,755	53.5	54.3	52.5
In sixth decile	5,230	2,670	2,565	11.5	11.6	11.5
In seventh decile	5,250	2,695	2,555	11.6	11.7	11.4
In eighth decile	5,285	2,750	2,535	11.6	11.9	11.3
In ninth decile	5,040	2,570	2,470	11.1	11.1	11.0
In top decile	3,480	1,855	1,625	7.7	8.0	7.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	45,445	...	...	45,445	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.284	...	...	0.284	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.426	...	...	0.426	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.261	...	...	0.261	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	45,620	23,155	22,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	22,725	11,445	11,285	49.8	49.4	50.2
French only	9,870	4,985	4,880	21.6	21.5	21.7
English and French	10,855	5,620	5,235	23.8	24.3	23.3
Neither English nor French	2,170	1,105	1,065	4.8	4.8	4.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	45,620	23,155	22,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	24,820	12,460	12,355	54.4	53.8	55.0
French	14,170	7,390	6,780	31.1	31.9	30.2
English and French	4,490	2,215	2,280	9.8	9.6	10.1
Neither English nor French	2,140	1,085	1,050	4.7	4.7	4.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	45,620	23,155	22,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	43,815	22,240	21,570	96.0	96.0	96.0
Official languages	16,660	8,725	7,935	36.5	37.7	35.3
English	3,030	1,600	1,430	6.6	6.9	6.4
French	13,630	7,125	6,510	29.9	30.8	29.0
Non-official languages	27,155	13,520	13,630	59.5	58.4	60.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	26,770	13,285	13,485	58.7	57.4	60.0
Algonquian languages	14,480	7,215	7,260	31.7	31.2	32.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	14,450	7,205	7,245	31.7	31.1	32.3
Atikamekw	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	14,420	7,195	7,225	31.6	31.1	32.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	545	285	265	1.2	1.2	1.2
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	3,065	1,485	1,580	6.7	6.4	7.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	80	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.	10,600	5,315	5,285	23.2	23.0	23.5
Innu (Montagnais)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	12,275	6,065	6,210	26.9	26.2	27.6
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	12,275	6,065	6,210	26.9	26.2	27.6
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	380	230	150	0.8	1.0	0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	65	50	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	45	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	150	85	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	90	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,805	910	895	4.0	3.9	4.0
English and French	200	110	95	0.4	0.5	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,385	705	685	3.0	3.0	3.0
French and non-official language(s)	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	45,620	23,155	22,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,685	1,435	1,255	5.9	6.2	5.6
French	13,075	6,800	6,275	28.7	29.4	27.9
Non-official language	16,960	8,545	8,415	37.2	36.9	37.5
Indigenous³⁹	16,895	8,510	8,390	37.0	36.8	37.3
Non-Indigenous	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and French	710	385	330	1.6	1.7	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	11,030	5,390	5,635	24.2	23.3	25.1
French and non-official language(s)	225	115	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	855	435	420	1.9	1.9	1.9
Multiple non-official languages	70	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	45,620	23,155	22,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	42,450	21,555	20,900	93.1	93.1	93.0
Official languages	19,000	9,815	9,185	41.6	42.4	40.9
English	5,380	2,725	2,655	11.8	11.8	11.8
French	13,620	7,090	6,535	29.9	30.6	29.1
Non-official languages	23,455	11,740	11,710	51.4	50.7	52.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	23,305	11,655	11,650	51.1	50.3	51.9
Algonquian languages	11,720	5,875	5,850	25.7	25.4	26.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	11,720	5,875	5,845	25.7	25.4	26.0
Atikamekw	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	11,710	5,870	5,845	25.7	25.4	26.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	555	295	265	1.2	1.3	1.2
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	2,435	1,170	1,260	5.3	5.1	5.6
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	60	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.	8,570	4,315	4,255	18.8	18.6	18.9
Innu (Montagnais)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	11,570	5,765	5,800	25.4	24.9	25.8
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	11,570	5,765	5,800	25.4	24.9	25.8
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	145	90	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25	25	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	25	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,170	1,595	1,565	6.9	6.9	7.0
English and French	190	110	80	0.4	0.5	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	2,800	1,400	1,395	6.1	6.0	6.2
French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	45,620	23,155	22,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	35,655	18,245	17,405	78.2	78.8	77.5
English	6,400	3,145	3,250	14.0	13.6	14.5
French	405	225	185	0.9	1.0	0.8
Non-official language	2,500	1,210	1,290	5.5	5.2	5.7
Indigenous³⁹	2,320	1,115	1,205	5.1	4.8	5.4
Non-Indigenous	180	95	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	345	170	170	0.8	0.7	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	80	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	155	65	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	45,480	23,090	22,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	43,305	21,985	21,320	95.2	95.2	95.2
English	33,560	17,050	16,510	73.8	73.8	73.8
French	20,615	10,570	10,045	45.3	45.8	44.9
Non-official languages	30,715	15,325	15,400	67.5	66.4	68.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	29,860	14,870	14,995	65.7	64.4	67.0
Algonquian languages	17,025	8,505	8,520	37.4	36.8	38.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	17,015	8,495	8,515	37.4	36.8	38.0
Atikamekw	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cree languages	16,990	8,485	8,500	37.4	36.7	38.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	820	415	405	1.8	1.8	1.8
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	3,900	1,880	2,025	8.6	8.1	9.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	70	30	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	240	115	125	0.5	0.5	0.6
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.	12,145	6,130	6,010	26.7	26.5	26.8
Innu (Montagnais)	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Naskapi	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	12,940	6,425	6,515	28.5	27.8	29.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	12,935	6,425	6,510	28.4	27.8	29.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous languages	950	495	455	2.1	2.1	2.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	140	80	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	140	80	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	135	75	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	110	75	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	65	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	490	235	255	1.1	1.0	1.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	50	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
German	50	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	390	175	220	0.9	0.8	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	345	150	195	0.8	0.6	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	130	75	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	45,480	23,090	22,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	31,170	15,600	15,570	68.5	67.6	69.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	30,605	15,290	15,315	67.3	66.2	68.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	17,520	8,785	8,730	38.5	38.0	39.0
Métis	425	245	185	0.9	1.1	0.8
Inuk (Inuit)	12,660	6,260	6,400	27.8	27.1	28.6
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	200	110	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	370	205	170	0.8	0.9	0.8
Non-Indigenous identity	14,305	7,490	6,815	31.5	32.4	30.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	45,480	23,090	22,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	17,645	8,875	8,770	38.8	38.4	39.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	27,830	14,215	13,615	61.2	61.6	60.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	14,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	5,185	...	...	35.6	...	...
Renter	6,465	...	...	44.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	2,900	...	...	19.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	14,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	720	...	...	4.9	...	...
Not condominium	13,830	...	...	95.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	14,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	40	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	1,055	...	...	7.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,585	...	...	31.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,470	...	...	30.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,405	...	...	30.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	14,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,715	...	...	32.4	...	...
5 rooms	3,125	...	...	21.5	...	...
6 rooms	2,300	...	...	15.8	...	...
7 rooms	1,825	...	...	12.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,585	...	...	17.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	14,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	13,080	...	...	89.9	...	...
More than one person per room	1,480	...	...	10.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	14,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	12,240	...	...	84.1	...	...
Not suitable	2,315	...	...	15.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	14,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	955	...	...	6.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,030	...	...	27.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,430	...	...	16.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,395	...	...	16.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,070	...	...	7.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	945	...	...	6.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,270	...	...	8.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,455	...	...	10.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	14,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	12,095	...	...	83.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,460	...	...	16.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	14,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	8,625	...	...	59.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	5,205	...	...	35.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	720	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	14,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	555	...	...	3.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,690	...	...	18.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,865	...	...	19.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,965	...	...	20.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,855	...	...	19.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,815	...	...	12.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	660	...	...	4.5	...	...
85 years and over	155	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	10,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	9,825	...	...	93.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	650	...	...	6.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	575	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	14,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,685	...	...	32.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	540	...	...	3.7	...	...
Not suitable only	1,660	...	...	11.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,745	...	...	12.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	630	...	...	4.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	9,870	...	...	67.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	10,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,700	...	...	16.3	...	...
Not in core need	8,705	...	...	83.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,620	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.6	...	...	57.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.7	...	...	4.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	810	...	...	810	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	933	...	...	933	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	150,000	...	...	150,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	178,400	...	...	178,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,875	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	50.9	...	...	50.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	25.5	...	...	25.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	572	...	...	572	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	541	...	...	541	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,900	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	480	...	...	480	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	486	...	...	486	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	45,475	23,095	22,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	27,715	13,845	13,875	60.9	59.9	62.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	27,205	13,585	13,620	59.8	58.8	60.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	15,910	7,970	7,935	35.0	34.5	35.4
Métis single ancestry	95	65	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	11,205	5,545	5,660	24.6	24.0	25.3
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	515	260	250	1.1	1.1	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	490	250	235	1.1	1.1	1.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,900	1,980	1,920	8.6	8.6	8.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,660	1,875	1,780	8.0	8.1	8.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,405	1,240	1,160	5.3	5.4	5.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,190	585	605	2.6	2.5	2.7
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	240	105	135	0.5	0.5	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	225	100	125	0.5	0.4	0.6
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	13,860	7,265	6,600	30.5	31.5	29.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	45,475	23,095	22,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	45,100	22,860	22,235	99.2	99.0	99.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	15,075	7,825	7,250	33.2	33.9	32.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	30,015	15,035	14,985	66.0	65.1	66.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	380	230	150	0.8	1.0	0.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	45,475	23,095	22,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	44,720	22,630	22,090	98.3	98.0	98.7
Immigrants⁸¹	545	330	215	1.2	1.4	1.0
Before 1980	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
1980 to 1990	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
1991 to 2000	60	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
2001 to 2010	145	80	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	225	130	95	0.5	0.6	0.4
2011 to 2015	110	65	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
2016 to 2021	110	65	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	215	135	80	0.5	0.6	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	545	325	215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	50	30	15	9.2	9.2	7.0
5 to 14 years	105	55	45	19.3	16.9	20.9
15 to 24 years	90	50	40	16.5	15.4	18.6
25 to 44 years	260	160	100	47.7	49.2	46.5
45 years and over	40	25	15	7.3	7.7	7.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	545	325	215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	95	60	40	17.4	18.5	18.6
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	0	0	1.8	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	10	10	0	1.8	3.1	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	25	20	10	4.6	6.2	4.7
Jamaica	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	4.7
Mexico	10	0	0	1.8	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	30	15	15	5.5	4.6	7.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	15	10	3.7	4.6	4.7
Europe	120	70	45	22.0	21.5	20.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	1.8	3.1	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	65	35	30	11.9	10.8	14.0
Germany	10	10	0	1.8	3.1	0.0
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	15	10	2.8	4.6	4.7
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	1.8	0.0	4.7
Africa	235	150	85	43.1	46.2	39.5
Algeria	20	10	0	3.7	3.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	20	10	4.6	6.2	4.7
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	30	20	10	5.5	6.2	4.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	1.8	3.1	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	155	95	60	28.4	29.2	27.9
Asia	90	40	45	16.5	12.3	20.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	10	0	1.8	3.1	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	10	0	1.8	3.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	10	0	0.0	3.1	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	10	0	0.0	3.1	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	35	15	20	6.4	4.6	9.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	1.8	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	15	10	3.7	4.6	4.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	110	70	45	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	10	10	10	9.1	14.3	22.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	25	15	0	22.7	21.4	0.0
France	15	10	10	13.6	14.3	22.2
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	65	40	25	59.1	57.1	55.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	10	10	0	9.1	14.3	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	15	10	0	13.6	14.3	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	22.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	30	15	15	27.3	21.4	33.3
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0	9.1	0.0	0.0
Asia	10	0	10	9.1	0.0	22.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	45,480	23,090	22,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	855	495	360	1.9	2.1	1.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	560	285	285	1.2	1.2	1.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	44,055	22,320	21,740	96.9	96.7	97.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	475	280	195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	255	150	105	53.7	53.6	53.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	125	90	35	26.3	32.1	17.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	130	60	70	27.4	21.4	35.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	155	80	80	32.6	28.6	41.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	50	40	10	10.5	14.3	5.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	15	0	3.2	5.4	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	475	280	195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	40	30	10	8.4	10.7	5.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	50	35	15	10.5	12.5	7.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	0	10	2.1	0.0	5.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	25	15	10	5.3	5.4	5.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	345	190	155	72.6	67.9	79.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	45,480	23,090	22,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	855	460	395	1.9	2.0	1.8
South Asian	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	45	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Black	395	215	180	0.9	0.9	0.8
Filipino	125	80	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Arab	155	95	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Latin American	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southeast Asian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
West Asian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	44,625	22,630	21,990	98.1	98.0	98.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	45,475	23,095	22,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	5,760	3,045	2,715	12.7	13.2	12.1
English	540	280	265	1.2	1.2	1.2
Irish	845	415	430	1.9	1.8	1.9
Scottish	1,035	525	510	2.3	2.3	2.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,390	1,730	1,660	7.5	7.5	7.4
German	195	100	105	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese	60	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
Italian	175	95	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indian (India)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	55	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dutch	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	50	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Québécois	3,440	1,740	1,700	7.6	7.5	7.6
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	115	50	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Filipino	125	75	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
French Canadian	1,780	890	890	3.9	3.9	4.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,025	545	475	2.3	2.4	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,830	905	930	4.0	3.9	4.2
Métis	195	125	70	0.4	0.5	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	250	125	125	0.5	0.5	0.6
Russian	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	355	195	155	0.8	0.8	0.7
Welsh	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American	105	60	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Spanish	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Acadian	110	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	110	60	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jewish	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Greek	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	14,760	7,385	7,375	32.5	32.0	33.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	150	90	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
Danish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	650	355	295	1.4	1.5	1.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian	90	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sri Lankan	0	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	135	65	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	13,095	6,475	6,625	28.8	28.0	29.6
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	420	190	235	0.9	0.8	1.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	310	185	130	0.7	0.8	0.6
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamileke	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	45,475	23,090	22,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Christian	32,835	16,590	16,240	72.2	71.8	72.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,845	885	955	4.1	3.8	4.3
Anabaptist	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	16,495	8,240	8,250	36.3	35.7	36.9
Baptist	195	100	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catholic	10,965	5,745	5,225	24.1	24.9	23.3
Christian Orthodox	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jehovah's Witness	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latter Day Saints	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	0	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,820	1,360	1,460	6.2	5.9	6.5
Presbyterian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	385	185	200	0.8	0.8	0.9
Hindu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	215	115	95	0.5	0.5	0.4
Sikh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	870	460	415	1.9	2.0	1.9
Other religions and spiritual traditions	180	90	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	11,335	5,820	5,515	24.9	25.2	24.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	44,560	22,620	21,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	41,245	20,980	20,270	92.6	92.7	92.4
Movers	3,315	1,645	1,670	7.4	7.3	7.6
Non-migrants	2,180	1,030	1,145	4.9	4.6	5.2
Migrants	1,135	610	520	2.5	2.7	2.4
Internal migrants	1,040	555	490	2.3	2.5	2.2
Intraprovincial migrants	915	485	425	2.1	2.1	1.9
Interprovincial migrants	130	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	90	60	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	41,075	20,805	20,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	28,765	14,670	14,095	70.0	70.5	69.5
Movers	12,310	6,130	6,175	30.0	29.5	30.5
Non-migrants	7,325	3,590	3,730	17.8	17.3	18.4
Migrants	4,985	2,540	2,440	12.1	12.2	12.0
Internal migrants	4,725	2,380	2,345	11.5	11.4	11.6
Intraprovincial migrants	4,310	2,170	2,140	10.5	10.4	10.6
Interprovincial migrants	410	210	200	1.0	1.0	1.0
External migrants	260	165	95	0.6	0.8	0.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	32,690	16,515	16,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	16,285	8,820	7,465	49.8	53.4	46.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	16,405	7,695	8,710	50.2	46.6	53.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	21,780	10,830	10,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,550	5,180	4,365	43.8	47.8	39.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	12,225	5,650	6,580	56.1	52.2	60.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	32,690	16,515	16,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,375	7,590	6,785	44.0	46.0	41.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,115	2,730	3,395	18.7	16.5	21.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,200	6,195	6,000	37.3	37.5	37.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,780	5,265	4,515	29.9	31.9	27.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,765	3,195	1,570	14.6	19.3	9.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,055	1,925	1,135	9.3	11.7	7.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,710	1,275	435	5.2	7.7	2.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,250	1,810	2,440	13.0	11.0	15.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	765	260	505	2.3	1.6	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,420	930	1,490	7.4	5.6	9.2
Bachelor's degree	1,710	660	1,050	5.2	4.0	6.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	180	70	115	0.6	0.4	0.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Master's degree	415	150	265	1.3	0.9	1.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	21,775	10,830	10,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,935	4,175	3,765	36.4	38.6	34.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,675	1,580	2,095	16.9	14.6	19.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,160	5,070	5,090	46.7	46.8	46.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,060	4,290	3,775	37.0	39.6	34.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,930	2,600	1,330	18.0	24.0	12.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,555	1,580	975	11.7	14.6	8.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,375	1,020	360	6.3	9.4	3.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,485	1,475	2,010	16.0	13.6	18.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	640	215	430	2.9	2.0	3.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,100	780	1,320	9.6	7.2	12.1
Bachelor's degree	1,475	565	915	6.8	5.2	8.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	145	50	100	0.7	0.5	0.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Master's degree	380	125	255	1.7	1.2	2.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	65	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	32,690	16,515	16,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,490	10,315	10,175	62.7	62.5	62.9
Education	1,125	230	895	3.4	1.4	5.5
13. Education	1,125	230	895	3.4	1.4	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	195	100	90	0.6	0.6	0.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	170	85	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
Humanities	485	200	285	1.5	1.2	1.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	100	25	70	0.3	0.2	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	275	125	150	0.8	0.8	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,220	230	990	3.7	1.4	6.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	80	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	650	25	630	2.0	0.2	3.9
22. Legal professions and studies	75	20	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	95	15	80	0.3	0.1	0.5
45. Social sciences	235	105	130	0.7	0.6	0.8
Business, management and public administration	2,110	575	1,535	6.5	3.5	9.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	265	60	205	0.8	0.4	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,845	515	1,325	5.6	3.1	8.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	265	135	130	0.8	0.8	0.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	75	25	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
40. Physical sciences	75	50	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	205	130	75	0.6	0.8	0.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	160	120	35	0.5	0.7	0.2
25. Library science	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,210	2,885	325	9.8	17.5	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	50	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	175	140	30	0.5	0.8	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	875	760	115	2.7	4.6	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	895	825	70	2.7	5.0	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	865	805	60	2.6	4.9	0.4
48. Precision production	355	330	25	1.1	2.0	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	355	275	85	1.1	1.7	0.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	50	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	300	245	55	0.9	1.5	0.3
Health and related fields	1,440	325	1,115	4.4	2.0	6.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	105	65	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,325	250	1,080	4.1	1.5	6.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,585	1,110	475	4.8	6.7	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	445	110	335	1.4	0.7	2.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	400	315	80	1.2	1.9	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	740	680	65	2.3	4.1	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	21,780	10,825	10,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,615	5,760	5,855	53.3	53.2	53.5
Education	865	160	705	4.0	1.5	6.4
13. Education	865	160	705	4.0	1.5	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	135	65	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	120	60	60	0.6	0.6	0.5
Humanities	340	140	200	1.6	1.3	1.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	25	55	0.4	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	170	80	90	0.8	0.7	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
54. History	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,070	195	870	4.9	1.8	7.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	60	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	580	20	555	2.7	0.2	5.1
22. Legal professions and studies	60	20	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	85	15	75	0.4	0.1	0.7
45. Social sciences	205	95	110	0.9	0.9	1.0
Business, management and public administration	1,865	510	1,355	8.6	4.7	12.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	235	55	180	1.1	0.5	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,635	455	1,175	7.5	4.2	10.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	175	85	90	0.8	0.8	0.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	70	25	50	0.3	0.2	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	55	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	175	115	60	0.8	1.1	0.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	145	105	35	0.7	1.0	0.3
25. Library science	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,660	2,380	280	12.2	22.0	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	40	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	155	125	30	0.7	1.2	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	740	655	85	3.4	6.1	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	745	680	70	3.4	6.3	0.6
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	690	635	55	3.2	5.9	0.5
48. Precision production	280	255	30	1.3	2.4	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	300	225	70	1.4	2.1	0.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	40	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	260	210	50	1.2	1.9	0.5
Health and related fields	1,240	265	975	5.7	2.4	8.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	75	40	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,165	215	950	5.3	2.0	8.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,325	930	400	6.1	8.6	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	380	105	275	1.7	1.0	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	345	275	70	1.6	2.5	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	610	550	55	2.8	5.1	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	21,780	10,825	10,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,615	5,760	5,855	53.3	53.2	53.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	10,160	5,070	5,090	46.6	46.8	46.5
Location of study inside Canada	9,870	4,900	4,975	45.3	45.3	45.4
Same as province or territory of residence	8,725	4,405	4,320	40.1	40.7	39.5
Different than province or territory of residence	1,145	495	655	5.3	4.6	6.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	290	175	120	1.3	1.6	1.1
Americas	45	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
United States of America	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	80	40	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	50	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germany	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Africa	80	45	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asia	80	55	25	0.4	0.5	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	75	50	20	0.3	0.5	0.2
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	32,690	16,515	16,175	...	...	...
In the labour force	20,615	10,570	10,050	...	...	...
Employed	19,115	9,720	9,390	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,500	840	660	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	12,075	5,950	6,125	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.1	64.0	62.1	63.1	64.0	62.1
Employment rate	58.5	58.9	58.1	58.5	58.9	58.1
Unemployment rate	7.3	7.9	6.6	7.3	7.9	6.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	32,690	16,515	16,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	11,710	5,720	5,985	35.8	34.6	37.0
Worked	20,980	10,795	10,190	64.2	65.4	63.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	12,980	6,610	6,375	39.7	40.0	39.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	7,995	4,180	3,815	24.5	25.3	23.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.7	42.3	43.1	42.7	42.3	43.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	20,615	10,565	10,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	490	290	205	2.4	2.7	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	20,120	10,275	9,845	97.6	97.3	98.0
Employee	19,260	9,740	9,520	93.4	92.2	94.7
Permanent position	15,805	7,975	7,825	76.7	75.5	77.9
Temporary position	3,455	1,760	1,695	16.8	16.7	16.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,045	465	575	5.1	4.4	5.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,415	1,300	1,120	11.7	12.3	11.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	860	535	325	4.2	5.1	3.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	20,615	10,565	10,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	490	290	205	2.4	2.7	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	20,120	10,275	9,845	97.6	97.3	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	220	145	80	1.1	1.4	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,985	705	2,275	14.5	6.7	22.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	665	540	130	3.2	5.1	1.3
3 Health occupations	1,150	250	905	5.6	2.4	9.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,950	1,080	2,870	19.2	10.2	28.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	645	280	365	3.1	2.7	3.6
6 Sales and service occupations	4,920	2,215	2,705	23.9	21.0	26.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,070	3,770	295	19.7	35.7	2.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	780	645	140	3.8	6.1	1.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	735	650	90	3.6	6.2	0.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	20,615	10,565	10,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	490	290	205	2.4	2.7	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	20,120	10,275	9,845	97.6	97.3	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	450	320	130	2.2	3.0	1.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	970	800	170	4.7	7.6	1.7
22 Utilities	365	345	20	1.8	3.3	0.2
23 Construction	920	770	145	4.5	7.3	1.4
31-33 Manufacturing	1,105	960	140	5.4	9.1	1.4
41 Wholesale trade	135	95	40	0.7	0.9	0.4
44-45 Retail trade	1,915	960	960	9.3	9.1	9.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	690	515	175	3.3	4.9	1.7
51 Information and cultural industries	180	100	75	0.9	0.9	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	150	10	145	0.7	0.1	1.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	345	240	105	1.7	2.3	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	360	170	190	1.7	1.6	1.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	590	370	220	2.9	3.5	2.2
61 Educational services	2,295	695	1,595	11.1	6.6	15.9
62 Health care and social assistance	4,315	1,005	3,310	20.9	9.5	32.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	350	215	135	1.7	2.0	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	845	275	570	4.1	2.6	5.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	685	400	285	3.3	3.8	2.8
91 Public administration	3,430	2,010	1,420	16.6	19.0	14.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	22,735	11,695	11,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,640	1,375	1,270	11.6	11.8	11.5
French	6,800	3,755	3,045	29.9	32.1	27.6
Non-official language	2,990	1,590	1,405	13.2	13.6	12.7
Indigenous³⁹	2,980	1,580	1,405	13.1	13.5	12.7
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	1,880	990	890	8.3	8.5	8.1
English and non-official language(s)	7,275	3,485	3,790	32.0	29.8	34.3
French and non-official language(s)	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,080	470	610	4.8	4.0	5.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	22,735	11,695	11,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	20,505	10,700	9,800	90.2	91.5	88.8
Official languages	13,155	6,980	6,170	57.9	59.7	55.9
English	5,245	2,650	2,595	23.1	22.7	23.5
French	7,905	4,330	3,575	34.8	37.0	32.4
Non-official languages	7,355	3,725	3,635	32.4	31.9	32.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	7,350	3,720	3,635	32.3	31.8	32.9
Algonquian languages	3,705	1,910	1,790	16.3	16.3	16.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	3,705	1,910	1,790	16.3	16.3	16.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	3,705	1,910	1,790	16.3	16.3	16.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	110	65	40	0.5	0.6	0.4
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	725	360	365	3.2	3.1	3.3
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	2,830	1,465	1,370	12.4	12.5	12.4
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	3,645	1,805	1,845	16.0	15.4	16.7
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	3,645	1,805	1,845	16.0	15.4	16.7
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,225	995	1,235	9.8	8.5	11.2
English and French	365	175	190	1.6	1.5	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	1,660	725	935	7.3	6.2	8.5
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	170	75	90	0.7	0.6	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	22,735	11,695	11,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	14,415	7,630	6,790	63.4	65.2	61.5
English	5,055	2,505	2,555	22.2	21.4	23.2
French	735	360	370	3.2	3.1	3.4
Non-official language	1,845	880	965	8.1	7.5	8.7
Indigenous³⁹	1,835	875	960	8.1	7.5	8.7
Non-Indigenous	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	325	160	165	1.4	1.4	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	305	130	175	1.3	1.1	1.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	19,115	9,720	9,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	780	350	435	4.1	3.6	4.6
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No fixed workplace address	2,000	1,520	480	10.5	15.6	5.1
Usual place of work	16,330	7,855	8,475	85.4	80.8	90.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	16,335	7,855	8,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,950	6,540	7,405	85.4	83.3	87.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,990	1,050	945	12.2	13.4	11.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	375	255	120	2.3	3.2	1.4
Commute to a different province or territory	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	18,330	9,370	8,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	12,850	6,755	6,095	70.1	72.1	68.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	10,795	5,810	4,990	58.9	62.0	55.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,050	945	1,105	11.2	10.1	12.3
Public transit	140	85	55	0.8	0.9	0.6
Walked	3,440	1,460	1,985	18.8	15.6	22.2
Bicycle	120	85	40	0.7	0.9	0.4
Other method	1,770	995	780	9.7	10.6	8.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	18,330	9,370	8,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	15,075	7,350	7,725	82.2	78.4	86.3
15 to 29 minutes	1,795	1,030	765	9.8	11.0	8.5
30 to 44 minutes	500	295	205	2.7	3.1	2.3
45 to 59 minutes	260	170	90	1.4	1.8	1.0
60 minutes and over	700	525	175	3.8	5.6	2.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	18,330	9,370	8,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	780	655	125	4.3	7.0	1.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,415	1,160	250	7.7	12.4	2.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,570	1,995	1,575	19.5	21.3	17.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,565	2,765	3,800	35.8	29.5	42.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,235	1,785	2,450	23.1	19.1	27.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,770	1,010	760	9.7	10.8	8.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	15,330	7,930	7,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,580	5,500	5,075	69.0	69.4	68.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,750	2,425	2,325	31.0	30.6	31.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	10,655	5,500	5,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,585	3,960	3,625	71.2	72.0	70.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5,935	3,180	2,760	55.7	57.8	53.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,650	785	865	15.5	14.3	16.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,070	1,545	1,530	28.8	28.1	29.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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