Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Mount RoyalMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	112,705	53,640	59,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,725	10,105	9,620	17.5	18.8	16.3
0 to 4 years	5,880	3,010	2,865	5.2	5.6	4.9
5 to 9 years	6,800	3,485	3,315	6.0	6.5	5.6
10 to 14 years	7,040	3,610	3,430	6.2	6.7	5.8
15 to 64 years	71,000	34,320	36,680	63.0	64.0	62.1
15 to 19 years	6,790	3,520	3,265	6.0	6.6	5.5
20 to 24 years	8,000	4,140	3,855	7.1	7.7	6.5
25 to 29 years	7,240	3,735	3,505	6.4	7.0	5.9
30 to 34 years	6,935	3,330	3,605	6.2	6.2	6.1
35 to 39 years	7,490	3,470	4,015	6.6	6.5	6.8
40 to 44 years	7,895	3,635	4,260	7.0	6.8	7.2
45 to 49 years	7,190	3,355	3,835	6.4	6.3	6.5
50 to 54 years	6,865	3,225	3,635	6.1	6.0	6.2
55 to 59 years	6,520	3,050	3,460	5.8	5.7	5.9
60 to 64 years	6,075	2,845	3,235	5.4	5.3	5.5
65 years and over	21,980	9,215	12,765	19.5	17.2	21.6
65 to 69 years	5,525	2,475	3,050	4.9	4.6	5.2
70 to 74 years	5,305	2,330	2,975	4.7	4.3	5.0
75 to 79 years	4,055	1,720	2,340	3.6	3.2	4.0
80 to 84 years	3,065	1,230	1,840	2.7	2.3	3.1
85 years and over	4,020	1,460	2,565	3.6	2.7	4.3
85 to 89 years	2,195	865	1,330	1.9	1.6	2.3
90 to 94 years	1,285	450	835	1.1	0.8	1.4
95 to 99 years	460	120	340	0.4	0.2	0.6
100 years and over	85	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.5	18.8	16.3	17.5	18.8	16.3
15 to 64 years	63.0	64.0	62.1	63.0	64.0	62.1
65 years and over	19.5	17.2	21.6	19.5	17.2	21.6
85 years and over	3.6	2.7	4.3	3.6	2.7	4.3
Average age of the population	41.1	39.4	42.7	41.1	39.4	42.7
Median age of the population	40.0	38.0	42.0	40.0	38.0	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	46,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	6,025	...	...	13.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,505	...	...	7.6	...	...
Row house	1,030	...	...	2.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,210	...	...	9.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	16,025	...	...	34.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	15,210	...	...	33.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	46,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	15,375	...	...	33.4	...	...
2 persons	13,250	...	...	28.8	...	...
3 persons	7,050	...	...	15.3	...	...
4 persons	6,300	...	...	13.7	...	...
5 or more persons	4,080	...	...	8.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	111,085	53,080	57,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	92,975	43,535	49,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	49,010	24,285	24,725	52.7	55.8	50.0
Married	42,905	21,240	21,660	46.1	48.8	43.8
Living common-law	6,100	3,040	3,065	6.6	7.0	6.2
Living common law - Never married	4,660	2,280	2,375	5.0	5.2	4.8
Living common law - Separated	160	95	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Living common law - Divorced	1,165	605	560	1.3	1.4	1.1
Living common law - Widowed	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	43,970	19,250	24,720	47.3	44.2	50.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	30,005	15,335	14,670	32.3	35.2	29.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,095	775	1,325	2.3	1.8	2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,645	2,265	4,375	7.1	5.2	8.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,220	865	4,355	5.6	2.0	8.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	28,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	12,585	...	...	43.9	...	...
3 persons	6,600	...	...	23.0	...	...
4 persons	6,060	...	...	21.2	...	...
5 or more persons	3,390	...	...	11.8	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	28,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	23,405	...	...	81.7	...	...
Married couples	20,350	...	...	71.1	...	...
With children⁶	12,820	...	...	44.8	...	...
Without children	7,530	...	...	26.3	...	...
Common-law couples	3,055	...	...	10.7	...	...
With children⁶	1,205	...	...	4.2	...	...
Without children	1,845	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,230	...	...	18.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,415	...	...	15.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	820	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	111,085	53,085	57,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	87,885	42,955	44,930	79.1	80.9	77.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	46,805	23,400	23,405	42.1	44.1	40.4
Parents in one-parent families	5,235	815	4,420	4.7	1.5	7.6
Children⁶	35,845	18,735	17,105	32.3	35.3	29.5
In a two-parent family	27,935	14,540	13,400	25.1	27.4	23.1
In a one-parent family	7,910	4,200	3,710	7.1	7.9	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	23,200	10,130	13,065	20.9	19.1	22.5
Living alone	15,375	6,365	9,010	13.8	12.0	15.5
Living with other relatives⁷	2,980	1,150	1,830	2.7	2.2	3.2
Living with non-relatives only	4,840	2,615	2,230	4.4	4.9	3.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	46,065	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,290	...	...	57.1	...	...
Couple-family households	21,795	...	...	47.3	...	...
With children⁶	13,070	...	...	28.4	...	...
Without children	8,725	...	...	18.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,495	...	...	9.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	805	...	...	1.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	105	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	965	...	...	2.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,515	...	...	5.5	...	...
One-person households	15,375	...	...	33.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	91,365	42,985	48,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,205	40,875	46,330	95.4	95.1	95.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	38,000	34,800	36,400	38,000	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,220	40,885	46,335	95.5	95.1	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	34,000	32,000	32,800	34,000	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,090	36,585	40,500	84.4	85.1	83.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,600	33,600	25,000	28,600	33,600	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	61,515	30,540	30,975	67.3	71.0	64.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,200	32,800	24,600	28,200	32,800	24,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,795	32,515	41,285	80.8	75.6	85.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,500	9,800	12,700	11,500	9,800	12,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,345	3,590	4,750	9.1	8.4	9.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,760	5,480	5,480	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,465	15,570	15,900	34.4	36.2	32.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	91,430	43,005	48,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,285	40,930	46,355	95.5	95.2	95.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	63,500	77,000	51,600	63,500	77,000	51,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,310	40,945	46,365	95.5	95.2	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,360	55,800	41,760	48,360	55,800	41,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,235	36,765	40,470	84.5	85.5	83.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,850	75,900	45,240	59,850	75,900	45,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	61,555	30,760	30,795	67.3	71.5	63.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,800	67,900	41,800	54,800	67,900	41,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,995	32,680	41,315	80.9	76.0	85.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,450	11,040	13,580	12,450	11,040	13,580
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,270	3,640	4,630	9.0	8.5	9.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,860	5,755	7,720	6,860	5,755	7,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,390	15,650	15,745	34.3	36.4	32.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,240	9,150	9,320	9,240	9,150	9,320
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	91,430	43,005	48,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,640	13,885	11,755	28.0	32.3	24.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	64,500	52,800	58,400	64,500	52,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	95,500	115,200	72,300	95,500	115,200	72,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,775	13,010	14,770	30.4	30.3	30.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,600	15,700	13,800	14,600	15,700	13,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,000	31,920	24,560	28,000	31,920	24,560
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.4	88.6	76.6	83.4	88.6	76.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.9	66.2	53.8	60.9	66.2	53.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.6	11.4	23.4	16.6	11.4	23.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.5	1.0	0.7	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.8	4.9	7.0	5.8	4.9	7.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.2	4.5	6.1	5.2	4.5	6.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	91,365	42,985	48,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,165	2,110	2,055	4.6	4.9	4.2
With total income	87,205	40,875	46,330	95.4	95.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,105	4,270	4,835	10.4	10.4	10.4
$10,000 to $19,999	11,165	5,235	5,930	12.8	12.8	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	15,530	6,625	8,905	17.8	16.2	19.2
$30,000 to $39,999	11,975	5,355	6,615	13.7	13.1	14.3
$40,000 to $49,999	9,045	3,985	5,060	10.4	9.8	10.9
$50,000 to $59,999	6,320	2,680	3,640	7.3	6.6	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	4,505	1,940	2,565	5.2	4.7	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,360	1,515	1,845	3.9	3.7	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,660	1,275	1,385	3.1	3.1	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,105	1,050	1,055	2.4	2.6	2.3
$100,000 and over	11,430	6,935	4,495	13.1	17.0	9.7
$100,000 to $149,999	5,160	2,780	2,380	5.9	6.8	5.1
$150,000 and over	6,270	4,155	2,115	7.2	10.2	4.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	91,365	42,985	48,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,145	2,100	2,045	4.5	4.9	4.2
With after-tax income	87,220	40,885	46,335	95.5	95.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,505	4,430	5,075	10.9	10.8	11.0
$10,000 to $19,999	11,795	5,565	6,230	13.5	13.6	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	18,040	7,795	10,245	20.7	19.1	22.1
$30,000 to $39,999	13,600	6,195	7,400	15.6	15.2	16.0
$40,000 to $49,999	9,645	4,185	5,465	11.1	10.2	11.8
$50,000 to $59,999	6,375	2,725	3,650	7.3	6.7	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	4,265	1,955	2,315	4.9	4.8	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,020	1,435	1,585	3.5	3.5	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,085	1,060	1,025	2.4	2.6	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,545	825	725	1.8	2.0	1.6
$100,000 and over	7,350	4,720	2,635	8.4	11.5	5.7
$100,000 to $124,999	2,470	1,400	1,070	2.8	3.4	2.3
$125,000 and over	4,885	3,320	1,565	5.6	8.1	3.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	91,365	42,985	48,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	29,850	12,445	17,405	32.7	29.0	36.0
With employment income	61,515	30,540	30,975	67.3	71.0	64.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,070	4,665	5,405	16.4	15.3	17.4
$5,000 to $9,999	6,855	3,065	3,790	11.1	10.0	12.2
$10,000 to $19,999	8,465	3,855	4,610	13.8	12.6	14.9
$20,000 to $29,999	6,500	2,850	3,650	10.6	9.3	11.8
$30,000 to $39,999	5,700	2,840	2,855	9.3	9.3	9.2
$40,000 to $49,999	4,705	2,340	2,370	7.6	7.7	7.6
$50,000 to $59,999	3,465	1,700	1,755	5.6	5.6	5.7
$60,000 to $69,999	2,540	1,290	1,250	4.1	4.2	4.1
$70,000 to $79,999	2,120	1,105	1,015	3.4	3.6	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,850	935	915	3.0	3.1	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,345	775	565	2.2	2.5	1.8
$100,000 and over	7,895	5,110	2,790	12.8	16.7	9.0
$100,000 to $124,999	2,185	1,270	920	3.6	4.1	3.0
$125,000 and over	5,715	3,845	1,870	9.3	12.6	6.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	91,365	42,985	48,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,865	39,160	44,710	91.8	91.1	92.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	35,200	31,200	32,800	35,200	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,890	39,175	44,720	91.8	91.1	92.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	31,600	29,000	30,200	31,600	29,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,150	35,580	39,570	82.3	82.8	81.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	35,200	26,600	30,400	35,200	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	60,375	29,890	30,480	66.1	69.5	63.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,000	34,000	26,400	30,000	34,000	26,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,110	28,385	37,725	72.4	66.0	78.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,680	2,660	7,750	4,680	2,660	7,750
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,980	2,070	2,905	5.5	4.8	6.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,200	4,440	6,200	5,200	4,440	6,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	91,430	43,005	48,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,025	39,290	44,730	91.9	91.4	92.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,250	72,500	47,560	59,250	72,500	47,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,035	39,305	44,735	91.9	91.4	92.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,840	52,200	38,360	44,840	52,200	38,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,120	35,610	39,510	82.2	82.8	81.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,750	74,600	44,440	58,750	74,600	44,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60,235	29,985	30,255	65.9	69.7	62.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,600	67,300	42,040	54,600	67,300	42,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,500	28,585	37,920	72.7	66.5	78.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,480	6,720	9,810	8,480	6,720	9,810
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,955	2,040	2,910	5.4	4.7	6.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,140	5,845	9,750	8,140	5,845	9,750
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	91,430	43,005	48,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,160	13,580	11,580	27.5	31.6	23.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,400	60,000	47,200	52,400	60,000	47,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	87,800	105,800	66,800	87,800	105,800	66,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,130	11,850	13,280	27.5	27.6	27.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	22,400	19,800	20,800	22,400	19,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,560	40,280	29,480	34,560	40,280	29,480
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.6	93.2	82.6	88.6	93.2	82.6
Employment income (%)	66.0	70.8	59.8	66.0	70.8	59.8
Government transfers (%)	11.3	6.7	17.5	11.3	6.7	17.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.4	1.3	0.8	0.4	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	46,060	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	15,375	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,200	...	...	33,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,685	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	46,090	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	120,300	...	...	120,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	91,600	...	...	91,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	15,380	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,500	...	...	55,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,640	...	...	44,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,715	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	152,800	...	...	152,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,100	...	...	115,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	46,065	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	890	...	...	1.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	475	...	...	1.0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	780	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,105	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,865	...	...	6.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,845	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,865	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,920	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,875	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,790	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,370	...	...	7.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,335	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,995	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,600	...	...	5.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,250	...	...	4.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,105	...	...	35.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,085	...	...	8.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,745	...	...	6.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,195	...	...	6.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	6,080	...	...	13.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	46,065	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	995	...	...	2.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	480	...	...	1.0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	805	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,190	...	...	2.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,045	...	...	6.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,155	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,220	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,235	...	...	4.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,185	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,060	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,000	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,810	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,260	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,685	...	...	5.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,175	...	...	4.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,770	...	...	27.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,980	...	...	8.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,365	...	...	5.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,425	...	...	13.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,010	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,835	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,060	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,015	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	20,220	8,980	11,235	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	30,800	33,200	32,400	30,800	33,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,800	28,600	30,800	29,800	28,600	30,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	28,975	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	156,200	...	...	156,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,300	...	...	117,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,830	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	145,600	...	...	145,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	108,200	...	...	108,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,145	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	195,200	...	...	195,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,800	...	...	143,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,935	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,800	...	...	79,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	20,265	9,050	11,210	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,200	50,280	50,120	50,200	50,280	50,120
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,640	39,640	41,480	40,640	39,640	41,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	111,085	53,080	57,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,795	12,205	11,585	21.4	23.0	20.0
0 to 5 years	7,220	3,720	3,500	6.5	7.0	6.0
18 to 64 years	66,735	32,110	34,625	60.1	60.5	59.7
65 years and over	20,550	8,765	11,785	18.5	16.5	20.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	17,110	7,950	9,165	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,180	1,645	1,535	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	955	500	455	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	9,895	4,840	5,060	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,035	1,470	2,565	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.4	15.0	15.8	15.4	15.0	15.8
0 to 17 years (%)	13.4	13.5	13.2	13.4	13.5	13.2
0 to 5 years (%)	13.2	13.4	13.1	13.2	13.4	13.1
18 to 64 years (%)	14.8	15.1	14.6	14.8	15.1	14.6
65 years and over (%)	19.6	16.7	21.8	19.6	16.7	21.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	111,085	53,080	57,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,795	12,205	11,585	21.4	23.0	20.0
0 to 5 years	7,220	3,720	3,500	6.5	7.0	6.0
18 to 64 years	66,735	32,110	34,625	60.1	60.5	59.7
65 years and over	20,550	8,765	11,785	18.5	16.5	20.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	11,335	5,605	5,735	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,895	995	900	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	570	305	270	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,525	3,955	3,570	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,920	655	1,260	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.2	10.6	9.9	10.2	10.6	9.9
0 to 17 years (%)	8.0	8.1	7.8	8.0	8.1	7.8
0 to 5 years (%)	7.9	8.2	7.7	7.9	8.2	7.7
18 to 64 years (%)	11.3	12.3	10.3	11.3	12.3	10.3
65 years and over (%)	9.4	7.5	10.7	9.4	7.5	10.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	111,080	53,085	57,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	64,275	30,130	34,145	57.9	56.8	58.9
In bottom decile	15,790	7,575	8,215	14.2	14.3	14.2
In second decile	13,070	5,860	7,210	11.8	11.0	12.4
In third decile	13,295	6,205	7,095	12.0	11.7	12.2
In fourth decile	12,030	5,680	6,350	10.8	10.7	10.9
In fifth decile	10,090	4,810	5,280	9.1	9.1	9.1
In top half of the distribution	46,805	22,955	23,850	42.1	43.2	41.1
In sixth decile	8,685	4,195	4,490	7.8	7.9	7.7
In seventh decile	7,650	3,710	3,940	6.9	7.0	6.8
In eighth decile	7,045	3,380	3,665	6.3	6.4	6.3
In ninth decile	7,445	3,675	3,770	6.7	6.9	6.5
In top decile	15,985	8,000	7,990	14.4	15.1	13.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	111,080	...	...	111,080	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.484	...	...	0.484	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.603	...	...	0.603	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.410	...	...	0.410	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	111,825	53,350	58,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	31,890	14,610	17,285	28.5	27.4	29.6
French only	9,110	4,035	5,075	8.1	7.6	8.7
English and French	68,405	33,705	34,705	61.2	63.2	59.4
Neither English nor French	2,425	1,000	1,420	2.2	1.9	2.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	111,825	53,350	58,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	61,745	29,345	32,400	55.2	55.0	55.4
French	34,810	16,765	18,050	31.1	31.4	30.9
English and French	12,950	6,285	6,665	11.6	11.8	11.4
Neither English nor French	2,320	960	1,360	2.1	1.8	2.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	111,825	53,350	58,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	100,985	48,280	52,710	90.3	90.5	90.1
Official languages	57,415	27,875	29,535	51.3	52.2	50.5
English	32,340	15,600	16,740	28.9	29.2	28.6
French	25,075	12,275	12,795	22.4	23.0	21.9
Non-official languages	43,570	20,400	23,170	39.0	38.2	39.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	43,565	20,400	23,165	39.0	38.2	39.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,945	3,090	2,850	5.3	5.8	4.9
Berber languages	145	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	5,735	2,985	2,745	5.1	5.6	4.7
Amharic	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	4,200	2,195	2,000	3.8	4.1	3.4
Aramaic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	1,425	740	685	1.3	1.4	1.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,860	865	995	1.7	1.6	1.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	150	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	1,710	790	920	1.5	1.5	1.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	7,665	2,970	4,700	6.9	5.6	8.0
Bikol	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	165	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cebuano	340	135	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	240	80	160	0.2	0.1	0.3
Ilocano	980	395	585	0.9	0.7	1.0
Indonesian	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kankanaey	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5,545	2,105	3,445	5.0	3.9	5.9
Waray-Waray	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	345	150	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian Creole	225	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,675	900	770	1.5	1.7	1.3
Kannada	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	410	230	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tamil	1,065	535	525	1.0	1.0	0.9
Telugu	180	120	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	19,860	9,530	10,330	17.8	17.9	17.7
Albanian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Armenian	280	140	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	4,425	1,950	2,475	4.0	3.7	4.2
Baltic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	4,400	1,945	2,455	3.9	3.6	4.2
Belarusian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	305	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Czech	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	440	175	270	0.4	0.3	0.5
Russian	3,160	1,395	1,760	2.8	2.6	3.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	175	75	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,110	510	595	1.0	1.0	1.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,020	470	550	0.9	0.9	0.9
German	270	105	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	735	355	380	0.7	0.7	0.6
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	925	455	470	0.8	0.9	0.8
Indo-Iranian languages	6,080	3,165	2,910	5.4	5.9	5.0
Indo-Aryan languages	3,360	1,795	1,570	3.0	3.4	2.7
Assamese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,265	685	580	1.1	1.3	1.0
Gujarati	460	235	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindi	335	200	140	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kacchi	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	770	390	380	0.7	0.7	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	275	150	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	2,720	1,375	1,345	2.4	2.6	2.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	2,660	1,335	1,320	2.4	2.5	2.3
Dari	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	2,445	1,230	1,215	2.2	2.3	2.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	185	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,985	3,280	3,700	6.2	6.1	6.3
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,345	645	700	1.2	1.2	1.2
Portuguese	825	385	440	0.7	0.7	0.8
Romanian	1,700	790	910	1.5	1.5	1.6
Spanish	3,100	1,460	1,640	2.8	2.7	2.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	115	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	685	305	385	0.6	0.6	0.7
Mongolian	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages	585	305	275	0.5	0.6	0.5
Akan (Twi)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Edo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,750	1,745	2,000	3.4	3.3	3.4
Chinese languages	3,710	1,730	1,975	3.3	3.2	3.4
Hakka	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,770	1,300	1,475	2.5	2.4	2.5
Min Dong	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	680	325	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	200	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	545	240	305	0.5	0.4	0.5
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	525	230	295	0.5	0.4	0.5
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	10,840	5,070	5,770	9.7	9.5	9.9
English and French	3,165	1,590	1,575	2.8	3.0	2.7
English and non-official language(s)	4,180	1,835	2,350	3.7	3.4	4.0
French and non-official language(s)	1,860	875	985	1.7	1.6	1.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,055	515	540	0.9	1.0	0.9
Multiple non-official languages	580	260	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	111,825	53,350	58,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	34,220	16,370	17,850	30.6	30.7	30.5
French	18,915	9,290	9,625	16.9	17.4	16.5
Non-official language	14,690	6,915	7,770	13.1	13.0	13.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	14,690	6,915	7,770	13.1	13.0	13.3
English and French	10,915	5,510	5,400	9.8	10.3	9.2
English and non-official language(s)	16,440	7,460	8,975	14.7	14.0	15.3
French and non-official language(s)	5,180	2,395	2,780	4.6	4.5	4.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	10,180	4,815	5,365	9.1	9.0	9.2
Multiple non-official languages	1,290	580	710	1.2	1.1	1.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	111,825	53,350	58,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	100,070	47,895	52,180	89.5	89.8	89.2
Official languages	72,375	34,955	37,415	64.7	65.5	64.0
English	46,555	22,295	24,260	41.6	41.8	41.5
French	25,820	12,660	13,155	23.1	23.7	22.5
Non-official languages	27,700	12,935	14,765	24.8	24.2	25.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	27,690	12,930	14,760	24.8	24.2	25.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,745	1,380	1,370	2.5	2.6	2.3
Berber languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kabyle	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,670	1,340	1,335	2.4	2.5	2.3
Amharic	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,065	1,045	1,015	1.8	2.0	1.7
Aramaic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	560	270	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,375	640	735	1.2	1.2	1.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	1,290	600	685	1.2	1.1	1.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5,280	2,120	3,165	4.7	4.0	5.4
Bikol	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	260	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	160	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ilocano	570	245	325	0.5	0.5	0.6
Indonesian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,995	1,565	2,430	3.6	2.9	4.2
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	145	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,360	720	640	1.2	1.3	1.1
Kannada	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	315	165	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamil	890	455	435	0.8	0.9	0.7
Telugu	140	90	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,450	5,955	6,495	11.1	11.2	11.1
Albanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	3,115	1,420	1,690	2.8	2.7	2.9
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,105	1,420	1,690	2.8	2.7	2.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	2,505	1,140	1,370	2.2	2.1	2.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	280	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	260	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	350	160	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	4,660	2,350	2,305	4.2	4.4	3.9
Indo-Aryan languages	2,405	1,240	1,170	2.2	2.3	2.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	980	510	470	0.9	1.0	0.8
Gujarati	305	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	560	280	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	185	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	2,250	1,110	1,140	2.0	2.1	1.9
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	2,205	1,085	1,120	2.0	2.0	1.9
Dari	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	2,050	1,020	1,035	1.8	1.9	1.8
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,870	1,805	2,065	3.5	3.4	3.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	280	125	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	555	265	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	1,040	500	535	0.9	0.9	0.9
Spanish	1,995	915	1,085	1.8	1.7	1.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	595	265	330	0.5	0.5	0.6
Mongolian	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages	190	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,975	1,410	1,565	2.7	2.6	2.7
Chinese languages	2,965	1,405	1,555	2.7	2.6	2.7
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,345	1,115	1,235	2.1	2.1	2.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	460	215	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	11,750	5,455	6,295	10.5	10.2	10.8
English and French	3,545	1,730	1,815	3.2	3.2	3.1
English and non-official language(s)	4,885	2,190	2,695	4.4	4.1	4.6
French and non-official language(s)	1,720	795	925	1.5	1.5	1.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,415	660	760	1.3	1.2	1.3
Multiple non-official languages	180	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	111,825	53,350	58,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	76,300	36,525	39,780	68.2	68.5	68.0
English	9,805	4,635	5,170	8.8	8.7	8.8
French	7,340	3,640	3,695	6.6	6.8	6.3
Non-official language	9,255	4,240	5,020	8.3	7.9	8.6
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	9,250	4,235	5,010	8.3	7.9	8.6
English and French	2,530	1,225	1,305	2.3	2.3	2.2
English and non-official language(s)	2,665	1,270	1,400	2.4	2.4	2.4
French and non-official language(s)	2,470	1,145	1,325	2.2	2.1	2.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	340	160	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	1,125	520	600	1.0	1.0	1.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	111,080	53,070	58,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	108,810	52,120	56,695	98.0	98.2	97.7
English	99,780	48,105	51,670	89.8	90.6	89.1
French	77,210	37,685	39,530	69.5	71.0	68.1
Non-official languages	66,740	31,420	35,320	60.1	59.2	60.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	66,735	31,420	35,320	60.1	59.2	60.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	15,215	7,705	7,510	13.7	14.5	12.9
Berber languages	300	175	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kabyle	220	125	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hausa	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mina	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15,020	7,605	7,410	13.5	14.3	12.8
Amharic	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	7,815	4,020	3,795	7.0	7.6	6.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	7,500	3,790	3,710	6.8	7.1	6.4
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,320	1,165	1,160	2.1	2.2	2.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	280	150	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Vietnamese	2,060	1,020	1,035	1.9	1.9	1.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	11,655	4,455	7,200	10.5	8.4	12.4
Bikol	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	290	130	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cebuano	650	250	400	0.6	0.5	0.7
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	475	195	280	0.4	0.4	0.5
Ilocano	1,555	615	945	1.4	1.2	1.6
Indonesian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	11,135	4,230	6,900	10.0	8.0	11.9
Waray-Waray	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	345	150	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Creole languages	1,095	445	650	1.0	0.8	1.1
Haitian Creole	785	310	475	0.7	0.6	0.8
Jamaican English Creole	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	160	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Creole languages, n.i.e.	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dravidian languages	2,275	1,295	980	2.0	2.4	1.7
Kannada	70	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malayalam	500	280	220	0.5	0.5	0.4
Tamil	1,545	860	685	1.4	1.6	1.2
Telugu	340	200	140	0.3	0.4	0.2
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	30,755	15,075	15,680	27.7	28.4	27.0
Albanian	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	575	290	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Balto-Slavic languages	5,360	2,420	2,940	4.8	4.6	5.1
Baltic languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	5,335	2,405	2,925	4.8	4.5	5.0
Belarusian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	445	200	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Czech	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	600	220	380	0.5	0.4	0.7
Russian	4,140	1,870	2,270	3.7	3.5	3.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	225	125	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	450	210	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,045	1,570	1,475	2.7	3.0	2.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,950	1,535	1,420	2.7	2.9	2.4
German	1,050	555	495	0.9	1.0	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	1,960	1,025	940	1.8	1.9	1.6
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	45	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	1,425	735	690	1.3	1.4	1.2
Indo-Iranian languages	8,145	4,275	3,865	7.3	8.1	6.7
Indo-Aryan languages	4,830	2,650	2,185	4.3	5.0	3.8
Assamese	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,670	885	785	1.5	1.7	1.4
Gujarati	715	420	290	0.6	0.8	0.5
Hindi	2,265	1,270	995	2.0	2.4	1.7
Kacchi	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	115	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,060	560	500	1.0	1.1	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	625	340	285	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	3,320	1,635	1,680	3.0	3.1	2.9
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	3,260	1,615	1,645	2.9	3.0	2.8
Dari	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	2,915	1,435	1,480	2.6	2.7	2.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	325	180	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	13,975	6,630	7,345	12.6	12.5	12.7
Catalan	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italian	3,440	1,700	1,740	3.1	3.2	3.0
Portuguese	1,315	635	685	1.2	1.2	1.2
Romanian	2,235	1,035	1,205	2.0	2.0	2.1
Spanish	8,360	3,915	4,445	7.5	7.4	7.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	365	155	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Korean	670	270	400	0.6	0.5	0.7
Mongolian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages	1,660	845	815	1.5	1.6	1.4
Akan (Twi)	125	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lingala	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Luba-Kasai	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	75	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wolof	300	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Yoruba	195	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	395	180	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,520	2,170	2,345	4.1	4.1	4.0
Chinese languages	4,475	2,155	2,320	4.0	4.1	4.0
Hakka	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	3,765	1,800	1,965	3.4	3.4	3.4
Min Dong	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	955	465	490	0.9	0.9	0.8
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lao	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	540	270	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Azerbaijani	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	445	230	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	745	340	410	0.7	0.6	0.7
Estonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	710	330	380	0.6	0.6	0.7
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,080	53,070	58,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	330	120	215	0.3	0.2	0.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	290	100	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	185	60	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Métis	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	110,750	52,950	57,800	99.7	99.8	99.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,080	53,070	58,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	110,990	53,035	57,960	99.9	99.9	99.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	46,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	18,885	...	...	41.0	...	...
Renter	27,205	...	...	59.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	46,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	9,300	...	...	20.2	...	...
Not condominium	36,795	...	...	79.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	46,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	945	...	...	2.1	...	...
1 bedroom	13,475	...	...	29.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,720	...	...	29.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	10,010	...	...	21.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	7,940	...	...	17.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	46,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	25,560	...	...	55.5	...	...
5 rooms	6,425	...	...	13.9	...	...
6 rooms	3,530	...	...	7.7	...	...
7 rooms	2,950	...	...	6.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	7,630	...	...	16.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.9	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	46,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	43,160	...	...	93.6	...	...
More than one person per room	2,930	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	46,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	39,620	...	...	86.0	...	...
Not suitable	6,465	...	...	14.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	46,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	18,555	...	...	40.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,835	...	...	30.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,180	...	...	9.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,575	...	...	5.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,185	...	...	2.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,125	...	...	2.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,150	...	...	4.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,490	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	46,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	42,215	...	...	91.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,875	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	46,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	26,360	...	...	57.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	17,710	...	...	38.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,020	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	46,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,550	...	...	3.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,920	...	...	12.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,410	...	...	18.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,310	...	...	18.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,780	...	...	16.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,055	...	...	15.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,620	...	...	10.0	...	...
85 years and over	2,445	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	45,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	33,435	...	...	73.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	12,335	...	...	26.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	10,725	...	...	23.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	46,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	20,020	...	...	43.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,320	...	...	22.4	...	...
Not suitable only	4,855	...	...	10.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,270	...	...	4.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	970	...	...	2.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	970	...	...	2.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	570	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	70	...	...	0.2	...	...
Acceptable housing	26,065	...	...	56.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	44,160	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,410	...	...	10.0	...	...
Not in core need	39,750	...	...	90.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	18,885	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.7	...	...	52.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.7	...	...	21.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,590	...	...	1,590	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,002	...	...	2,002	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	800,000	...	...	800,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	998,000	...	...	998,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	27,210	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.3	...	...	8.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.6	...	...	30.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.5	...	...	14.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...	970	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,077	...	...	1,077	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	111,080	53,070	58,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Métis single ancestry	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	485	190	295	0.4	0.4	0.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	475	190	285	0.4	0.4	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	430	165	265	0.4	0.3	0.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	110,470	52,830	57,645	99.5	99.5	99.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	111,080	53,070	58,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	88,170	41,750	46,415	79.4	78.7	80.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,085	10,210	9,875	18.1	19.2	17.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	68,085	31,540	36,545	61.3	59.4	63.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	22,910	11,320	11,590	20.6	21.3	20.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	111,080	53,070	58,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	52,970	26,140	26,830	47.7	49.3	46.3
Immigrants⁸¹	49,875	22,550	27,330	44.9	42.5	47.1
Before 1980	9,065	4,115	4,950	8.2	7.8	8.5
1980 to 1990	5,405	2,610	2,795	4.9	4.9	4.8
1991 to 2000	7,655	3,285	4,370	6.9	6.2	7.5
2001 to 2010	10,905	4,735	6,180	9.8	8.9	10.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	16,840	7,815	9,030	15.2	14.7	15.6
2011 to 2015	6,990	3,150	3,835	6.3	5.9	6.6
2016 to 2021	9,850	4,660	5,190	8.9	8.8	8.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	8,230	4,380	3,855	7.4	8.3	6.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	49,880	22,550	27,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,420	1,665	1,755	6.9	7.4	6.4
5 to 14 years	7,825	3,845	3,980	15.7	17.1	14.6
15 to 24 years	8,480	3,975	4,505	17.0	17.6	16.5
25 to 44 years	24,955	10,895	14,060	50.0	48.3	51.4
45 years and over	5,205	2,175	3,035	10.4	9.6	11.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	49,880	22,550	27,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	5,525	2,345	3,180	11.1	10.4	11.6
Brazil	300	145	155	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombia	450	220	230	0.9	1.0	0.8
El Salvador	135	75	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Guyana	85	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haiti	605	220	380	1.2	1.0	1.4
Jamaica	465	175	290	0.9	0.8	1.1
Mexico	385	190	190	0.8	0.8	0.7
Peru	235	105	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Trinidad and Tobago	150	70	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
United States of America	905	410	490	1.8	1.8	1.8
Other places of birth in Americas	1,805	685	1,120	3.6	3.0	4.1
Europe	10,665	4,810	5,860	21.4	21.3	21.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatia	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	2,125	1,040	1,090	4.3	4.6	4.0
Germany	285	95	190	0.6	0.4	0.7
Greece	380	190	190	0.8	0.8	0.7
Hungary	415	200	205	0.8	0.9	0.8
Italy	670	335	335	1.3	1.5	1.2
Netherlands	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Poland	550	225	320	1.1	1.0	1.2
Portugal	170	75	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romania	1,450	615	835	2.9	2.7	3.1
Russian Federation	1,260	505	755	2.5	2.2	2.8
Serbia⁸⁶	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	755	305	445	1.5	1.4	1.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	365	185	180	0.7	0.8	0.7
Other places of birth in Europe	2,130	975	1,150	4.3	4.3	4.2
Africa	8,235	4,090	4,145	16.5	18.1	15.2
Algeria	845	445	400	1.7	2.0	1.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egypt	705	380	330	1.4	1.7	1.2
Eritrea	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	85	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	3,895	1,845	2,050	7.8	8.2	7.5
Nigeria	140	80	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Somalia	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	2,390	1,220	1,165	4.8	5.4	4.3
Asia	25,400	11,280	14,115	50.9	50.0	51.6
Afghanistan	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	2,185	1,030	1,145	4.4	4.6	4.2
Iraq	245	100	145	0.5	0.4	0.5
Lebanon	1,260	625	640	2.5	2.8	2.3
Syria⁸⁹	610	305	310	1.2	1.4	1.1
Turkey	165	75	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
China⁹⁰	2,310	1,065	1,245	4.6	4.7	4.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	105	60	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	350	135	215	0.7	0.6	0.8
Taiwan	55	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	10,675	4,150	6,525	21.4	18.4	23.9
Viet Nam	1,450	690	755	2.9	3.1	2.8
Bangladesh	950	485	465	1.9	2.2	1.7
India	1,165	615	550	2.3	2.7	2.0
Pakistan	345	180	165	0.7	0.8	0.6
Sri Lanka	845	445	395	1.7	2.0	1.4
Other places of birth in Asia	2,650	1,280	1,370	5.3	5.7	5.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	9,855	4,660	5,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	700	340	365	7.1	7.3	7.0
Brazil	80	25	55	0.8	0.5	1.1
Colombia	110	65	55	1.1	1.4	1.1
Haiti	35	0	30	0.4	0.0	0.6
Jamaica	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Mexico	55	30	25	0.6	0.6	0.5
United States of America	125	85	40	1.3	1.8	0.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	80	40	40	0.8	0.9	0.8
Other places of birth in Americas	195	80	120	2.0	1.7	2.3
Europe	1,205	545	670	12.2	11.7	12.9
France	445	230	215	4.5	4.9	4.1
Germany	40	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.6
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Russian Federation	145	50	95	1.5	1.1	1.8
Ukraine	85	30	55	0.9	0.6	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	20	25	0.5	0.4	0.5
Other places of birth in Europe	430	205	230	4.4	4.4	4.4
Africa	1,305	710	600	13.2	15.2	11.6
Algeria	145	80	65	1.5	1.7	1.3
Burundi	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Cameroon	110	50	55	1.1	1.1	1.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Côte d'Ivoire	75	40	35	0.8	0.9	0.7
Egypt	35	25	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	225	105	120	2.3	2.3	2.3
Nigeria	75	45	25	0.8	1.0	0.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	190	85	110	1.9	1.8	2.1
Other places of birth in Africa	415	240	180	4.2	5.2	3.5
Asia	6,625	3,070	3,555	67.2	65.9	68.5
Afghanistan	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bangladesh	180	90	90	1.8	1.9	1.7
China⁹⁰	660	305	350	6.7	6.5	6.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	645	350	300	6.5	7.5	5.8
Iran⁸⁸	590	265	320	6.0	5.7	6.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	75	35	35	0.8	0.8	0.7
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	115	35	80	1.2	0.8	1.5
Lebanon	80	50	35	0.8	1.1	0.7
Nepal	80	50	30	0.8	1.1	0.6
Pakistan	75	30	50	0.8	0.6	1.0
Philippines	3,380	1,480	1,905	34.3	31.8	36.7
Saudi Arabia	50	30	30	0.5	0.6	0.6
Sri Lanka	55	30	15	0.6	0.6	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	240	125	115	2.4	2.7	2.2
Turkey	25	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
United Arab Emirates	35	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
Viet Nam	155	85	70	1.6	1.8	1.3
Other places of birth in Asia	135	45	85	1.4	1.0	1.6
Oceania and other⁹³	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	111,085	53,070	58,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	59,800	27,805	31,990	53.8	52.4	55.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	29,895	14,835	15,065	26.9	28.0	26.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	21,390	10,435	10,955	19.3	19.7	18.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	40,810	18,435	22,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	27,210	12,200	15,010	66.7	66.2	67.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	12,845	5,035	7,810	31.5	27.3	34.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	14,365	7,165	7,200	35.2	38.9	32.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	8,865	3,920	4,945	21.7	21.3	22.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,140	2,105	2,035	10.1	11.4	9.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	600	210	390	1.5	1.1	1.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	40,810	18,435	22,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,815	1,390	1,425	6.9	7.5	6.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	6,565	1,425	5,145	16.1	7.7	23.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,085	530	555	2.7	2.9	2.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,500	765	735	3.7	4.1	3.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	225	95	130	0.6	0.5	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	28,620	14,235	14,385	70.1	77.2	64.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	111,080	53,070	58,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	50,125	23,550	26,570	45.1	44.4	45.8
South Asian	7,300	3,985	3,310	6.6	7.5	5.7
Chinese	4,660	2,255	2,405	4.2	4.2	4.1
Black	7,735	3,480	4,250	7.0	6.6	7.3
Filipino	13,450	5,515	7,935	12.1	10.4	13.7
Arab	5,365	2,745	2,620	4.8	5.2	4.5
Latin American	2,665	1,295	1,370	2.4	2.4	2.4
Southeast Asian	3,145	1,555	1,590	2.8	2.9	2.7
West Asian	2,850	1,405	1,445	2.6	2.6	2.5
Korean	670	270	405	0.6	0.5	0.7
Japanese	175	55	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	480	220	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple visible minorities	1,630	770	865	1.5	1.5	1.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	60,955	29,520	31,440	54.9	55.6	54.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	111,080	53,070	58,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	7,750	3,865	3,880	7.0	7.3	6.7
English	2,050	960	1,090	1.8	1.8	1.9
Irish	2,905	1,410	1,500	2.6	2.7	2.6
Scottish	1,885	865	1,020	1.7	1.6	1.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,215	4,525	4,695	8.3	8.5	8.1
German	1,815	845	970	1.6	1.6	1.7
Chinese	5,055	2,430	2,630	4.6	4.6	4.5
Italian	4,645	2,325	2,325	4.2	4.4	4.0
Indian (India)	3,150	1,695	1,460	2.8	3.2	2.5
Ukrainian	1,340	680	665	1.2	1.3	1.1
Dutch	335	130	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Polish	4,015	1,920	2,095	3.6	3.6	3.6
Québécois	1,580	860	720	1.4	1.6	1.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	835	350	485	0.8	0.7	0.8
Filipino	12,060	4,915	7,145	10.9	9.3	12.3
French Canadian	1,415	700	715	1.3	1.3	1.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,040	525	520	0.9	1.0	0.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	255	100	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Métis	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,070	920	1,150	1.9	1.7	2.0
Russian	5,060	2,295	2,765	4.6	4.3	4.8
Norwegian	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	235	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	775	330	445	0.7	0.6	0.8
American	1,015	495	515	0.9	0.9	0.9
Spanish	2,370	1,100	1,270	2.1	2.1	2.2
Swedish	140	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hungarian	1,270	635	635	1.1	1.2	1.1
Acadian	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	465	260	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,355	545	810	1.2	1.0	1.4
Jewish	15,335	7,615	7,720	13.8	14.3	13.3
Punjabi	175	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Vietnamese	2,075	1,020	1,050	1.9	1.9	1.8
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	2,020	1,120	895	1.8	2.1	1.5
Greek	2,000	1,035	970	1.8	2.0	1.7
Jamaican	555	255	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,625	695	935	1.5	1.3	1.6
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	680	290	395	0.6	0.5	0.7
Romanian	2,965	1,415	1,545	2.7	2.7	2.7
Lebanese	2,795	1,405	1,385	2.5	2.6	2.4
Iranian	2,635	1,310	1,325	2.4	2.5	2.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	750	360	390	0.7	0.7	0.7
Danish	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	215	135	80	0.2	0.3	0.1
Austrian	565	245	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
Belgian	450	225	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	1,035	460	575	0.9	0.9	1.0
Hindu	445	300	145	0.4	0.6	0.2
Mexican	665	320	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	205	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	840	465	375	0.8	0.9	0.6
Croatian	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	230	70	160	0.2	0.1	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	225	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	415	220	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Egyptian	990	545	445	0.9	1.0	0.8
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	535	310	225	0.5	0.6	0.4
Tamil	540	285	260	0.5	0.5	0.4
Icelandic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	510	225	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Moroccan	6,315	2,975	3,340	5.7	5.6	5.8
Czech	255	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syrian	1,035	485	550	0.9	0.9	0.9
Guyanese	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	525	225	300	0.5	0.4	0.5
Serbian	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	790	405	385	0.7	0.8	0.7
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	145	100	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Turkish	485	230	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	1,175	585	590	1.1	1.1	1.0
Algerian	1,015	525	495	0.9	1.0	0.9
Brazilian	530	255	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nigerian	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	925	445	480	0.8	0.8	0.8
Slovak	125	80	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	1,025	520	500	0.9	1.0	0.9
Somali	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	450	235	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Salvadorean	135	85	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
African Caribbean	345	120	220	0.3	0.2	0.4
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	375	145	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	440	185	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	270	110	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Algonquin	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	160	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lithuanian	365	200	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
South African	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	170	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chilean	135	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Congolese	235	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nova Scotian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	145	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	250	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cambodian (Khmer)	325	180	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber	505	265	235	0.5	0.5	0.4
Albanian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	170	115	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Eritrean	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	2,020	1,025	995	1.8	1.9	1.7
Mohawk	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	500	225	275	0.5	0.4	0.5
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	225	80	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
African American	120	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tunisian	850	445	405	0.8	0.8	0.7
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	40	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Venezuelan	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	405	200	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Cameroonian	305	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guatemalan	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	615	275	340	0.6	0.5	0.6
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Franco Ontarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	180	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	180	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Assyrian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	215	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	425	190	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Breton	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	500	280	220	0.5	0.5	0.4
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	165	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kenyan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	305	110	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	125	35	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Malayali	90	65	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cherokee	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	290	105	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Azerbaijani	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	195	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Central African	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Basque	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	65	60	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Igorot	190	65	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Fulani	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	150	95	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Telugu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kashmiri	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	111,080	53,070	58,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,775	885	895	1.6	1.7	1.5
Christian	46,290	20,570	25,715	41.7	38.8	44.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,950	2,785	3,160	5.4	5.2	5.4
Anabaptist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	730	250	480	0.7	0.5	0.8
Baptist	690	315	375	0.6	0.6	0.6
Catholic	28,575	12,720	15,855	25.7	24.0	27.3
Christian Orthodox	5,580	2,605	2,965	5.0	4.9	5.1
Jehovah's Witness	295	115	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	60	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	110	20	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,190	450	745	1.1	0.8	1.3
Presbyterian	260	100	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Reformed	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	255	85	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,425	1,040	1,390	2.2	2.0	2.4
Hindu	3,335	1,885	1,450	3.0	3.6	2.5
Jewish	27,865	13,195	14,670	25.1	24.9	25.3
Muslim	10,550	5,375	5,175	9.5	10.1	8.9
Sikh	710	340	375	0.6	0.6	0.6
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	375	190	185	0.3	0.4	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	20,175	10,625	9,545	18.2	20.0	16.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	109,965	52,555	57,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	96,855	45,990	50,865	88.1	87.5	88.6
Movers	13,105	6,565	6,540	11.9	12.5	11.4
Non-migrants	9,485	4,735	4,745	8.6	9.0	8.3
Migrants	3,620	1,830	1,795	3.3	3.5	3.1
Internal migrants	1,815	905	910	1.7	1.7	1.6
Intraprovincial migrants	1,320	665	655	1.2	1.3	1.1
Interprovincial migrants	490	245	250	0.4	0.5	0.4
External migrants	1,805	920	885	1.6	1.8	1.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	105,265	50,145	55,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	60,615	28,240	32,380	57.6	56.3	58.7
Movers	44,645	21,905	22,740	42.4	43.7	41.3
Non-migrants	15,450	7,275	8,175	14.7	14.5	14.8
Migrants	29,195	14,630	14,570	27.7	29.2	26.4
Internal migrants	15,210	7,350	7,860	14.4	14.7	14.3
Intraprovincial migrants	13,610	6,570	7,040	12.9	13.1	12.8
Interprovincial migrants	1,600	780	820	1.5	1.6	1.5
External migrants	13,990	7,280	6,705	13.3	14.5	12.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	91,430	43,010	48,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,140	5,510	5,625	12.2	12.8	11.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	80,295	37,495	42,800	87.8	87.2	88.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,085	26,550	29,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,755	2,020	1,730	6.7	7.6	5.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	52,330	24,535	27,800	93.3	92.4	94.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	91,435	43,005	48,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,105	5,030	5,075	11.1	11.7	10.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,940	8,745	9,190	19.6	20.3	19.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	63,385	29,230	34,155	69.3	68.0	70.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,340	9,805	12,535	24.4	22.8	25.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,800	2,335	2,460	5.2	5.4	5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,335	1,550	1,780	3.6	3.6	3.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,465	785	675	1.6	1.8	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,885	6,075	7,815	15.2	14.1	16.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,655	1,395	2,265	4.0	3.2	4.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	41,045	19,430	21,620	44.9	45.2	44.6
Bachelor's degree	23,055	10,315	12,740	25.2	24.0	26.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,085	1,955	2,130	4.5	4.5	4.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,080	1,235	845	2.3	2.9	1.7
Master's degree	9,760	4,695	5,060	10.7	10.9	10.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,070	1,230	840	2.3	2.9	1.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,090	26,555	29,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,165	1,730	1,435	5.6	6.5	4.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,860	4,255	3,605	14.0	16.0	12.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	45,065	20,575	24,495	80.3	77.5	82.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,815	6,170	7,650	24.6	23.2	25.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,250	1,605	1,640	5.8	6.0	5.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,300	1,105	1,200	4.1	4.2	4.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	945	500	440	1.7	1.9	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,960	3,525	4,435	14.2	13.3	15.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,610	1,040	1,570	4.7	3.9	5.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	31,255	14,405	16,850	55.7	54.2	57.1
Bachelor's degree	17,655	7,805	9,855	31.5	29.4	33.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,945	1,330	1,615	5.3	5.0	5.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,390	730	655	2.5	2.7	2.2
Master's degree	7,770	3,740	4,030	13.9	14.1	13.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,490	800	690	2.7	3.0	2.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	91,435	43,005	48,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	28,045	13,775	14,265	30.7	32.0	29.5
Education	3,850	610	3,235	4.2	1.4	6.7
13. Education	3,850	610	3,235	4.2	1.4	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,445	1,015	1,430	2.7	2.4	3.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	155	135	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,290	880	1,410	2.5	2.0	2.9
Humanities	4,315	1,495	2,825	4.7	3.5	5.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	850	150	700	0.9	0.3	1.4
23. English language and literature/letters	600	170	425	0.7	0.4	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,500	565	930	1.6	1.3	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	355	190	160	0.4	0.4	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	230	130	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	245	135	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	505	125	380	0.6	0.3	0.8
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,685	3,865	5,820	10.6	9.0	12.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	885	320	565	1.0	0.7	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,010	110	895	1.1	0.3	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	2,080	1,060	1,020	2.3	2.5	2.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	185	70	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
42. Psychology	1,515	305	1,215	1.7	0.7	2.5
45. Social sciences	3,905	1,955	1,945	4.3	4.5	4.0
Business, management and public administration	15,350	7,195	8,155	16.8	16.7	16.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	585	105	480	0.6	0.2	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,735	7,080	7,660	16.1	16.5	15.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,510	1,750	1,760	3.8	4.1	3.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,345	515	830	1.5	1.2	1.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	745	385	355	0.8	0.9	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	250	135	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
40. Physical sciences	1,095	675	420	1.2	1.6	0.9
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,800	2,530	1,265	4.2	5.9	2.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,040	2,130	910	3.3	5.0	1.9
25. Library science	170	40	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	500	300	200	0.5	0.7	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	90	65	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,900	6,945	1,955	9.7	16.1	4.0
04. Architecture and related services	535	275	265	0.6	0.6	0.5
14. Engineering	5,370	4,050	1,325	5.9	9.4	2.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,355	1,030	325	1.5	2.4	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	530	510	20	0.6	1.2	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	820	810	10	0.9	1.9	0.0
48. Precision production	280	275	10	0.3	0.6	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	545	290	255	0.6	0.7	0.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	395	205	190	0.4	0.5	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	150	85	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	9,290	2,770	6,520	10.2	6.4	13.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	285	135	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,200	2,145	6,055	9.0	5.0	12.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	785	470	310	0.9	1.1	0.6
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,695	770	925	1.9	1.8	1.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,185	350	830	1.3	0.8	1.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	155	110	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	345	295	55	0.4	0.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	56,085	26,555	29,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,025	5,985	5,040	19.7	22.5	17.1
Education	2,255	365	1,885	4.0	1.4	6.4
13. Education	2,255	365	1,885	4.0	1.4	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,680	730	955	3.0	2.7	3.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	120	105	20	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,560	620	935	2.8	2.3	3.2
Humanities	2,540	885	1,645	4.5	3.3	5.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	570	100	470	1.0	0.4	1.6
23. English language and literature/letters	355	100	250	0.6	0.4	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	735	285	450	1.3	1.1	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	255	165	95	0.5	0.6	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	160	90	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	165	90	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	270	50	220	0.5	0.2	0.7
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,940	2,625	4,315	12.4	9.9	14.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	720	235	475	1.3	0.9	1.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	775	85	685	1.4	0.3	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	1,570	690	880	2.8	2.6	3.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	125	45	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	1,005	195	815	1.8	0.7	2.8
45. Social sciences	2,670	1,345	1,325	4.8	5.1	4.5
Business, management and public administration	11,555	5,230	6,325	20.6	19.7	21.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	400	85	320	0.7	0.3	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,130	5,130	6,000	19.8	19.3	20.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,105	955	1,150	3.8	3.6	3.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,040	395	645	1.9	1.5	2.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	295	115	175	0.5	0.4	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	665	385	275	1.2	1.4	0.9
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,005	2,020	990	5.4	7.6	3.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,540	1,775	765	4.5	6.7	2.6
25. Library science	65	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	355	190	155	0.6	0.7	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,675	5,140	1,535	11.9	19.4	5.2
04. Architecture and related services	415	210	215	0.7	0.8	0.7
14. Engineering	4,135	3,075	1,060	7.4	11.6	3.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,005	760	240	1.8	2.9	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	350	340	10	0.6	1.3	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	605	595	0	1.1	2.2	0.0
48. Precision production	170	155	10	0.3	0.6	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	445	225	220	0.8	0.8	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	330	170	160	0.6	0.6	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health and related fields	6,685	1,850	4,835	11.9	7.0	16.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	205	95	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,930	1,460	4,465	10.6	5.5	15.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	535	285	245	1.0	1.1	0.8
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,190	550	640	2.1	2.1	2.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	785	225	560	1.4	0.8	1.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	120	85	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	280	235	45	0.5	0.9	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	56,085	26,555	29,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,025	5,985	5,040	19.7	22.5	17.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	45,065	20,575	24,495	80.4	77.5	82.9
Location of study inside Canada	26,740	12,395	14,345	47.7	46.7	48.6
Same as province or territory of residence	25,075	11,565	13,515	44.7	43.6	45.8
Different than province or territory of residence	1,660	830	830	3.0	3.1	2.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	18,330	8,180	10,150	32.7	30.8	34.4
Americas	2,370	1,240	1,130	4.2	4.7	3.8
United States of America	1,080	620	460	1.9	2.3	1.6
Mexico	220	110	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Cuba	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Brazil	350	190	160	0.6	0.7	0.5
Colombia	240	120	115	0.4	0.5	0.4
Peru	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	65	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	245	120	125	0.4	0.5	0.4
Europe	3,970	2,005	1,970	7.1	7.6	6.7
Belgium	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	1,570	855	715	2.8	3.2	2.4
Germany	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	315	140	175	0.6	0.5	0.6
Poland	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romania	400	210	190	0.7	0.8	0.6
Russian Federation	405	175	235	0.7	0.7	0.8
Ukraine	280	105	175	0.5	0.4	0.6
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	280	150	130	0.5	0.6	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	415	195	220	0.7	0.7	0.7
Africa	1,585	825	760	2.8	3.1	2.6
Nigeria	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algeria	275	155	120	0.5	0.6	0.4
Morocco	330	160	170	0.6	0.6	0.6
Tunisia	210	120	90	0.4	0.5	0.3
Egypt	135	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	480	255	230	0.9	1.0	0.8
Asia	10,335	4,065	6,275	18.4	15.3	21.2
Iran⁸⁸	1,145	535	610	2.0	2.0	2.1
Iraq	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	320	150	175	0.6	0.6	0.6
Lebanon	320	120	200	0.6	0.5	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	160	60	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Turkey	35	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	1,130	480	650	2.0	1.8	2.2
Taiwan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japan	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	200	70	130	0.4	0.3	0.4
Philippines	4,845	1,490	3,360	8.6	5.6	11.4
Viet Nam	135	50	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bangladesh	310	175	130	0.6	0.7	0.4
Sri Lanka	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	1,175	645	530	2.1	2.4	1.8
Pakistan	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	290	140	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Oceania	65	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Australia	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	91,430	43,005	48,425	...	...	...
In the labour force	57,670	29,320	28,350	...	...	...
Employed	51,340	26,225	25,115	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,330	3,095	3,235	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	33,765	13,685	20,080	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.1	68.2	58.5	63.1	68.2	58.5
Employment rate	56.2	61.0	51.9	56.2	61.0	51.9
Unemployment rate	11.0	10.6	11.4	11.0	10.6	11.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	91,430	43,005	48,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	34,880	14,310	20,570	38.1	33.3	42.5
Worked	56,555	28,700	27,855	61.9	66.7	57.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,695	14,565	12,130	29.2	33.9	25.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	29,860	14,140	15,720	32.7	32.9	32.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	38.8	39.7	37.8	38.8	39.7	37.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	57,670	29,325	28,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,800	785	1,015	3.1	2.7	3.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	55,870	28,540	27,335	96.9	97.3	96.4
Employee	45,630	22,075	23,560	79.1	75.3	83.1
Permanent position	37,095	18,235	18,865	64.3	62.2	66.5
Temporary position	8,535	3,840	4,695	14.8	13.1	16.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,530	1,565	1,960	6.1	5.3	6.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,010	2,275	2,735	8.7	7.8	9.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,235	6,465	3,775	17.7	22.0	13.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	57,670	29,325	28,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,800	785	1,015	3.1	2.7	3.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	55,870	28,540	27,335	96.9	97.3	96.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,500	1,155	345	2.6	3.9	1.2
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,790	4,575	6,215	18.7	15.6	21.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,700	4,155	1,545	9.9	14.2	5.4
3 Health occupations	6,120	1,715	4,400	10.6	5.8	15.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,755	2,540	5,215	13.4	8.7	18.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,080	930	1,150	3.6	3.2	4.1
6 Sales and service occupations	13,820	7,080	6,735	24.0	24.1	23.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,630	4,105	520	8.0	14.0	1.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	230	175	60	0.4	0.6	0.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,240	2,105	1,135	5.6	7.2	4.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	57,670	29,325	28,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,800	785	1,015	3.1	2.7	3.6
All industries¹⁹¹	55,870	28,540	27,335	96.9	97.3	96.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	105	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
22 Utilities	210	100	110	0.4	0.3	0.4
23 Construction	1,375	1,060	310	2.4	3.6	1.1
31-33 Manufacturing	4,975	3,245	1,725	8.6	11.1	6.1
41 Wholesale trade	2,790	1,695	1,085	4.8	5.8	3.8
44-45 Retail trade	6,460	3,305	3,155	11.2	11.3	11.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,760	2,105	660	4.8	7.2	2.3
51 Information and cultural industries	1,355	865	490	2.3	2.9	1.7
52 Finance and insurance	2,875	1,495	1,385	5.0	5.1	4.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,650	985	660	2.9	3.4	2.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,385	4,545	2,835	12.8	15.5	10.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	140	90	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,575	1,345	1,235	4.5	4.6	4.4
61 Educational services	4,645	1,615	3,030	8.1	5.5	10.7
62 Health care and social assistance	8,145	2,320	5,820	14.1	7.9	20.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	855	415	440	1.5	1.4	1.6
72 Accommodation and food services	3,180	1,790	1,390	5.5	6.1	4.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,040	810	2,235	5.3	2.8	7.9
91 Public administration	1,290	645	645	2.2	2.2	2.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	62,075	31,445	30,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	21,870	10,890	10,980	35.2	34.6	35.9
French	9,740	4,695	5,045	15.7	14.9	16.5
Non-official language	440	195	245	0.7	0.6	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	440	195	245	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and French	27,125	14,085	13,040	43.7	44.8	42.6
English and non-official language(s)	1,150	595	555	1.9	1.9	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	260	130	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,480	850	630	2.4	2.7	2.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	62,075	31,445	30,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	53,800	27,080	26,720	86.7	86.1	87.2
Official languages	53,005	26,725	26,280	85.4	85.0	85.8
English	34,440	17,510	16,930	55.5	55.7	55.3
French	18,565	9,215	9,355	29.9	29.3	30.5
Non-official languages	795	360	440	1.3	1.1	1.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	795	360	440	1.3	1.1	1.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	85	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	50	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	325	140	180	0.5	0.4	0.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	105	45	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	105	45	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	100	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	245	140	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	245	140	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	225	130	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	8,270	4,365	3,905	13.3	13.9	12.8
English and French	7,750	4,090	3,660	12.5	13.0	12.0
English and non-official language(s)	250	155	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	175	85	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	62,075	31,445	30,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	39,840	19,900	19,940	64.2	63.3	65.1
English	8,625	4,355	4,270	13.9	13.8	13.9
French	11,485	6,000	5,480	18.5	19.1	17.9
Non-official language	1,125	575	555	1.8	1.8	1.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,125	575	555	1.8	1.8	1.8
English and French	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	315	195	120	0.5	0.6	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	465	300	160	0.7	1.0	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	150	85	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	51,340	26,225	25,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	15,135	7,900	7,235	29.5	30.1	28.8
Worked outside Canada	230	140	90	0.4	0.5	0.4
No fixed workplace address	3,850	2,540	1,310	7.5	9.7	5.2
Usual place of work	32,120	15,640	16,480	62.6	59.6	65.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	32,120	15,640	16,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	15,200	6,875	8,325	47.3	44.0	50.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	14,705	7,340	7,365	45.8	46.9	44.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,120	1,365	760	6.6	8.7	4.6
Commute to a different province or territory	95	65	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	35,970	18,180	17,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	21,600	12,645	8,955	60.1	69.6	50.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	19,410	11,845	7,565	54.0	65.2	42.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,195	805	1,390	6.1	4.4	7.8
Public transit	9,935	3,755	6,185	27.6	20.7	34.8
Walked	3,105	1,110	1,995	8.6	6.1	11.2
Bicycle	470	300	170	1.3	1.7	1.0
Other method	865	370	495	2.4	2.0	2.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	35,970	18,180	17,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	6,735	2,970	3,765	18.7	16.3	21.2
15 to 29 minutes	14,820	7,825	6,995	41.2	43.0	39.3
30 to 44 minutes	9,415	5,000	4,420	26.2	27.5	24.8
45 to 59 minutes	2,795	1,300	1,500	7.8	7.2	8.4
60 minutes and over	2,205	1,090	1,115	6.1	6.0	6.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	35,970	18,180	17,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,305	950	355	3.6	5.2	2.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,980	2,260	1,720	11.1	12.4	9.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,550	4,200	4,350	23.8	23.1	24.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,115	4,190	4,920	25.3	23.0	27.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,165	3,235	3,925	19.9	17.8	22.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,865	3,340	2,525	16.3	18.4	14.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	24,255	12,455	11,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,785	5,520	5,265	44.5	44.3	44.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,470	6,940	6,535	55.5	55.7	55.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,895	9,175	8,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,255	4,230	4,025	46.1	46.1	46.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	6,985	3,600	3,390	39.0	39.2	38.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,265	630	635	7.1	6.9	7.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,640	4,945	4,690	53.9	53.9	53.8

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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