Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	MontcalmMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	111,955	56,100	55,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	22,675	11,635	11,040	20.3	20.7	19.8
0 to 4 years	7,255	3,680	3,570	6.5	6.6	6.4
5 to 9 years	7,750	4,025	3,725	6.9	7.2	6.7
10 to 14 years	7,675	3,930	3,745	6.9	7.0	6.7
15 to 64 years	71,800	36,120	35,680	64.1	64.4	63.9
15 to 19 years	5,830	3,085	2,745	5.2	5.5	4.9
20 to 24 years	5,240	2,590	2,645	4.7	4.6	4.7
25 to 29 years	7,270	3,605	3,670	6.5	6.4	6.6
30 to 34 years	8,200	4,060	4,135	7.3	7.2	7.4
35 to 39 years	7,740	3,820	3,920	6.9	6.8	7.0
40 to 44 years	8,075	4,010	4,070	7.2	7.1	7.3
45 to 49 years	6,965	3,545	3,420	6.2	6.3	6.1
50 to 54 years	6,880	3,525	3,360	6.1	6.3	6.0
55 to 59 years	8,095	4,065	4,030	7.2	7.2	7.2
60 to 64 years	7,510	3,805	3,700	6.7	6.8	6.6
65 years and over	17,485	8,340	9,140	15.6	14.9	16.4
65 to 69 years	5,945	2,970	2,970	5.3	5.3	5.3
70 to 74 years	4,765	2,310	2,455	4.3	4.1	4.4
75 to 79 years	3,160	1,575	1,590	2.8	2.8	2.8
80 to 84 years	1,820	945	875	1.6	1.7	1.6
85 years and over	1,790	550	1,245	1.6	1.0	2.2
85 to 89 years	975	375	600	0.9	0.7	1.1
90 to 94 years	725	155	570	0.6	0.3	1.0
95 to 99 years	80	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	10	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.3	20.7	19.8	20.3	20.7	19.8
15 to 64 years	64.1	64.4	63.9	64.1	64.4	63.9
65 years and over	15.6	14.9	16.4	15.6	14.9	16.4
85 years and over	1.6	1.0	2.2	1.6	1.0	2.2
Average age of the population	39.5	38.9	40.0	39.5	38.9	40.0
Median age of the population	39.6	39.2	39.6	39.6	39.2	39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	44,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	29,960	...	...	67.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,150	...	...	4.8	...	...
Row house	950	...	...	2.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,220	...	...	5.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,675	...	...	19.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	160	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	295	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	44,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,490	...	...	25.9	...	...
2 persons	15,545	...	...	35.0	...	...
3 persons	7,320	...	...	16.5	...	...
4 persons	6,430	...	...	14.5	...	...
5 or more persons	3,620	...	...	8.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	110,150	55,425	54,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	89,280	44,460	44,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	54,125	26,940	27,190	60.6	60.6	60.7
Married	25,220	12,560	12,665	28.2	28.3	28.3
Living common-law	28,910	14,385	14,530	32.4	32.4	32.4
Living common law - Never married	24,315	12,100	12,210	27.2	27.2	27.2
Living common law - Separated	290	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	3,835	1,935	1,905	4.3	4.4	4.3
Living common law - Widowed	465	210	255	0.5	0.5	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	35,150	17,520	17,630	39.4	39.4	39.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	25,070	13,725	11,345	28.1	30.9	25.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,140	540	600	1.3	1.2	1.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,080	2,180	2,895	5.7	4.9	6.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,860	1,075	2,790	4.3	2.4	6.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,160	...	...	50.2	...	...
3 persons	7,085	...	...	22.0	...	...
4 persons	6,155	...	...	19.1	...	...
5 or more persons	2,805	...	...	8.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	26,645	...	...	82.7	...	...
Married couples	12,190	...	...	37.9	...	...
With children⁶	5,360	...	...	16.6	...	...
Without children	6,825	...	...	21.2	...	...
Common-law couples	14,455	...	...	44.9	...	...
With children⁶	8,275	...	...	25.7	...	...
Without children	6,180	...	...	19.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,560	...	...	17.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,925	...	...	12.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,630	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	110,150	55,425	54,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	93,280	46,450	46,830	84.7	83.8	85.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	53,285	26,545	26,740	48.4	47.9	48.9
Parents in one-parent families	5,560	1,635	3,925	5.0	2.9	7.2
Children⁶	34,430	18,270	16,165	31.3	33.0	29.5
In a two-parent family	25,640	13,505	12,130	23.3	24.4	22.2
In a one-parent family	8,795	4,765	4,035	8.0	8.6	7.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,870	8,975	7,900	15.3	16.2	14.4
Living alone	11,490	6,090	5,400	10.4	11.0	9.9
Living with other relatives⁷	2,365	1,070	1,295	2.1	1.9	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	3,015	1,815	1,200	2.7	3.3	2.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	44,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	29,000	...	...	65.3	...	...
Couple-family households	24,465	...	...	55.1	...	...
With children⁶	12,600	...	...	28.4	...	...
Without children	11,870	...	...	26.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,530	...	...	10.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,050	...	...	2.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	225	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,315	...	...	3.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,325	...	...	3.0	...	...
One-person households	11,490	...	...	25.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	87,500	43,800	43,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,295	42,750	42,540	97.5	97.6	97.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	48,800	37,600	43,200	48,800	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,360	42,780	42,580	97.6	97.7	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,000	34,000	38,000	42,000	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,110	39,665	37,445	88.1	90.6	85.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	42,800	28,000	35,200	42,800	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,660	34,375	31,290	75.0	78.5	71.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,800	31,000	38,000	44,800	31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,870	34,260	37,605	82.1	78.2	86.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,000	9,400	12,300	11,000	9,400	12,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,925	7,680	6,245	15.9	17.5	14.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720	5,600	5,920	5,720	5,600	5,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,960	14,810	13,145	32.0	33.8	30.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,500	6,000	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	87,500	43,800	43,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,350	42,750	42,600	97.5	97.6	97.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,240	55,300	43,200	49,240	55,300	43,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,415	42,785	42,625	97.6	97.7	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,080	44,920	37,240	41,080	44,920	37,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,105	39,605	37,500	88.1	90.4	85.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,680	49,760	35,200	42,680	49,760	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65,665	34,285	31,375	75.0	78.3	71.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,920	49,880	37,440	43,920	49,880	37,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,890	34,280	37,615	82.2	78.3	86.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,690	11,460	13,800	12,690	11,460	13,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,980	7,745	6,235	16.0	17.7	14.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,020	6,360	7,830	7,020	6,360	7,830
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,045	14,975	13,070	32.1	34.2	29.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,650	7,130	8,250	7,650	7,130	8,250
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	87,500	43,800	43,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,105	17,350	14,755	36.7	39.6	33.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600	62,400	48,800	55,600	62,400	48,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,600	67,900	54,150	61,600	67,900	54,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,155	13,560	13,590	31.0	31.0	31.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,000	28,200	18,400	22,000	28,200	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,960	35,400	24,560	29,960	35,400	24,560
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.4	83.4	71.8	78.4	83.4	71.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.6	72.4	63.9	68.6	72.4	63.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.7	16.6	28.3	21.7	16.6	28.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.3	2.1	2.7	2.3	2.1	2.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.9	5.0	7.0	5.9	5.0	7.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.1	4.5	5.9	5.1	4.5	5.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	87,500	43,800	43,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,205	1,050	1,155	2.5	2.4	2.6
With total income	85,295	42,750	42,540	97.5	97.6	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,165	2,220	2,940	6.1	5.2	6.9
$10,000 to $19,999	9,130	3,415	5,715	10.7	8.0	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	13,315	5,715	7,595	15.6	13.4	17.9
$30,000 to $39,999	11,445	5,035	6,405	13.4	11.8	15.1
$40,000 to $49,999	11,500	5,590	5,910	13.5	13.1	13.9
$50,000 to $59,999	9,675	4,975	4,700	11.3	11.6	11.0
$60,000 to $69,999	7,170	4,175	2,995	8.4	9.8	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	5,515	3,445	2,070	6.5	8.1	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	4,035	2,475	1,560	4.7	5.8	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,700	1,745	955	3.2	4.1	2.3
$100,000 and over	5,650	3,960	1,690	6.6	9.3	4.0
$100,000 to $149,999	4,470	3,085	1,390	5.2	7.2	3.3
$150,000 and over	1,185	880	305	1.4	2.1	0.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	87,500	43,800	43,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,140	1,020	1,120	2.4	2.3	2.6
With after-tax income	85,360	42,780	42,580	97.6	97.7	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,560	2,355	3,200	6.5	5.5	7.5
$10,000 to $19,999	9,635	3,650	5,985	11.3	8.5	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	15,820	6,875	8,945	18.5	16.1	21.0
$30,000 to $39,999	14,770	7,030	7,740	17.3	16.4	18.2
$40,000 to $49,999	13,815	7,245	6,570	16.2	16.9	15.4
$50,000 to $59,999	10,085	5,890	4,195	11.8	13.8	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	6,720	3,970	2,745	7.9	9.3	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	3,955	2,375	1,580	4.6	5.6	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,135	1,375	765	2.5	3.2	1.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,165	785	380	1.4	1.8	0.9
$100,000 and over	1,695	1,220	475	2.0	2.9	1.1
$100,000 to $124,999	1,060	760	295	1.2	1.8	0.7
$125,000 and over	640	455	180	0.7	1.1	0.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	87,500	43,800	43,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	21,835	9,430	12,405	25.0	21.5	28.4
With employment income	65,660	34,375	31,290	75.1	78.5	71.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,200	3,575	3,625	11.0	10.4	11.6
$5,000 to $9,999	4,660	1,885	2,770	7.1	5.5	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	7,985	3,285	4,700	12.2	9.6	15.0
$20,000 to $29,999	7,295	3,155	4,140	11.1	9.2	13.2
$30,000 to $39,999	7,150	3,395	3,750	10.9	9.9	12.0
$40,000 to $49,999	7,155	3,620	3,540	10.9	10.5	11.3
$50,000 to $59,999	6,095	3,435	2,660	9.3	10.0	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	4,890	3,120	1,765	7.4	9.1	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	3,910	2,590	1,320	6.0	7.5	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,185	1,980	1,200	4.8	5.8	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,925	1,290	640	2.9	3.8	2.0
$100,000 and over	4,220	3,030	1,190	6.4	8.8	3.8
$100,000 to $124,999	2,440	1,695	750	3.7	4.9	2.4
$125,000 and over	1,780	1,335	440	2.7	3.9	1.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	87,500	43,800	43,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,910	42,010	41,905	95.9	95.9	95.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	47,600	34,400	40,800	47,600	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,970	42,010	41,960	96.0	95.9	96.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	41,200	31,200	36,000	41,200	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,940	39,130	36,810	86.8	89.3	84.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	44,800	29,200	36,800	44,800	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,660	34,330	31,330	75.0	78.4	71.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	46,400	31,600	38,800	46,400	31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,165	29,550	34,615	73.3	67.5	79.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,750	5,440	9,200	7,750	5,440	9,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	13,165	7,385	5,785	15.0	16.9	13.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,680	4,360	5,120	4,680	4,360	5,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	87,500	43,800	43,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,935	41,955	41,980	95.9	95.8	96.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,720	53,700	39,720	46,720	53,700	39,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,985	41,955	42,025	96.0	95.8	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	43,440	34,200	38,800	43,440	34,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,655	38,935	36,720	86.5	88.9	84.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,560	51,400	35,240	43,560	51,400	35,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,570	34,155	31,420	74.9	78.0	71.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,360	51,160	36,920	44,360	51,160	36,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,250	29,585	34,660	73.4	67.5	79.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,740	8,550	10,760	9,740	8,550	10,760
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,295	7,560	5,730	15.2	17.3	13.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,540	5,385	8,060	6,540	5,385	8,060
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	87,500	43,800	43,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,895	17,230	14,670	36.5	39.3	33.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	60,800	45,200	52,800	60,800	45,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,550	65,700	50,200	58,550	65,700	50,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,760	12,900	12,860	29.4	29.5	29.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,400	34,800	21,600	27,400	34,800	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,520	41,520	27,520	34,520	41,520	27,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.0	88.8	77.6	84.0	88.8	77.6
Employment income (%)	74.2	77.6	69.6	74.2	77.6	69.6
Government transfers (%)	16.0	11.2	22.4	16.0	11.2	22.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.2	1.8	2.8	2.2	1.8	2.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	44,405	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,490	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	...	...	42,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,915	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	44,405	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	94,700	...	...	94,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,510	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,600	...	...	49,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,120	...	...	41,120	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,890	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,400	...	...	110,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,300	...	...	92,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	44,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	220	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	110	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	350	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	550	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,820	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,270	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,255	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,730	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,765	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,800	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,515	...	...	7.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,360	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,330	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,160	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,980	...	...	6.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,190	...	...	38.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,270	...	...	14.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,285	...	...	9.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,360	...	...	9.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,275	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	44,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	260	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	120	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	360	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	610	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,955	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,535	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,605	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,190	...	...	4.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,170	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,170	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,315	...	...	9.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,200	...	...	9.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,940	...	...	8.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,720	...	...	8.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,185	...	...	7.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,065	...	...	27.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,970	...	...	13.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,165	...	...	7.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,935	...	...	6.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,945	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,035	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,755	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,275	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,505	7,900	6,605	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	44,800	35,600	40,400	44,800	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	38,800	32,000	35,600	38,800	32,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,925	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,100	...	...	110,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,900	...	...	91,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,030	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,800	...	...	91,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,100	...	...	77,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,800	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,600	...	...	114,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,215	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,600	...	...	75,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,900	...	...	65,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,480	7,910	6,570	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,640	51,750	42,640	47,640	51,750	42,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,720	42,160	36,760	39,720	42,160	36,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	110,150	55,425	54,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	26,320	13,595	12,730	23.9	24.5	23.3
0 to 5 years	8,785	4,500	4,285	8.0	8.1	7.8
18 to 64 years	67,815	33,930	33,875	61.6	61.2	61.9
65 years and over	16,015	7,895	8,120	14.5	14.2	14.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,080	4,225	4,850	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,910	1,005	900	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	620	325	290	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,250	2,015	2,235	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,925	1,210	1,715	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.2	7.6	8.9	8.2	7.6	8.9
0 to 17 years (%)	7.3	7.4	7.1	7.3	7.4	7.1
0 to 5 years (%)	7.0	7.3	6.8	7.0	7.3	6.8
18 to 64 years (%)	6.3	5.9	6.6	6.3	5.9	6.6
65 years and over (%)	18.2	15.3	21.1	18.2	15.3	21.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	110,150	55,425	54,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	26,320	13,595	12,730	23.9	24.5	23.3
0 to 5 years	8,785	4,500	4,285	8.0	8.1	7.8
18 to 64 years	67,815	33,930	33,875	61.6	61.2	61.9
65 years and over	16,015	7,895	8,120	14.5	14.2	14.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,485	1,245	1,245	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	435	230	205	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	135	70	70	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,685	885	800	...	...	...
65 years and over	370	130	235	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.3
0 to 17 years (%)	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.6
0 to 5 years (%)	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	2.5	2.6	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.4
65 years and over (%)	2.3	1.7	2.9	2.3	1.7	2.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	110,155	55,425	54,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	60,545	29,885	30,660	55.0	53.9	56.0
In bottom decile	7,530	3,570	3,965	6.8	6.4	7.2
In second decile	11,205	5,355	5,840	10.2	9.7	10.7
In third decile	13,010	6,380	6,625	11.8	11.5	12.1
In fourth decile	14,480	7,300	7,180	13.1	13.2	13.1
In fifth decile	14,320	7,275	7,045	13.0	13.1	12.9
In top half of the distribution	49,610	25,535	24,070	45.0	46.1	44.0
In sixth decile	13,815	7,155	6,660	12.5	12.9	12.2
In seventh decile	12,810	6,540	6,270	11.6	11.8	11.5
In eighth decile	10,750	5,520	5,230	9.8	10.0	9.6
In ninth decile	8,165	4,210	3,955	7.4	7.6	7.2
In top decile	4,065	2,110	1,950	3.7	3.8	3.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	110,150	...	...	110,150	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.264	...	...	0.264	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.388	...	...	0.388	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.228	...	...	0.228	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	111,100	55,850	55,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	430	230	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
French only	69,020	33,495	35,525	62.1	60.0	64.3
English and French	41,445	22,005	19,440	37.3	39.4	35.2
Neither English nor French	195	115	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	111,100	55,850	55,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,715	1,375	1,340	2.4	2.5	2.4
French	107,145	53,815	53,325	96.4	96.4	96.5
English and French	1,055	545	510	0.9	1.0	0.9
Neither English nor French	190	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	111,100	55,850	55,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,120	54,850	54,275	98.2	98.2	98.2
Official languages	105,060	52,795	52,265	94.6	94.5	94.6
English	1,990	1,000	995	1.8	1.8	1.8
French	103,065	51,795	51,265	92.8	92.7	92.8
Non-official languages	4,065	2,055	2,010	3.7	3.7	3.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,055	2,050	2,005	3.6	3.7	3.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	600	310	290	0.5	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	470	240	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	470	240	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	470	230	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian Creole	375	180	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,545	1,310	1,235	2.3	2.3	2.2
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,190	1,135	1,055	2.0	2.0	1.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	505	285	220	0.5	0.5	0.4
Portuguese	300	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	1,180	600	580	1.1	1.1	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,980	1,000	980	1.8	1.8	1.8
English and French	1,165	600	560	1.0	1.1	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	550	265	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	111,100	55,850	55,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,200	615	580	1.1	1.1	1.0
French	101,305	50,905	50,405	91.2	91.1	91.2
Non-official language	790	420	370	0.7	0.8	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	790	420	370	0.7	0.8	0.7
English and French	4,170	2,150	2,015	3.8	3.8	3.6
English and non-official language(s)	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	2,240	1,055	1,190	2.0	1.9	2.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,175	590	585	1.1	1.1	1.1
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	111,100	55,850	55,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,145	54,910	54,235	98.2	98.3	98.2
Official languages	107,550	54,080	53,475	96.8	96.8	96.8
English	1,925	975	950	1.7	1.7	1.7
French	105,630	53,105	52,525	95.1	95.1	95.1
Non-official languages	1,595	835	765	1.4	1.5	1.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,595	835	765	1.4	1.5	1.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	205	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	155	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	155	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,035	540	500	0.9	1.0	0.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	915	475	440	0.8	0.9	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	645	345	300	0.6	0.6	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,960	940	1,015	1.8	1.7	1.8
English and French	1,080	515	560	1.0	0.9	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	620	280	340	0.6	0.5	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	165	95	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	111,100	55,850	55,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	104,935	52,740	52,190	94.5	94.4	94.5
English	2,870	1,515	1,360	2.6	2.7	2.5
French	1,105	555	550	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official language	1,345	615	730	1.2	1.1	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,340	615	730	1.2	1.1	1.3
English and French	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	470	240	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	150	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	110,150	55,425	54,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	109,970	55,345	54,630	99.8	99.9	99.8
English	41,650	22,020	19,630	37.8	39.7	35.9
French	109,440	55,065	54,375	99.4	99.4	99.4
Non-official languages	8,765	4,315	4,445	8.0	7.8	8.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,750	4,310	4,440	7.9	7.8	8.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,250	665	590	1.1	1.2	1.1
Berber languages	205	125	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kabyle	150	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamazight	55	45	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,160	605	555	1.1	1.1	1.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,150	605	545	1.0	1.1	1.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	1,340	620	720	1.2	1.1	1.3
Haitian Creole	1,235	575	665	1.1	1.0	1.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,430	2,655	2,775	4.9	4.8	5.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	340	200	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	340	200	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	245	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	195	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	150	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	145	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,825	2,300	2,520	4.4	4.1	4.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,055	580	480	1.0	1.0	0.9
Portuguese	445	215	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	245	105	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Spanish	3,295	1,530	1,765	3.0	2.8	3.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	350	175	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	175	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lao	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Thai	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	110,150	55,420	54,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,980	995	980	1.8	1.8	1.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,760	890	870	1.6	1.6	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,020	475	545	0.9	0.9	1.0
Métis	725	405	320	0.7	0.7	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	140	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	108,175	54,430	53,745	98.2	98.2	98.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	110,150	55,420	54,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	355	180	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	109,795	55,240	54,555	99.7	99.7	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	44,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	33,090	...	...	74.5	...	...
Renter	11,315	...	...	25.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	44,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,260	...	...	11.8	...	...
Not condominium	39,145	...	...	88.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	44,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	55	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	4,115	...	...	9.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	14,180	...	...	31.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,610	...	...	35.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,440	...	...	23.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	44,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,910	...	...	26.8	...	...
5 rooms	7,450	...	...	16.8	...	...
6 rooms	5,945	...	...	13.4	...	...
7 rooms	6,165	...	...	13.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,935	...	...	29.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	44,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	44,085	...	...	99.3	...	...
More than one person per room	315	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	44,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	43,130	...	...	97.1	...	...
Not suitable	1,275	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	44,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,755	...	...	10.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,765	...	...	24.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,880	...	...	11.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,880	...	...	11.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,585	...	...	8.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	6,380	...	...	14.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,855	...	...	10.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,310	...	...	9.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	44,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	42,345	...	...	95.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,060	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	44,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	21,830	...	...	49.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	21,330	...	...	48.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,240	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	44,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	945	...	...	2.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,510	...	...	16.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,990	...	...	20.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,050	...	...	18.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,040	...	...	20.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,360	...	...	14.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,865	...	...	6.5	...	...
85 years and over	635	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	44,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	38,510	...	...	87.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,510	...	...	12.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,115	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	44,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,380	...	...	18.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,140	...	...	11.6	...	...
Not suitable only	1,085	...	...	2.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,685	...	...	3.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	275	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	36,030	...	...	81.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	43,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,770	...	...	4.1	...	...
Not in core need	41,855	...	...	95.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	32,810	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	75.1	...	...	75.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.1	...	...	10.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,220	...	...	1,220	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,234	...	...	1,234	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	327,600	...	...	327,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,265	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.7	...	...	19.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.0	...	...	10.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	880	...	...	880	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	899	...	...	899	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	110,150	55,425	54,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,880	900	985	1.7	1.6	1.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,850	880	975	1.7	1.6	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,570	730	835	1.4	1.3	1.5
Métis single ancestry	275	150	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,935	1,465	1,470	2.7	2.6	2.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,920	1,460	1,455	2.7	2.6	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,705	1,335	1,365	2.5	2.4	2.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	195	115	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	105,340	53,060	52,280	95.6	95.7	95.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	110,150	55,420	54,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	108,740	54,645	54,095	98.7	98.6	98.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	26,165	13,480	12,685	23.8	24.3	23.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	82,575	41,165	41,410	75.0	74.3	75.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,410	780	630	1.3	1.4	1.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	110,150	55,420	54,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	104,420	52,465	51,960	94.8	94.7	94.9
Immigrants⁸¹	5,440	2,780	2,660	4.9	5.0	4.9
Before 1980	895	495	395	0.8	0.9	0.7
1980 to 1990	605	340	265	0.5	0.6	0.5
1991 to 2000	775	380	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
2001 to 2010	1,585	775	810	1.4	1.4	1.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,575	785	785	1.4	1.4	1.4
2011 to 2015	985	435	550	0.9	0.8	1.0
2016 to 2021	590	350	240	0.5	0.6	0.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	285	180	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,440	2,780	2,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	625	315	310	11.5	11.3	11.7
5 to 14 years	1,150	550	605	21.1	19.8	22.7
15 to 24 years	915	440	475	16.8	15.8	17.9
25 to 44 years	2,440	1,330	1,115	44.9	47.8	41.9
45 years and over	305	145	160	5.6	5.2	6.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,440	2,780	2,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,975	940	1,035	36.3	33.8	38.9
Brazil	40	20	20	0.7	0.7	0.8
Colombia	110	35	70	2.0	1.3	2.6
El Salvador	110	50	65	2.0	1.8	2.4
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	825	410	420	15.2	14.7	15.8
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Mexico	120	50	70	2.2	1.8	2.6
Peru	115	60	55	2.1	2.2	2.1
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	145	65	75	2.7	2.3	2.8
Other places of birth in Americas	500	235	255	9.2	8.5	9.6
Europe	1,570	865	705	28.9	31.1	26.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	660	395	270	12.1	14.2	10.2
Germany	35	25	0	0.6	0.9	0.0
Greece	35	25	15	0.6	0.9	0.6
Hungary	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Italy	200	120	80	3.7	4.3	3.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	15	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Portugal	150	70	85	2.8	2.5	3.2
Romania	160	65	95	2.9	2.3	3.6
Russian Federation	25	15	10	0.5	0.5	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	10	20	0.5	0.4	0.8
Other places of birth in Europe	205	110	100	3.8	4.0	3.8
Africa	1,470	775	700	27.0	27.9	26.3
Algeria	325	180	145	6.0	6.5	5.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	105	45	65	1.9	1.6	2.4
Egypt	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	365	185	175	6.7	6.7	6.6
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	655	355	300	12.0	12.8	11.3
Asia	420	195	220	7.7	7.0	8.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	70	40	30	1.3	1.4	1.1
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Turkey	40	20	20	0.7	0.7	0.8
China⁹⁰	50	15	45	0.9	0.5	1.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	0	30	0.6	0.0	1.1
Viet Nam	30	20	10	0.6	0.7	0.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Pakistan	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	125	70	50	2.3	2.5	1.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	590	350	240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	200	110	85	33.9	31.4	35.4
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	0	15	2.5	0.0	6.3
Haiti	75	45	30	12.7	12.9	12.5
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	0	10	1.7	0.0	4.2
United States of America	30	20	15	5.1	5.7	6.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	10	2.5	0.0	4.2
Other places of birth in Americas	55	35	15	9.3	10.0	6.3
Europe	90	70	25	15.3	20.0	10.4
France	65	45	20	11.0	12.9	8.3
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	1.7	2.9	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	10	10	2.5	2.9	4.2
Africa	280	165	115	47.5	47.1	47.9
Algeria	35	30	10	5.9	8.6	4.2
Burundi	40	25	15	6.8	7.1	6.3
Cameroon	50	30	15	8.5	8.6	6.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	0	1.7	2.9	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	25	10	10	4.2	2.9	4.2
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	30	20	15	5.1	5.7	6.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	35	15	20	5.9	4.3	8.3
Other places of birth in Africa	60	30	25	10.2	8.6	10.4
Asia	20	10	10	3.4	2.9	4.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	110,150	55,420	54,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	6,000	3,065	2,940	5.4	5.5	5.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,335	3,165	3,170	5.8	5.7	5.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	97,815	49,195	48,615	88.8	88.8	88.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,545	2,285	2,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,205	1,185	1,020	48.5	51.9	45.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	930	625	310	20.5	27.4	13.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,275	565	710	28.1	24.7	31.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,610	695	910	35.4	30.4	40.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	615	320	295	13.5	14.0	13.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	115	75	40	2.5	3.3	1.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,545	2,285	2,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	560	320	240	12.3	14.0	10.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	350	220	130	7.7	9.6	5.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	85	35	50	1.9	1.5	2.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	180	120	60	4.0	5.3	2.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	65	20	45	1.4	0.9	2.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,310	1,575	1,735	72.8	68.9	76.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	110,150	55,425	54,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,560	3,255	3,300	6.0	5.9	6.0
South Asian	155	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese	150	45	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Black	3,490	1,775	1,715	3.2	3.2	3.1
Filipino	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	1,060	545	515	1.0	1.0	0.9
Latin American	1,105	505	605	1.0	0.9	1.1
Southeast Asian	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	45	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	170	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	103,590	52,165	51,430	94.0	94.1	94.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	110,150	55,425	54,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	42,940	21,390	21,550	39.0	38.6	39.4
English	1,335	650	680	1.2	1.2	1.2
Irish	4,680	2,250	2,430	4.2	4.1	4.4
Scottish	1,590	735	850	1.4	1.3	1.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	21,800	11,020	10,780	19.8	19.9	19.7
German	1,170	600	575	1.1	1.1	1.1
Chinese	230	75	155	0.2	0.1	0.3
Italian	4,420	2,155	2,265	4.0	3.9	4.1
Indian (India)	180	65	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ukrainian	340	165	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Polish	440	235	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Québécois	18,995	9,655	9,340	17.2	17.4	17.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	175	115	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Filipino	125	80	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	7,590	3,800	3,795	6.9	6.9	6.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,090	1,655	1,435	2.8	3.0	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,340	1,165	1,175	2.1	2.1	2.1
Métis	500	285	215	0.5	0.5	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	970	500	475	0.9	0.9	0.9
Russian	220	125	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norwegian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	810	355	450	0.7	0.6	0.8
American	530	230	295	0.5	0.4	0.5
Spanish	800	410	390	0.7	0.7	0.7
Swedish	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungarian	235	100	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Acadian	2,005	970	1,035	1.8	1.8	1.9
Pakistani	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	410	215	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	375	185	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Greek	300	165	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	50	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	265	100	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lebanese	245	110	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,210	605	605	1.1	1.1	1.1
Danish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	410	185	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	700	360	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Haitian	2,185	1,075	1,110	2.0	1.9	2.0
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	230	90	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	305	145	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Egyptian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	170	55	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	465	230	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Czech	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	170	70	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	380	215	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Brazilian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	235	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	300	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	195	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	115	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	270	165	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guatemalan	135	40	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Franco Ontarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	90	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	110	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	220	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moldovan	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	175	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	230	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	165	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	385	205	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Norman	155	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	50	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	110,150	55,425	54,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	145	90	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Christian	73,580	36,445	37,140	66.8	65.8	67.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,640	2,775	2,860	5.1	5.0	5.2
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	440	240	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catholic	65,345	32,425	32,925	59.3	58.5	60.2
Christian Orthodox	430	210	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	400	155	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	70	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Presbyterian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	940	455	485	0.9	0.8	0.9
Hindu	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	1,400	720	685	1.3	1.3	1.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	34,705	18,015	16,695	31.5	32.5	30.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	108,755	54,755	54,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	95,695	48,460	47,235	88.0	88.5	87.5
Movers	13,065	6,295	6,770	12.0	11.5	12.5
Non-migrants	5,015	2,310	2,705	4.6	4.2	5.0
Migrants	8,050	3,990	4,060	7.4	7.3	7.5
Internal migrants	7,955	3,940	4,015	7.3	7.2	7.4
Intraprovincial migrants	7,820	3,875	3,950	7.2	7.1	7.3
Interprovincial migrants	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	102,815	51,720	51,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	60,535	31,185	29,350	58.9	60.3	57.4
Movers	42,280	20,535	21,745	41.1	39.7	42.6
Non-migrants	11,395	5,455	5,940	11.1	10.5	11.6
Migrants	30,885	15,080	15,805	30.0	29.2	30.9
Internal migrants	30,230	14,735	15,495	29.4	28.5	30.3
Intraprovincial migrants	29,955	14,595	15,360	29.1	28.2	30.1
Interprovincial migrants	275	145	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	655	345	310	0.6	0.7	0.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	87,500	43,800	43,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	22,325	13,180	9,145	25.5	30.1	20.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	65,175	30,615	34,560	74.5	69.9	79.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,490	30,220	30,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,995	7,610	4,380	19.8	25.2	14.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	48,495	22,605	25,890	80.2	74.8	85.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	87,495	43,800	43,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,685	10,640	8,050	21.4	24.3	18.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,865	9,960	10,905	23.8	22.7	25.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	47,945	23,195	24,745	54.8	53.0	56.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	38,080	19,665	18,410	43.5	44.9	42.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	21,080	12,980	8,100	24.1	29.6	18.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	14,355	7,320	7,035	16.4	16.7	16.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,725	5,660	1,065	7.7	12.9	2.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,270	5,635	8,645	16.3	12.9	19.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,720	1,055	1,665	3.1	2.4	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,870	3,530	6,335	11.3	8.1	14.5
Bachelor's degree	7,330	2,580	4,755	8.4	5.9	10.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	860	315	545	1.0	0.7	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	190	55	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
Master's degree	1,340	500	840	1.5	1.1	1.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	145	90	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,495	30,220	30,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,135	5,670	3,465	15.1	18.8	11.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,300	6,025	6,275	20.3	19.9	20.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,055	18,525	20,535	64.6	61.3	67.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30,705	15,705	15,000	50.8	52.0	49.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	17,485	10,545	6,940	28.9	34.9	22.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,815	5,785	6,030	19.5	19.1	19.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,670	4,760	910	9.4	15.8	3.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,095	4,355	6,740	18.3	14.4	22.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,120	805	1,315	3.5	2.7	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,350	2,820	5,530	13.8	9.3	18.3
Bachelor's degree	6,185	2,060	4,125	10.2	6.8	13.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	725	240	485	1.2	0.8	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	165	40	120	0.3	0.1	0.4
Master's degree	1,180	430	750	2.0	1.4	2.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	95	45	45	0.2	0.1	0.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	87,495	43,800	43,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	39,555	20,600	18,955	45.2	47.0	43.4
Education	3,325	595	2,735	3.8	1.4	6.3
13. Education	3,325	595	2,735	3.8	1.4	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,440	660	780	1.6	1.5	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	285	205	80	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,155	455	705	1.3	1.0	1.6
Humanities	1,625	640	990	1.9	1.5	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	110	25	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,115	465	650	1.3	1.1	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
54. History	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	205	35	170	0.2	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,580	810	2,765	4.1	1.8	6.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	355	105	250	0.4	0.2	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,135	40	1,090	1.3	0.1	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	690	160	530	0.8	0.4	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	630	180	455	0.7	0.4	1.0
45. Social sciences	675	315	360	0.8	0.7	0.8
Business, management and public administration	9,770	2,715	7,055	11.2	6.2	16.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	620	90	535	0.7	0.2	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,135	2,625	6,505	10.4	6.0	14.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	980	460	525	1.1	1.1	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	310	90	215	0.4	0.2	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	135	65	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	250	95	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
40. Physical sciences	190	135	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	70	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,325	940	390	1.5	2.1	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,165	870	295	1.3	2.0	0.7
25. Library science	90	15	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,155	12,060	1,095	15.0	27.5	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	255	145	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	880	740	135	1.0	1.7	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,035	1,695	340	2.3	3.9	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,330	4,125	210	4.9	9.4	0.5
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,375	3,225	150	3.9	7.4	0.3
48. Precision production	2,285	2,135	150	2.6	4.9	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,170	630	545	1.3	1.4	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	955	480	470	1.1	1.1	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	215	145	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	6,285	795	5,495	7.2	1.8	12.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	275	130	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,920	645	5,275	6.8	1.5	12.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,275	2,910	2,370	6.0	6.6	5.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,315	505	1,810	2.6	1.2	4.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,390	1,020	365	1.6	2.3	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,560	1,375	185	1.8	3.1	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	60,490	30,220	30,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,435	11,695	9,745	35.4	38.7	32.2
Education	2,545	390	2,150	4.2	1.3	7.1
13. Education	2,545	390	2,150	4.2	1.3	7.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,140	490	650	1.9	1.6	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	225	160	60	0.4	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	915	335	585	1.5	1.1	1.9
Humanities	1,055	410	650	1.7	1.4	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	95	20	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	685	295	390	1.1	1.0	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
54. History	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	155	20	130	0.3	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,000	615	2,385	5.0	2.0	7.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	310	85	220	0.5	0.3	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,015	20	1,000	1.7	0.1	3.3
22. Legal professions and studies	575	115	460	1.0	0.4	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	490	135	360	0.8	0.4	1.2
45. Social sciences	560	245	320	0.9	0.8	1.1
Business, management and public administration	8,135	2,135	5,995	13.4	7.1	19.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	525	65	465	0.9	0.2	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,600	2,075	5,520	12.6	6.9	18.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	610	285	325	1.0	0.9	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	250	75	170	0.4	0.2	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	135	90	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	55	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,070	775	300	1.8	2.6	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	965	735	235	1.6	2.4	0.8
25. Library science	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,845	9,850	995	17.9	32.6	3.3
04. Architecture and related services	220	125	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	760	635	130	1.3	2.1	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,690	1,380	315	2.8	4.6	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,595	3,400	195	5.9	11.3	0.6
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,725	2,600	125	4.5	8.6	0.4
48. Precision production	1,855	1,720	135	3.1	5.7	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	945	480	465	1.6	1.6	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	755	355	400	1.2	1.2	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	190	120	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	5,265	655	4,610	8.7	2.2	15.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	230	100	135	0.4	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,950	540	4,410	8.2	1.8	14.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,435	2,435	2,000	7.3	8.1	6.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,890	365	1,525	3.1	1.2	5.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,195	885	310	2.0	2.9	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,340	1,180	160	2.2	3.9	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	60,490	30,220	30,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,435	11,695	9,745	35.4	38.7	32.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	39,055	18,525	20,530	64.6	61.3	67.8
Location of study inside Canada	37,630	17,780	19,850	62.2	58.8	65.6
Same as province or territory of residence	37,330	17,610	19,720	61.7	58.3	65.1
Different than province or territory of residence	300	170	130	0.5	0.6	0.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,420	745	680	2.3	2.5	2.2
Americas	395	185	205	0.7	0.6	0.7
United States of America	95	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mexico	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	480	310	165	0.8	1.0	0.5
Belgium	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	285	195	90	0.5	0.6	0.3
Germany	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	405	175	230	0.7	0.6	0.8
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	105	35	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tunisia	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	145	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Asia	135	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	87,500	43,800	43,695	...	...	...
In the labour force	60,590	31,425	29,165	...	...	...
Employed	57,135	29,625	27,505	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,455	1,795	1,655	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	26,910	12,370	14,535	...	...	...
Participation rate	69.2	71.7	66.7	69.2	71.7	66.7
Employment rate	65.3	67.6	62.9	65.3	67.6	62.9
Unemployment rate	5.7	5.7	5.7	5.7	5.7	5.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	87,500	43,800	43,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	26,585	11,950	14,635	30.4	27.3	33.5
Worked	60,910	31,850	29,060	69.6	72.7	66.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	32,735	17,710	15,030	37.4	40.4	34.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,175	14,140	14,030	32.2	32.3	32.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.0	42.4	41.6	42.0	42.4	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	60,590	31,430	29,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	900	415	480	1.5	1.3	1.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	59,690	31,010	28,680	98.5	98.7	98.4
Employee	52,255	26,415	25,840	86.2	84.0	88.6
Permanent position	45,675	23,460	22,215	75.4	74.6	76.2
Temporary position	6,580	2,950	3,625	10.9	9.4	12.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,820	675	1,155	3.0	2.1	4.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,750	2,275	2,470	7.8	7.2	8.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,435	4,600	2,840	12.3	14.6	9.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	60,590	31,430	29,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	900	415	480	1.5	1.3	1.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	59,690	31,010	28,680	98.5	98.7	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,035	780	255	1.7	2.5	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,430	2,310	7,120	15.6	7.3	24.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,905	2,200	705	4.8	7.0	2.4
3 Health occupations	4,580	595	3,985	7.6	1.9	13.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,090	1,645	5,450	11.7	5.2	18.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,190	620	570	2.0	2.0	2.0
6 Sales and service occupations	13,925	5,870	8,055	23.0	18.7	27.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	15,170	13,835	1,340	25.0	44.0	4.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,300	985	315	2.1	3.1	1.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,060	2,180	880	5.1	6.9	3.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	60,590	31,430	29,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	900	415	480	1.5	1.3	1.6
All industries¹⁹¹	59,690	31,010	28,680	98.5	98.7	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,210	780	430	2.0	2.5	1.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	195	160	35	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	400	265	130	0.7	0.8	0.4
23 Construction	8,425	7,180	1,240	13.9	22.8	4.3
31-33 Manufacturing	6,505	4,665	1,840	10.7	14.8	6.3
41 Wholesale trade	2,130	1,490	635	3.5	4.7	2.2
44-45 Retail trade	7,830	3,635	4,195	12.9	11.6	14.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,915	2,175	745	4.8	6.9	2.6
51 Information and cultural industries	665	355	310	1.1	1.1	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	1,680	555	1,125	2.8	1.8	3.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	705	365	340	1.2	1.2	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,920	1,390	1,530	4.8	4.4	5.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,380	1,505	875	3.9	4.8	3.0
61 Educational services	3,880	840	3,030	6.4	2.7	10.4
62 Health care and social assistance	8,280	1,005	7,280	13.7	3.2	25.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	575	335	240	0.9	1.1	0.8
72 Accommodation and food services	2,755	1,105	1,655	4.5	3.5	5.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,945	1,485	1,455	4.9	4.7	5.0
91 Public administration	3,230	1,690	1,540	5.3	5.4	5.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	64,085	33,305	30,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	835	510	325	1.3	1.5	1.1
French	52,575	26,830	25,745	82.0	80.6	83.7
Non-official language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	10,260	5,770	4,490	16.0	17.3	14.6
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	130	75	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	265	115	150	0.4	0.3	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	64,085	33,305	30,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	62,575	32,475	30,105	97.6	97.5	97.8
Official languages	62,535	32,455	30,075	97.6	97.4	97.7
English	2,025	1,220	810	3.2	3.7	2.6
French	60,505	31,240	29,265	94.4	93.8	95.1
Non-official languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,505	835	670	2.3	2.5	2.2
English and French	1,420	805	625	2.2	2.4	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	64,085	33,305	30,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	54,870	28,155	26,715	85.6	84.5	86.8
English	7,705	4,290	3,420	12.0	12.9	11.1
French	1,195	720	475	1.9	2.2	1.5
Non-official language	115	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	115	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	150	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	57,130	29,630	27,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,020	3,525	4,495	14.0	11.9	16.3
Worked outside Canada	90	60	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	9,485	7,455	2,025	16.6	25.2	7.4
Usual place of work	39,540	18,580	20,960	69.2	62.7	76.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	39,540	18,580	20,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,245	3,355	4,890	20.9	18.1	23.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,670	2,710	3,960	16.9	14.6	18.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	24,580	12,485	12,095	62.2	67.2	57.7
Commute to a different province or territory	45	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	49,025	26,040	22,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	45,975	24,715	21,265	93.8	94.9	92.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	43,845	23,760	20,090	89.4	91.2	87.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,130	950	1,175	4.3	3.6	5.1
Public transit	810	300	515	1.7	1.2	2.2
Walked	1,315	540	775	2.7	2.1	3.4
Bicycle	205	145	60	0.4	0.6	0.3
Other method	720	350	375	1.5	1.3	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	49,025	26,040	22,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	10,075	4,380	5,700	20.6	16.8	24.8
15 to 29 minutes	14,105	6,540	7,565	28.8	25.1	32.9
30 to 44 minutes	13,245	7,565	5,675	27.0	29.1	24.7
45 to 59 minutes	6,325	3,990	2,335	12.9	15.3	10.2
60 minutes and over	5,275	3,565	1,710	10.8	13.7	7.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	49,025	26,040	22,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	7,295	5,835	1,465	14.9	22.4	6.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,975	5,940	4,030	20.3	22.8	17.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,010	4,940	7,070	24.5	19.0	30.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,220	2,570	4,655	14.7	9.9	20.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,810	1,320	2,490	7.8	5.1	10.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,710	5,440	3,275	17.8	20.9	14.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	26,690	13,780	12,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,790	1,420	1,375	10.5	10.3	10.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	23,890	12,365	11,530	89.5	89.7	89.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	18,905	9,825	9,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,050	1,055	1,000	10.8	10.7	11.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,275	635	640	6.7	6.5	7.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	780	420	360	4.1	4.3	4.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,855	8,765	8,090	89.2	89.2	89.0

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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