Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Montcalm, Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	58,680	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	52,596	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	11.6	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	25,557	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	23,989	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	82.7	...	...	82.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	709.58	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	58,680	30,120	28,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11,745	6,015	5,730	20.0	20.0	20.1
0 to 4 years	4,200	2,095	2,105	7.2	7.0	7.4
5 to 9 years	3,910	2,055	1,860	6.7	6.8	6.5
10 to 14 years	3,640	1,865	1,770	6.2	6.2	6.2
15 to 64 years	37,740	19,425	18,315	64.3	64.5	64.1
15 to 19 years	2,685	1,380	1,305	4.6	4.6	4.6
20 to 24 years	2,635	1,285	1,355	4.5	4.3	4.7
25 to 29 years	4,135	2,060	2,070	7.0	6.8	7.2
30 to 34 years	4,595	2,300	2,295	7.8	7.6	8.0
35 to 39 years	3,920	2,055	1,865	6.7	6.8	6.5
40 to 44 years	3,825	2,000	1,830	6.5	6.6	6.4
45 to 49 years	3,155	1,680	1,480	5.4	5.6	5.2
50 to 54 years	3,655	1,915	1,740	6.2	6.4	6.1
55 to 59 years	4,700	2,425	2,270	8.0	8.1	7.9
60 to 64 years	4,425	2,320	2,100	7.5	7.7	7.4
65 years and over	9,195	4,675	4,515	15.7	15.5	15.8
65 to 69 years	3,380	1,770	1,605	5.8	5.9	5.6
70 to 74 years	2,500	1,325	1,180	4.3	4.4	4.1
75 to 79 years	1,690	860	825	2.9	2.9	2.9
80 to 84 years	930	480	450	1.6	1.6	1.6
85 years and over	695	240	455	1.2	0.8	1.6
85 to 89 years	440	185	250	0.7	0.6	0.9
90 to 94 years	220	50	170	0.4	0.2	0.6
95 to 99 years	35	5	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.0	20.0	20.1	20.0	20.0	20.1
15 to 64 years	64.3	64.5	64.1	64.3	64.5	64.1
65 years and over	15.7	15.5	15.8	15.7	15.5	15.8
85 years and over	1.2	0.8	1.6	1.2	0.8	1.6
Average age of the population	39.7	39.7	39.7	39.7	39.7	39.7
Median age of the population	39.6	40.0	39.2	39.6	40.0	39.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	23,990	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	18,905	...	...	78.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	730	...	...	3.0	...	...
Row house	125	...	...	0.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,185	...	...	4.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,670	...	...	11.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	80	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	300	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	23,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	6,570	...	...	27.4	...	...
2 persons	8,690	...	...	36.2	...	...
3 persons	3,775	...	...	15.7	...	...
4 persons	3,055	...	...	12.7	...	...
5 or more persons	1,905	...	...	7.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	58,050	29,815	28,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	46,935	24,100	22,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	28,385	14,160	14,225	60.5	58.8	62.3
Married	12,260	6,150	6,115	26.1	25.5	26.8
Living common-law	16,120	8,015	8,110	34.3	33.3	35.5
Living common law - Never married	13,595	6,770	6,825	29.0	28.1	29.9
Living common law - Separated	180	85	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	2,090	1,045	1,040	4.5	4.3	4.6
Living common law - Widowed	260	105	150	0.6	0.4	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	18,550	9,940	8,610	39.5	41.2	37.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	13,155	7,560	5,590	28.0	31.4	24.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	640	325	310	1.4	1.3	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,785	1,415	1,375	5.9	5.9	6.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,970	635	1,330	4.2	2.6	5.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	16,855	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	8,970	...	...	53.2	...	...
3 persons	3,575	...	...	21.2	...	...
4 persons	2,875	...	...	17.1	...	...
5 or more persons	1,430	...	...	8.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	16,855	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	13,980	...	...	82.9	...	...
Married couples	5,920	...	...	35.1	...	...
With children⁶	2,245	...	...	13.3	...	...
Without children	3,675	...	...	21.8	...	...
Common-law couples	8,060	...	...	47.8	...	...
With children⁶	4,465	...	...	26.5	...	...
Without children	3,595	...	...	21.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,875	...	...	17.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,945	...	...	11.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	925	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	58,050	29,815	28,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	47,925	23,940	23,985	82.6	80.3	84.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	27,955	13,930	14,025	48.2	46.7	49.7
Parents in one-parent families	2,875	925	1,950	5.0	3.1	6.9
Children⁶	17,095	9,080	8,010	29.4	30.5	28.4
In a two-parent family	12,580	6,620	5,960	21.7	22.2	21.1
In a one-parent family	4,515	2,465	2,050	7.8	8.3	7.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	10,130	5,875	4,250	17.5	19.7	15.1
Living alone	6,575	3,940	2,635	11.3	13.2	9.3
Living with other relatives⁷	1,450	685	760	2.5	2.3	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	2,105	1,250	855	3.6	4.2	3.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	23,990	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	14,965	...	...	62.4	...	...
Couple-family households	12,720	...	...	53.0	...	...
With children⁶	6,130	...	...	25.6	...	...
Without children	6,595	...	...	27.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,245	...	...	9.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	595	...	...	2.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	125	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	805	...	...	3.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	925	...	...	3.9	...	...
One-person households	6,575	...	...	27.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	46,325	23,805	22,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45,210	23,285	21,925	97.6	97.8	97.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,400	34,400	39,200	44,400	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45,255	23,305	21,945	97.7	97.9	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	38,800	31,400	35,200	38,800	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	39,595	20,990	18,605	85.5	88.2	82.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,000	38,400	23,800	31,000	38,400	23,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,420	18,060	15,360	72.1	75.9	68.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	40,400	26,600	33,600	40,400	26,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	39,360	19,750	19,610	85.0	83.0	87.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,800	10,300	13,300	11,800	10,300	13,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,305	4,785	3,525	17.9	20.1	15.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,920	6,000	5,760	5,920	6,000	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,405	8,435	6,970	33.3	35.4	31.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	8,000	6,500	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	46,325	23,805	22,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45,210	23,305	21,915	97.6	97.9	97.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,080	49,360	38,520	44,080	49,360	38,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45,250	23,320	21,930	97.7	98.0	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,520	40,920	33,920	37,520	40,920	33,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	39,700	21,045	18,650	85.7	88.4	82.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,040	43,280	30,000	37,040	43,280	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,420	18,010	15,410	72.1	75.7	68.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,480	43,960	32,040	38,480	43,960	32,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	39,335	19,720	19,615	84.9	82.8	87.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,280	12,100	14,480	13,280	12,100	14,480
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,245	4,770	3,475	17.8	20.0	15.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,860	6,610	7,190	6,860	6,610	7,190
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,515	8,540	6,975	33.5	35.9	31.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,830	7,330	8,450	7,830	7,330	8,450
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	46,325	23,805	22,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	15,240	8,590	6,645	32.9	36.1	29.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,000	55,200	44,000	50,000	55,200	44,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,200	59,350	47,560	54,200	59,350	47,560
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,550	7,425	7,120	31.4	31.2	31.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,400	27,800	17,400	21,400	27,800	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,920	33,520	22,060	27,920	33,520	22,060
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	73.8	79.2	66.4	73.8	79.2	66.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.6	68.8	58.5	64.6	68.8	58.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	26.2	20.8	33.6	26.2	20.8	33.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.8	2.7	3.0	2.8	2.7	3.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.0	6.1	8.3	7.0	6.1	8.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.1	5.4	7.0	6.1	5.4	7.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	46,320	23,805	22,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,115	520	595	2.4	2.2	2.6
With total income	45,210	23,285	21,925	97.6	97.8	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,930	1,230	1,695	6.5	5.3	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	5,405	2,110	3,295	12.0	9.1	15.0
$20,000 to $29,999	8,005	3,690	4,315	17.7	15.8	19.7
$30,000 to $39,999	6,795	3,075	3,720	15.0	13.2	17.0
$40,000 to $49,999	6,430	3,300	3,130	14.2	14.2	14.3
$50,000 to $59,999	5,055	2,760	2,295	11.2	11.9	10.5
$60,000 to $69,999	3,665	2,295	1,370	8.1	9.9	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,470	1,665	805	5.5	7.2	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	1,605	1,065	540	3.6	4.6	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,000	725	270	2.2	3.1	1.2
$100,000 and over	1,850	1,365	480	4.1	5.9	2.2
$100,000 to $149,999	1,505	1,095	405	3.3	4.7	1.8
$150,000 and over	345	275	75	0.8	1.2	0.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	46,320	23,805	22,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,075	505	570	2.3	2.1	2.5
With after-tax income	45,250	23,305	21,950	97.7	97.9	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,105	1,305	1,805	6.9	5.6	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	5,715	2,260	3,460	12.6	9.7	15.8
$20,000 to $29,999	9,470	4,380	5,095	20.9	18.8	23.2
$30,000 to $39,999	8,570	4,235	4,335	18.9	18.2	19.7
$40,000 to $49,999	7,405	4,150	3,255	16.4	17.8	14.8
$50,000 to $59,999	5,055	3,085	1,970	11.2	13.2	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	2,870	1,800	1,065	6.3	7.7	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	1,495	990	505	3.3	4.2	2.3
$80,000 to $89,999	685	465	225	1.5	2.0	1.0
$90,000 to $99,999	385	260	120	0.9	1.1	0.5
$100,000 and over	505	385	120	1.1	1.7	0.5
$100,000 to $124,999	325	250	75	0.7	1.1	0.3
$125,000 and over	175	135	40	0.4	0.6	0.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	46,320	23,805	22,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	12,900	5,745	7,155	27.8	24.1	31.8
With employment income	33,425	18,060	15,365	72.2	75.9	68.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,985	1,975	2,015	11.9	10.9	13.1
$5,000 to $9,999	2,600	1,045	1,550	7.8	5.8	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	4,435	1,855	2,585	13.3	10.3	16.8
$20,000 to $29,999	4,210	1,925	2,285	12.6	10.7	14.9
$30,000 to $39,999	4,140	2,120	2,020	12.4	11.7	13.1
$40,000 to $49,999	3,850	2,145	1,705	11.5	11.9	11.1
$50,000 to $59,999	3,120	1,945	1,175	9.3	10.8	7.6
$60,000 to $69,999	2,320	1,595	725	6.9	8.8	4.7
$70,000 to $79,999	1,640	1,180	460	4.9	6.5	3.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,165	805	360	3.5	4.5	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	710	530	180	2.1	2.9	1.2
$100,000 and over	1,255	945	310	3.8	5.2	2.0
$100,000 to $124,999	770	570	195	2.3	3.2	1.3
$125,000 and over	485	375	115	1.5	2.1	0.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	46,325	23,805	22,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	44,610	22,985	21,625	96.3	96.6	96.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	43,200	30,400	36,400	43,200	30,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	44,635	22,985	21,645	96.4	96.6	96.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	37,600	28,200	32,800	37,600	28,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	39,035	20,820	18,215	84.3	87.5	80.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	40,400	25,800	32,800	40,400	25,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,595	18,160	15,435	72.5	76.3	68.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	42,000	27,600	34,400	42,000	27,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	35,525	17,395	18,130	76.7	73.1	80.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,500	6,600	10,100	8,500	6,600	10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,995	4,680	3,315	17.3	19.7	14.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,000	4,840	5,160	5,000	4,840	5,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	46,325	23,805	22,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	44,625	22,980	21,650	96.3	96.5	96.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,560	47,880	34,840	41,560	47,880	34,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	44,650	22,980	21,670	96.4	96.5	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,240	39,480	30,760	35,240	39,480	30,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	39,060	20,810	18,250	84.3	87.4	81.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,240	45,400	30,040	38,240	45,400	30,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,580	18,085	15,495	72.5	76.0	68.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,160	45,760	31,480	39,160	45,760	31,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	35,475	17,415	18,050	76.6	73.2	80.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,190	8,910	11,420	10,190	8,910	11,420
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,010	4,735	3,280	17.3	19.9	14.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,430	5,525	7,740	6,430	5,525	7,740
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	46,325	23,805	22,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	15,160	8,535	6,625	32.7	35.9	29.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	46,800	53,600	39,600	46,800	53,600	39,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	51,650	58,000	43,480	51,650	58,000	43,480
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	13,840	7,120	6,715	29.9	29.9	29.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,000	33,600	20,400	26,000	33,600	20,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,280	39,400	24,740	32,280	39,400	24,740
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	80.6	85.8	72.6	80.6	85.8	72.6
Employment income (%)	71.0	75.2	64.6	71.0	75.2	64.6
Government transfers (%)	19.5	14.1	27.4	19.5	14.1	27.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.8	2.4	3.4	2.8	2.4	3.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	23,985	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	6,575	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	...	...	32,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	17,415	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	23,985	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	83,100	...	...	83,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,800	...	...	70,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,570	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,680	...	...	43,680	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,840	...	...	36,840	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	17,415	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,600	...	...	83,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	23,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	170	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	85	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	275	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	420	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,245	...	...	5.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	835	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	845	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,105	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,090	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,080	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,080	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,970	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,845	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,790	...	...	7.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,640	...	...	6.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,515	...	...	31.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,205	...	...	13.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,985	...	...	8.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,660	...	...	6.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	670	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	23,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	190	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	90	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	285	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	455	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,325	...	...	5.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,005	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,065	...	...	4.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,295	...	...	5.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,335	...	...	5.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,280	...	...	5.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,525	...	...	10.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,310	...	...	9.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,220	...	...	9.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,030	...	...	8.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,640	...	...	6.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,935	...	...	20.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,795	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,200	...	...	5.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	945	...	...	3.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	16,730	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,775	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...	56,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	8,680	5,190	3,490	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	40,000	30,200	35,200	40,000	30,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,600	34,800	28,000	31,600	34,800	28,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	16,745	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,500	...	...	97,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,100	...	...	83,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,675	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,200	...	...	85,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,200	...	...	72,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,840	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,800	...	...	120,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	102,300	...	...	102,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,670	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,900	...	...	60,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	8,630	5,200	3,430	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,760	45,800	35,640	41,760	45,800	35,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,440	38,120	31,400	35,440	38,120	31,400
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	58,050	29,815	28,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	13,415	6,885	6,530	23.1	23.1	23.1
0 to 5 years	5,025	2,540	2,480	8.7	8.5	8.8
18 to 64 years	35,785	18,360	17,425	61.6	61.6	61.7
65 years and over	8,855	4,570	4,285	15.3	15.3	15.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,500	3,205	3,295	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,335	685	650	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	475	245	225	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,145	1,575	1,570	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,020	940	1,075	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.2	10.7	11.7	11.2	10.7	11.7
0 to 17 years (%)	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
0 to 5 years (%)	9.4	9.6	9.2	9.4	9.6	9.2
18 to 64 years (%)	8.8	8.6	9.0	8.8	8.6	9.0
65 years and over (%)	22.8	20.6	25.1	22.8	20.6	25.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	58,050	29,810	28,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	13,410	6,885	6,525	23.1	23.1	23.1
0 to 5 years	5,020	2,545	2,475	8.6	8.5	8.8
18 to 64 years	35,785	18,360	17,425	61.6	61.6	61.7
65 years and over	8,855	4,565	4,290	15.3	15.3	15.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,255	670	580	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	170	80	85	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	60	30	30	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	965	545	420	...	...	...
65 years and over	115	50	70	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.2	2.3	2.1	2.2	2.3	2.1
0 to 17 years (%)	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.3
0 to 5 years (%)	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2
18 to 64 years (%)	2.7	3.0	2.4	2.7	3.0	2.4
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.0	1.7	1.3	1.0	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	58,050	29,815	28,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	37,315	18,910	18,405	64.3	63.4	65.2
In bottom decile	5,520	2,750	2,770	9.5	9.2	9.8
In second decile	7,535	3,700	3,835	13.0	12.4	13.6
In third decile	8,040	4,035	4,005	13.9	13.5	14.2
In fourth decile	8,420	4,370	4,055	14.5	14.7	14.4
In fifth decile	7,805	4,055	3,745	13.4	13.6	13.3
In top half of the distribution	20,740	10,900	9,835	35.7	36.6	34.8
In sixth decile	6,860	3,625	3,230	11.8	12.2	11.4
In seventh decile	5,675	2,965	2,705	9.8	9.9	9.6
In eighth decile	4,340	2,270	2,070	7.5	7.6	7.3
In ninth decile	2,715	1,425	1,285	4.7	4.8	4.6
In top decile	1,160	625	540	2.0	2.1	1.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	58,050	...	...	58,050	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.259	...	...	0.259	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.407	...	...	0.407	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.224	...	...	0.224	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	58,380	30,010	28,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	165	90	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
French only	40,265	20,120	20,150	69.0	67.0	71.0
English and French	17,855	9,730	8,120	30.6	32.4	28.6
Neither English nor French	95	75	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	58,380	30,010	28,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,125	560	565	1.9	1.9	2.0
French	56,825	29,210	27,620	97.3	97.3	97.4
English and French	330	170	165	0.6	0.6	0.6
Neither English nor French	90	65	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	58,380	30,010	28,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	57,535	29,570	27,965	98.6	98.5	98.6
Official languages	56,370	28,950	27,420	96.6	96.5	96.7
English	925	460	465	1.6	1.5	1.6
French	55,445	28,490	26,950	95.0	94.9	95.0
Non-official languages	1,170	615	550	2.0	2.0	1.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,160	615	545	2.0	2.0	1.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	140	85	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	140	80	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	140	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	90	45	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Haitian Creole	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	765	410	355	1.3	1.4	1.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	30	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
German	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	620	340	280	1.1	1.1	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	150	90	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	90	45	40	0.2	0.1	0.1
Romanian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	345	180	165	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	840	445	400	1.4	1.5	1.4
English and French	590	315	280	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	170	80	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	58,380	30,010	28,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	445	230	215	0.8	0.8	0.8
French	54,875	28,180	26,695	94.0	93.9	94.1
Non-official language	255	160	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	255	160	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
English and French	1,855	955	895	3.2	3.2	3.2
English and non-official language(s)	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	570	280	285	1.0	0.9	1.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	325	170	155	0.6	0.6	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	58,380	30,010	28,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	57,690	29,675	28,015	98.8	98.9	98.7
Official languages	57,240	29,410	27,830	98.0	98.0	98.1
English	710	350	360	1.2	1.2	1.3
French	56,535	29,060	27,475	96.8	96.8	96.8
Non-official languages	450	260	185	0.8	0.9	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	450	260	185	0.8	0.9	0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	280	165	115	0.5	0.5	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	225	135	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	15	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	160	100	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	685	330	355	1.2	1.1	1.3
English and French	455	210	245	0.8	0.7	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	175	90	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	58,380	30,005	28,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	56,190	28,875	27,315	96.2	96.2	96.3
English	1,270	690	585	2.2	2.3	2.1
French	335	155	175	0.6	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	335	160	170	0.6	0.5	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	330	160	170	0.6	0.5	0.6
English and French	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	150	80	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	58,050	29,815	28,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	57,985	29,780	28,205	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	18,000	9,745	8,260	31.0	32.7	29.3
French	57,765	29,680	28,085	99.5	99.5	99.5
Non-official languages	2,845	1,480	1,375	4.9	5.0	4.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,835	1,470	1,365	4.9	4.9	4.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	355	200	155	0.6	0.7	0.5
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	350	200	150	0.6	0.7	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	350	200	150	0.6	0.7	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	200	100	100	0.3	0.3	0.4
Haitian Creole	155	80	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,030	1,045	985	3.5	3.5	3.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	165	95	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	165	95	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	80	45	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,720	860	860	3.0	2.9	3.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	320	205	115	0.6	0.7	0.4
Portuguese	180	105	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
Romanian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,240	575	665	2.1	1.9	2.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lao	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	58,050	29,810	28,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,175	580	590	2.0	1.9	2.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,060	530	525	1.8	1.8	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	605	275	330	1.0	0.9	1.2
Métis	440	255	180	0.8	0.9	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	56,875	29,230	27,645	98.0	98.1	97.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	58,050	29,810	28,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	170	65	105	0.3	0.2	0.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	57,875	29,745	28,130	99.7	99.8	99.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	23,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	18,050	...	...	75.3	...	...
Renter	5,940	...	...	24.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	23,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	890	...	...	3.7	...	...
Not condominium	23,100	...	...	96.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	23,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	45	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	2,205	...	...	9.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,380	...	...	34.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,405	...	...	35.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,945	...	...	20.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	23,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,260	...	...	26.1	...	...
5 rooms	4,640	...	...	19.3	...	...
6 rooms	3,700	...	...	15.4	...	...
7 rooms	3,315	...	...	13.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,070	...	...	25.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	23,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	23,835	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	155	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	23,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	23,275	...	...	97.0	...	...
Not suitable	715	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	23,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,935	...	...	16.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	6,415	...	...	26.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,370	...	...	9.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,460	...	...	10.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,430	...	...	6.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,640	...	...	11.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,435	...	...	10.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,305	...	...	9.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	23,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	22,365	...	...	93.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,625	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	23,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	12,245	...	...	51.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	11,060	...	...	46.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	685	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	23,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	615	...	...	2.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,290	...	...	17.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,400	...	...	18.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,915	...	...	16.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,225	...	...	21.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,525	...	...	14.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,650	...	...	6.9	...	...
85 years and over	370	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	23,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	20,630	...	...	87.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,025	...	...	12.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,745	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	23,990	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,045	...	...	21.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,755	...	...	11.5	...	...
Not suitable only	630	...	...	2.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,335	...	...	5.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	235	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	18,945	...	...	79.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	23,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	895	...	...	3.8	...	...
Not in core need	22,480	...	...	96.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,825	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	72.9	...	...	72.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.6	...	...	10.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,060	...	...	1,060	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,071	...	...	1,071	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	278,000	...	...	278,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,890	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.5	...	...	19.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.4	...	...	9.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	830	...	...	830	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	828	...	...	828	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	58,050	29,815	28,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,150	560	590	2.0	1.9	2.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,130	545	580	1.9	1.8	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	975	470	500	1.7	1.6	1.8
Métis single ancestry	145	80	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,680	815	870	2.9	2.7	3.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,670	805	860	2.9	2.7	3.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,550	730	815	2.7	2.4	2.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	105	70	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	55,220	28,435	26,780	95.1	95.4	94.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	58,050	29,815	28,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	57,580	29,530	28,050	99.2	99.0	99.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	13,380	6,830	6,550	23.0	22.9	23.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	44,195	22,700	21,495	76.1	76.1	76.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	470	285	190	0.8	1.0	0.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	58,050	29,815	28,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	56,295	28,885	27,405	97.0	96.9	97.1
Immigrants⁸¹	1,705	885	820	2.9	3.0	2.9
Before 1980	390	235	160	0.7	0.8	0.6
1980 to 1990	235	125	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
1991 to 2000	280	145	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
2001 to 2010	350	145	205	0.6	0.5	0.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	445	230	210	0.8	0.8	0.7
2011 to 2015	300	130	170	0.5	0.4	0.6
2016 to 2021	145	105	40	0.2	0.4	0.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,700	880	815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	265	145	120	15.6	16.5	14.7
5 to 14 years	355	155	200	20.9	17.6	24.5
15 to 24 years	315	140	170	18.5	15.9	20.9
25 to 44 years	690	400	285	40.6	45.5	35.0
45 years and over	85	35	45	5.0	4.0	5.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,700	880	815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	410	185	230	24.1	21.0	28.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	40	20	20	2.4	2.3	2.5
El Salvador	30	10	25	1.8	1.1	3.1
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	110	55	60	6.5	6.3	7.4
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	40	0	30	2.4	0.0	3.7
Peru	30	15	20	1.8	1.7	2.5
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	60	30	25	3.5	3.4	3.1
Other places of birth in Americas	100	45	55	5.9	5.1	6.7
Europe	735	395	335	43.2	44.9	41.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	340	200	140	20.0	22.7	17.2
Germany	20	15	0	1.2	1.7	0.0
Greece	15	10	0	0.9	1.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	95	55	40	5.6	6.3	4.9
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.2
Portugal	95	45	45	5.6	5.1	5.5
Romania	35	10	20	2.1	1.1	2.5
Russian Federation	10	10	0	0.6	1.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	0	10	1.2	0.0	1.2
Other places of birth in Europe	80	20	55	4.7	2.3	6.7
Africa	350	195	155	20.6	22.2	19.0
Algeria	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.6	1.1	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	140	80	65	8.2	9.1	8.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	180	95	85	10.6	10.8	10.4
Asia	210	110	95	12.4	12.5	11.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	40	30	0	2.4	3.4	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	15	10	0	0.9	1.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	0	25	1.5	0.0	3.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	15	0.9	0.0	1.8
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	85	50	35	5.0	5.7	4.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	145	100	45	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	45	30	15	31.0	30.0	33.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	15	10	10	10.3	10.0	22.2
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	15	10	0	10.3	10.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	10	10.3	10.0	22.2
Europe	25	25	0	17.2	25.0	0.0
France	25	20	0	17.2	20.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	60	40	20	41.4	40.0	44.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	35	25	15	24.1	25.0	33.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	10	10	0	6.9	10.0	0.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	58,050	29,810	28,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,855	985	870	3.2	3.3	3.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,185	1,165	1,020	3.8	3.9	3.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	54,015	27,665	26,350	93.0	92.8	93.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,310	650	660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	740	390	350	56.5	60.0	53.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	275	205	65	21.0	31.5	9.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	465	185	285	35.5	28.5	43.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	430	180	250	32.8	27.7	37.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	120	65	55	9.2	10.0	8.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	20	10	1.9	3.1	1.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,310	650	660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	115	65	50	8.8	10.0	7.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	105	65	40	8.0	10.0	6.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	30	15	15	2.3	2.3	2.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	0	20	1.5	0.0	3.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,030	500	535	78.6	76.9	81.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	58,050	29,810	28,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,555	815	735	2.7	2.7	2.6
South Asian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black	735	425	315	1.3	1.4	1.1
Filipino	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	250	130	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latin American	270	120	155	0.5	0.4	0.5
Southeast Asian	70	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
West Asian	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	56,495	28,995	27,500	97.3	97.3	97.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	58,050	29,815	28,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	23,060	11,605	11,460	39.7	38.9	40.6
English	565	310	255	1.0	1.0	0.9
Irish	2,385	1,170	1,220	4.1	3.9	4.3
Scottish	670	325	340	1.2	1.1	1.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	10,965	5,640	5,325	18.9	18.9	18.9
German	660	340	320	1.1	1.1	1.1
Chinese	80	20	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italian	1,620	875	750	2.8	2.9	2.7
Indian (India)	95	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ukrainian	175	85	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	110	40	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Polish	270	140	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
Québécois	11,705	6,025	5,680	20.2	20.2	20.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Filipino	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	3,880	2,015	1,860	6.7	6.8	6.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,095	1,160	935	3.6	3.9	3.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,470	720	750	2.5	2.4	2.7
Métis	275	165	110	0.5	0.6	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	400	230	170	0.7	0.8	0.6
Russian	110	70	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Norwegian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	390	195	195	0.7	0.7	0.7
American	250	120	130	0.4	0.4	0.5
Spanish	345	170	170	0.6	0.6	0.6
Swedish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	95	35	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Acadian	1,505	745	760	2.6	2.5	2.7
Pakistani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	140	75	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jewish	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	110	40	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Greek	175	85	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	35	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	85	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	645	330	315	1.1	1.1	1.1
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	245	115	130	0.4	0.4	0.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Belgian	280	140	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian	495	255	240	0.9	0.9	0.9
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	85	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	105	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Japanese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	195	95	100	0.3	0.3	0.4
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	155	75	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	160	80	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Brunswicker	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tunisian	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	135	75	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	30	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	35	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	120	45	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	185	85	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Norman	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Atikamekw	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	58,050	29,810	28,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	75	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Christian	38,080	19,435	18,645	65.6	65.2	66.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,545	1,335	1,210	4.4	4.5	4.3
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baptist	170	90	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catholic	34,530	17,615	16,915	59.5	59.1	59.9
Christian Orthodox	165	95	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	265	115	155	0.5	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	305	130	170	0.5	0.4	0.6
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	380	185	195	0.7	0.6	0.7
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	19,400	10,080	9,315	33.4	33.8	33.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	57,265	29,470	27,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	49,965	25,805	24,160	87.3	87.6	86.9
Movers	7,295	3,660	3,640	12.7	12.4	13.1
Non-migrants	2,440	1,200	1,240	4.3	4.1	4.5
Migrants	4,855	2,460	2,395	8.5	8.3	8.6
Internal migrants	4,800	2,435	2,365	8.4	8.3	8.5
Intraprovincial migrants	4,760	2,400	2,355	8.3	8.1	8.5
Interprovincial migrants	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	53,855	27,750	26,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	31,420	16,485	14,945	58.3	59.4	57.2
Movers	22,435	11,270	11,165	41.7	40.6	42.8
Non-migrants	5,310	2,650	2,665	9.9	9.5	10.2
Migrants	17,125	8,620	8,500	31.8	31.1	32.6
Internal migrants	16,945	8,520	8,425	31.5	30.7	32.3
Intraprovincial migrants	16,780	8,415	8,365	31.2	30.3	32.0
Interprovincial migrants	165	105	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
External migrants	180	100	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,325	23,805	22,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,600	8,735	5,870	31.5	36.7	26.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	31,720	15,070	16,650	68.5	63.3	74.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	32,160	16,590	15,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,685	5,540	3,150	27.0	33.4	20.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	23,475	11,050	12,425	73.0	66.6	79.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,325	23,805	22,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,055	6,945	5,110	26.0	29.2	22.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,935	5,250	5,685	23.6	22.1	25.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,335	11,610	11,725	50.4	48.8	52.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,035	10,420	9,620	43.2	43.8	42.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,305	7,590	4,715	26.6	31.9	20.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,285	4,285	3,990	17.9	18.0	17.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,020	3,300	720	8.7	13.9	3.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,625	2,415	4,205	14.3	10.1	18.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,110	415	700	2.4	1.7	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,295	1,190	2,105	7.1	5.0	9.3
Bachelor's degree	2,500	845	1,660	5.4	3.5	7.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	275	125	150	0.6	0.5	0.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	70	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Master's degree	405	170	230	0.9	0.7	1.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	32,165	16,585	15,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,625	4,135	2,490	20.6	24.9	16.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,740	3,365	3,380	21.0	20.3	21.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,795	9,085	9,710	58.4	54.8	62.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,245	8,265	7,980	50.5	49.8	51.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,335	6,155	4,180	32.1	37.1	26.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,995	3,415	3,580	21.7	20.6	23.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,345	2,740	600	10.4	16.5	3.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,110	1,815	3,290	15.9	10.9	21.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	795	290	510	2.5	1.7	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,550	820	1,730	7.9	4.9	11.1
Bachelor's degree	1,945	605	1,335	6.0	3.6	8.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	205	70	140	0.6	0.4	0.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	55	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
Master's degree	315	120	195	1.0	0.7	1.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	46,320	23,810	22,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,990	12,200	10,795	49.6	51.2	47.9
Education	1,340	300	1,035	2.9	1.3	4.6
13. Education	1,340	300	1,035	2.9	1.3	4.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	705	355	345	1.5	1.5	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	140	95	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	565	260	300	1.2	1.1	1.3
Humanities	765	315	450	1.7	1.3	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	510	205	305	1.1	0.9	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	80	35	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,510	270	1,235	3.3	1.1	5.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	150	40	105	0.3	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	655	20	635	1.4	0.1	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	285	75	210	0.6	0.3	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	215	60	155	0.5	0.3	0.7
45. Social sciences	185	70	115	0.4	0.3	0.5
Business, management and public administration	4,155	875	3,275	9.0	3.7	14.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	260	30	230	0.6	0.1	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,890	845	3,045	8.4	3.5	13.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	360	180	180	0.8	0.8	0.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	125	45	80	0.3	0.2	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	70	25	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
40. Physical sciences	70	55	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	515	340	170	1.1	1.4	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	450	315	135	1.0	1.3	0.6
25. Library science	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,200	6,580	625	15.5	27.6	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	80	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	250	205	45	0.5	0.9	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	975	790	180	2.1	3.3	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,430	2,295	135	5.2	9.6	0.6
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,095	1,975	115	4.5	8.3	0.5
48. Precision production	1,380	1,265	115	3.0	5.3	0.5
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	825	485	345	1.8	2.0	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	685	370	315	1.5	1.6	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	145	110	35	0.3	0.5	0.2
Health and related fields	3,010	325	2,680	6.5	1.4	11.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	90	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,895	275	2,620	6.3	1.2	11.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,960	1,590	1,365	6.4	6.7	6.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,370	300	1,070	3.0	1.3	4.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	515	360	155	1.1	1.5	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,070	925	145	2.3	3.9	0.6
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	32,160	16,590	15,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,365	7,500	5,870	41.6	45.2	37.7
Education	950	195	760	3.0	1.2	4.9
13. Education	950	195	760	3.0	1.2	4.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	565	275	290	1.8	1.7	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	125	80	40	0.4	0.5	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	440	195	250	1.4	1.2	1.6
Humanities	440	180	260	1.4	1.1	1.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	305	130	180	0.9	0.8	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
54. History	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	20	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,230	180	1,050	3.8	1.1	6.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	115	30	80	0.4	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	585	10	575	1.8	0.1	3.7
22. Legal professions and studies	220	45	170	0.7	0.3	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	155	40	115	0.5	0.2	0.7
45. Social sciences	160	55	105	0.5	0.3	0.7
Business, management and public administration	3,440	630	2,810	10.7	3.8	18.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	195	10	185	0.6	0.1	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,240	620	2,620	10.1	3.7	16.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	220	120	100	0.7	0.7	0.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	100	40	60	0.3	0.2	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	50	45	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	415	280	130	1.3	1.7	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	370	270	105	1.2	1.6	0.7
25. Library science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,880	5,315	565	18.3	32.0	3.6
04. Architecture and related services	70	50	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	200	155	45	0.6	0.9	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	820	655	165	2.5	3.9	1.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,990	1,860	130	6.2	11.2	0.8
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,675	1,580	95	5.2	9.5	0.6
48. Precision production	1,125	1,020	110	3.5	6.1	0.7
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	640	355	285	2.0	2.1	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	520	270	255	1.6	1.6	1.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	120	85	30	0.4	0.5	0.2
Health and related fields	2,485	240	2,245	7.7	1.4	14.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	60	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,400	210	2,185	7.5	1.3	14.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,530	1,320	1,210	7.9	8.0	7.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,175	230	950	3.7	1.4	6.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	435	305	130	1.4	1.8	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	915	785	130	2.8	4.7	0.8
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	32,160	16,590	15,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,365	7,500	5,870	41.6	45.2	37.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	18,795	9,085	9,710	58.4	54.8	62.3
Location of study inside Canada	18,415	8,880	9,540	57.3	53.5	61.3
Same as province or territory of residence	18,305	8,795	9,510	56.9	53.0	61.1
Different than province or territory of residence	115	85	25	0.4	0.5	0.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	380	210	175	1.2	1.3	1.1
Americas	85	40	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
United States of America	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuba	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haiti	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	140	100	40	0.4	0.6	0.3
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	100	85	15	0.3	0.5	0.1
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	105	40	60	0.3	0.2	0.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	55	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	46,325	23,805	22,520	...	...	...
In the labour force	30,505	16,380	14,125	...	...	...
Employed	28,520	15,360	13,155	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,985	1,020	965	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	15,820	7,425	8,395	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.8	68.8	62.7	65.8	68.8	62.7
Employment rate	61.6	64.5	58.4	61.6	64.5	58.4
Unemployment rate	6.5	6.2	6.8	6.5	6.2	6.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	46,320	23,810	22,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	15,470	7,160	8,315	33.4	30.1	36.9
Worked	30,850	16,645	14,200	66.6	69.9	63.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	15,650	8,815	6,835	33.8	37.0	30.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	15,195	7,830	7,365	32.8	32.9	32.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	41.7	40.6	41.2	41.7	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	30,505	16,385	14,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	475	225	245	1.6	1.4	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	30,035	16,155	13,875	98.5	98.6	98.2
Employee	25,915	13,635	12,285	85.0	83.2	87.0
Permanent position	22,705	12,090	10,610	74.4	73.8	75.1
Temporary position	3,210	1,540	1,675	10.5	9.4	11.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	815	320	495	2.7	2.0	3.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,400	1,220	1,175	7.9	7.4	8.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,115	2,525	1,595	13.5	15.4	11.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	30,505	16,385	14,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	475	225	245	1.6	1.4	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	30,035	16,155	13,875	98.5	98.6	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	470	355	115	1.5	2.2	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,990	995	3,000	13.1	6.1	21.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,020	720	300	3.3	4.4	2.1
3 Health occupations	2,140	230	1,910	7.0	1.4	13.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,015	585	2,425	9.9	3.6	17.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	575	325	250	1.9	2.0	1.8
6 Sales and service occupations	6,985	2,720	4,260	22.9	16.6	30.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,950	8,145	800	29.3	49.7	5.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	985	730	260	3.2	4.5	1.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,900	1,345	555	6.2	8.2	3.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	30,505	16,385	14,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	475	225	245	1.6	1.4	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	30,035	16,155	13,875	98.5	98.6	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,035	650	380	3.4	4.0	2.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	100	75	20	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	155	115	40	0.5	0.7	0.3
23 Construction	4,835	4,175	670	15.8	25.5	4.7
31-33 Manufacturing	3,590	2,600	995	11.8	15.9	7.0
41 Wholesale trade	1,005	710	290	3.3	4.3	2.1
44-45 Retail trade	3,925	1,800	2,120	12.9	11.0	15.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,675	1,280	395	5.5	7.8	2.8
51 Information and cultural industries	230	85	150	0.8	0.5	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	585	165	420	1.9	1.0	3.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	375	180	195	1.2	1.1	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,095	515	575	3.6	3.1	4.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,265	865	405	4.1	5.3	2.9
61 Educational services	1,600	365	1,235	5.2	2.2	8.7
62 Health care and social assistance	4,000	440	3,560	13.1	2.7	25.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	320	180	140	1.0	1.1	1.0
72 Accommodation and food services	1,560	565	995	5.1	3.4	7.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,585	815	765	5.2	5.0	5.4
91 Public administration	1,085	570	520	3.6	3.5	3.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	32,785	17,620	15,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	245	145	95	0.7	0.8	0.6
French	28,340	15,095	13,245	86.4	85.7	87.4
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	3,995	2,270	1,725	12.2	12.9	11.4
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	85	55	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	105	35	65	0.3	0.2	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	32,785	17,620	15,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	32,215	17,280	14,930	98.3	98.1	98.5
Official languages	32,185	17,270	14,915	98.2	98.0	98.4
English	675	405	270	2.1	2.3	1.8
French	31,515	16,860	14,655	96.1	95.7	96.7
Non-official languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	570	335	235	1.7	1.9	1.6
English and French	515	305	210	1.6	1.7	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	32,785	17,620	15,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	29,135	15,575	13,560	88.9	88.4	89.4
English	3,085	1,720	1,365	9.4	9.8	9.0
French	425	265	160	1.3	1.5	1.1
Non-official language	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	28,515	15,360	13,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,400	1,510	1,890	11.9	9.8	14.4
Worked outside Canada	85	65	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
No fixed workplace address	5,545	4,385	1,165	19.4	28.5	8.9
Usual place of work	19,490	9,405	10,085	68.3	61.2	76.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	19,490	9,405	10,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,370	1,895	2,470	22.4	20.1	24.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,210	995	1,215	11.3	10.6	12.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	12,885	6,490	6,395	66.1	69.0	63.4
Commute to a different province or territory	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	25,040	13,785	11,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	23,705	13,165	10,540	94.7	95.5	93.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	22,655	12,640	10,010	90.5	91.7	88.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,055	530	525	4.2	3.8	4.7
Public transit	180	60	115	0.7	0.4	1.0
Walked	640	300	340	2.6	2.2	3.0
Bicycle	100	70	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Other method	415	185	225	1.7	1.3	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	25,040	13,785	11,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	4,970	2,315	2,655	19.8	16.8	23.6
15 to 29 minutes	5,825	2,660	3,170	23.3	19.3	28.2
30 to 44 minutes	6,760	3,665	3,090	27.0	26.6	27.5
45 to 59 minutes	4,005	2,640	1,360	16.0	19.2	12.1
60 minutes and over	3,480	2,505	975	13.9	18.2	8.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	25,040	13,785	11,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,840	3,070	770	15.3	22.3	6.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,055	3,170	1,885	20.2	23.0	16.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,150	2,615	3,535	24.6	19.0	31.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,310	1,155	2,155	13.2	8.4	19.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,675	530	1,145	6.7	3.8	10.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,010	3,245	1,765	20.0	23.5	15.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	13,575	6,970	6,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,315	670	645	9.7	9.6	9.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,255	6,300	5,955	90.3	90.4	90.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	9,100	4,720	4,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	915	465	440	10.1	9.9	10.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	560	270	290	6.2	5.7	6.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	350	195	155	3.8	4.1	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,195	4,250	3,940	90.1	90.0	90.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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