Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	MontcalmMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	118,746	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	107,981	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.0	...	...	10.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	49,542	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	47,553	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	136.0	...	...	136.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	873.04	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	118,745	59,690	59,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23,700	12,140	11,555	20.0	20.3	19.6
0 to 4 years	7,610	3,860	3,750	6.4	6.5	6.4
5 to 9 years	8,065	4,180	3,885	6.8	7.0	6.6
10 to 14 years	8,025	4,100	3,925	6.8	6.9	6.6
15 to 64 years	76,190	38,455	37,735	64.2	64.4	63.9
15 to 19 years	6,095	3,205	2,890	5.1	5.4	4.9
20 to 24 years	5,485	2,725	2,765	4.6	4.6	4.7
25 to 29 years	7,675	3,815	3,855	6.5	6.4	6.5
30 to 34 years	8,595	4,270	4,320	7.2	7.2	7.3
35 to 39 years	8,105	4,015	4,095	6.8	6.7	6.9
40 to 44 years	8,500	4,230	4,265	7.2	7.1	7.2
45 to 49 years	7,365	3,765	3,600	6.2	6.3	6.1
50 to 54 years	7,410	3,805	3,605	6.2	6.4	6.1
55 to 59 years	8,800	4,450	4,350	7.4	7.5	7.4
60 to 64 years	8,160	4,165	4,000	6.9	7.0	6.8
65 years and over	18,860	9,100	9,760	15.9	15.2	16.5
65 to 69 years	6,505	3,275	3,230	5.5	5.5	5.5
70 to 74 years	5,140	2,525	2,615	4.3	4.2	4.4
75 to 79 years	3,425	1,725	1,705	2.9	2.9	2.9
80 to 84 years	1,935	1,000	935	1.6	1.7	1.6
85 years and over	1,855	575	1,280	1.6	1.0	2.2
85 to 89 years	1,020	395	620	0.9	0.7	1.0
90 to 94 years	740	160	585	0.6	0.3	1.0
95 to 99 years	80	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.0	20.3	19.6	20.0	20.3	19.6
15 to 64 years	64.2	64.4	63.9	64.2	64.4	63.9
65 years and over	15.9	15.2	16.5	15.9	15.2	16.5
85 years and over	1.6	1.0	2.2	1.6	1.0	2.2
Average age of the population	39.7	39.3	40.2	39.7	39.3	40.2
Median age of the population	40.0	39.6	40.0	40.0	39.6	40.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	47,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	32,895	...	...	69.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,170	...	...	4.6	...	...
Row house	955	...	...	2.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,290	...	...	4.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,775	...	...	18.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	165	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	300	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	47,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	12,590	...	...	26.5	...	...
2 persons	16,725	...	...	35.2	...	...
3 persons	7,755	...	...	16.3	...	...
4 persons	6,705	...	...	14.1	...	...
5 or more persons	3,780	...	...	7.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	116,920	59,005	57,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	95,050	47,550	47,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	57,370	28,560	28,810	60.4	60.1	60.7
Married	26,735	13,325	13,415	28.1	28.0	28.2
Living common-law	30,630	15,235	15,400	32.2	32.0	32.4
Living common law - Never married	25,690	12,795	12,895	27.0	26.9	27.1
Living common law - Separated	330	155	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	4,120	2,070	2,045	4.3	4.4	4.3
Living common law - Widowed	495	215	275	0.5	0.5	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	37,675	18,990	18,690	39.6	39.9	39.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,775	14,785	11,995	28.2	31.1	25.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,240	590	645	1.3	1.2	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,545	2,450	3,100	5.8	5.2	6.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,120	1,170	2,950	4.3	2.5	6.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	34,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,345	...	...	50.8	...	...
3 persons	7,480	...	...	21.9	...	...
4 persons	6,390	...	...	18.7	...	...
5 or more persons	2,925	...	...	8.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	34,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,250	...	...	82.8	...	...
Married couples	12,935	...	...	37.9	...	...
With children⁶	5,575	...	...	16.3	...	...
Without children	7,355	...	...	21.5	...	...
Common-law couples	15,315	...	...	44.9	...	...
With children⁶	8,695	...	...	25.5	...	...
Without children	6,625	...	...	19.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,890	...	...	17.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,150	...	...	12.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,735	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	116,920	59,005	57,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	98,430	49,010	49,415	84.2	83.1	85.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	56,500	28,150	28,345	48.3	47.7	48.9
Parents in one-parent families	5,885	1,740	4,150	5.0	2.9	7.2
Children⁶	36,040	19,125	16,920	30.8	32.4	29.2
In a two-parent family	26,765	14,100	12,665	22.9	23.9	21.9
In a one-parent family	9,280	5,020	4,255	7.9	8.5	7.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,495	9,995	8,495	15.8	16.9	14.7
Living alone	12,590	6,815	5,775	10.8	11.5	10.0
Living with other relatives⁷	2,535	1,160	1,380	2.2	2.0	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	3,370	2,020	1,345	2.9	3.4	2.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	47,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	30,720	...	...	64.6	...	...
Couple-family households	25,935	...	...	54.5	...	...
With children⁶	13,175	...	...	27.7	...	...
Without children	12,760	...	...	26.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,780	...	...	10.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,110	...	...	2.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	235	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,420	...	...	3.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,475	...	...	3.1	...	...
One-person households	12,590	...	...	26.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	93,245	46,875	46,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90,880	45,765	45,115	97.5	97.6	97.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	48,000	37,200	42,400	48,000	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90,945	45,790	45,155	97.5	97.7	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	41,600	33,600	37,600	41,600	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,660	42,180	39,480	87.6	90.0	85.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	42,000	27,400	34,800	42,000	27,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,280	36,395	32,890	74.3	77.6	70.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	44,400	30,600	37,200	44,400	30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,890	36,970	39,920	82.5	78.9	86.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,100	9,600	12,400	11,100	9,600	12,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,860	8,245	6,615	15.9	17.6	14.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720	5,600	5,880	5,720	5,600	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,845	15,915	13,925	32.0	34.0	30.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	8,000	6,500	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	93,245	46,875	46,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,920	45,750	45,170	97.5	97.6	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,640	54,550	42,680	48,640	54,550	42,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,985	45,785	45,200	97.6	97.7	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,640	44,400	36,840	40,640	44,400	36,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,725	42,170	39,550	87.6	90.0	85.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,120	49,000	34,760	42,120	49,000	34,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,280	36,345	32,940	74.3	77.5	71.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,480	49,240	37,080	43,480	49,240	37,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,895	36,980	39,915	82.5	78.9	86.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,760	11,600	13,820	12,760	11,600	13,820
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,865	8,290	6,580	15.9	17.7	14.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,990	6,355	7,780	6,990	6,355	7,780
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,945	16,160	13,785	32.1	34.5	29.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,710	7,220	8,270	7,710	7,220	8,270
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	93,245	46,875	46,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,505	18,150	15,360	35.9	38.7	33.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600	61,600	48,400	55,600	61,600	48,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,300	67,600	53,900	61,300	67,600	53,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,755	14,445	14,310	30.8	30.8	30.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,000	28,000	18,400	22,000	28,000	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,760	35,040	24,440	29,760	35,040	24,440
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.8	82.8	71.4	77.8	82.8	71.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.0	71.8	63.4	68.0	71.8	63.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.2	17.2	28.7	22.2	17.2	28.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.4	2.1	2.7	2.4	2.1	2.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.0	5.2	7.1	6.0	5.2	7.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.2	4.7	5.9	5.2	4.7	5.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	93,240	46,875	46,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,360	1,115	1,250	2.5	2.4	2.7
With total income	90,880	45,765	45,120	97.5	97.6	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,600	2,405	3,190	6.2	5.3	7.1
$10,000 to $19,999	9,960	3,785	6,175	11.0	8.3	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	14,480	6,335	8,150	15.9	13.8	18.1
$30,000 to $39,999	12,370	5,480	6,885	13.6	12.0	15.3
$40,000 to $49,999	12,275	6,030	6,245	13.5	13.2	13.8
$50,000 to $59,999	10,175	5,265	4,915	11.2	11.5	10.9
$60,000 to $69,999	7,515	4,405	3,110	8.3	9.6	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	5,735	3,600	2,135	6.3	7.9	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	4,160	2,560	1,600	4.6	5.6	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,785	1,805	980	3.1	3.9	2.2
$100,000 and over	5,830	4,095	1,735	6.4	8.9	3.8
$100,000 to $149,999	4,615	3,195	1,425	5.1	7.0	3.2
$150,000 and over	1,215	905	310	1.3	2.0	0.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	93,240	46,875	46,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,295	1,085	1,215	2.5	2.3	2.6
With after-tax income	90,945	45,795	45,155	97.5	97.7	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,005	2,550	3,460	6.6	5.6	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	10,505	4,040	6,465	11.6	8.8	14.3
$20,000 to $29,999	17,185	7,590	9,600	18.9	16.6	21.3
$30,000 to $39,999	15,875	7,615	8,260	17.5	16.6	18.3
$40,000 to $49,999	14,620	7,725	6,895	16.1	16.9	15.3
$50,000 to $59,999	10,530	6,185	4,350	11.6	13.5	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	6,985	4,145	2,845	7.7	9.1	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,085	2,460	1,625	4.5	5.4	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,195	1,420	775	2.4	3.1	1.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,205	815	390	1.3	1.8	0.9
$100,000 and over	1,745	1,260	480	1.9	2.8	1.1
$100,000 to $124,999	1,095	790	300	1.2	1.7	0.7
$125,000 and over	655	470	185	0.7	1.0	0.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	93,240	46,875	46,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	23,960	10,485	13,475	25.7	22.4	29.1
With employment income	69,285	36,390	32,890	74.3	77.6	70.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,740	3,845	3,895	11.2	10.6	11.8
$5,000 to $9,999	5,005	2,030	2,970	7.2	5.6	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	8,480	3,540	4,940	12.2	9.7	15.0
$20,000 to $29,999	7,760	3,390	4,375	11.2	9.3	13.3
$30,000 to $39,999	7,615	3,650	3,970	11.0	10.0	12.1
$40,000 to $49,999	7,535	3,830	3,700	10.9	10.5	11.2
$50,000 to $59,999	6,400	3,635	2,760	9.2	10.0	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	5,090	3,275	1,815	7.3	9.0	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	4,055	2,690	1,365	5.9	7.4	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,270	2,045	1,225	4.7	5.6	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,980	1,330	650	2.9	3.7	2.0
$100,000 and over	4,345	3,125	1,220	6.3	8.6	3.7
$100,000 to $124,999	2,520	1,755	765	3.6	4.8	2.3
$125,000 and over	1,825	1,370	455	2.6	3.8	1.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	93,245	46,875	46,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,450	45,000	44,450	95.9	96.0	95.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	46,800	34,000	40,000	46,800	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,510	45,005	44,505	96.0	96.0	96.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	40,400	30,800	35,600	40,400	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,435	41,650	38,785	86.3	88.9	83.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	44,000	28,800	36,000	44,000	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,345	36,400	32,945	74.4	77.7	71.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	46,000	31,200	38,400	46,000	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,740	31,955	36,785	73.7	68.2	79.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,900	5,760	9,300	7,900	5,760	9,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	14,045	7,925	6,115	15.1	16.9	13.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,760	4,440	5,120	4,760	4,440	5,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	93,245	46,875	46,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,485	44,945	44,540	96.0	95.9	96.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,080	52,900	39,200	46,080	52,900	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,535	44,945	44,590	96.0	95.9	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,360	42,880	33,840	38,360	42,880	33,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,240	41,490	38,750	86.1	88.5	83.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,000	50,680	34,800	43,000	50,680	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,345	36,290	33,055	74.4	77.4	71.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,880	50,560	36,520	43,880	50,560	36,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,770	31,960	36,810	73.8	68.2	79.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,800	8,640	10,810	9,800	8,640	10,810
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,200	8,130	6,075	15.2	17.3	13.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,540	5,400	8,070	6,540	5,400	8,070
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	93,245	46,875	46,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,310	18,035	15,275	35.7	38.5	32.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,400	60,400	44,800	52,400	60,400	44,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,250	65,300	49,880	58,250	65,300	49,880
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,290	13,740	13,550	29.3	29.3	29.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,200	34,800	21,600	27,200	34,800	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,320	41,160	27,320	34,320	41,160	27,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.6	88.4	77.2	83.6	88.4	77.2
Employment income (%)	73.8	77.2	69.0	73.8	77.2	69.0
Government transfers (%)	16.3	11.6	22.8	16.3	11.6	22.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.3	1.9	2.8	2.3	1.9	2.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	47,555	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	12,590	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	34,960	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	47,555	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,800	...	...	77,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,610	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,680	...	...	48,680	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,480	...	...	40,480	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	34,945	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,200	...	...	91,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	47,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	260	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	135	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	415	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	640	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,035	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,415	...	...	3.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,405	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,915	...	...	4.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,940	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,970	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,835	...	...	8.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,630	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,565	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,390	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,145	...	...	6.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,855	...	...	37.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,585	...	...	13.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,460	...	...	9.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,490	...	...	9.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,325	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	47,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	315	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	145	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	420	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	705	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,185	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,705	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,800	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,380	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,395	...	...	5.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,360	...	...	5.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,680	...	...	9.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,510	...	...	9.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,200	...	...	8.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,940	...	...	8.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,360	...	...	7.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,455	...	...	26.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,190	...	...	13.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,270	...	...	6.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,000	...	...	6.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	33,875	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,945	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,400	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,585	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	15,960	8,840	7,120	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	43,600	34,800	39,600	43,600	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	38,000	31,800	34,800	38,000	31,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	33,855	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,600	...	...	108,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,900	...	...	90,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,920	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,700	...	...	90,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,300	...	...	76,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,460	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,600	...	...	137,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,500	...	...	113,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,520	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,700	...	...	74,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,200	...	...	65,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	15,920	8,815	7,110	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,800	50,720	41,920	46,800	50,720	41,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,120	41,520	36,160	39,120	41,520	36,160
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	116,920	59,005	57,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	27,515	14,170	13,345	23.5	24.0	23.0
0 to 5 years	9,205	4,715	4,495	7.9	8.0	7.8
18 to 64 years	72,015	36,190	35,825	61.6	61.3	61.9
65 years and over	17,390	8,645	8,740	14.9	14.7	15.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,230	4,830	5,400	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,100	1,085	1,015	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	690	360	330	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,850	2,340	2,515	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,280	1,405	1,870	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.8	8.2	9.3	8.8	8.2	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	7.6	7.7	7.6	7.6	7.7	7.6
0 to 5 years (%)	7.5	7.6	7.3	7.5	7.6	7.3
18 to 64 years (%)	6.7	6.5	7.0	6.7	6.5	7.0
65 years and over (%)	18.9	16.3	21.4	18.9	16.3	21.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	116,920	59,005	57,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	27,515	14,170	13,350	23.5	24.0	23.1
0 to 5 years	9,210	4,715	4,495	7.9	8.0	7.8
18 to 64 years	72,020	36,185	35,830	61.6	61.3	61.9
65 years and over	17,385	8,650	8,740	14.9	14.7	15.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,695	1,365	1,335	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	450	230	220	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	140	70	70	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,860	995	865	...	...	...
65 years and over	385	140	250	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3
0 to 17 years (%)	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
0 to 5 years (%)	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	2.6	2.8	2.4	2.6	2.8	2.4
65 years and over (%)	2.2	1.6	2.8	2.2	1.6	2.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	116,920	59,005	57,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	65,490	32,465	33,025	56.0	55.0	57.0
In bottom decile	8,560	4,115	4,445	7.3	7.0	7.7
In second decile	12,365	5,945	6,420	10.6	10.1	11.1
In third decile	14,055	6,925	7,130	12.0	11.7	12.3
In fourth decile	15,400	7,780	7,615	13.2	13.2	13.1
In fifth decile	15,110	7,700	7,415	12.9	13.0	12.8
In top half of the distribution	51,430	26,540	24,890	44.0	45.0	43.0
In sixth decile	14,430	7,495	6,935	12.3	12.7	12.0
In seventh decile	13,360	6,840	6,515	11.4	11.6	11.2
In eighth decile	11,150	5,730	5,420	9.5	9.7	9.4
In ninth decile	8,320	4,300	4,020	7.1	7.3	6.9
In top decile	4,175	2,180	2,000	3.6	3.7	3.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	116,920	...	...	116,920	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.266	...	...	0.266	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.394	...	...	0.394	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.229	...	...	0.229	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	117,890	59,440	58,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	470	250	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
French only	73,585	35,820	37,770	62.4	60.3	64.6
English and French	43,640	23,255	20,385	37.0	39.1	34.9
Neither English nor French	200	120	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	117,890	59,440	58,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,925	1,490	1,435	2.5	2.5	2.5
French	113,670	57,270	56,400	96.4	96.3	96.5
English and French	1,105	575	535	0.9	1.0	0.9
Neither English nor French	195	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	117,890	59,440	58,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	115,785	58,370	57,410	98.2	98.2	98.2
Official languages	111,560	56,230	55,335	94.6	94.6	94.7
English	2,170	1,090	1,080	1.8	1.8	1.8
French	109,395	55,135	54,255	92.8	92.8	92.8
Non-official languages	4,225	2,140	2,080	3.6	3.6	3.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,210	2,140	2,075	3.6	3.6	3.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	615	325	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Berber languages	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	485	255	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	480	255	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	475	230	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian Creole	375	175	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,670	1,375	1,290	2.3	2.3	2.2
Albanian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	205	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	205	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,280	1,185	1,095	1.9	2.0	1.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	530	300	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
Portuguese	310	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	1,225	625	600	1.0	1.1	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,110	1,070	1,040	1.8	1.8	1.8
English and French	1,260	660	605	1.1	1.1	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	565	270	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	117,890	59,440	58,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,295	675	625	1.1	1.1	1.1
French	107,570	54,225	53,340	91.2	91.2	91.3
Non-official language	815	430	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	815	430	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and French	4,445	2,290	2,155	3.8	3.9	3.7
English and non-official language(s)	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	2,310	1,090	1,220	2.0	1.8	2.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,230	615	610	1.0	1.0	1.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	117,890	59,440	58,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	115,805	58,445	57,360	98.2	98.3	98.1
Official languages	114,180	57,590	56,590	96.9	96.9	96.8
English	2,075	1,050	1,025	1.8	1.8	1.8
French	112,105	56,540	55,560	95.1	95.1	95.1
Non-official languages	1,625	855	775	1.4	1.4	1.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,625	855	775	1.4	1.4	1.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	205	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	160	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	155	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,065	555	510	0.9	0.9	0.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	930	485	445	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	660	355	305	0.6	0.6	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,090	1,000	1,085	1.8	1.7	1.9
English and French	1,170	555	615	1.0	0.9	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	660	300	360	0.6	0.5	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	170	95	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	117,890	59,440	58,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	111,430	56,180	55,245	94.5	94.5	94.5
English	3,040	1,605	1,435	2.6	2.7	2.5
French	1,150	575	575	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official language	1,380	630	755	1.2	1.1	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,375	630	750	1.2	1.1	1.3
English and French	135	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	495	255	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	155	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	116,925	59,005	57,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	116,740	58,925	57,810	99.8	99.9	99.8
English	43,875	23,310	20,560	37.5	39.5	35.5
French	116,175	58,635	57,540	99.4	99.4	99.4
Non-official languages	9,220	4,550	4,665	7.9	7.7	8.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,195	4,535	4,660	7.9	7.7	8.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,310	695	615	1.1	1.2	1.1
Berber languages	200	120	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kabyle	155	90	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamazight	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,210	640	580	1.0	1.1	1.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,210	640	570	1.0	1.1	1.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	1,350	630	725	1.2	1.1	1.3
Haitian Creole	1,235	575	660	1.1	1.0	1.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,795	2,840	2,955	5.0	4.8	5.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	365	210	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	365	210	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	165	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
German	155	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	160	90	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,135	2,455	2,675	4.4	4.2	4.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,130	625	510	1.0	1.1	0.9
Portuguese	465	230	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	275	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Spanish	3,520	1,640	1,880	3.0	2.8	3.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	350	180	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	185	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	170	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lao	45	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Thai	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	116,920	59,005	57,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,140	1,080	1,065	1.8	1.8	1.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,925	975	950	1.6	1.7	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,115	530	590	1.0	0.9	1.0
Métis	790	440	345	0.7	0.7	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	114,780	57,930	56,850	98.2	98.2	98.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	116,920	59,005	57,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	360	185	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	116,565	58,825	57,735	99.7	99.7	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	47,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	35,680	...	...	75.0	...	...
Renter	11,875	...	...	25.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	47,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,310	...	...	11.2	...	...
Not condominium	42,240	...	...	88.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	47,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	70	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	4,510	...	...	9.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	15,550	...	...	32.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,615	...	...	34.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,810	...	...	22.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	47,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,895	...	...	27.1	...	...
5 rooms	8,145	...	...	17.1	...	...
6 rooms	6,500	...	...	13.7	...	...
7 rooms	6,550	...	...	13.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,455	...	...	28.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	47,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	47,220	...	...	99.3	...	...
More than one person per room	330	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	47,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	46,145	...	...	97.0	...	...
Not suitable	1,405	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	47,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,430	...	...	11.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,045	...	...	25.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,155	...	...	10.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,070	...	...	10.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,680	...	...	7.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	6,610	...	...	13.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,075	...	...	10.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,490	...	...	9.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	47,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	45,130	...	...	94.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,420	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	47,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	23,605	...	...	49.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,610	...	...	47.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,335	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	47,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,010	...	...	2.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,860	...	...	16.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,490	...	...	20.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,575	...	...	18.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,895	...	...	20.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,950	...	...	14.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,095	...	...	6.5	...	...
85 years and over	675	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	47,150	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	41,145	...	...	87.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,005	...	...	12.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,540	...	...	11.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	47,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,275	...	...	19.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,560	...	...	11.7	...	...
Not suitable only	1,200	...	...	2.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,965	...	...	4.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	95	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	345	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	38,275	...	...	80.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	46,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,885	...	...	4.0	...	...
Not in core need	44,800	...	...	96.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	35,400	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	74.6	...	...	74.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.3	...	...	10.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,190	...	...	1,190	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,208	...	...	1,208	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	320,000	...	...	320,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,820	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.0	...	...	20.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.1	...	...	10.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	880	...	...	880	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	897	...	...	897	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	116,920	59,005	57,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,015	970	1,050	1.7	1.6	1.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,995	955	1,040	1.7	1.6	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,680	790	885	1.4	1.3	1.5
Métis single ancestry	305	160	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,125	1,550	1,570	2.7	2.6	2.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,110	1,550	1,560	2.7	2.6	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,895	1,420	1,475	2.5	2.4	2.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	195	125	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	111,775	56,480	55,295	95.6	95.7	95.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	116,920	59,010	57,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	115,455	58,200	57,260	98.7	98.6	98.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	27,375	14,065	13,305	23.4	23.8	23.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	88,085	44,130	43,950	75.3	74.8	75.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,465	810	655	1.3	1.4	1.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	116,920	59,010	57,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	110,895	55,895	55,000	94.8	94.7	95.0
Immigrants⁸¹	5,735	2,930	2,805	4.9	5.0	4.8
Before 1980	990	560	425	0.8	0.9	0.7
1980 to 1990	630	345	280	0.5	0.6	0.5
1991 to 2000	835	415	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
2001 to 2010	1,655	800	855	1.4	1.4	1.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,630	810	820	1.4	1.4	1.4
2011 to 2015	1,030	450	580	0.9	0.8	1.0
2016 to 2021	595	360	235	0.5	0.6	0.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	290	180	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,735	2,935	2,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	670	355	320	11.7	12.1	11.4
5 to 14 years	1,215	580	635	21.2	19.8	22.7
15 to 24 years	960	455	505	16.7	15.5	18.0
25 to 44 years	2,555	1,390	1,160	44.6	47.4	41.4
45 years and over	335	155	180	5.8	5.3	6.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,735	2,935	2,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,055	990	1,070	35.8	33.7	38.2
Brazil	45	20	25	0.8	0.7	0.9
Colombia	140	55	90	2.4	1.9	3.2
El Salvador	120	55	65	2.1	1.9	2.3
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	830	410	420	14.5	14.0	15.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Mexico	120	50	70	2.1	1.7	2.5
Peru	115	60	50	2.0	2.0	1.8
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	150	70	75	2.6	2.4	2.7
Other places of birth in Americas	525	250	270	9.2	8.5	9.6
Europe	1,720	940	785	30.0	32.0	28.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	715	420	300	12.5	14.3	10.7
Germany	35	30	0	0.6	1.0	0.0
Greece	35	25	15	0.6	0.9	0.5
Hungary	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Italy	220	135	90	3.8	4.6	3.2
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.4
Portugal	160	70	85	2.8	2.4	3.0
Romania	175	75	105	3.1	2.6	3.8
Russian Federation	30	20	10	0.5	0.7	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	15	20	0.7	0.5	0.7
Other places of birth in Europe	235	115	125	4.1	3.9	4.5
Africa	1,510	790	715	26.3	26.9	25.5
Algeria	325	180	150	5.7	6.1	5.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	105	40	60	1.8	1.4	2.1
Egypt	25	15	10	0.4	0.5	0.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	375	195	185	6.5	6.6	6.6
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	675	360	320	11.8	12.3	11.4
Asia	440	210	230	7.7	7.2	8.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	85	45	35	1.5	1.5	1.3
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	0	0.3	0.3	0.0
Turkey	40	20	25	0.7	0.7	0.9
China⁹⁰	50	10	40	0.9	0.3	1.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	0	30	0.5	0.0	1.1
Viet Nam	25	20	10	0.4	0.7	0.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
Pakistan	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	130	75	55	2.3	2.6	2.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	595	360	235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	205	120	90	34.5	33.3	38.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	0	15	2.5	0.0	6.4
Haiti	75	45	30	12.6	12.5	12.8
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	0	0	2.5	0.0	0.0
United States of America	30	20	10	5.0	5.6	4.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	1.7	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	55	40	15	9.2	11.1	6.4
Europe	95	70	25	16.0	19.4	10.6
France	60	50	15	10.1	13.9	6.4
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	1.7	2.8	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	10	10	3.4	2.8	4.3
Africa	275	160	115	46.2	44.4	48.9
Algeria	35	25	10	5.9	6.9	4.3
Burundi	40	25	15	6.7	6.9	6.4
Cameroon	45	30	20	7.6	8.3	8.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	0	1.7	2.8	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	20	10	10	3.4	2.8	4.3
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	30	15	15	5.0	4.2	6.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	35	15	20	5.9	4.2	8.5
Other places of birth in Africa	55	35	25	9.2	9.7	10.6
Asia	15	10	10	2.5	2.8	4.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	0	1.7	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	116,920	59,005	57,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	6,315	3,225	3,090	5.4	5.5	5.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,650	3,350	3,300	5.7	5.7	5.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	103,960	52,435	51,525	88.9	88.9	89.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,750	2,370	2,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,355	1,245	1,105	49.6	52.5	46.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	970	650	320	20.4	27.4	13.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,380	595	780	29.1	25.1	32.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,645	720	925	34.6	30.4	38.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	640	325	310	13.5	13.7	13.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	115	75	35	2.4	3.2	1.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,750	2,370	2,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	580	325	260	12.2	13.7	10.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	380	245	140	8.0	10.3	5.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	80	35	50	1.7	1.5	2.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	180	115	60	3.8	4.9	2.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	60	20	40	1.3	0.8	1.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,460	1,640	1,820	72.8	69.2	76.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	116,920	59,005	57,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,735	3,370	3,365	5.8	5.7	5.8
South Asian	155	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese	155	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Black	3,555	1,815	1,740	3.0	3.1	3.0
Filipino	105	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	1,070	550	515	0.9	0.9	0.9
Latin American	1,160	535	630	1.0	0.9	1.1
Southeast Asian	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	170	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	110,185	55,635	54,550	94.2	94.3	94.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	116,925	59,005	57,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	45,560	22,725	22,830	39.0	38.5	39.4
English	1,400	680	715	1.2	1.2	1.2
Irish	4,880	2,345	2,535	4.2	4.0	4.4
Scottish	1,665	795	870	1.4	1.3	1.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	23,205	11,780	11,420	19.8	20.0	19.7
German	1,270	640	630	1.1	1.1	1.1
Chinese	235	75	160	0.2	0.1	0.3
Italian	4,555	2,240	2,320	3.9	3.8	4.0
Indian (India)	200	80	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ukrainian	360	170	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	190	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Polish	475	240	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Québécois	20,215	10,275	9,940	17.3	17.4	17.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	205	125	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Filipino	130	90	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
French Canadian	8,090	4,080	4,005	6.9	6.9	6.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,230	1,730	1,500	2.8	2.9	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,510	1,250	1,265	2.1	2.1	2.2
Métis	530	305	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,070	565	510	0.9	1.0	0.9
Russian	215	125	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norwegian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	840	380	460	0.7	0.6	0.8
American	540	240	300	0.5	0.4	0.5
Spanish	835	430	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
Swedish	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungarian	270	110	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Acadian	2,150	1,040	1,110	1.8	1.8	1.9
Pakistani	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	430	220	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	85	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	375	180	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Greek	340	185	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	50	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	295	120	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lebanese	275	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iranian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,275	630	650	1.1	1.1	1.1
Danish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	440	195	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	750	390	360	0.6	0.7	0.6
Haitian	2,220	1,090	1,130	1.9	1.8	2.0
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	240	100	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	230	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	335	155	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	70	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Egyptian	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	170	55	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	155	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Moroccan	490	245	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Czech	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	110	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	175	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	385	215	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Brazilian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovak	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	240	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	330	170	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	200	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	185	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	235	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber	185	85	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	275	165	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	200	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guatemalan	135	40	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Franco Ontarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	90	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	110	75	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	105	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	220	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moldovan	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	205	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	240	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	435	215	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Norman	170	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	50	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	116,920	59,005	57,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	145	90	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Christian	78,075	38,805	39,270	66.8	65.8	67.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,845	2,890	2,955	5.0	4.9	5.1
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	445	240	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catholic	69,440	34,565	34,870	59.4	58.6	60.2
Christian Orthodox	465	240	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	490	195	295	0.4	0.3	0.5
Latter Day Saints	70	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Presbyterian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	985	480	505	0.8	0.8	0.9
Hindu	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	1,440	740	700	1.2	1.3	1.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	265	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	36,925	19,200	17,725	31.6	32.5	30.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	115,450	58,315	57,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	101,585	51,585	50,005	88.0	88.5	87.5
Movers	13,865	6,730	7,140	12.0	11.5	12.5
Non-migrants	5,205	2,400	2,805	4.5	4.1	4.9
Migrants	8,665	4,325	4,335	7.5	7.4	7.6
Internal migrants	8,565	4,285	4,280	7.4	7.3	7.5
Intraprovincial migrants	8,430	4,210	4,215	7.3	7.2	7.4
Interprovincial migrants	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	109,245	55,140	54,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	64,285	33,200	31,085	58.8	60.2	57.5
Movers	44,960	21,945	23,020	41.2	39.8	42.5
Non-migrants	11,890	5,690	6,205	10.9	10.3	11.5
Migrants	33,065	16,250	16,815	30.3	29.5	31.1
Internal migrants	32,415	15,905	16,510	29.7	28.8	30.5
Intraprovincial migrants	32,105	15,740	16,365	29.4	28.5	30.2
Interprovincial migrants	305	165	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	650	345	305	0.6	0.6	0.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	93,245	46,875	46,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	24,445	14,410	10,030	26.2	30.7	21.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	68,800	32,465	36,335	73.8	69.3	78.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	64,360	32,280	32,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,350	8,455	4,895	20.7	26.2	15.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	51,005	23,830	27,175	79.2	73.8	84.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	93,245	46,875	46,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,530	11,665	8,860	22.0	24.9	19.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	22,300	10,645	11,660	23.9	22.7	25.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,415	24,565	25,850	54.1	52.4	55.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	40,205	20,865	19,335	43.1	44.5	41.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	22,420	13,830	8,595	24.0	29.5	18.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15,220	7,800	7,420	16.3	16.6	16.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	7,200	6,030	1,170	7.7	12.9	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,955	5,925	9,025	16.0	12.6	19.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,825	1,110	1,715	3.0	2.4	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,210	3,700	6,515	10.9	7.9	14.1
Bachelor's degree	7,580	2,685	4,890	8.1	5.7	10.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	905	340	565	1.0	0.7	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	200	55	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
Master's degree	1,380	530	850	1.5	1.1	1.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	155	90	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	64,355	32,285	32,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,275	6,365	3,915	16.0	19.7	12.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,150	6,445	6,705	20.4	20.0	20.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,930	19,475	21,455	63.6	60.3	66.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	32,335	16,560	15,775	50.2	51.3	49.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	18,550	11,185	7,370	28.8	34.6	23.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,560	6,180	6,380	19.5	19.1	19.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,990	5,010	985	9.3	15.5	3.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,595	4,535	7,060	18.0	14.0	22.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,185	840	1,345	3.4	2.6	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,595	2,915	5,685	13.4	9.0	17.7
Bachelor's degree	6,370	2,135	4,235	9.9	6.6	13.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	755	255	505	1.2	0.8	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	165	45	125	0.3	0.1	0.4
Master's degree	1,205	435	765	1.9	1.3	2.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	93,240	46,880	46,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	42,830	22,310	20,515	45.9	47.6	44.2
Education	3,425	645	2,780	3.7	1.4	6.0
13. Education	3,425	645	2,780	3.7	1.4	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,545	725	815	1.7	1.5	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	310	230	80	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,235	495	735	1.3	1.1	1.6
Humanities	1,740	680	1,060	1.9	1.5	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	125	20	100	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,160	485	675	1.2	1.0	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	225	45	180	0.2	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,685	840	2,845	4.0	1.8	6.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	370	110	260	0.4	0.2	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,160	40	1,120	1.2	0.1	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	730	175	555	0.8	0.4	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	640	180	465	0.7	0.4	1.0
45. Social sciences	690	315	370	0.7	0.7	0.8
Business, management and public administration	10,115	2,785	7,325	10.8	5.9	15.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	665	95	570	0.7	0.2	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,435	2,690	6,745	10.1	5.7	14.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,025	485	545	1.1	1.0	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	325	95	225	0.3	0.2	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	245	100	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
40. Physical sciences	195	140	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,430	1,005	425	1.5	2.1	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,265	940	320	1.4	2.0	0.7
25. Library science	95	15	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	14,025	12,830	1,195	15.0	27.4	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	270	155	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	895	765	135	1.0	1.6	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,150	1,795	355	2.3	3.8	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,600	4,370	230	4.9	9.3	0.5
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,645	3,470	180	3.9	7.4	0.4
48. Precision production	2,460	2,285	175	2.6	4.9	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,250	665	585	1.3	1.4	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,020	505	515	1.1	1.1	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	230	160	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	6,550	830	5,720	7.0	1.8	12.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	280	135	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,170	680	5,495	6.6	1.5	11.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,630	3,070	2,555	6.0	6.5	5.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,505	545	1,960	2.7	1.2	4.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,445	1,050	395	1.5	2.2	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,670	1,465	205	1.8	3.1	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	64,355	32,280	32,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,430	12,810	10,620	36.4	39.7	33.1
Education	2,615	430	2,190	4.1	1.3	6.8
13. Education	2,615	430	2,190	4.1	1.3	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,225	540	680	1.9	1.7	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	245	175	70	0.4	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	980	365	610	1.5	1.1	1.9
Humanities	1,115	420	695	1.7	1.3	2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	100	20	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	715	295	420	1.1	0.9	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
54. History	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	160	20	135	0.2	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,090	635	2,455	4.8	2.0	7.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	320	95	225	0.5	0.3	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,040	20	1,020	1.6	0.1	3.2
22. Legal professions and studies	605	130	475	0.9	0.4	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	495	130	365	0.8	0.4	1.1
45. Social sciences	570	245	325	0.9	0.8	1.0
Business, management and public administration	8,400	2,165	6,230	13.1	6.7	19.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	555	65	495	0.9	0.2	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,830	2,110	5,725	12.2	6.5	17.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	635	295	340	1.0	0.9	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	255	80	175	0.4	0.2	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	145	95	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,150	830	320	1.8	2.6	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,050	795	250	1.6	2.5	0.8
25. Library science	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,505	10,425	1,080	17.9	32.3	3.4
04. Architecture and related services	230	135	100	0.4	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	780	650	130	1.2	2.0	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,790	1,460	325	2.8	4.5	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,785	3,565	220	5.9	11.0	0.7
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,945	2,790	155	4.6	8.6	0.5
48. Precision production	1,985	1,825	155	3.1	5.7	0.5
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,010	505	505	1.6	1.6	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	810	380	435	1.3	1.2	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	195	130	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	5,465	670	4,785	8.5	2.1	14.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	230	100	135	0.4	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,150	560	4,590	8.0	1.7	14.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,730	2,560	2,175	7.3	7.9	6.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,055	395	1,660	3.2	1.2	5.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,235	900	335	1.9	2.8	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,430	1,255	180	2.2	3.9	0.6
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	64,355	32,280	32,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,430	12,810	10,620	36.4	39.7	33.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	40,925	19,470	21,455	63.6	60.3	66.9
Location of study inside Canada	39,450	18,700	20,750	61.3	57.9	64.7
Same as province or territory of residence	39,135	18,515	20,615	60.8	57.4	64.3
Different than province or territory of residence	320	185	135	0.5	0.6	0.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,480	775	705	2.3	2.4	2.2
Americas	410	200	210	0.6	0.6	0.7
United States of America	95	55	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mexico	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	500	320	180	0.8	1.0	0.6
Belgium	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	300	205	100	0.5	0.6	0.3
Germany	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	420	180	240	0.7	0.6	0.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	100	35	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tunisia	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	155	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Asia	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	93,245	46,875	46,370	...	...	...
In the labour force	63,760	33,230	30,530	...	...	...
Employed	60,000	31,245	28,755	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,760	1,985	1,775	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	29,485	13,645	15,840	...	...	...
Participation rate	68.4	70.9	65.8	68.4	70.9	65.8
Employment rate	64.3	66.7	62.0	64.3	66.7	62.0
Unemployment rate	5.9	6.0	5.8	5.9	6.0	5.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	93,240	46,880	46,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	29,155	13,225	15,925	31.3	28.2	34.3
Worked	64,090	33,650	30,440	68.7	71.8	65.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	34,190	18,555	15,635	36.7	39.6	33.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	29,900	15,095	14,805	32.1	32.2	31.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	42.3	41.5	41.9	42.3	41.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	63,755	33,230	30,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	960	460	500	1.5	1.4	1.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	62,800	32,770	30,025	98.5	98.6	98.4
Employee	54,915	27,895	27,015	86.1	83.9	88.5
Permanent position	48,010	24,745	23,260	75.3	74.5	76.2
Temporary position	6,905	3,150	3,755	10.8	9.5	12.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,890	705	1,185	3.0	2.1	3.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,015	2,445	2,575	7.9	7.4	8.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,880	4,875	3,010	12.4	14.7	9.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	63,755	33,230	30,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	960	460	500	1.5	1.4	1.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	62,800	32,770	30,025	98.5	98.6	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,110	835	270	1.7	2.5	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,785	2,430	7,355	15.3	7.3	24.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,990	2,245	745	4.7	6.8	2.4
3 Health occupations	4,765	620	4,145	7.5	1.9	13.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,345	1,705	5,635	11.5	5.1	18.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,250	650	600	2.0	2.0	2.0
6 Sales and service occupations	14,705	6,150	8,555	23.1	18.5	28.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	16,190	14,750	1,445	25.4	44.4	4.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,360	1,025	335	2.1	3.1	1.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,295	2,355	935	5.2	7.1	3.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	63,755	33,230	30,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	960	460	500	1.5	1.4	1.6
All industries¹⁹¹	62,800	32,770	30,025	98.5	98.6	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,245	795	450	2.0	2.4	1.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	200	165	40	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	410	275	135	0.6	0.8	0.4
23 Construction	8,930	7,630	1,300	14.0	23.0	4.3
31-33 Manufacturing	6,860	4,940	1,915	10.8	14.9	6.3
41 Wholesale trade	2,245	1,560	685	3.5	4.7	2.2
44-45 Retail trade	8,235	3,815	4,420	12.9	11.5	14.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,150	2,365	790	4.9	7.1	2.6
51 Information and cultural industries	680	360	315	1.1	1.1	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	1,760	565	1,190	2.8	1.7	3.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	785	395	390	1.2	1.2	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,005	1,440	1,560	4.7	4.3	5.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,520	1,595	930	4.0	4.8	3.0
61 Educational services	4,020	910	3,115	6.3	2.7	10.2
62 Health care and social assistance	8,650	1,035	7,610	13.6	3.1	24.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	645	365	280	1.0	1.1	0.9
72 Accommodation and food services	2,910	1,160	1,750	4.6	3.5	5.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,160	1,620	1,540	5.0	4.9	5.0
91 Public administration	3,315	1,735	1,585	5.2	5.2	5.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	67,600	35,315	32,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	865	525	340	1.3	1.5	1.1
French	55,555	28,545	27,010	82.2	80.8	83.7
Non-official language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	10,740	6,035	4,705	15.9	17.1	14.6
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	140	90	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	270	115	155	0.4	0.3	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	67,600	35,315	32,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	66,000	34,420	31,580	97.6	97.5	97.8
Official languages	65,950	34,405	31,550	97.6	97.4	97.7
English	2,095	1,260	830	3.1	3.6	2.6
French	63,855	33,140	30,720	94.5	93.8	95.2
Non-official languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,600	895	700	2.4	2.5	2.2
English and French	1,500	855	650	2.2	2.4	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	67,600	35,315	32,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	57,980	29,945	28,035	85.8	84.8	86.8
English	8,080	4,480	3,600	12.0	12.7	11.2
French	1,230	740	490	1.8	2.1	1.5
Non-official language	120	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	120	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	150	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	60,000	31,245	28,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,290	3,665	4,625	13.8	11.7	16.1
Worked outside Canada	105	85	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	10,110	7,930	2,180	16.9	25.4	7.6
Usual place of work	41,490	19,570	21,920	69.2	62.6	76.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	41,490	19,570	21,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,600	3,540	5,065	20.7	18.1	23.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,005	2,880	4,120	16.9	14.7	18.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	25,840	13,120	12,720	62.3	67.0	58.0
Commute to a different province or territory	45	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	51,600	27,495	24,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	48,430	26,115	22,315	93.9	95.0	92.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	46,195	25,115	21,080	89.5	91.3	87.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,235	1,000	1,235	4.3	3.6	5.1
Public transit	830	305	525	1.6	1.1	2.2
Walked	1,360	565	795	2.6	2.1	3.3
Bicycle	200	140	60	0.4	0.5	0.2
Other method	775	370	405	1.5	1.3	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	51,600	27,495	24,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	10,400	4,565	5,835	20.2	16.6	24.2
15 to 29 minutes	14,570	6,760	7,810	28.2	24.6	32.4
30 to 44 minutes	13,865	7,895	5,975	26.9	28.7	24.8
45 to 59 minutes	6,915	4,335	2,580	13.4	15.8	10.7
60 minutes and over	5,850	3,945	1,905	11.3	14.3	7.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	51,600	27,495	24,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	7,660	6,100	1,560	14.8	22.2	6.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,495	6,275	4,220	20.3	22.8	17.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,560	5,195	7,365	24.3	18.9	30.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,540	2,665	4,880	14.6	9.7	20.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,035	1,415	2,620	7.8	5.1	10.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,310	5,850	3,465	18.0	21.3	14.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	27,895	14,365	13,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,920	1,470	1,445	10.5	10.2	10.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	24,980	12,895	12,080	89.6	89.8	89.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	19,730	10,210	9,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,130	1,085	1,045	10.8	10.6	11.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,320	650	670	6.7	6.4	7.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	805	430	375	4.1	4.2	3.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,600	9,125	8,475	89.2	89.4	89.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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