Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	MontarvilleMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	100,515	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	97,748^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	40,522	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	39,896	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	668.9	...	...	668.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	150.28	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	100,515	49,115	51,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,780	9,125	8,655	17.7	18.6	16.8
0 to 4 years	4,655	2,470	2,180	4.6	5.0	4.2
5 to 9 years	6,180	3,135	3,050	6.1	6.4	5.9
10 to 14 years	6,945	3,530	3,420	6.9	7.2	6.7
15 to 64 years	64,145	31,535	32,610	63.8	64.2	63.4
15 to 19 years	6,525	3,335	3,190	6.5	6.8	6.2
20 to 24 years	5,015	2,615	2,400	5.0	5.3	4.7
25 to 29 years	4,405	2,200	2,210	4.4	4.5	4.3
30 to 34 years	5,040	2,435	2,605	5.0	5.0	5.1
35 to 39 years	6,145	2,980	3,160	6.1	6.1	6.1
40 to 44 years	7,475	3,545	3,925	7.4	7.2	7.6
45 to 49 years	7,615	3,700	3,910	7.6	7.5	7.6
50 to 54 years	7,295	3,635	3,660	7.3	7.4	7.1
55 to 59 years	7,715	3,755	3,965	7.7	7.6	7.7
60 to 64 years	6,910	3,335	3,575	6.9	6.8	7.0
65 years and over	18,595	8,455	10,140	18.5	17.2	19.7
65 to 69 years	5,775	2,765	3,010	5.7	5.6	5.9
70 to 74 years	5,085	2,230	2,855	5.1	4.5	5.6
75 to 79 years	3,915	1,855	2,060	3.9	3.8	4.0
80 to 84 years	2,160	980	1,175	2.1	2.0	2.3
85 years and over	1,665	635	1,030	1.7	1.3	2.0
85 to 89 years	1,065	455	610	1.1	0.9	1.2
90 to 94 years	490	160	330	0.5	0.3	0.6
95 to 99 years	100	20	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
100 years and over	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.7	18.6	16.8	17.7	18.6	16.8
15 to 64 years	63.8	64.2	63.4	63.8	64.2	63.4
65 years and over	18.5	17.2	19.7	18.5	17.2	19.7
85 years and over	1.7	1.3	2.0	1.7	1.3	2.0
Average age of the population	41.9	41.0	42.8	41.9	41.0	42.8
Median age of the population	43.6	42.8	44.4	43.6	42.8	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	39,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	24,895	...	...	62.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,965	...	...	4.9	...	...
Row house	660	...	...	1.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	835	...	...	2.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	11,040	...	...	27.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	160	...	...	0.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	140	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	195	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	39,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	9,895	...	...	24.8	...	...
2 persons	14,270	...	...	35.8	...	...
3 persons	6,200	...	...	15.5	...	...
4 persons	6,685	...	...	16.8	...	...
5 or more persons	2,850	...	...	7.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	99,020	48,585	50,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	82,735	39,990	42,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	51,880	25,925	25,955	62.7	64.8	60.7
Married	30,140	15,055	15,080	36.4	37.6	35.3
Living common-law	21,745	10,870	10,875	26.3	27.2	25.4
Living common law - Never married	17,575	8,695	8,875	21.2	21.7	20.8
Living common law - Separated	200	105	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	3,590	1,890	1,700	4.3	4.7	4.0
Living common law - Widowed	380	170	205	0.5	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	30,855	14,065	16,790	37.3	35.2	39.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	21,755	11,335	10,420	26.3	28.3	24.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	910	375	535	1.1	0.9	1.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,670	1,560	3,110	5.6	3.9	7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,525	795	2,730	4.3	2.0	6.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	14,580	...	...	49.1	...	...
3 persons	6,130	...	...	20.6	...	...
4 persons	6,590	...	...	22.2	...	...
5 or more persons	2,400	...	...	8.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	25,485	...	...	85.8	...	...
Married couples	14,640	...	...	49.3	...	...
With children⁶	7,010	...	...	23.6	...	...
Without children	7,625	...	...	25.7	...	...
Common-law couples	10,850	...	...	36.5	...	...
With children⁶	6,265	...	...	21.1	...	...
Without children	4,585	...	...	15.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,215	...	...	14.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,985	...	...	10.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,230	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	99,020	48,585	50,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	86,560	43,250	43,305	87.4	89.0	85.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	50,970	25,475	25,490	51.5	52.4	50.5
Parents in one-parent families	4,215	1,230	2,980	4.3	2.5	5.9
Children⁶	31,370	16,545	14,825	31.7	34.1	29.4
In a two-parent family	24,845	13,085	11,755	25.1	26.9	23.3
In a one-parent family	6,530	3,460	3,065	6.6	7.1	6.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	12,465	5,330	7,130	12.6	11.0	14.1
Living alone	9,895	4,100	5,795	10.0	8.4	11.5
Living with other relatives⁷	1,315	525	790	1.3	1.1	1.6
Living with non-relatives only	1,255	705	550	1.3	1.5	1.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	39,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,030	...	...	70.3	...	...
Couple-family households	24,260	...	...	60.8	...	...
With children⁶	12,665	...	...	31.7	...	...
Without children	11,590	...	...	29.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,770	...	...	9.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	565	...	...	1.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	140	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	605	...	...	1.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	665	...	...	1.7	...	...
One-person households	9,895	...	...	24.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	81,250	39,465	41,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,235	38,500	40,730	97.5	97.6	97.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,200	58,800	44,800	51,200	58,800	44,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,270	38,515	40,750	97.6	97.6	97.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	49,200	39,200	43,600	49,200	39,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,175	37,065	38,110	92.5	93.9	91.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	53,600	36,400	44,000	53,600	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	61,500	31,215	30,285	75.7	79.1	72.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200	54,800	41,200	47,200	54,800	41,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	59,645	26,010	33,635	73.4	65.9	80.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,800	9,100	10,300	9,800	9,100	10,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,500	3,650	3,855	9.2	9.2	9.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,160	5,760	5,480	5,160	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,200	10,365	9,840	24.9	26.3	23.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	7,500	6,500	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	81,285	39,500	41,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,170	38,470	40,700	97.4	97.4	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	63,650	74,400	53,500	63,650	74,400	53,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,185	38,470	40,715	97.4	97.4	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,200	57,000	43,760	50,200	57,000	43,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,215	37,140	38,080	92.5	94.0	91.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,000	69,500	46,800	58,000	69,500	46,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	61,560	31,170	30,390	75.7	78.9	72.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,700	67,800	49,440	58,700	67,800	49,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	59,765	26,130	33,635	73.5	66.2	80.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,320	10,700	11,790	11,320	10,700	11,790
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,390	3,665	3,725	9.1	9.3	8.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,810	6,050	9,550	7,810	6,050	9,550
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,200	10,245	9,955	24.9	25.9	23.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,620	7,300	7,950	7,620	7,300	7,950
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	81,280	39,500	41,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,310	17,175	15,140	39.8	43.5	36.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	75,000	82,000	67,000	75,000	82,000	67,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	87,300	98,700	74,500	87,300	98,700	74,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,725	10,980	12,750	29.2	27.8	30.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	19,600	17,800	18,600	19,600	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,200	33,760	27,120	30,200	33,760	27,120
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.6	90.2	81.8	86.6	90.2	81.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.8	73.8	69.0	71.8	73.8	69.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.4	9.8	18.2	13.4	9.8	18.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.8	1.6	1.2	0.8	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.5	2.9	4.3	3.5	2.9	4.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.1	2.6	3.6	3.1	2.6	3.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	81,250	39,465	41,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,015	965	1,050	2.5	2.4	2.5
With total income	79,235	38,505	40,735	97.5	97.6	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,275	2,275	2,995	6.7	5.9	7.4
$10,000 to $19,999	7,555	2,795	4,765	9.5	7.3	11.7
$20,000 to $29,999	9,585	3,835	5,745	12.1	10.0	14.1
$30,000 to $39,999	7,870	3,325	4,545	9.9	8.6	11.2
$40,000 to $49,999	8,505	3,770	4,735	10.7	9.8	11.6
$50,000 to $59,999	7,730	3,675	4,055	9.8	9.5	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	6,570	3,350	3,215	8.3	8.7	7.9
$70,000 to $79,999	5,470	2,895	2,580	6.9	7.5	6.3
$80,000 to $89,999	4,920	2,575	2,345	6.2	6.7	5.8
$90,000 to $99,999	3,550	1,945	1,600	4.5	5.1	3.9
$100,000 and over	12,210	8,065	4,145	15.4	20.9	10.2
$100,000 to $149,999	8,205	5,140	3,060	10.4	13.3	7.5
$150,000 and over	4,010	2,920	1,085	5.1	7.6	2.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	81,250	39,465	41,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,985	950	1,030	2.4	2.4	2.5
With after-tax income	79,265	38,515	40,755	97.6	97.6	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,835	2,390	3,445	7.4	6.2	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	8,100	3,025	5,075	10.2	7.9	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	11,140	4,555	6,585	14.1	11.8	16.2
$30,000 to $39,999	10,410	4,560	5,855	13.1	11.8	14.4
$40,000 to $49,999	10,820	5,210	5,605	13.7	13.5	13.8
$50,000 to $59,999	9,030	4,640	4,395	11.4	12.0	10.8
$60,000 to $69,999	7,415	3,980	3,435	9.4	10.3	8.4
$70,000 to $79,999	5,230	2,760	2,465	6.6	7.2	6.0
$80,000 to $89,999	3,465	2,075	1,390	4.4	5.4	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,390	1,505	885	3.0	3.9	2.2
$100,000 and over	5,425	3,805	1,620	6.8	9.9	4.0
$100,000 to $124,999	2,845	1,890	955	3.6	4.9	2.3
$125,000 and over	2,580	1,915	665	3.3	5.0	1.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	81,250	39,465	41,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	19,755	8,255	11,495	24.3	20.9	27.5
With employment income	61,495	31,210	30,285	75.7	79.1	72.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,500	3,785	3,715	12.2	12.1	12.3
$5,000 to $9,999	4,400	2,000	2,405	7.2	6.4	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	6,295	2,715	3,575	10.2	8.7	11.8
$20,000 to $29,999	4,510	1,925	2,585	7.3	6.2	8.5
$30,000 to $39,999	4,395	1,915	2,480	7.1	6.1	8.2
$40,000 to $49,999	4,915	2,160	2,760	8.0	6.9	9.1
$50,000 to $59,999	4,760	2,250	2,510	7.7	7.2	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,265	2,180	2,090	6.9	7.0	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,965	2,080	1,885	6.4	6.7	6.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,985	2,010	1,980	6.5	6.4	6.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,585	1,535	1,050	4.2	4.9	3.5
$100,000 and over	9,920	6,660	3,255	16.1	21.3	10.7
$100,000 to $124,999	4,430	2,790	1,640	7.2	8.9	5.4
$125,000 and over	5,485	3,870	1,615	8.9	12.4	5.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	81,250	39,465	41,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,600	37,670	39,935	95.5	95.5	95.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,000	58,800	43,200	50,000	58,800	43,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,645	37,675	39,975	95.6	95.5	95.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	48,800	37,600	42,800	48,800	37,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,790	36,450	37,335	90.8	92.4	89.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	55,600	37,600	45,600	55,600	37,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,215	31,065	30,150	75.3	78.7	72.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,000	56,400	42,000	48,000	56,400	42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	53,025	22,405	30,620	65.3	56.8	73.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,700	4,800	7,750	6,700	4,800	7,750
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,940	3,500	3,445	8.5	8.9	8.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,600	3,880	6,000	4,600	3,880	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	81,285	39,500	41,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,685	37,755	39,935	95.6	95.6	95.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,850	73,600	50,720	61,850	73,600	50,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,730	37,755	39,975	95.6	95.6	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,440	56,000	41,360	48,440	56,000	41,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,940	36,560	37,385	91.0	92.6	89.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,600	71,000	46,480	58,600	71,000	46,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,395	31,100	30,300	75.5	78.7	72.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,000	68,900	48,840	59,000	68,900	48,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	52,995	22,410	30,585	65.2	56.7	73.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,850	8,110	9,390	8,850	8,110	9,390
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,040	3,650	3,390	8.7	9.2	8.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,240	4,996	9,660	7,240	4,996	9,660
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	81,280	39,500	41,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,160	17,100	15,055	39.6	43.3	36.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	71,000	80,000	62,400	71,000	80,000	62,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	82,700	94,600	69,100	82,700	94,600	69,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,435	10,345	12,085	27.6	26.2	28.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	26,600	21,800	23,600	26,600	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,400	41,600	31,960	36,400	41,600	31,960
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.2	93.4	85.8	90.2	93.4	85.8
Employment income (%)	75.4	77.2	73.0	75.4	77.2	73.0
Government transfers (%)	9.8	6.5	14.2	9.8	6.5	14.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.7	1.6	1.1	0.7	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	39,895	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,895	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,400	...	...	50,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	...	...	42,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,000	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	39,870	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	126,400	...	...	126,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	99,700	...	...	99,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,840	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,950	...	...	57,950	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,080	...	...	47,080	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,030	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	148,800	...	...	148,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	39,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	155	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	185	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	305	...	...	0.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	985	...	...	2.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	845	...	...	2.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	790	...	...	2.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,015	...	...	2.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,240	...	...	3.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,160	...	...	2.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,510	...	...	6.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,525	...	...	6.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,535	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,385	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,325	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,840	...	...	52.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,040	...	...	12.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,225	...	...	10.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,665	...	...	14.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,915	...	...	14.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	39,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	200	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	105	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	190	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	330	...	...	0.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,080	...	...	2.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,045	...	...	2.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,080	...	...	2.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,415	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,560	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,530	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,170	...	...	7.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,280	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,030	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,840	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,720	...	...	6.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,315	...	...	40.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,595	...	...	14.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,080	...	...	10.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,640	...	...	16.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,540	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,660	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,330	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	166,000	...	...	166,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,070	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	11,150	4,805	6,345	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,800	54,800	44,800	48,800	54,800	44,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600	45,600	39,200	41,600	45,600	39,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,580	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	149,200	...	...	149,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,100	...	...	117,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,650	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	118,900	...	...	118,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,200	...	...	95,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,375	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	190,200	...	...	190,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	146,800	...	...	146,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,110	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	101,400	...	...	101,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,700	...	...	82,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	11,115	4,945	6,175	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	56,500	62,350	51,800	56,500	62,350	51,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,040	50,040	42,840	46,040	50,040	42,840
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	99,020	48,590	50,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,825	11,185	10,640	22.0	23.0	21.1
0 to 5 years	5,810	3,040	2,770	5.9	6.3	5.5
18 to 64 years	60,020	29,435	30,580	60.6	60.6	60.6
65 years and over	17,180	7,965	9,210	17.4	16.4	18.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,415	1,820	2,595	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	760	405	355	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	190	95	90	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,025	945	1,080	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,630	470	1,165	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.5	3.7	5.2	4.5	3.7	5.2
0 to 17 years (%)	3.5	3.6	3.3	3.5	3.6	3.3
0 to 5 years (%)	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.3
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.2	3.5	3.4	3.2	3.5
65 years and over (%)	9.5	5.9	12.7	9.5	5.9	12.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	99,020	48,585	50,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,825	11,180	10,645	22.0	23.0	21.1
0 to 5 years	5,810	3,040	2,770	5.9	6.3	5.5
18 to 64 years	60,015	29,440	30,580	60.6	60.6	60.6
65 years and over	17,180	7,970	9,210	17.4	16.4	18.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,065	950	1,115	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	375	200	170	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	100	55	45	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,265	625	645	...	...	...
65 years and over	425	130	300	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.1	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.0	2.2
0 to 17 years (%)	1.7	1.8	1.6	1.7	1.8	1.6
0 to 5 years (%)	1.8	1.9	1.7	1.8	1.9	1.7
18 to 64 years (%)	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.1
65 years and over (%)	2.5	1.6	3.3	2.5	1.6	3.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	99,020	48,585	50,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	34,855	16,135	18,725	35.2	33.2	37.1
In bottom decile	3,525	1,485	2,040	3.6	3.1	4.0
In second decile	5,375	2,300	3,075	5.4	4.7	6.1
In third decile	7,125	3,305	3,820	7.2	6.8	7.6
In fourth decile	8,595	4,075	4,520	8.7	8.4	9.0
In fifth decile	10,240	4,970	5,270	10.3	10.2	10.5
In top half of the distribution	64,165	32,455	31,710	64.8	66.8	62.9
In sixth decile	11,710	5,795	5,915	11.8	11.9	11.7
In seventh decile	12,725	6,410	6,315	12.9	13.2	12.5
In eighth decile	13,420	6,795	6,630	13.6	14.0	13.1
In ninth decile	13,455	6,835	6,615	13.6	14.1	13.1
In top decile	12,855	6,620	6,225	13.0	13.6	12.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	99,020	...	...	99,020	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.303	...	...	0.303	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.384	...	...	0.384	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.256	...	...	0.256	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	99,390	48,695	50,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	1,540	800	745	1.5	1.6	1.5
French only	39,845	17,715	22,130	40.1	36.4	43.6
English and French	57,595	30,005	27,585	57.9	61.6	54.4
Neither English nor French	410	175	230	0.4	0.4	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	99,390	48,695	50,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	6,270	3,190	3,080	6.3	6.6	6.1
French	89,505	43,685	45,820	90.1	89.7	90.4
English and French	3,230	1,655	1,570	3.2	3.4	3.1
Neither English nor French	390	160	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	99,390	48,695	50,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	96,460	47,205	49,255	97.1	96.9	97.1
Official languages	87,635	42,930	44,710	88.2	88.2	88.2
English	4,380	2,240	2,145	4.4	4.6	4.2
French	83,260	40,690	42,570	83.8	83.6	84.0
Non-official languages	8,820	4,275	4,545	8.9	8.8	9.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,815	4,275	4,545	8.9	8.8	9.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,565	810	750	1.6	1.7	1.5
Berber languages	205	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,340	700	640	1.3	1.4	1.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,325	690	630	1.3	1.4	1.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	185	75	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	135	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	385	180	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian Creole	240	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,455	2,660	2,795	5.5	5.5	5.5
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	820	365	450	0.8	0.7	0.9
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	820	365	450	0.8	0.7	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	450	185	265	0.5	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	180	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	715	370	345	0.7	0.8	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	560	290	270	0.6	0.6	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	530	270	255	0.5	0.6	0.5
Dari	370	190	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iranian Persian	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,615	1,780	1,835	3.6	3.7	3.6
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	285	165	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	525	265	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	650	315	340	0.7	0.6	0.7
Spanish	2,145	1,035	1,110	2.2	2.1	2.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	620	290	335	0.6	0.6	0.7
Chinese languages	620	290	335	0.6	0.6	0.7
Hakka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	435	195	245	0.4	0.4	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,935	1,490	1,445	3.0	3.1	2.9
English and French	1,625	845	780	1.6	1.7	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	845	415	430	0.9	0.9	0.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	99,390	48,695	50,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,555	1,805	1,745	3.6	3.7	3.4
French	79,845	38,895	40,955	80.3	79.9	80.8
Non-official language	2,410	1,180	1,230	2.4	2.4	2.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,410	1,180	1,230	2.4	2.4	2.4
English and French	6,700	3,435	3,265	6.7	7.1	6.4
English and non-official language(s)	685	345	340	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	3,695	1,785	1,910	3.7	3.7	3.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,380	1,190	1,190	2.4	2.4	2.3
Multiple non-official languages	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	99,390	48,695	50,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	95,985	47,020	48,965	96.6	96.6	96.6
Official languages	91,405	44,810	46,600	92.0	92.0	91.9
English	5,325	2,740	2,585	5.4	5.6	5.1
French	86,080	42,070	44,010	86.6	86.4	86.8
Non-official languages	4,580	2,210	2,370	4.6	4.5	4.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,580	2,210	2,370	4.6	4.5	4.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	560	275	285	0.6	0.6	0.6
Berber languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	495	245	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	495	245	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,120	1,505	1,615	3.1	3.1	3.2
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	485	235	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	485	235	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	350	160	185	0.4	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	470	225	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	390	190	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	360	175	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	235	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,105	1,020	1,085	2.1	2.1	2.1
Catalan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	285	150	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	440	210	230	0.4	0.4	0.5
Spanish	1,350	655	700	1.4	1.3	1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	460	230	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	460	230	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	365	185	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,405	1,675	1,730	3.4	3.4	3.4
English and French	1,720	850	865	1.7	1.7	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	225	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	1,125	550	570	1.1	1.1	1.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	320	145	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	99,390	48,695	50,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	88,625	43,265	45,360	89.2	88.8	89.5
English	4,415	2,255	2,160	4.4	4.6	4.3
French	2,450	1,220	1,230	2.5	2.5	2.4
Non-official language	2,150	1,065	1,085	2.2	2.2	2.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,150	1,065	1,085	2.2	2.2	2.1
English and French	555	280	275	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	710	365	345	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	335	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	99,035	48,620	50,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	98,695	48,450	50,250	99.7	99.7	99.7
English	59,050	30,780	28,270	59.6	63.3	56.1
French	97,230	47,635	49,595	98.2	98.0	98.4
Non-official languages	15,615	7,420	8,200	15.8	15.3	16.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	15,605	7,410	8,195	15.8	15.2	16.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,620	1,260	1,360	2.6	2.6	2.7
Berber languages	415	190	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kabyle	370	160	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Tamazight	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,380	1,160	1,215	2.4	2.4	2.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,305	1,125	1,175	2.3	2.3	2.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	230	90	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	165	65	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	200	85	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	60	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	995	460	535	1.0	0.9	1.1
Haitian Creole	770	345	420	0.8	0.7	0.8
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10,515	5,010	5,500	10.6	10.3	10.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	1,110	530	580	1.1	1.1	1.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,110	525	580	1.1	1.1	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	775	330	455	0.8	0.7	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	100	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	575	285	290	0.6	0.6	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	455	230	220	0.5	0.5	0.4
German	445	230	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	180	110	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	815	415	400	0.8	0.9	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	305	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	170	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	570	300	270	0.6	0.6	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	490	245	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dari	345	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.4
Iranian Persian	160	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	8,220	3,850	4,370	8.3	7.9	8.7
Catalan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	905	430	475	0.9	0.9	0.9
Portuguese	1,030	550	480	1.0	1.1	1.0
Romanian	915	440	475	0.9	0.9	0.9
Spanish	5,900	2,705	3,195	6.0	5.6	6.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	395	190	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	835	390	445	0.8	0.8	0.9
Chinese languages	835	390	445	0.8	0.8	0.9
Hakka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	635	300	335	0.6	0.6	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	250	120	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Thai	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	99,035	48,620	50,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,130	520	610	1.1	1.1	1.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,070	490	585	1.1	1.0	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	625	305	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Métis	435	185	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	97,905	48,100	49,805	98.9	98.9	98.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	99,035	48,620	50,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	255	130	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	98,780	48,490	50,285	99.7	99.7	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	39,870	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	32,835	...	...	82.4	...	...
Renter	7,030	...	...	17.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	39,870	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,675	...	...	19.3	...	...
Not condominium	32,190	...	...	80.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	39,870	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	2,910	...	...	7.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,375	...	...	26.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	13,625	...	...	34.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,880	...	...	32.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	39,870	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	9,630	...	...	24.2	...	...
5 rooms	4,395	...	...	11.0	...	...
6 rooms	3,960	...	...	9.9	...	...
7 rooms	5,195	...	...	13.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	16,685	...	...	41.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	39,870	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	39,730	...	...	99.6	...	...
More than one person per room	140	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	39,870	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	39,175	...	...	98.3	...	...
Not suitable	695	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	39,870	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,225	...	...	5.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,005	...	...	30.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,385	...	...	18.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,540	...	...	16.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,825	...	...	9.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,790	...	...	7.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,465	...	...	6.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,640	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	39,870	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	38,335	...	...	96.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,530	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	39,870	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	18,475	...	...	46.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,655	...	...	51.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	740	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	39,870	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	340	...	...	0.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,075	...	...	10.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,370	...	...	18.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,870	...	...	22.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,430	...	...	21.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,425	...	...	16.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,610	...	...	9.1	...	...
85 years and over	740	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	39,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	35,190	...	...	88.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,630	...	...	11.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,310	...	...	10.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	39,870	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,620	...	...	16.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,465	...	...	11.2	...	...
Not suitable only	605	...	...	1.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,325	...	...	3.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	140	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	33,245	...	...	83.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	39,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,230	...	...	3.1	...	...
Not in core need	38,265	...	...	96.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	32,820	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.7	...	...	66.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.1	...	...	8.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300	...	...	1,300	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,354	...	...	1,354	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	416,000	...	...	416,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	460,800	...	...	460,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,030	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.2	...	...	28.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.2	...	...	10.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	960	...	...	960	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,062	...	...	1,062	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	99,035	48,620	50,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	955	420	540	1.0	0.9	1.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	955	420	530	1.0	0.9	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	845	360	485	0.9	0.7	1.0
Métis single ancestry	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,110	985	1,120	2.1	2.0	2.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,085	970	1,115	2.1	2.0	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,820	825	990	1.8	1.7	2.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	270	140	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	95,965	47,210	48,760	96.9	97.1	96.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	99,030	48,620	50,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	96,150	47,155	48,995	97.1	97.0	97.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,235	10,880	10,355	21.4	22.4	20.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	74,910	36,270	38,640	75.6	74.6	76.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,885	1,470	1,420	2.9	3.0	2.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	99,030	48,620	50,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	87,230	42,745	44,490	88.1	87.9	88.3
Immigrants⁸¹	11,085	5,485	5,605	11.2	11.3	11.1
Before 1980	1,730	910	825	1.7	1.9	1.6
1980 to 1990	990	500	485	1.0	1.0	1.0
1991 to 2000	1,445	710	735	1.5	1.5	1.5
2001 to 2010	3,495	1,730	1,770	3.5	3.6	3.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,420	1,625	1,795	3.5	3.3	3.6
2011 to 2015	2,025	915	1,105	2.0	1.9	2.2
2016 to 2021	1,400	715	685	1.4	1.5	1.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	715	400	315	0.7	0.8	0.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	11,085	5,485	5,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,185	580	610	10.7	10.6	10.9
5 to 14 years	1,915	905	1,010	17.3	16.5	18.0
15 to 24 years	1,655	815	835	14.9	14.9	14.9
25 to 44 years	5,680	2,835	2,850	51.2	51.7	50.8
45 years and over	650	355	295	5.9	6.5	5.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	11,085	5,485	5,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,935	1,365	1,575	26.5	24.9	28.1
Brazil	310	160	155	2.8	2.9	2.8
Colombia	520	235	280	4.7	4.3	5.0
El Salvador	45	30	20	0.4	0.5	0.4
Guyana	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Haiti	560	215	350	5.1	3.9	6.2
Jamaica	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.3
Mexico	210	70	140	1.9	1.3	2.5
Peru	375	190	190	3.4	3.5	3.4
Trinidad and Tobago	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
United States of America	220	95	120	2.0	1.7	2.1
Other places of birth in Americas	660	355	300	6.0	6.5	5.4
Europe	3,760	1,980	1,780	33.9	36.1	31.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Croatia	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
France	1,540	840	700	13.9	15.3	12.5
Germany	80	45	35	0.7	0.8	0.6
Greece	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungary	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italy	140	105	30	1.3	1.9	0.5
Netherlands	30	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Poland	65	25	40	0.6	0.5	0.7
Portugal	185	90	95	1.7	1.6	1.7
Romania	520	270	250	4.7	4.9	4.5
Russian Federation	110	35	75	1.0	0.6	1.3
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Ukraine	140	60	80	1.3	1.1	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	160	75	85	1.4	1.4	1.5
Other places of birth in Europe	695	355	335	6.3	6.5	6.0
Africa	2,390	1,180	1,215	21.6	21.5	21.7
Algeria	635	275	360	5.7	5.0	6.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	105	35	65	0.9	0.6	1.2
Egypt	175	110	60	1.6	2.0	1.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	645	335	310	5.8	6.1	5.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	825	410	420	7.4	7.5	7.5
Asia	1,980	955	1,025	17.9	17.4	18.3
Afghanistan	225	120	105	2.0	2.2	1.9
Iran⁸⁸	75	40	35	0.7	0.7	0.6
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	230	130	100	2.1	2.4	1.8
Syria⁸⁹	95	45	50	0.9	0.8	0.9
Turkey	50	25	25	0.5	0.5	0.4
China⁹⁰	460	180	275	4.1	3.3	4.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	20	20	10	0.2	0.4	0.2
Taiwan	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Philippines	85	30	50	0.8	0.5	0.9
Viet Nam	80	40	45	0.7	0.7	0.8
Bangladesh	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
India	120	60	55	1.1	1.1	1.0
Pakistan	105	50	55	0.9	0.9	1.0
Sri Lanka	35	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	320	160	160	2.9	2.9	2.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,400	715	685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	385	200	185	27.5	28.0	27.0
Brazil	115	65	50	8.2	9.1	7.3
Colombia	100	55	45	7.1	7.7	6.6
Haiti	10	10	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	0	25	2.1	0.0	3.6
United States of America	55	30	25	3.9	4.2	3.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	15	1.4	0.0	2.2
Other places of birth in Americas	60	40	25	4.3	5.6	3.6
Europe	400	195	200	28.6	27.3	29.2
France	245	135	110	17.5	18.9	16.1
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	10	15	1.4	1.4	2.2
Ukraine	35	10	25	2.5	1.4	3.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	80	40	45	5.7	5.6	6.6
Africa	270	130	140	19.3	18.2	20.4
Algeria	45	10	30	3.2	1.4	4.4
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	45	35	0	3.2	4.9	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	15	1.4	1.4	2.2
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	70	40	35	5.0	5.6	5.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	35	10	30	2.5	1.4	4.4
Other places of birth in Africa	45	20	25	3.2	2.8	3.6
Asia	340	170	165	24.3	23.8	24.1
Afghanistan	30	10	20	2.1	1.4	2.9
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	100	40	55	7.1	5.6	8.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	55	30	25	3.9	4.2	3.6
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	15	1.4	1.4	2.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	10	0	1.4	1.4	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	35	20	15	2.5	2.8	2.2
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	40	25	20	2.9	3.5	2.9
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	99,035	48,620	50,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	12,505	6,210	6,295	12.6	12.8	12.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	9,925	4,955	4,970	10.0	10.2	9.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	76,600	37,450	39,150	77.3	77.0	77.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	9,355	4,570	4,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,160	3,190	2,970	65.8	69.8	62.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,845	1,730	1,110	30.4	37.9	23.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,315	1,460	1,860	35.4	31.9	38.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,025	830	1,195	21.6	18.2	25.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,065	515	555	11.4	11.3	11.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	100	35	60	1.1	0.8	1.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	9,355	4,570	4,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	645	280	365	6.9	6.1	7.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	925	485	435	9.9	10.6	9.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	250	135	115	2.7	3.0	2.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	480	285	195	5.1	6.2	4.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	90	30	60	1.0	0.7	1.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	6,960	3,350	3,605	74.4	73.3	75.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	99,035	48,620	50,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	10,680	5,160	5,520	10.8	10.6	10.9
South Asian	530	275	255	0.5	0.6	0.5
Chinese	1,130	480	650	1.1	1.0	1.3
Black	3,015	1,390	1,630	3.0	2.9	3.2
Filipino	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Arab	1,915	1,025	890	1.9	2.1	1.8
Latin American	2,295	1,105	1,190	2.3	2.3	2.4
Southeast Asian	525	225	300	0.5	0.5	0.6
West Asian	540	285	255	0.5	0.6	0.5
Korean	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Japanese	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	350	195	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	88,355	43,460	44,895	89.2	89.4	89.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	99,035	48,620	50,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	29,995	14,490	15,505	30.3	29.8	30.8
English	2,245	1,105	1,140	2.3	2.3	2.3
Irish	5,455	2,535	2,915	5.5	5.2	5.8
Scottish	2,255	1,125	1,130	2.3	2.3	2.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	28,915	14,605	14,310	29.2	30.0	28.4
German	1,435	700	740	1.4	1.4	1.5
Chinese	1,195	540	660	1.2	1.1	1.3
Italian	3,190	1,650	1,540	3.2	3.4	3.1
Indian (India)	425	235	190	0.4	0.5	0.4
Ukrainian	455	220	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dutch	255	125	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Polish	660	330	325	0.7	0.7	0.6
Québécois	10,945	5,345	5,600	11.1	11.0	11.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	400	210	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Filipino	170	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
French Canadian	8,430	4,135	4,295	8.5	8.5	8.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,390	645	745	1.4	1.3	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,360	630	735	1.4	1.3	1.5
Métis	390	210	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,435	765	670	1.4	1.6	1.3
Russian	515	220	295	0.5	0.5	0.6
Norwegian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	880	450	430	0.9	0.9	0.9
American	685	290	395	0.7	0.6	0.8
Spanish	915	480	435	0.9	1.0	0.9
Swedish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	260	145	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Acadian	1,065	450	610	1.1	0.9	1.2
Pakistani	135	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	495	185	315	0.5	0.4	0.6
Jewish	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	465	210	255	0.5	0.4	0.5
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	940	495	445	0.9	1.0	0.9
Greek	410	245	165	0.4	0.5	0.3
Jamaican	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	835	410	425	0.8	0.8	0.8
Lebanese	510	235	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iranian	150	85	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	760	390	370	0.8	0.8	0.7
Danish	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	265	130	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	215	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belgian	1,095	555	535	1.1	1.1	1.1
Haitian	1,345	575	775	1.4	1.2	1.5
Hindu	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	335	145	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	390	215	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
Finnish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	45	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Muslim	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	350	215	135	0.4	0.4	0.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	275	125	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	750	345	405	0.8	0.7	0.8
Moroccan	685	360	330	0.7	0.7	0.7
Czech	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	185	65	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Guyanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	355	195	160	0.4	0.4	0.3
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	135	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Serbian	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	520	220	295	0.5	0.5	0.6
Brazilian	500	225	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	135	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slovak	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	295	130	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Congolese	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	535	295	230	0.5	0.6	0.5
Yoruba	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	130	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Berber	320	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	95	25	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israeli	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	205	130	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	160	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guatemalan	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	130	85	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Coptic	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	90	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	120	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	295	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	155	60	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Saskatchewanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	225	85	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Norman	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	170	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pashtun	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	99,035	48,620	50,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	275	160	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Christian	65,610	31,285	34,325	66.2	64.3	68.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,665	2,875	2,790	5.7	5.9	5.5
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	240	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baptist	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	56,250	26,585	29,665	56.8	54.7	58.8
Christian Orthodox	1,340	685	660	1.4	1.4	1.3
Jehovah's Witness	335	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	260	115	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Presbyterian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	205	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	950	480	470	1.0	1.0	0.9
Hindu	150	85	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jewish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	3,115	1,540	1,575	3.1	3.2	3.1
Sikh	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	29,625	15,435	14,195	29.9	31.7	28.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	98,310	48,210	50,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	89,270	43,735	45,540	90.8	90.7	90.9
Movers	9,040	4,475	4,565	9.2	9.3	9.1
Non-migrants	3,585	1,765	1,825	3.6	3.7	3.6
Migrants	5,460	2,715	2,740	5.6	5.6	5.5
Internal migrants	5,250	2,590	2,655	5.3	5.4	5.3
Intraprovincial migrants	5,145	2,535	2,610	5.2	5.3	5.2
Interprovincial migrants	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	210	125	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	94,485	46,160	48,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	63,475	31,060	32,415	67.2	67.3	67.1
Movers	31,005	15,095	15,910	32.8	32.7	32.9
Non-migrants	9,260	4,440	4,820	9.8	9.6	10.0
Migrants	21,745	10,655	11,095	23.0	23.1	23.0
Internal migrants	20,045	9,790	10,255	21.2	21.2	21.2
Intraprovincial migrants	19,655	9,585	10,070	20.8	20.8	20.8
Interprovincial migrants	390	205	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
External migrants	1,705	865	840	1.8	1.9	1.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	81,280	39,500	41,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,750	5,665	5,080	13.2	14.3	12.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	70,530	33,830	36,700	86.8	85.6	87.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,540	25,490	27,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,770	2,280	1,490	7.2	8.9	5.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	48,770	23,210	25,560	92.8	91.1	94.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	81,285	39,500	41,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,465	4,725	4,735	11.6	12.0	11.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,255	7,720	8,535	20.0	19.5	20.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55,560	27,050	28,505	68.4	68.5	68.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30,360	15,425	14,935	37.4	39.1	35.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,380	6,375	4,000	12.8	16.1	9.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,530	4,015	3,505	9.3	10.2	8.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,855	2,360	495	3.5	6.0	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,910	7,295	8,615	19.6	18.5	20.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,075	1,755	2,320	5.0	4.4	5.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	25,200	11,630	13,570	31.0	29.4	32.5
Bachelor's degree	16,395	7,400	9,000	20.2	18.7	21.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,455	1,095	1,360	3.0	2.8	3.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	450	200	255	0.6	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	5,160	2,570	2,590	6.3	6.5	6.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	745	370	370	0.9	0.9	0.9
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,540	25,490	27,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,915	1,665	1,245	5.5	6.5	4.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,355	3,620	3,735	14.0	14.2	13.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,270	20,205	22,070	80.5	79.3	81.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,365	10,915	10,445	40.7	42.8	38.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,710	4,655	3,055	14.7	18.3	11.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,555	2,895	2,660	10.6	11.4	9.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,155	1,755	395	4.1	6.9	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,785	5,015	5,775	20.5	19.7	21.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,870	1,245	1,620	5.5	4.9	6.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,910	9,290	11,620	39.8	36.4	43.0
Bachelor's degree	13,495	6,010	7,480	25.7	23.6	27.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,050	830	1,215	3.9	3.3	4.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	370	140	235	0.7	0.5	0.9
Master's degree	4,400	2,050	2,350	8.4	8.0	8.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	595	250	340	1.1	1.0	1.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	81,280	39,505	41,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	25,725	12,450	13,270	31.6	31.5	31.8
Education	3,970	810	3,160	4.9	2.1	7.6
13. Education	3,970	810	3,160	4.9	2.1	7.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,200	1,000	1,200	2.7	2.5	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	415	285	130	0.5	0.7	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	1,785	715	1,065	2.2	1.8	2.5
Humanities	2,975	1,110	1,865	3.7	2.8	4.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	445	100	345	0.5	0.3	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,680	685	995	2.1	1.7	2.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	100	75	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	205	90	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	345	85	255	0.4	0.2	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,580	1,825	3,755	6.9	4.6	9.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	975	305	670	1.2	0.8	1.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	835	75	765	1.0	0.2	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	1,215	425	790	1.5	1.1	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	115	35	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	815	190	630	1.0	0.5	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,560	795	770	1.9	2.0	1.8
Business, management and public administration	14,800	6,195	8,605	18.2	15.7	20.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	635	125	505	0.8	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,150	6,065	8,080	17.4	15.4	19.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,210	1,235	975	2.7	3.1	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	720	300	415	0.9	0.8	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	350	215	145	0.4	0.5	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	345	165	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
40. Physical sciences	615	450	160	0.8	1.1	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	180	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,715	1,950	760	3.3	4.9	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,300	1,795	510	2.8	4.5	1.2
25. Library science	185	25	160	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	195	110	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,900	9,570	1,320	13.4	24.2	3.2
04. Architecture and related services	460	250	210	0.6	0.6	0.5
14. Engineering	3,395	2,760	630	4.2	7.0	1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,270	1,985	290	2.8	5.0	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,000	1,925	75	2.5	4.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,690	1,635	60	2.1	4.1	0.1
48. Precision production	1,075	1,020	50	1.3	2.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	785	395	390	1.0	1.0	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	590	275	315	0.7	0.7	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	195	120	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	6,200	1,115	5,080	7.6	2.8	12.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	505	250	255	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,590	820	4,770	6.9	2.1	11.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,225	1,840	1,380	4.0	4.7	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,490	395	1,100	1.8	1.0	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	995	780	220	1.2	2.0	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	710	640	70	0.9	1.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	52,540	25,490	27,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	10,265	5,285	4,985	19.5	20.7	18.4
Education	2,780	525	2,250	5.3	2.1	8.3
13. Education	2,780	525	2,250	5.3	2.1	8.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,670	755	920	3.2	3.0	3.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	330	215	110	0.6	0.8	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	1,345	530	810	2.6	2.1	3.0
Humanities	1,785	655	1,125	3.4	2.6	4.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	320	60	255	0.6	0.2	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	85	20	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	855	375	485	1.6	1.5	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	145	70	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	235	50	180	0.4	0.2	0.7
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,415	1,380	3,040	8.4	5.4	11.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	805	245	560	1.5	1.0	2.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	675	50	625	1.3	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	965	315	650	1.8	1.2	2.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	30	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	615	100	515	1.2	0.4	1.9
45. Social sciences	1,230	630	590	2.3	2.5	2.2
Business, management and public administration	11,585	4,645	6,940	22.0	18.2	25.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	505	95	415	1.0	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,065	4,555	6,515	21.1	17.9	24.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,390	745	640	2.6	2.9	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	635	250	390	1.2	1.0	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	165	115	50	0.3	0.5	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	410	285	130	0.8	1.1	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	65	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,305	1,665	640	4.4	6.5	2.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,025	1,575	450	3.9	6.2	1.7
25. Library science	135	20	115	0.3	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	120	50	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,440	7,240	1,200	16.1	28.4	4.4
04. Architecture and related services	375	195	175	0.7	0.8	0.6
14. Engineering	2,915	2,315	595	5.5	9.1	2.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,645	1,405	245	3.1	5.5	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,500	1,425	70	2.9	5.6	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,245	1,190	55	2.4	4.7	0.2
48. Precision production	760	710	50	1.4	2.8	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	695	335	355	1.3	1.3	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	535	245	295	1.0	1.0	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	160	95	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	4,685	840	3,845	8.9	3.3	14.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	400	195	205	0.8	0.8	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,190	610	3,585	8.0	2.4	13.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,505	1,410	1,095	4.8	5.5	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,120	280	840	2.1	1.1	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	810	620	190	1.5	2.4	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	575	510	65	1.1	2.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	52,540	25,490	27,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,265	5,285	4,985	19.5	20.7	18.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	42,270	20,205	22,065	80.5	79.3	81.6
Location of study inside Canada	38,280	18,150	20,125	72.9	71.2	74.4
Same as province or territory of residence	37,525	17,775	19,750	71.4	69.7	73.0
Different than province or territory of residence	750	375	375	1.4	1.5	1.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,995	2,055	1,940	7.6	8.1	7.2
Americas	1,110	540	570	2.1	2.1	2.1
United States of America	220	125	100	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mexico	85	30	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuba	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	220	110	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Colombia	220	110	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Peru	145	65	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,780	980	800	3.4	3.8	3.0
Belgium	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	970	545	420	1.8	2.1	1.6
Germany	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	120	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Poland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	220	120	100	0.4	0.5	0.4
Russian Federation	20	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	90	35	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	95	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Africa	630	325	305	1.2	1.3	1.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	255	135	115	0.5	0.5	0.4
Morocco	170	85	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tunisia	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	115	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	450	190	260	0.9	0.7	1.0
Iran⁸⁸	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	185	75	115	0.4	0.3	0.4
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Australia	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	81,285	39,500	41,780	...	...	...
In the labour force	56,065	28,260	27,805	...	...	...
Employed	53,125	26,790	26,345	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,935	1,470	1,465	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	25,220	11,245	13,975	...	...	...
Participation rate	69.0	71.5	66.6	69.0	71.5	66.6
Employment rate	65.4	67.8	63.1	65.4	67.8	63.1
Unemployment rate	5.2	5.2	5.3	5.2	5.2	5.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	81,280	39,505	41,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	23,535	10,315	13,220	29.0	26.1	31.6
Worked	57,745	29,185	28,560	71.0	73.9	68.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	32,935	17,605	15,330	40.5	44.6	36.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,810	11,580	13,235	30.5	29.3	31.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.7	43.1	42.2	42.7	43.1	42.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	56,060	28,255	27,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	760	365	395	1.4	1.3	1.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	55,300	27,890	27,410	98.6	98.7	98.6
Employee	49,010	24,175	24,830	87.4	85.6	89.3
Permanent position	41,865	21,050	20,815	74.7	74.5	74.9
Temporary position	7,145	3,125	4,015	12.7	11.1	14.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,390	985	1,405	4.3	3.5	5.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,760	2,140	2,615	8.5	7.6	9.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,290	3,710	2,580	11.2	13.1	9.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	56,060	28,255	27,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	760	365	395	1.4	1.3	1.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	55,300	27,890	27,410	98.6	98.7	98.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,760	1,255	500	3.1	4.4	1.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,010	4,025	7,985	21.4	14.2	28.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,290	4,865	1,420	11.2	17.2	5.1
3 Health occupations	4,180	690	3,485	7.5	2.4	12.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,480	2,220	5,260	13.3	7.9	18.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,940	975	960	3.5	3.5	3.5
6 Sales and service occupations	12,675	5,985	6,690	22.6	21.2	24.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,915	6,310	605	12.3	22.3	2.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	460	365	100	0.8	1.3	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,595	1,195	405	2.8	4.2	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	56,060	28,255	27,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	760	365	395	1.4	1.3	1.4
All industries¹⁹¹	55,300	27,890	27,410	98.6	98.7	98.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	300	170	130	0.5	0.6	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	150	115	30	0.3	0.4	0.1
22 Utilities	935	615	320	1.7	2.2	1.2
23 Construction	3,415	2,765	655	6.1	9.8	2.4
31-33 Manufacturing	5,050	3,475	1,575	9.0	12.3	5.7
41 Wholesale trade	1,935	1,265	675	3.5	4.5	2.4
44-45 Retail trade	6,880	3,400	3,480	12.3	12.0	12.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,295	1,735	560	4.1	6.1	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,730	1,050	685	3.1	3.7	2.5
52 Finance and insurance	3,435	1,505	1,930	6.1	5.3	6.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	770	370	395	1.4	1.3	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,525	3,400	2,125	9.9	12.0	7.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,670	1,055	615	3.0	3.7	2.2
61 Educational services	4,740	1,255	3,485	8.5	4.4	12.5
62 Health care and social assistance	6,975	1,210	5,760	12.4	4.3	20.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	980	495	485	1.7	1.8	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	2,680	1,325	1,355	4.8	4.7	4.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,970	835	1,140	3.5	3.0	4.1
91 Public administration	3,740	1,795	1,945	6.7	6.4	7.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	60,000	30,325	29,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,925	1,160	765	3.2	3.8	2.6
French	39,040	18,700	20,340	65.1	61.7	68.5
Non-official language	30	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	30	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	18,320	10,105	8,220	30.5	33.3	27.7
English and non-official language(s)	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	475	240	235	0.8	0.8	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	60,000	30,325	29,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	57,025	28,725	28,300	95.0	94.7	95.4
Official languages	56,925	28,680	28,245	94.9	94.6	95.2
English	5,125	3,055	2,075	8.5	10.1	7.0
French	51,790	25,630	26,165	86.3	84.5	88.2
Non-official languages	100	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	100	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,975	1,600	1,375	5.0	5.3	4.6
English and French	2,800	1,505	1,290	4.7	5.0	4.3
English and non-official language(s)	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	60,000	30,325	29,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	43,845	21,425	22,420	73.1	70.7	75.6
English	12,560	6,820	5,740	20.9	22.5	19.3
French	3,115	1,830	1,285	5.2	6.0	4.3
Non-official language	160	85	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	160	85	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and French	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	190	90	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	85	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	53,125	26,785	26,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	14,895	7,205	7,695	28.0	26.9	29.2
Worked outside Canada	75	50	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,415	3,300	1,115	8.3	12.3	4.2
Usual place of work	33,740	16,235	17,505	63.5	60.6	66.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,740	16,235	17,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	9,580	3,915	5,660	28.4	24.1	32.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,145	2,335	2,815	15.2	14.4	16.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	18,945	9,930	9,015	56.1	61.2	51.5
Commute to a different province or territory	75	60	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	38,150	19,530	18,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	33,005	17,250	15,760	86.5	88.3	84.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	31,290	16,595	14,695	82.0	85.0	78.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,715	660	1,055	4.5	3.4	5.7
Public transit	2,695	1,080	1,610	7.1	5.5	8.6
Walked	1,450	635	820	3.8	3.3	4.4
Bicycle	445	300	145	1.2	1.5	0.8
Other method	555	265	290	1.5	1.4	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	38,150	19,530	18,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,735	4,380	5,360	25.5	22.4	28.8
15 to 29 minutes	15,000	7,450	7,550	39.3	38.1	40.5
30 to 44 minutes	8,215	4,715	3,505	21.5	24.1	18.8
45 to 59 minutes	2,925	1,755	1,175	7.7	9.0	6.3
60 minutes and over	2,280	1,235	1,040	6.0	6.3	5.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	38,150	19,530	18,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,955	2,380	575	7.7	12.2	3.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,260	4,015	2,250	16.4	20.6	12.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,210	4,960	6,255	29.4	25.4	33.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,935	3,310	4,625	20.8	16.9	24.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,270	1,815	2,460	11.2	9.3	13.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,515	3,060	2,455	14.5	15.7	13.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,270	11,400	10,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,035	1,595	1,440	13.6	14.0	13.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,235	9,805	9,430	86.4	86.0	86.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,245	8,755	8,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,370	1,245	1,130	13.7	14.2	13.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,750	915	830	10.1	10.5	9.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	620	325	295	3.6	3.7	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,875	7,510	7,365	86.3	85.8	86.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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