Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Mont-Saint-Bruno--L’AcadieMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	111,320	54,570	56,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20,165	10,320	9,840	18.1	18.9	17.3
0 to 4 years	5,400	2,845	2,555	4.9	5.2	4.5
5 to 9 years	7,020	3,555	3,465	6.3	6.5	6.1
10 to 14 years	7,740	3,920	3,820	7.0	7.2	6.7
15 to 64 years	71,365	35,180	36,185	64.1	64.5	63.8
15 to 19 years	7,155	3,645	3,500	6.4	6.7	6.2
20 to 24 years	5,510	2,870	2,645	4.9	5.3	4.7
25 to 29 years	4,985	2,485	2,500	4.5	4.6	4.4
30 to 34 years	5,780	2,775	3,000	5.2	5.1	5.3
35 to 39 years	7,015	3,400	3,615	6.3	6.2	6.4
40 to 44 years	8,375	4,005	4,365	7.5	7.3	7.7
45 to 49 years	8,430	4,115	4,310	7.6	7.5	7.6
50 to 54 years	8,105	4,055	4,055	7.3	7.4	7.1
55 to 59 years	8,470	4,150	4,315	7.6	7.6	7.6
60 to 64 years	7,555	3,670	3,880	6.8	6.7	6.8
65 years and over	19,790	9,070	10,720	17.8	16.6	18.9
65 to 69 years	6,205	2,980	3,230	5.6	5.5	5.7
70 to 74 years	5,455	2,415	3,040	4.9	4.4	5.4
75 to 79 years	4,125	1,970	2,155	3.7	3.6	3.8
80 to 84 years	2,280	1,045	1,240	2.0	1.9	2.2
85 years and over	1,715	655	1,060	1.5	1.2	1.9
85 to 89 years	1,100	475	625	1.0	0.9	1.1
90 to 94 years	505	160	345	0.5	0.3	0.6
95 to 99 years	105	25	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.1	18.9	17.3	18.1	18.9	17.3
15 to 64 years	64.1	64.5	63.8	64.1	64.5	63.8
65 years and over	17.8	16.6	18.9	17.8	16.6	18.9
85 years and over	1.5	1.2	1.9	1.5	1.2	1.9
Average age of the population	41.5	40.6	42.3	41.5	40.6	42.3
Median age of the population	43.2	42.4	43.6	43.2	42.4	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	43,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	28,005	...	...	64.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,185	...	...	5.0	...	...
Row house	665	...	...	1.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,010	...	...	2.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	11,355	...	...	25.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	160	...	...	0.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	205	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	200	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	43,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,575	...	...	24.1	...	...
2 persons	15,560	...	...	35.5	...	...
3 persons	6,885	...	...	15.7	...	...
4 persons	7,530	...	...	17.2	...	...
5 or more persons	3,235	...	...	7.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	109,820	54,040	55,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	91,150	44,245	46,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	57,655	28,815	28,845	63.3	65.1	61.5
Married	33,070	16,530	16,545	36.3	37.4	35.3
Living common-law	24,585	12,290	12,295	27.0	27.8	26.2
Living common law - Never married	19,960	9,905	10,060	21.9	22.4	21.4
Living common law - Separated	210	115	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	3,985	2,080	1,900	4.4	4.7	4.1
Living common law - Widowed	425	190	235	0.5	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	33,495	15,435	18,060	36.7	34.9	38.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,825	12,460	11,365	26.1	28.2	24.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	990	415	570	1.1	0.9	1.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,955	1,710	3,245	5.4	3.9	6.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,730	845	2,885	4.1	1.9	6.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,945	...	...	48.5	...	...
3 persons	6,815	...	...	20.7	...	...
4 persons	7,445	...	...	22.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,695	...	...	8.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,350	...	...	86.2	...	...
Married couples	16,080	...	...	48.9	...	...
With children⁶	7,815	...	...	23.8	...	...
Without children	8,265	...	...	25.1	...	...
Common-law couples	12,270	...	...	37.3	...	...
With children⁶	7,120	...	...	21.6	...	...
Without children	5,150	...	...	15.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,550	...	...	13.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,205	...	...	9.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,345	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	109,820	54,040	55,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	96,300	48,130	48,170	87.7	89.1	86.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	56,700	28,340	28,355	51.6	52.4	50.8
Parents in one-parent families	4,550	1,340	3,210	4.1	2.5	5.8
Children⁶	35,055	18,450	16,610	31.9	34.1	29.8
In a two-parent family	27,975	14,685	13,290	25.5	27.2	23.8
In a one-parent family	7,075	3,760	3,320	6.4	7.0	6.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	13,525	5,915	7,610	12.3	10.9	13.6
Living alone	10,575	4,495	6,080	9.6	8.3	10.9
Living with other relatives⁷	1,505	605	895	1.4	1.1	1.6
Living with non-relatives only	1,440	805	630	1.3	1.5	1.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	43,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	30,935	...	...	70.7	...	...
Couple-family households	26,890	...	...	61.4	...	...
With children⁶	14,205	...	...	32.4	...	...
Without children	12,685	...	...	29.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,045	...	...	9.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	680	...	...	1.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	155	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	705	...	...	1.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	735	...	...	1.7	...	...
One-person households	10,575	...	...	24.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	89,665	43,725	45,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,460	42,670	44,790	97.5	97.6	97.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,200	59,200	44,800	51,200	59,200	44,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,495	42,685	44,815	97.6	97.6	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	49,200	39,200	44,000	49,200	39,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,035	41,085	41,950	92.6	94.0	91.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	54,000	36,400	44,400	54,000	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,225	34,685	33,540	76.1	79.3	73.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	55,600	41,200	47,600	55,600	41,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,690	28,740	36,950	73.3	65.7	80.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,700	9,000	10,200	9,700	9,000	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,485	4,095	4,390	9.5	9.4	9.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,160	5,880	5,480	5,160	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,625	11,635	10,990	25.2	26.6	23.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	7,500	6,500	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	89,700	43,760	45,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,400	42,645	44,755	97.4	97.5	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,300	75,500	53,700	64,300	75,500	53,700
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,420	42,650	44,770	97.5	97.5	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,600	57,650	43,880	50,600	57,650	43,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,015	41,125	41,890	92.5	94.0	91.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,750	70,800	46,960	58,750	70,800	46,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,290	34,615	33,675	76.1	79.1	73.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,300	68,900	49,480	59,300	68,900	49,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,040	29,005	37,040	73.6	66.3	80.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,260	10,620	11,770	11,260	10,620	11,770
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,435	4,160	4,280	9.4	9.5	9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,830	6,070	9,530	7,830	6,070	9,530
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,755	11,600	11,150	25.4	26.5	24.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,620	7,280	7,960	7,620	7,280	7,960
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	89,700	43,760	45,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	36,085	19,300	16,785	40.2	44.1	36.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	75,000	82,000	66,500	75,000	82,000	66,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	87,300	98,800	74,100	87,300	98,800	74,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,190	12,075	14,110	29.2	27.6	30.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	20,000	18,200	18,800	20,000	18,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,120	35,280	27,560	31,120	35,280	27,560
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.8	90.4	81.8	86.8	90.4	81.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	72.0	74.0	69.2	72.0	74.0	69.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.2	9.6	18.2	13.2	9.6	18.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.8	1.7	1.2	0.8	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.6	2.9	4.4	3.6	2.9	4.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.1	2.6	3.7	3.1	2.6	3.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	89,665	43,725	45,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,205	1,050	1,155	2.5	2.4	2.5
With total income	87,460	42,670	44,790	97.5	97.6	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,820	2,515	3,305	6.7	5.9	7.4
$10,000 to $19,999	8,285	3,090	5,195	9.5	7.2	11.6
$20,000 to $29,999	10,445	4,210	6,235	11.9	9.9	13.9
$30,000 to $39,999	8,685	3,680	5,005	9.9	8.6	11.2
$40,000 to $49,999	9,370	4,145	5,220	10.7	9.7	11.7
$50,000 to $59,999	8,440	4,010	4,435	9.7	9.4	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	7,295	3,705	3,585	8.3	8.7	8.0
$70,000 to $79,999	6,010	3,190	2,815	6.9	7.5	6.3
$80,000 to $89,999	5,425	2,855	2,570	6.2	6.7	5.7
$90,000 to $99,999	3,985	2,200	1,785	4.6	5.2	4.0
$100,000 and over	13,705	9,080	4,635	15.7	21.3	10.3
$100,000 to $149,999	9,150	5,740	3,405	10.5	13.5	7.6
$150,000 and over	4,555	3,330	1,225	5.2	7.8	2.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	89,665	43,725	45,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,170	1,035	1,125	2.4	2.4	2.5
With after-tax income	87,500	42,685	44,815	97.6	97.6	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,435	2,645	3,785	7.3	6.2	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	8,880	3,345	5,535	10.1	7.8	12.4
$20,000 to $29,999	12,185	5,010	7,175	13.9	11.7	16.0
$30,000 to $39,999	11,470	5,035	6,435	13.1	11.8	14.4
$40,000 to $49,999	11,885	5,720	6,165	13.6	13.4	13.8
$50,000 to $59,999	9,985	5,125	4,860	11.4	12.0	10.9
$60,000 to $69,999	8,175	4,410	3,770	9.3	10.3	8.4
$70,000 to $79,999	5,835	3,100	2,735	6.7	7.3	6.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,870	2,325	1,545	4.4	5.4	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,630	1,660	975	3.0	3.9	2.2
$100,000 and over	6,140	4,305	1,830	7.0	10.1	4.1
$100,000 to $124,999	3,165	2,100	1,065	3.6	4.9	2.4
$125,000 and over	2,975	2,210	765	3.4	5.2	1.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	89,665	43,725	45,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	21,440	9,040	12,400	23.9	20.7	27.0
With employment income	68,225	34,685	33,540	76.1	79.3	73.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,190	4,120	4,075	12.0	11.9	12.1
$5,000 to $9,999	4,885	2,210	2,675	7.2	6.4	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	6,895	2,970	3,925	10.1	8.6	11.7
$20,000 to $29,999	5,040	2,145	2,900	7.4	6.2	8.6
$30,000 to $39,999	4,900	2,135	2,770	7.2	6.2	8.3
$40,000 to $49,999	5,470	2,390	3,080	8.0	6.9	9.2
$50,000 to $59,999	5,260	2,505	2,760	7.7	7.2	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	4,780	2,460	2,320	7.0	7.1	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	4,375	2,305	2,070	6.4	6.7	6.2
$80,000 to $89,999	4,380	2,225	2,160	6.4	6.4	6.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,935	1,750	1,180	4.3	5.0	3.5
$100,000 and over	11,095	7,470	3,625	16.3	21.5	10.8
$100,000 to $124,999	4,945	3,120	1,825	7.2	9.0	5.4
$125,000 and over	6,155	4,355	1,800	9.0	12.6	5.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	89,665	43,725	45,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,650	41,735	43,915	95.5	95.4	95.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,400	59,200	43,600	50,400	59,200	43,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,705	41,740	43,960	95.6	95.5	95.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	49,200	37,600	42,800	49,200	37,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,505	40,390	41,115	90.9	92.4	89.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	56,000	38,000	45,600	56,000	38,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,935	34,520	33,420	75.8	78.9	72.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,400	57,200	42,000	48,400	57,200	42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,320	24,695	33,625	65.0	56.5	73.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,500	4,600	7,650	6,500	4,600	7,650
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,920	4,010	3,910	8.8	9.2	8.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,680	3,880	6,160	4,680	3,880	6,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	89,700	43,760	45,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,775	41,850	43,925	95.6	95.6	95.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	62,450	74,500	50,920	62,450	74,500	50,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,820	41,850	43,970	95.7	95.6	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,800	56,450	41,480	48,800	56,450	41,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,630	40,465	41,160	91.0	92.5	89.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,350	72,200	46,720	59,350	72,200	46,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,185	34,565	33,625	76.0	79.0	73.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,450	69,800	48,720	59,450	69,800	48,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,445	24,760	33,690	65.2	56.6	73.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,770	7,980	9,340	8,770	7,980	9,340
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,975	4,145	3,830	8.9	9.5	8.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,390	5,000	9,980	7,390	5,000	9,980
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	89,700	43,760	45,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	35,925	19,215	16,715	40.1	43.9	36.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,500	80,000	61,600	70,500	80,000	61,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	82,500	94,500	68,600	82,500	94,500	68,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,765	11,400	13,370	27.6	26.1	29.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	27,200	22,000	24,000	27,200	22,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,400	43,480	32,240	37,400	43,480	32,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.4	93.6	86.0	90.4	93.6	86.0
Employment income (%)	75.6	77.4	73.2	75.6	77.4	73.2
Government transfers (%)	9.6	6.3	14.1	9.6	6.3	14.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.7	1.7	1.1	0.7	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	43,785	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,575	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,400	...	...	50,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...	42,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,210	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	43,755	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	128,600	...	...	128,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	101,100	...	...	101,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,520	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,520	...	...	47,520	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,240	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	150,600	...	...	150,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	43,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	170	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	195	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	325	...	...	0.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,050	...	...	2.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	895	...	...	2.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	850	...	...	1.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,100	...	...	2.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,320	...	...	3.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,255	...	...	2.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,675	...	...	6.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,735	...	...	6.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,730	...	...	6.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,600	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,535	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	23,270	...	...	53.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,540	...	...	12.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,695	...	...	10.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,360	...	...	14.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	6,675	...	...	15.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	43,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	225	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	110	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	200	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	355	...	...	0.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,155	...	...	2.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,110	...	...	2.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,165	...	...	2.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,515	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,660	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,640	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,430	...	...	7.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,535	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,290	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,085	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,020	...	...	6.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,285	...	...	41.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,240	...	...	14.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,570	...	...	10.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	7,480	...	...	17.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,695	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,760	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,995	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	164,000	...	...	164,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,385	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	12,015	5,305	6,715	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,800	54,800	44,800	48,800	54,800	44,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	45,600	39,200	42,000	45,600	39,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,740	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	150,800	...	...	150,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,100	...	...	118,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,740	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	120,500	...	...	120,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,035	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	191,200	...	...	191,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,200	...	...	147,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,435	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	101,800	...	...	101,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,800	...	...	82,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	11,960	5,400	6,560	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	57,250	63,250	52,300	57,250	63,250	52,300
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,440	50,480	43,120	46,440	50,480	43,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	109,820	54,040	55,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,595	12,575	12,020	22.4	23.3	21.5
0 to 5 years	6,745	3,515	3,230	6.1	6.5	5.8
18 to 64 years	66,855	32,885	33,965	60.9	60.9	60.9
65 years and over	18,375	8,580	9,795	16.7	15.9	17.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,860	2,045	2,815	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	855	460	400	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	215	115	105	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,265	1,075	1,190	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,740	510	1,225	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.4	3.8	5.1	4.4	3.8	5.1
0 to 17 years (%)	3.5	3.7	3.3	3.5	3.7	3.3
0 to 5 years (%)	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.3
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.3	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.5
65 years and over (%)	9.5	6.0	12.5	9.5	6.0	12.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	109,820	54,040	55,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,595	12,575	12,020	22.4	23.3	21.5
0 to 5 years	6,745	3,515	3,230	6.1	6.5	5.8
18 to 64 years	66,855	32,885	33,965	60.9	60.9	60.9
65 years and over	18,375	8,580	9,795	16.7	15.9	17.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,285	1,070	1,215	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	415	220	190	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	115	65	50	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,415	710	705	...	...	...
65 years and over	460	140	320	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.1	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.0	2.2
0 to 17 years (%)	1.7	1.8	1.6	1.7	1.8	1.6
0 to 5 years (%)	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.7
18 to 64 years (%)	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.1	2.2	2.1
65 years and over (%)	2.5	1.6	3.2	2.5	1.6	3.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	109,820	54,040	55,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	38,295	17,845	20,455	34.9	33.0	36.7
In bottom decile	3,895	1,685	2,215	3.5	3.1	4.0
In second decile	5,890	2,565	3,325	5.4	4.7	6.0
In third decile	7,745	3,610	4,135	7.1	6.7	7.4
In fourth decile	9,460	4,490	4,970	8.6	8.3	8.9
In fifth decile	11,310	5,495	5,810	10.3	10.2	10.4
In top half of the distribution	71,525	36,200	35,325	65.1	67.0	63.3
In sixth decile	12,940	6,415	6,525	11.8	11.9	11.7
In seventh decile	14,100	7,100	7,000	12.8	13.1	12.5
In eighth decile	14,905	7,550	7,350	13.6	14.0	13.2
In ninth decile	15,015	7,635	7,380	13.7	14.1	13.2
In top decile	14,570	7,505	7,070	13.3	13.9	12.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	109,820	...	...	109,820	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.306	...	...	0.306	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.386	...	...	0.386	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.258	...	...	0.258	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	110,195	54,150	56,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	1,760	910	850	1.6	1.7	1.5
French only	44,225	19,785	24,440	40.1	36.5	43.6
English and French	63,745	33,240	30,505	57.8	61.4	54.4
Neither English nor French	465	215	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	110,195	54,150	56,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	7,105	3,630	3,475	6.4	6.7	6.2
French	99,045	48,460	50,585	89.9	89.5	90.3
English and French	3,605	1,865	1,740	3.3	3.4	3.1
Neither English nor French	440	195	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	110,195	54,150	56,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	106,940	52,495	54,445	97.0	96.9	97.1
Official languages	97,105	47,705	49,400	88.1	88.1	88.1
English	4,935	2,525	2,410	4.5	4.7	4.3
French	92,170	45,175	46,995	83.6	83.4	83.9
Non-official languages	9,835	4,790	5,040	8.9	8.8	9.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,830	4,790	5,040	8.9	8.8	9.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,710	885	820	1.6	1.6	1.5
Berber languages	215	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	200	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,475	770	705	1.3	1.4	1.3
Amharic	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,460	760	700	1.3	1.4	1.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	215	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	165	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	125	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Merina	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	420	195	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian Creole	265	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,120	3,010	3,110	5.6	5.6	5.5
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	890	400	495	0.8	0.7	0.9
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	885	395	490	0.8	0.7	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	475	195	280	0.4	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	200	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	885	470	420	0.8	0.9	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	700	370	330	0.6	0.7	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	675	355	320	0.6	0.7	0.6
Dari	510	270	240	0.5	0.5	0.4
Iranian Persian	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,990	1,970	2,020	3.6	3.6	3.6
Catalan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	320	190	135	0.3	0.4	0.2
Portuguese	585	290	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	740	355	390	0.7	0.7	0.7
Spanish	2,340	1,135	1,210	2.1	2.1	2.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	705	320	385	0.6	0.6	0.7
Chinese languages	705	320	385	0.6	0.6	0.7
Hakka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	490	215	275	0.4	0.4	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	175	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,260	1,655	1,600	3.0	3.1	2.9
English and French	1,825	955	865	1.7	1.8	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	210	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	920	445	480	0.8	0.8	0.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	225	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	110,195	54,150	56,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	4,015	2,050	1,965	3.6	3.8	3.5
French	88,375	43,185	45,190	80.2	79.8	80.6
Non-official language	2,720	1,345	1,375	2.5	2.5	2.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,720	1,345	1,375	2.5	2.5	2.5
English and French	7,440	3,820	3,615	6.8	7.1	6.5
English and non-official language(s)	800	405	390	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	4,035	1,950	2,085	3.7	3.6	3.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,690	1,340	1,350	2.4	2.5	2.4
Multiple non-official languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	110,195	54,150	56,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	106,435	52,300	54,130	96.6	96.6	96.6
Official languages	101,325	49,815	51,505	92.0	92.0	91.9
English	6,060	3,130	2,935	5.5	5.8	5.2
French	95,260	46,690	48,575	86.4	86.2	86.7
Non-official languages	5,115	2,490	2,625	4.6	4.6	4.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,115	2,490	2,625	4.6	4.6	4.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	615	305	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Berber languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	545	265	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	540	270	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Haitian Creole	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,485	1,705	1,780	3.2	3.1	3.2
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	505	245	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	505	245	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	355	165	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	585	290	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	485	245	240	0.4	0.5	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	455	225	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	325	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian Persian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,310	1,135	1,180	2.1	2.1	2.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	305	160	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	500	240	255	0.5	0.4	0.5
Spanish	1,480	725	755	1.3	1.3	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	515	250	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	515	250	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	400	195	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,765	1,850	1,915	3.4	3.4	3.4
English and French	1,900	945	955	1.7	1.7	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	265	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	1,215	590	625	1.1	1.1	1.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	365	165	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	110,195	54,150	56,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	98,205	48,105	50,100	89.1	88.8	89.4
English	4,890	2,495	2,390	4.4	4.6	4.3
French	2,740	1,365	1,380	2.5	2.5	2.5
Non-official language	2,390	1,180	1,210	2.2	2.2	2.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,385	1,180	1,210	2.2	2.2	2.2
English and French	615	310	300	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	795	405	390	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	390	200	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	109,835	54,075	55,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	109,420	53,855	55,570	99.6	99.6	99.7
English	65,400	34,100	31,300	59.5	63.1	56.1
French	107,755	52,950	54,805	98.1	97.9	98.3
Non-official languages	17,260	8,230	9,025	15.7	15.2	16.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,245	8,225	9,020	15.7	15.2	16.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,800	1,345	1,455	2.5	2.5	2.6
Berber languages	420	195	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kabyle	375	160	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Tamazight	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,550	1,245	1,305	2.3	2.3	2.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,470	1,210	1,260	2.2	2.2	2.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	250	100	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	190	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	200	80	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	55	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	1,100	510	590	1.0	0.9	1.1
Haitian Creole	835	375	455	0.8	0.7	0.8
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	190	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,670	5,605	6,060	10.6	10.4	10.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	1,210	585	635	1.1	1.1	1.1
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,200	575	620	1.1	1.1	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	835	355	480	0.8	0.7	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	100	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	40	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	625	325	305	0.6	0.6	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	505	265	240	0.5	0.5	0.4
German	495	260	235	0.5	0.5	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	195	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	1,145	595	550	1.0	1.1	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	405	205	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	180	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	240	130	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	865	455	410	0.8	0.8	0.7
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	780	405	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
Dari	630	320	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iranian Persian	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	8,945	4,220	4,725	8.1	7.8	8.5
Catalan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,035	495	540	0.9	0.9	1.0
Portuguese	1,090	580	505	1.0	1.1	0.9
Romanian	995	475	520	0.9	0.9	0.9
Spanish	6,405	2,955	3,450	5.8	5.5	6.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	455	225	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	35	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	905	415	495	0.8	0.8	0.9
Chinese languages	905	415	495	0.8	0.8	0.9
Hakka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	680	310	375	0.6	0.6	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	295	135	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	80	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	109,830	54,075	55,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,225	565	655	1.1	1.0	1.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,150	530	625	1.0	1.0	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	665	325	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Métis	485	205	280	0.4	0.4	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	70	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	108,610	53,505	55,105	98.9	98.9	98.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	109,830	54,075	55,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	270	140	140	0.2	0.3	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	109,560	53,935	55,620	99.8	99.7	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	43,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	36,395	...	...	83.2	...	...
Renter	7,360	...	...	16.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	43,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	8,085	...	...	18.5	...	...
Not condominium	35,675	...	...	81.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	43,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	3,120	...	...	7.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,005	...	...	25.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,105	...	...	34.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,445	...	...	33.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	43,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,105	...	...	23.1	...	...
5 rooms	4,790	...	...	10.9	...	...
6 rooms	4,375	...	...	10.0	...	...
7 rooms	5,640	...	...	12.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	18,860	...	...	43.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.0	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	43,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	43,590	...	...	99.6	...	...
More than one person per room	170	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	43,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	42,995	...	...	98.3	...	...
Not suitable	765	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	43,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,530	...	...	5.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,650	...	...	28.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,770	...	...	17.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,815	...	...	15.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,360	...	...	10.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,075	...	...	7.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,015	...	...	6.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,545	...	...	8.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	43,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	42,070	...	...	96.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,685	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	43,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	19,980	...	...	45.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,905	...	...	52.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	870	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	43,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	365	...	...	0.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,635	...	...	10.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,325	...	...	19.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,805	...	...	22.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,200	...	...	21.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,840	...	...	15.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,810	...	...	8.7	...	...
85 years and over	770	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	43,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	38,620	...	...	88.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,065	...	...	11.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,725	...	...	10.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	43,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,255	...	...	16.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,875	...	...	11.1	...	...
Not suitable only	665	...	...	1.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,455	...	...	3.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	160	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	70	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	36,505	...	...	83.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	43,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,300	...	...	3.0	...	...
Not in core need	42,040	...	...	97.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	36,370	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	67.3	...	...	67.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.3	...	...	8.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,330	...	...	1,330	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,384	...	...	1,384	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	424,000	...	...	424,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	474,000	...	...	474,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,365	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.8	...	...	27.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.1	...	...	10.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...	970	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,064	...	...	1,064	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	109,835	54,075	55,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,120	495	620	1.0	0.9	1.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,110	495	620	1.0	0.9	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	980	420	560	0.9	0.8	1.0
Métis single ancestry	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,300	1,065	1,230	2.1	2.0	2.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,275	1,050	1,230	2.1	1.9	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,005	905	1,105	1.8	1.7	2.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	265	140	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	106,420	52,510	53,905	96.9	97.1	96.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	109,830	54,075	55,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	106,660	52,480	54,180	97.1	97.1	97.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	23,895	12,205	11,690	21.8	22.6	21.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	82,760	40,270	42,490	75.4	74.5	76.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,175	1,595	1,580	2.9	2.9	2.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	109,830	54,075	55,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	96,855	47,605	49,250	88.2	88.0	88.3
Immigrants⁸¹	12,195	6,045	6,150	11.1	11.2	11.0
Before 1980	1,830	975	855	1.7	1.8	1.5
1980 to 1990	1,080	555	520	1.0	1.0	0.9
1991 to 2000	1,630	795	835	1.5	1.5	1.5
2001 to 2010	3,885	1,925	1,960	3.5	3.6	3.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,775	1,795	1,980	3.4	3.3	3.6
2011 to 2015	2,250	1,020	1,220	2.0	1.9	2.2
2016 to 2021	1,525	765	760	1.4	1.4	1.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	780	420	360	0.7	0.8	0.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	12,195	6,045	6,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,330	655	675	10.9	10.8	11.0
5 to 14 years	2,110	1,000	1,110	17.3	16.5	18.0
15 to 24 years	1,820	890	930	14.9	14.7	15.1
25 to 44 years	6,210	3,110	3,105	50.9	51.4	50.5
45 years and over	730	400	330	6.0	6.6	5.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	12,195	6,045	6,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,095	1,445	1,650	25.4	23.9	26.8
Brazil	320	160	160	2.6	2.6	2.6
Colombia	545	250	290	4.5	4.1	4.7
El Salvador	50	35	15	0.4	0.6	0.2
Guyana	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Haiti	580	230	350	4.8	3.8	5.7
Jamaica	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mexico	210	70	145	1.7	1.2	2.4
Peru	390	195	195	3.2	3.2	3.2
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
United States of America	245	110	135	2.0	1.8	2.2
Other places of birth in Americas	710	385	325	5.8	6.4	5.3
Europe	4,085	2,165	1,920	33.5	35.8	31.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	15	15	0.3	0.2	0.2
Croatia	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	1,700	935	760	13.9	15.5	12.4
Germany	85	50	35	0.7	0.8	0.6
Greece	25	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungary	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italy	170	135	30	1.4	2.2	0.5
Netherlands	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Poland	65	25	40	0.5	0.4	0.7
Portugal	195	100	100	1.6	1.7	1.6
Romania	585	295	290	4.8	4.9	4.7
Russian Federation	115	40	75	0.9	0.7	1.2
Serbia⁸⁶	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Ukraine	160	65	95	1.3	1.1	1.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	170	75	95	1.4	1.2	1.5
Other places of birth in Europe	710	370	340	5.8	6.1	5.5
Africa	2,690	1,310	1,380	22.1	21.7	22.4
Algeria	640	275	360	5.2	4.5	5.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	150	65	85	1.2	1.1	1.4
Egypt	185	120	60	1.5	2.0	1.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	755	380	375	6.2	6.3	6.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	950	455	500	7.8	7.5	8.1
Asia	2,310	1,115	1,190	18.9	18.4	19.3
Afghanistan	385	200	185	3.2	3.3	3.0
Iran⁸⁸	90	45	40	0.7	0.7	0.7
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	245	135	110	2.0	2.2	1.8
Syria⁸⁹	95	45	55	0.8	0.7	0.9
Turkey	55	30	25	0.5	0.5	0.4
China⁹⁰	495	195	300	4.1	3.2	4.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	25	25	0.5	0.4	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Philippines	85	35	50	0.7	0.6	0.8
Viet Nam	105	45	60	0.9	0.7	1.0
Bangladesh	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
India	135	70	70	1.1	1.2	1.1
Pakistan	135	75	60	1.1	1.2	1.0
Sri Lanka	35	15	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	345	170	175	2.8	2.8	2.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,525	765	760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	410	215	195	26.9	28.1	25.7
Brazil	115	65	50	7.5	8.5	6.6
Colombia	95	50	45	6.2	6.5	5.9
Haiti	20	15	0	1.3	2.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	25	0	20	1.6	0.0	2.6
United States of America	65	30	30	4.3	3.9	3.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	15	1.3	0.0	2.0
Other places of birth in Americas	65	45	20	4.3	5.9	2.6
Europe	470	230	240	30.8	30.1	31.6
France	300	165	140	19.7	21.6	18.4
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	0	10	1.3	0.0	1.3
Ukraine	35	0	25	2.3	0.0	3.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	95	35	55	6.2	4.6	7.2
Africa	280	135	150	18.4	17.6	19.7
Algeria	45	15	35	3.0	2.0	4.6
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	45	40	0	3.0	5.2	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	10	1.3	1.3	1.3
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	75	40	30	4.9	5.2	3.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	45	0	35	3.0	0.0	4.6
Other places of birth in Africa	50	20	30	3.3	2.6	3.9
Asia	360	185	175	23.6	24.2	23.0
Afghanistan	35	10	25	2.3	1.3	3.3
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	100	45	55	6.6	5.9	7.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
India	70	35	35	4.6	4.6	4.6
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	15	1.3	1.3	2.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	15	0	1.0	2.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	40	25	15	2.6	3.3	2.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	40	25	15	2.6	3.3	2.0
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0	0.7	1.3	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	109,835	54,075	55,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	13,745	6,830	6,925	12.5	12.6	12.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	11,025	5,540	5,485	10.0	10.2	9.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	85,055	41,705	43,355	77.4	77.1	77.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	10,365	5,075	5,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,750	3,495	3,255	65.1	68.9	61.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,100	1,900	1,200	29.9	37.4	22.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,650	1,595	2,055	35.2	31.4	38.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,195	885	1,315	21.2	17.4	24.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,300	655	650	12.5	12.9	12.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	115	40	70	1.1	0.8	1.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	10,365	5,075	5,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	710	310	400	6.8	6.1	7.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,015	530	485	9.8	10.4	9.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	295	150	140	2.8	3.0	2.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	510	300	210	4.9	5.9	4.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	105	35	70	1.0	0.7	1.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	7,745	3,750	3,990	74.7	73.9	75.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	109,835	54,075	55,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	11,910	5,710	6,200	10.8	10.6	11.1
South Asian	640	335	305	0.6	0.6	0.5
Chinese	1,220	510	710	1.1	0.9	1.3
Black	3,370	1,550	1,820	3.1	2.9	3.3
Filipino	150	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	2,155	1,100	1,055	2.0	2.0	1.9
Latin American	2,395	1,145	1,245	2.2	2.1	2.2
Southeast Asian	590	260	330	0.5	0.5	0.6
West Asian	800	425	375	0.7	0.8	0.7
Korean	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Japanese	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	360	200	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	97,925	48,365	49,555	89.2	89.4	88.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	109,835	54,070	55,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	33,415	16,245	17,175	30.4	30.0	30.8
English	2,545	1,225	1,320	2.3	2.3	2.4
Irish	6,145	2,875	3,270	5.6	5.3	5.9
Scottish	2,520	1,265	1,250	2.3	2.3	2.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	31,615	16,015	15,600	28.8	29.6	28.0
German	1,605	780	825	1.5	1.4	1.5
Chinese	1,310	585	730	1.2	1.1	1.3
Italian	3,660	1,875	1,790	3.3	3.5	3.2
Indian (India)	505	270	235	0.5	0.5	0.4
Ukrainian	545	255	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dutch	275	135	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Polish	740	375	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
Québécois	12,625	6,205	6,420	11.5	11.5	11.5
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	450	240	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Filipino	175	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
French Canadian	9,140	4,510	4,630	8.3	8.3	8.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,585	750	835	1.4	1.4	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,500	680	820	1.4	1.3	1.5
Métis	415	225	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,585	830	755	1.4	1.5	1.4
Russian	530	225	300	0.5	0.4	0.5
Norwegian	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	995	505	490	0.9	0.9	0.9
American	715	310	400	0.7	0.6	0.7
Spanish	1,010	535	480	0.9	1.0	0.9
Swedish	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	310	165	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Acadian	1,170	510	655	1.1	0.9	1.2
Pakistani	170	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	570	205	365	0.5	0.4	0.7
Jewish	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	515	235	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,050	525	525	1.0	1.0	0.9
Greek	480	280	195	0.4	0.5	0.3
Jamaican	120	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	930	460	465	0.8	0.9	0.8
Lebanese	530	250	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iranian	160	95	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	840	425	420	0.8	0.8	0.8
Danish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	315	150	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belgian	1,175	605	570	1.1	1.1	1.0
Haitian	1,430	615	815	1.3	1.1	1.5
Hindu	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	385	170	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	420	225	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Finnish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	35	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	205	85	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	400	255	145	0.4	0.5	0.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	290	135	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	820	380	440	0.7	0.7	0.8
Moroccan	800	395	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
Czech	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	190	70	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Guyanese	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	590	335	255	0.5	0.6	0.5
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	160	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Serbian	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkish	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	520	220	300	0.5	0.4	0.5
Brazilian	510	230	275	0.5	0.4	0.5
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	150	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slovak	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	105	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	145	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	345	140	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Congolese	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	560	310	250	0.5	0.6	0.4
Yoruba	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	145	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Berber	320	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	115	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israeli	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mohawk	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	225	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	230	145	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	240	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guatemalan	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	145	95	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	225	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	135	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Moldovan	295	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	165	65	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Saskatchewanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	240	85	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Norman	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	190	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	109,835	54,070	55,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	320	185	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Christian	72,115	34,585	37,530	65.7	64.0	67.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,190	3,145	3,045	5.6	5.8	5.5
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	280	125	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Baptist	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	61,900	29,475	32,425	56.4	54.5	58.2
Christian Orthodox	1,445	725	720	1.3	1.3	1.3
Jehovah's Witness	335	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	315	150	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Presbyterian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	210	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,040	515	530	0.9	1.0	1.0
Hindu	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	3,685	1,805	1,880	3.4	3.3	3.4
Sikh	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	245	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	33,240	17,265	15,970	30.3	31.9	28.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	108,980	53,590	55,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	98,475	48,395	50,075	90.4	90.3	90.4
Movers	10,510	5,190	5,320	9.6	9.7	9.6
Non-migrants	3,930	1,920	2,010	3.6	3.6	3.6
Migrants	6,580	3,265	3,310	6.0	6.1	6.0
Internal migrants	6,340	3,135	3,200	5.8	5.8	5.8
Intraprovincial migrants	6,215	3,065	3,150	5.7	5.7	5.7
Interprovincial migrants	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	240	130	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	104,535	51,205	53,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	68,850	33,870	34,980	65.9	66.1	65.6
Movers	35,685	17,335	18,350	34.1	33.9	34.4
Non-migrants	9,740	4,675	5,065	9.3	9.1	9.5
Migrants	25,945	12,660	13,290	24.8	24.7	24.9
Internal migrants	24,070	11,725	12,335	23.0	22.9	23.1
Intraprovincial migrants	23,595	11,475	12,130	22.6	22.4	22.7
Interprovincial migrants	470	260	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
External migrants	1,880	930	950	1.8	1.8	1.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,700	43,755	45,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,090	6,495	5,595	13.5	14.8	12.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	77,605	37,260	40,345	86.5	85.2	87.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,645	28,560	30,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,495	2,765	1,730	7.7	9.7	5.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	54,150	25,800	28,350	92.3	90.3	94.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,695	43,760	45,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,575	5,375	5,200	11.8	12.3	11.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,995	8,615	9,380	20.1	19.7	20.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	61,130	29,770	31,360	68.2	68.0	68.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	33,715	17,190	16,525	37.6	39.3	36.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,730	7,265	4,470	13.1	16.6	9.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,385	4,480	3,910	9.3	10.2	8.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,345	2,790	560	3.7	6.4	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,595	8,065	9,530	19.6	18.4	20.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,390	1,865	2,525	4.9	4.3	5.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	27,415	12,580	14,835	30.6	28.7	32.3
Bachelor's degree	17,845	8,010	9,830	19.9	18.3	21.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,705	1,185	1,520	3.0	2.7	3.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	480	210	275	0.5	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	5,610	2,780	2,830	6.3	6.4	6.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	780	395	385	0.9	0.9	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,645	28,565	30,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,455	2,015	1,445	5.9	7.1	4.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,270	4,105	4,165	14.1	14.4	13.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	46,915	22,445	24,470	80.0	78.6	81.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,060	12,340	11,720	41.0	43.2	39.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,815	5,360	3,460	15.0	18.8	11.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,255	3,235	3,015	10.7	11.3	10.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,560	2,120	445	4.4	7.4	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,085	5,640	6,450	20.6	19.7	21.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,160	1,345	1,815	5.4	4.7	6.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	22,860	10,110	12,745	39.0	35.4	42.4
Bachelor's degree	14,735	6,510	8,220	25.1	22.8	27.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,275	925	1,350	3.9	3.2	4.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	405	150	250	0.7	0.5	0.8
Master's degree	4,810	2,245	2,565	8.2	7.9	8.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	630	270	355	1.1	0.9	1.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	89,700	43,760	45,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	28,565	13,990	14,580	31.8	32.0	31.7
Education	4,315	870	3,440	4.8	2.0	7.5
13. Education	4,315	870	3,440	4.8	2.0	7.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,395	1,095	1,300	2.7	2.5	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	445	310	135	0.5	0.7	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	1,950	785	1,170	2.2	1.8	2.5
Humanities	3,225	1,210	2,010	3.6	2.8	4.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	490	110	385	0.5	0.3	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,810	740	1,075	2.0	1.7	2.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	105	80	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	240	115	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	360	85	270	0.4	0.2	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,065	1,935	4,135	6.8	4.4	9.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,085	320	765	1.2	0.7	1.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	930	80	845	1.0	0.2	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	1,300	445	850	1.4	1.0	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120	35	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	890	190	700	1.0	0.4	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,685	850	835	1.9	1.9	1.8
Business, management and public administration	16,230	6,730	9,500	18.1	15.4	20.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	675	135	545	0.8	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,540	6,600	8,945	17.3	15.1	19.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,375	1,300	1,070	2.6	3.0	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	795	325	465	0.9	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	375	225	150	0.4	0.5	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	360	170	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
40. Physical sciences	665	485	180	0.7	1.1	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	180	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,955	2,105	845	3.3	4.8	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,505	1,940	570	2.8	4.4	1.2
25. Library science	205	20	185	0.2	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	210	120	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,290	10,860	1,430	13.7	24.8	3.1
04. Architecture and related services	530	305	220	0.6	0.7	0.5
14. Engineering	3,710	3,020	690	4.1	6.9	1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,510	2,210	300	2.8	5.1	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,365	2,285	75	2.6	5.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,935	1,870	70	2.2	4.3	0.2
48. Precision production	1,235	1,170	65	1.4	2.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	830	415	410	0.9	0.9	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	620	285	340	0.7	0.7	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	205	130	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	6,765	1,190	5,580	7.5	2.7	12.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	540	275	265	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,115	865	5,250	6.8	2.0	11.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,675	2,060	1,615	4.1	4.7	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,665	415	1,250	1.9	0.9	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,200	915	285	1.3	2.1	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	775	695	85	0.9	1.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	58,640	28,560	30,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,730	6,115	5,610	20.0	21.4	18.7
Education	3,055	580	2,475	5.2	2.0	8.2
13. Education	3,055	580	2,475	5.2	2.0	8.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,855	845	1,010	3.2	3.0	3.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	360	250	110	0.6	0.9	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	1,495	600	900	2.5	2.1	3.0
Humanities	1,935	730	1,205	3.3	2.6	4.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	365	80	290	0.6	0.3	1.0
23. English language and literature/letters	85	20	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	930	410	515	1.6	1.4	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	50	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	165	80	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	245	50	195	0.4	0.2	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,810	1,460	3,350	8.2	5.1	11.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	900	255	640	1.5	0.9	2.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	750	50	700	1.3	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	1,035	335	700	1.8	1.2	2.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	665	100	570	1.1	0.4	1.9
45. Social sciences	1,330	680	650	2.3	2.4	2.2
Business, management and public administration	12,805	5,095	7,710	21.8	17.8	25.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	540	100	440	0.9	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,255	5,000	7,260	20.9	17.5	24.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,510	785	725	2.6	2.7	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	705	260	440	1.2	0.9	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	175	120	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	455	310	145	0.8	1.1	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,520	1,805	720	4.3	6.3	2.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,215	1,715	500	3.8	6.0	1.7
25. Library science	155	20	140	0.3	0.1	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,570	8,275	1,300	16.3	29.0	4.3
04. Architecture and related services	415	225	190	0.7	0.8	0.6
14. Engineering	3,195	2,545	650	5.4	8.9	2.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,825	1,575	255	3.1	5.5	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,790	1,720	70	3.1	6.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,435	1,375	60	2.4	4.8	0.2
48. Precision production	900	830	65	1.5	2.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	725	345	385	1.2	1.2	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	565	250	315	1.0	0.9	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	160	100	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	5,185	910	4,275	8.8	3.2	14.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	430	215	215	0.7	0.8	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,655	660	3,995	7.9	2.3	13.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,925	1,610	1,315	5.0	5.6	4.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,285	305	980	2.2	1.1	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,000	740	260	1.7	2.6	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	630	555	75	1.1	1.9	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	58,640	28,560	30,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,730	6,115	5,610	20.0	21.4	18.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	46,920	22,450	24,470	80.0	78.6	81.3
Location of study inside Canada	42,545	20,215	22,335	72.6	70.8	74.3
Same as province or territory of residence	41,705	19,800	21,900	71.1	69.3	72.8
Different than province or territory of residence	840	415	425	1.4	1.5	1.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,365	2,230	2,135	7.4	7.8	7.1
Americas	1,200	575	625	2.0	2.0	2.1
United States of America	240	130	110	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mexico	90	30	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuba	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	50	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	225	115	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Colombia	240	120	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Peru	145	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Americas	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,950	1,075	870	3.3	3.8	2.9
Belgium	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	1,080	615	465	1.8	2.2	1.5
Germany	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	120	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Poland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	235	125	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian Federation	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ukraine	90	35	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	110	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Africa	680	360	330	1.2	1.3	1.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	255	135	115	0.4	0.5	0.4
Morocco	200	105	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
Tunisia	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	515	205	300	0.9	0.7	1.0
Iran⁸⁸	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	190	75	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Australia	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	89,700	43,760	45,940	...	...	...
In the labour force	62,480	31,660	30,825	...	...	...
Employed	59,235	30,030	29,205	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,250	1,630	1,625	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	27,215	12,100	15,110	...	...	...
Participation rate	69.7	72.3	67.1	69.7	72.3	67.1
Employment rate	66.0	68.6	63.6	66.0	68.6	63.6
Unemployment rate	5.2	5.1	5.3	5.2	5.1	5.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	89,700	43,760	45,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	25,490	11,190	14,300	28.4	25.6	31.1
Worked	64,205	32,575	31,635	71.6	74.4	68.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	36,825	19,820	17,005	41.1	45.3	37.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,380	12,750	14,630	30.5	29.1	31.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.8	43.3	42.2	42.8	43.3	42.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	62,485	31,655	30,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	805	390	410	1.3	1.2	1.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	61,680	31,265	30,415	98.7	98.8	98.7
Employee	54,355	26,880	27,470	87.0	84.9	89.1
Permanent position	46,495	23,395	23,100	74.4	73.9	74.9
Temporary position	7,855	3,485	4,370	12.6	11.0	14.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,605	1,080	1,525	4.2	3.4	4.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,255	2,405	2,850	8.4	7.6	9.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,330	4,385	2,945	11.7	13.9	9.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	62,485	31,655	30,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	805	390	410	1.3	1.2	1.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	61,680	31,265	30,415	98.7	98.8	98.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	2,045	1,485	560	3.3	4.7	1.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	13,310	4,450	8,860	21.3	14.1	28.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,810	5,235	1,575	10.9	16.5	5.1
3 Health occupations	4,640	745	3,890	7.4	2.4	12.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,300	2,495	5,805	13.3	7.9	18.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,160	1,105	1,055	3.5	3.5	3.4
6 Sales and service occupations	14,045	6,675	7,370	22.5	21.1	23.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,030	7,320	710	12.9	23.1	2.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	515	395	120	0.8	1.2	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,820	1,355	465	2.9	4.3	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	62,485	31,655	30,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	805	390	410	1.3	1.2	1.3
All industries¹⁹¹	61,680	31,265	30,415	98.7	98.8	98.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	350	210	140	0.6	0.7	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	160	120	35	0.3	0.4	0.1
22 Utilities	1,020	680	345	1.6	2.1	1.1
23 Construction	4,090	3,305	785	6.5	10.4	2.5
31-33 Manufacturing	5,670	3,905	1,775	9.1	12.3	5.8
41 Wholesale trade	2,165	1,405	765	3.5	4.4	2.5
44-45 Retail trade	7,635	3,805	3,830	12.2	12.0	12.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,575	1,945	630	4.1	6.1	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,865	1,130	740	3.0	3.6	2.4
52 Finance and insurance	3,855	1,685	2,170	6.2	5.3	7.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	935	465	470	1.5	1.5	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,090	3,720	2,370	9.7	11.8	7.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	145	80	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,885	1,165	715	3.0	3.7	2.3
61 Educational services	5,195	1,375	3,825	8.3	4.3	12.4
62 Health care and social assistance	7,680	1,310	6,365	12.3	4.1	20.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,080	560	515	1.7	1.8	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	2,940	1,465	1,475	4.7	4.6	4.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,185	915	1,275	3.5	2.9	4.1
91 Public administration	4,155	2,020	2,135	6.6	6.4	6.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	66,745	33,835	32,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,150	1,310	845	3.2	3.9	2.6
French	43,390	20,875	22,520	65.0	61.7	68.4
Non-official language	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and French	20,430	11,240	9,190	30.6	33.2	27.9
English and non-official language(s)	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	520	275	245	0.8	0.8	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	66,745	33,835	32,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	63,375	32,030	31,345	95.0	94.7	95.2
Official languages	63,260	31,975	31,280	94.8	94.5	95.0
English	5,760	3,435	2,330	8.6	10.2	7.1
French	57,495	28,540	28,955	86.1	84.4	88.0
Non-official languages	115	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	115	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,370	1,800	1,565	5.0	5.3	4.8
English and French	3,185	1,705	1,485	4.8	5.0	4.5
English and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	66,745	33,835	32,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	48,805	23,945	24,860	73.1	70.8	75.5
English	13,905	7,555	6,355	20.8	22.3	19.3
French	3,510	2,060	1,455	5.3	6.1	4.4
Non-official language	170	95	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	170	95	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and French	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	210	105	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	95	60	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	59,235	30,025	29,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	16,470	7,915	8,560	27.8	26.4	29.3
Worked outside Canada	75	50	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	5,140	3,900	1,240	8.7	13.0	4.2
Usual place of work	37,545	18,165	19,380	63.4	60.5	66.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	37,550	18,165	19,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	9,855	4,040	5,815	26.2	22.2	30.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,670	2,575	3,100	15.1	14.2	16.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	21,940	11,490	10,455	58.4	63.3	53.9
Commute to a different province or territory	80	60	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	42,685	22,065	20,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	37,285	19,675	17,610	87.3	89.2	85.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	35,380	18,935	16,450	82.9	85.8	79.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,905	740	1,165	4.5	3.4	5.6
Public transit	2,800	1,125	1,675	6.6	5.1	8.1
Walked	1,515	655	865	3.5	3.0	4.2
Bicycle	465	305	155	1.1	1.4	0.8
Other method	625	305	315	1.5	1.4	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	42,685	22,065	20,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	10,425	4,710	5,720	24.4	21.3	27.7
15 to 29 minutes	16,890	8,460	8,430	39.6	38.3	40.9
30 to 44 minutes	9,410	5,425	3,985	22.0	24.6	19.3
45 to 59 minutes	3,375	2,045	1,330	7.9	9.3	6.4
60 minutes and over	2,580	1,425	1,155	6.0	6.5	5.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	42,685	22,065	20,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,485	2,830	665	8.2	12.8	3.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,190	4,580	2,610	16.8	20.8	12.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,445	5,515	6,925	29.2	25.0	33.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,750	3,665	5,085	20.5	16.6	24.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,620	1,970	2,655	10.8	8.9	12.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,190	3,510	2,685	14.5	15.9	13.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	25,080	12,805	12,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,515	1,855	1,660	14.0	14.5	13.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,565	10,955	10,615	86.0	85.6	86.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	19,240	9,745	9,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,695	1,420	1,275	14.0	14.6	13.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,985	1,045	940	10.3	10.7	9.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	715	380	335	3.7	3.9	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,545	8,325	8,225	86.0	85.4	86.6

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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