Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	MirabelMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	100,600	50,020	50,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20,870	10,695	10,175	20.7	21.4	20.1
0 to 4 years	6,285	3,255	3,025	6.2	6.5	6.0
5 to 9 years	7,295	3,760	3,540	7.3	7.5	7.0
10 to 14 years	7,285	3,680	3,605	7.2	7.4	7.1
15 to 64 years	66,205	32,730	33,475	65.8	65.4	66.2
15 to 19 years	5,645	2,830	2,820	5.6	5.7	5.6
20 to 24 years	4,870	2,390	2,480	4.8	4.8	4.9
25 to 29 years	6,415	3,090	3,325	6.4	6.2	6.6
30 to 34 years	6,925	3,340	3,585	6.9	6.7	7.1
35 to 39 years	7,570	3,700	3,865	7.5	7.4	7.6
40 to 44 years	7,995	3,940	4,065	7.9	7.9	8.0
45 to 49 years	6,860	3,545	3,315	6.8	7.1	6.6
50 to 54 years	6,460	3,240	3,215	6.4	6.5	6.4
55 to 59 years	7,030	3,490	3,535	7.0	7.0	7.0
60 to 64 years	6,430	3,160	3,270	6.4	6.3	6.5
65 years and over	13,525	6,600	6,930	13.4	13.2	13.7
65 to 69 years	4,915	2,410	2,505	4.9	4.8	5.0
70 to 74 years	3,950	1,945	2,010	3.9	3.9	4.0
75 to 79 years	2,590	1,270	1,325	2.6	2.5	2.6
80 to 84 years	1,310	665	645	1.3	1.3	1.3
85 years and over	760	310	450	0.8	0.6	0.9
85 to 89 years	520	230	285	0.5	0.5	0.6
90 to 94 years	190	70	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
95 to 99 years	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.7	21.4	20.1	20.7	21.4	20.1
15 to 64 years	65.8	65.4	66.2	65.8	65.4	66.2
65 years and over	13.4	13.2	13.7	13.4	13.2	13.7
85 years and over	0.8	0.6	0.9	0.8	0.6	0.9
Average age of the population	38.4	38.1	38.6	38.4	38.1	38.6
Median age of the population	38.8	38.8	38.8	38.8	38.8	38.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	40,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	25,460	...	...	63.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,325	...	...	3.3	...	...
Row house	330	...	...	0.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,130	...	...	10.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,570	...	...	21.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	150	...	...	0.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	150	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	185	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	40,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,335	...	...	25.7	...	...
2 persons	13,995	...	...	34.7	...	...
3 persons	6,445	...	...	16.0	...	...
4 persons	6,435	...	...	16.0	...	...
5 or more persons	3,080	...	...	7.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	100,100	49,775	50,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	79,735	39,330	40,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	49,980	24,955	25,025	62.7	63.5	61.9
Married	24,000	12,025	11,975	30.1	30.6	29.6
Living common-law	25,980	12,935	13,045	32.6	32.9	32.3
Living common law - Never married	21,585	10,750	10,830	27.1	27.3	26.8
Living common law - Separated	245	125	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	3,750	1,875	1,870	4.7	4.8	4.6
Living common law - Widowed	405	180	225	0.5	0.5	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	29,750	14,370	15,380	37.3	36.5	38.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	21,630	11,355	10,275	27.1	28.9	25.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	960	430	530	1.2	1.1	1.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,500	1,835	2,665	5.6	4.7	6.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,655	755	1,905	3.3	1.9	4.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	14,395	...	...	48.9	...	...
3 persons	6,295	...	...	21.4	...	...
4 persons	6,240	...	...	21.2	...	...
5 or more persons	2,480	...	...	8.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	24,765	...	...	84.2	...	...
Married couples	11,775	...	...	40.0	...	...
With children⁶	5,605	...	...	19.1	...	...
Without children	6,175	...	...	21.0	...	...
Common-law couples	12,985	...	...	44.2	...	...
With children⁶	7,375	...	...	25.1	...	...
Without children	5,610	...	...	19.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,645	...	...	15.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,240	...	...	11.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,405	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	100,100	49,775	50,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	85,795	42,600	43,195	85.7	85.6	85.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	49,530	24,700	24,830	49.5	49.6	49.3
Parents in one-parent families	4,645	1,410	3,235	4.6	2.8	6.4
Children⁶	31,620	16,490	15,130	31.6	33.1	30.1
In a two-parent family	24,410	12,710	11,700	24.4	25.5	23.2
In a one-parent family	7,205	3,780	3,430	7.2	7.6	6.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	14,305	7,175	7,135	14.3	14.4	14.2
Living alone	10,335	5,160	5,180	10.3	10.4	10.3
Living with other relatives⁷	1,825	795	1,030	1.8	1.6	2.0
Living with non-relatives only	2,145	1,225	925	2.1	2.5	1.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	40,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,990	...	...	67.0	...	...
Couple-family households	23,070	...	...	57.3	...	...
With children⁶	12,195	...	...	30.3	...	...
Without children	10,875	...	...	27.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,920	...	...	9.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	770	...	...	1.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	175	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	965	...	...	2.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,045	...	...	2.6	...	...
One-person households	10,340	...	...	25.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	79,260	39,090	40,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,265	38,190	39,075	97.5	97.7	97.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000	53,200	40,800	46,000	53,200	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,305	38,210	39,095	97.5	97.7	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	44,800	36,400	40,400	44,800	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,855	36,230	35,625	90.7	92.7	88.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	47,600	31,000	38,800	47,600	31,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,105	31,925	30,175	78.4	81.7	75.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	49,200	34,000	40,800	49,200	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,875	28,895	33,975	79.3	73.9	84.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	8,600	11,400	10,000	8,600	11,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,430	5,920	5,505	14.4	15.1	13.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,480	5,800	5,600	5,480	5,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,530	13,300	12,230	32.2	34.0	30.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	8,000	6,000	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	79,205	39,065	40,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,345	38,210	39,130	97.7	97.8	97.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,250	60,900	45,800	53,250	60,900	45,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,385	38,235	39,150	97.7	97.9	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	48,480	38,840	43,600	48,480	38,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,695	36,135	35,560	90.5	92.5	88.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,960	55,700	38,040	46,960	55,700	38,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,065	31,905	30,160	78.4	81.7	75.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,360	54,650	39,640	47,360	54,650	39,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,025	28,900	34,125	79.6	74.0	85.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,940	10,830	12,880	11,940	10,830	12,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,525	5,960	5,565	14.6	15.3	13.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,100	6,095	8,180	7,100	6,095	8,180
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,330	13,210	12,125	32.0	33.8	30.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,590	7,040	8,190	7,590	7,040	8,190
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	79,205	39,065	40,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,190	16,890	14,300	39.4	43.2	35.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	67,500	53,200	60,800	67,500	53,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,900	73,800	58,750	66,900	73,800	58,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,780	11,860	12,920	31.3	30.4	32.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,400	28,000	17,600	21,400	28,000	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,960	38,000	24,460	30,960	38,000	24,460
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.8	86.6	75.4	81.8	86.6	75.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.4	75.0	66.6	71.4	75.0	66.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.3	13.4	24.5	18.3	13.4	24.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.6	2.5	2.0	1.6	2.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.4	6.5	5.3	4.4	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	4.0	5.5	4.7	4.0	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	79,260	39,090	40,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,995	900	1,090	2.5	2.3	2.7
With total income	77,265	38,190	39,075	97.5	97.7	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,570	1,895	2,670	5.9	5.0	6.8
$10,000 to $19,999	7,510	2,790	4,720	9.7	7.3	12.1
$20,000 to $29,999	10,610	4,435	6,180	13.7	11.6	15.8
$30,000 to $39,999	9,510	4,005	5,505	12.3	10.5	14.1
$40,000 to $49,999	10,105	4,560	5,545	13.1	12.0	14.2
$50,000 to $59,999	8,715	4,235	4,480	11.3	11.1	11.5
$60,000 to $69,999	6,770	3,775	2,995	8.8	9.9	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	5,370	3,245	2,125	7.0	8.5	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	4,300	2,560	1,735	5.6	6.7	4.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,885	1,765	1,120	3.7	4.6	2.9
$100,000 and over	6,915	4,920	1,995	8.9	12.9	5.1
$100,000 to $149,999	5,370	3,720	1,650	6.9	9.7	4.2
$150,000 and over	1,550	1,200	350	2.0	3.1	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	79,260	39,090	40,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,950	880	1,070	2.5	2.3	2.7
With after-tax income	77,305	38,210	39,095	97.5	97.8	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,920	2,005	2,915	6.4	5.2	7.5
$10,000 to $19,999	8,045	3,030	5,015	10.4	7.9	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	12,600	5,385	7,220	16.3	14.1	18.5
$30,000 to $39,999	12,685	5,650	7,035	16.4	14.8	18.0
$40,000 to $49,999	12,340	6,080	6,260	16.0	15.9	16.0
$50,000 to $59,999	9,565	5,325	4,245	12.4	13.9	10.8
$60,000 to $69,999	6,790	4,035	2,755	8.8	10.6	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,255	2,500	1,760	5.5	6.5	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,485	1,600	880	3.2	4.2	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,410	945	465	1.8	2.5	1.2
$100,000 and over	2,210	1,660	550	2.9	4.3	1.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,325	965	355	1.7	2.5	0.9
$125,000 and over	885	690	195	1.1	1.8	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	79,260	39,090	40,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	17,155	7,165	9,985	21.6	18.3	24.9
With employment income	62,100	31,925	30,175	78.3	81.7	75.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,005	3,450	3,555	11.3	10.8	11.8
$5,000 to $9,999	4,440	1,785	2,655	7.1	5.6	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	6,960	2,855	4,100	11.2	8.9	13.6
$20,000 to $29,999	5,935	2,425	3,510	9.5	7.6	11.6
$30,000 to $39,999	6,255	2,765	3,495	10.1	8.7	11.6
$40,000 to $49,999	6,380	2,955	3,425	10.3	9.3	11.3
$50,000 to $59,999	5,575	3,000	2,575	9.0	9.4	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	4,765	2,845	1,920	7.7	8.9	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,915	2,490	1,425	6.3	7.8	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,365	2,020	1,340	5.4	6.3	4.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,150	1,425	730	3.5	4.5	2.4
$100,000 and over	5,355	3,910	1,450	8.6	12.2	4.8
$100,000 to $124,999	3,055	2,170	880	4.9	6.8	2.9
$125,000 and over	2,305	1,740	565	3.7	5.5	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	79,260	39,090	40,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,930	37,475	38,455	95.8	95.9	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	52,000	37,600	44,000	52,000	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,965	37,475	38,485	95.8	95.9	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,000	33,600	38,400	44,000	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,890	35,725	35,165	89.4	91.4	87.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	49,600	32,000	40,000	49,600	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,125	31,790	30,335	78.4	81.3	75.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	50,400	34,000	41,200	50,400	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	55,200	24,250	30,950	69.6	62.0	77.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,700	4,520	8,200	6,700	4,520	8,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	10,595	5,580	5,015	13.4	14.3	12.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,560	4,160	5,240	4,560	4,160	5,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	79,205	39,065	40,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,045	37,590	38,455	96.0	96.2	95.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,880	58,850	43,040	50,880	58,850	43,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,100	37,590	38,510	96.1	96.2	95.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,520	46,720	36,480	41,520	46,720	36,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,735	35,685	35,050	89.3	91.3	87.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,640	56,600	38,520	47,640	56,600	38,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,875	31,665	30,215	78.1	81.1	75.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,800	55,500	39,720	47,800	55,500	39,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	55,355	24,335	31,025	69.9	62.3	77.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,000	7,940	9,840	9,000	7,940	9,840
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,290	5,390	4,900	13.0	13.8	12.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,760	5,400	8,260	6,760	5,400	8,260
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	79,205	39,065	40,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,105	16,835	14,270	39.3	43.1	35.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,000	66,000	49,200	58,000	66,000	49,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,850	71,500	54,750	63,850	71,500	54,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,600	11,275	12,320	29.8	28.9	30.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,200	35,200	22,200	27,200	35,200	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,360	42,960	28,440	35,360	42,960	28,440
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.2	91.2	81.6	87.2	91.2	81.6
Employment income (%)	76.4	79.4	72.6	76.4	79.4	72.6
Government transfers (%)	12.9	8.7	18.4	12.9	8.7	18.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.3	2.5	1.8	1.3	2.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	40,290	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,340	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	...	...	45,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	29,955	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	40,285	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	102,200	...	...	102,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,700	...	...	83,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,335	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,440	...	...	50,440	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,640	...	...	41,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	29,955	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,100	...	...	120,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,300	...	...	98,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	40,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	145	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	120	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	270	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	410	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,320	...	...	3.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	995	...	...	2.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,000	...	...	2.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,410	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,525	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,520	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,965	...	...	7.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,865	...	...	7.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,745	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,840	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,715	...	...	6.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,450	...	...	43.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,655	...	...	14.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,265	...	...	10.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,705	...	...	11.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,820	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	40,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	200	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	125	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	275	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	460	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,450	...	...	3.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,230	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,360	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,850	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,845	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,845	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,625	...	...	9.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,625	...	...	9.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,520	...	...	8.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,355	...	...	8.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,875	...	...	7.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,640	...	...	31.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,805	...	...	14.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,400	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,440	...	...	8.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,235	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,005	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,065	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,435	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	12,485	6,380	6,100	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,600	48,000	39,200	43,600	48,000	39,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	40,800	34,800	38,000	40,800	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,220	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,800	...	...	119,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,005	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,100	...	...	101,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,700	...	...	82,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,070	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,800	...	...	147,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,900	...	...	119,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,425	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,300	...	...	83,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,400	...	...	70,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	12,525	6,355	6,175	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,280	53,300	45,120	49,280	53,300	45,120
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	43,040	38,480	40,800	43,040	38,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	100,100	49,775	50,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,385	12,425	11,960	24.4	25.0	23.8
0 to 5 years	7,725	4,015	3,710	7.7	8.1	7.4
18 to 64 years	62,410	30,820	31,595	62.3	61.9	62.8
65 years and over	13,305	6,535	6,770	13.3	13.1	13.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,685	3,065	3,620	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,395	745	645	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	455	245	210	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,250	1,515	1,735	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,045	805	1,245	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.7	6.2	7.2	6.7	6.2	7.2
0 to 17 years (%)	5.7	6.0	5.4	5.7	6.0	5.4
0 to 5 years (%)	5.9	6.1	5.6	5.9	6.1	5.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.2	4.9	5.5	5.2	4.9	5.5
65 years and over (%)	15.4	12.3	18.4	15.4	12.3	18.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	100,100	49,775	50,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,385	12,425	11,960	24.4	25.0	23.8
0 to 5 years	7,725	4,015	3,710	7.7	8.1	7.4
18 to 64 years	62,410	30,820	31,595	62.3	61.9	62.8
65 years and over	13,305	6,535	6,770	13.3	13.1	13.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,325	1,130	1,195	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	395	190	205	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	125	65	60	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,525	785	745	...	...	...
65 years and over	400	155	245	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.4
0 to 17 years (%)	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.7
0 to 5 years (%)	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.4
65 years and over (%)	3.0	2.4	3.6	3.0	2.4	3.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	100,100	49,775	50,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	48,530	23,450	25,080	48.5	47.1	49.8
In bottom decile	5,375	2,505	2,870	5.4	5.0	5.7
In second decile	8,390	3,895	4,490	8.4	7.8	8.9
In third decile	10,560	5,085	5,470	10.5	10.2	10.9
In fourth decile	11,670	5,820	5,855	11.7	11.7	11.6
In fifth decile	12,530	6,140	6,390	12.5	12.3	12.7
In top half of the distribution	51,570	26,320	25,250	51.5	52.9	50.2
In sixth decile	13,090	6,590	6,505	13.1	13.2	12.9
In seventh decile	12,965	6,665	6,295	13.0	13.4	12.5
In eighth decile	11,330	5,755	5,570	11.3	11.6	11.1
In ninth decile	9,040	4,645	4,405	9.0	9.3	8.8
In top decile	5,150	2,670	2,480	5.1	5.4	4.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	100,100	...	...	100,100	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.266	...	...	0.266	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.371	...	...	0.371	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.229	...	...	0.229	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	100,455	49,965	50,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	1,020	540	480	1.0	1.1	1.0
French only	51,430	24,300	27,130	51.2	48.6	53.7
English and French	47,690	24,965	22,725	47.5	50.0	45.0
Neither English nor French	315	165	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	100,455	49,965	50,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	4,400	2,260	2,145	4.4	4.5	4.2
French	93,995	46,640	47,355	93.6	93.3	93.8
English and French	1,755	915	840	1.7	1.8	1.7
Neither English nor French	305	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	100,455	49,965	50,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	98,090	48,780	49,315	97.6	97.6	97.7
Official languages	92,845	46,175	46,670	92.4	92.4	92.4
English	3,140	1,630	1,510	3.1	3.3	3.0
French	89,700	44,545	45,160	89.3	89.2	89.4
Non-official languages	5,245	2,605	2,640	5.2	5.2	5.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,240	2,605	2,635	5.2	5.2	5.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,110	575	530	1.1	1.2	1.0
Berber languages	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,000	515	485	1.0	1.0	1.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,000	515	485	1.0	1.0	1.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	65	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	145	75	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Haitian Creole	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,250	1,630	1,615	3.2	3.3	3.2
Albanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	410	195	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	410	190	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	250	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	50	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
German	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	105	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	305	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	190	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,290	1,150	1,140	2.3	2.3	2.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	230	130	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	450	220	235	0.4	0.4	0.5
Romanian	485	240	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	1,125	570	560	1.1	1.1	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	185	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,365	1,185	1,180	2.4	2.4	2.3
English and French	1,370	700	670	1.4	1.4	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	155	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	595	285	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	200	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	100,455	49,965	50,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,215	1,145	1,070	2.2	2.3	2.1
French	87,155	43,185	43,965	86.8	86.4	87.1
Non-official language	1,335	690	640	1.3	1.4	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,335	690	640	1.3	1.4	1.3
English and French	5,465	2,875	2,595	5.4	5.8	5.1
English and non-official language(s)	435	220	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	2,240	1,075	1,160	2.2	2.2	2.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,560	735	820	1.6	1.5	1.6
Multiple non-official languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	100,455	49,965	50,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	98,060	48,770	49,285	97.6	97.6	97.6
Official languages	95,625	47,550	48,070	95.2	95.2	95.2
English	3,475	1,780	1,700	3.5	3.6	3.4
French	92,150	45,775	46,375	91.7	91.6	91.8
Non-official languages	2,435	1,220	1,210	2.4	2.4	2.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,435	1,220	1,210	2.4	2.4	2.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	465	225	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Berber languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	430	210	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	430	205	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,640	835	800	1.6	1.7	1.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	195	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dari	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,110	575	535	1.1	1.2	1.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	160	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Romanian	335	165	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	595	315	275	0.6	0.6	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,400	1,190	1,205	2.4	2.4	2.4
English and French	1,340	690	655	1.3	1.4	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	165	70	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	660	330	335	0.7	0.7	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	100,455	49,965	50,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	92,665	46,020	46,650	92.2	92.1	92.4
English	3,680	1,950	1,725	3.7	3.9	3.4
French	1,555	750	805	1.5	1.5	1.6
Non-official language	1,425	705	715	1.4	1.4	1.4
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,415	705	710	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and French	220	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	545	260	285	0.5	0.5	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	100,060	49,745	50,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	99,760	49,635	50,125	99.7	99.8	99.6
English	48,625	25,510	23,120	48.6	51.3	46.0
French	98,750	49,100	49,645	98.7	98.7	98.7
Non-official languages	9,670	4,430	5,240	9.7	8.9	10.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,645	4,415	5,230	9.6	8.9	10.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,805	855	945	1.8	1.7	1.9
Berber languages	155	70	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kabyle	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,735	825	905	1.7	1.7	1.8
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,725	820	905	1.7	1.6	1.8
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	250	105	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	150	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	80	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	0	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	450	225	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
Haitian Creole	295	170	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	60	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,210	2,870	3,340	6.2	5.8	6.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	650	300	355	0.6	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	645	295	355	0.6	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	460	230	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	80	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	255	130	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	205	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	205	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	285	170	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	460	230	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	245	125	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	140	75	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	260	125	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	250	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Dari	190	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,825	2,160	2,665	4.8	4.3	5.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	660	295	365	0.7	0.6	0.7
Portuguese	665	335	325	0.7	0.7	0.6
Romanian	575	265	310	0.6	0.5	0.6
Spanish	3,220	1,355	1,865	3.2	2.7	3.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	465	225	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	175	55	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	175	55	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	20	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	100,060	49,745	50,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,200	1,095	1,105	2.2	2.2	2.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,990	1,005	985	2.0	2.0	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,275	640	635	1.3	1.3	1.3
Métis	705	365	340	0.7	0.7	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	130	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	97,865	48,650	49,210	97.8	97.8	97.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	100,060	49,745	50,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	705	350	355	0.7	0.7	0.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	99,355	49,395	49,960	99.3	99.3	99.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	40,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	29,350	...	...	72.9	...	...
Renter	10,935	...	...	27.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	40,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,035	...	...	15.0	...	...
Not condominium	34,250	...	...	85.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	40,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	3,990	...	...	9.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,380	...	...	30.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,150	...	...	35.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,725	...	...	24.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	40,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,760	...	...	26.7	...	...
5 rooms	7,070	...	...	17.5	...	...
6 rooms	5,105	...	...	12.7	...	...
7 rooms	5,205	...	...	12.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,145	...	...	30.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	40,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	40,100	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	185	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	40,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	39,390	...	...	97.8	...	...
Not suitable	895	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	40,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,685	...	...	9.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,270	...	...	13.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,960	...	...	9.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,275	...	...	13.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,320	...	...	10.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,280	...	...	13.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,605	...	...	13.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	6,890	...	...	17.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	40,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	38,900	...	...	96.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,385	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	40,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	19,215	...	...	47.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,205	...	...	50.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	865	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	40,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	880	...	...	2.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,585	...	...	16.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,745	...	...	21.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,810	...	...	19.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,995	...	...	19.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,480	...	...	13.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,300	...	...	5.7	...	...
85 years and over	495	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	39,855	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	34,745	...	...	87.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,110	...	...	12.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,860	...	...	12.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	40,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,045	...	...	17.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,805	...	...	11.9	...	...
Not suitable only	785	...	...	1.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,105	...	...	2.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	65	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	235	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	33,245	...	...	82.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	39,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,855	...	...	4.7	...	...
Not in core need	37,750	...	...	95.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,985	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	75.9	...	...	75.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.8	...	...	8.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,320	...	...	1,320	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,308	...	...	1,308	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	360,000	...	...	360,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	390,000	...	...	390,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,920	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.5	...	...	23.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	11.8	...	...	11.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...	970	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	987	...	...	987	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	100,060	49,745	50,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,990	980	1,005	2.0	2.0	2.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,960	975	985	2.0	2.0	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,705	835	870	1.7	1.7	1.7
Métis single ancestry	240	130	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,085	1,595	1,490	3.1	3.2	3.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,055	1,580	1,475	3.1	3.2	2.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,795	1,440	1,350	2.8	2.9	2.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	245	130	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	94,985	47,170	47,820	94.9	94.8	95.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	100,060	49,745	50,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	98,265	48,910	49,360	98.2	98.3	98.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	24,135	12,290	11,845	24.1	24.7	23.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	74,130	36,615	37,515	74.1	73.6	74.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,790	835	955	1.8	1.7	1.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	100,060	49,745	50,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	93,120	46,405	46,720	93.1	93.3	92.9
Immigrants⁸¹	6,570	3,155	3,415	6.6	6.3	6.8
Before 1980	755	415	340	0.8	0.8	0.7
1980 to 1990	530	260	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
1991 to 2000	1,020	505	515	1.0	1.0	1.0
2001 to 2010	2,175	1,025	1,145	2.2	2.1	2.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,100	955	1,145	2.1	1.9	2.3
2011 to 2015	1,325	590	740	1.3	1.2	1.5
2016 to 2021	775	365	410	0.8	0.7	0.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	370	185	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,570	3,155	3,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	870	360	510	13.2	11.4	14.9
5 to 14 years	1,260	630	625	19.2	20.0	18.3
15 to 24 years	985	445	535	15.0	14.1	15.7
25 to 44 years	3,130	1,565	1,565	47.6	49.6	45.8
45 years and over	330	155	175	5.0	4.9	5.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,570	3,155	3,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,235	535	695	18.8	17.0	20.4
Brazil	65	30	30	1.0	1.0	0.9
Colombia	320	135	185	4.9	4.3	5.4
El Salvador	55	25	35	0.8	0.8	1.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	200	110	90	3.0	3.5	2.6
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	105	35	70	1.6	1.1	2.0
Peru	60	30	25	0.9	1.0	0.7
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	115	55	60	1.8	1.7	1.8
Other places of birth in Americas	315	115	195	4.8	3.6	5.7
Europe	2,140	1,110	1,025	32.6	35.2	30.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Croatia	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
France	770	440	330	11.7	13.9	9.7
Germany	60	35	30	0.9	1.1	0.9
Greece	35	35	0	0.5	1.1	0.0
Hungary	15	10	15	0.2	0.3	0.4
Italy	65	30	35	1.0	1.0	1.0
Netherlands	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Poland	55	20	35	0.8	0.6	1.0
Portugal	180	90	90	2.7	2.9	2.6
Romania	255	115	135	3.9	3.6	4.0
Russian Federation	95	50	45	1.4	1.6	1.3
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	85	35	50	1.3	1.1	1.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	15	20	0.5	0.5	0.6
Other places of birth in Europe	455	230	230	6.9	7.3	6.7
Africa	1,975	950	1,020	30.1	30.1	29.9
Algeria	270	115	155	4.1	3.6	4.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	115	50	65	1.8	1.6	1.9
Egypt	160	95	65	2.4	3.0	1.9
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	530	255	280	8.1	8.1	8.2
Nigeria	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	875	425	450	13.3	13.5	13.2
Asia	1,215	555	660	18.5	17.6	19.3
Afghanistan	120	55	65	1.8	1.7	1.9
Iran⁸⁸	50	25	20	0.8	0.8	0.6
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	245	125	120	3.7	4.0	3.5
Syria⁸⁹	50	15	30	0.8	0.5	0.9
Turkey	80	45	40	1.2	1.4	1.2
China⁹⁰	95	30	65	1.4	1.0	1.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	50	30	20	0.8	1.0	0.6
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	0	40	0.6	0.0	1.2
Viet Nam	85	30	50	1.3	1.0	1.5
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	35	20	15	0.5	0.6	0.4
Pakistan	75	40	40	1.1	1.3	1.2
Sri Lanka	45	15	30	0.7	0.5	0.9
Other places of birth in Asia	215	110	105	3.3	3.5	3.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	770	365	410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	135	55	75	17.5	15.1	18.3
Brazil	10	10	10	1.3	2.7	2.4
Colombia	20	10	10	2.6	2.7	2.4
Haiti	25	10	15	3.2	2.7	3.7
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	10	0	1.3	2.7	0.0
United States of America	15	0	15	1.9	0.0	3.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	1.3	0.0	2.4
Other places of birth in Americas	45	15	25	5.8	4.1	6.1
Europe	255	140	110	33.1	38.4	26.8
France	155	90	65	20.1	24.7	15.9
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	90	55	35	11.7	15.1	8.5
Africa	270	115	155	35.1	31.5	37.8
Algeria	10	0	10	1.3	0.0	2.4
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	50	20	30	6.5	5.5	7.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	0	1.3	2.7	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	10	1.3	0.0	2.4
Egypt	20	10	10	2.6	2.7	2.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	70	25	40	9.1	6.8	9.8
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	15	10	10	1.9	2.7	2.4
Other places of birth in Africa	85	35	50	11.0	9.6	12.2
Asia	110	55	65	14.3	15.1	15.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	0	15	2.6	0.0	3.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	30	15	10	3.9	4.1	2.4
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	20	15	10	2.6	4.1	2.4
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	1.3	0.0	2.4
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	100,060	49,745	50,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,320	3,510	3,810	7.3	7.1	7.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,995	3,530	3,465	7.0	7.1	6.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	85,750	42,700	43,045	85.7	85.8	85.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,815	2,745	3,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,365	1,730	1,635	57.9	63.0	53.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,475	900	575	25.4	32.8	18.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,890	830	1,065	32.5	30.2	34.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,630	650	980	28.0	23.7	31.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	760	350	410	13.1	12.8	13.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	65	15	45	1.1	0.5	1.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,815	2,745	3,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	435	215	225	7.5	7.8	7.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	450	195	250	7.7	7.1	8.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	125	75	50	2.1	2.7	1.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	270	180	95	4.6	6.6	3.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	0	30	0.6	0.0	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,495	2,075	2,420	77.3	75.6	78.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	100,060	49,745	50,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,990	3,290	3,700	7.0	6.6	7.4
South Asian	440	215	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese	250	70	180	0.2	0.1	0.4
Black	2,310	1,155	1,155	2.3	2.3	2.3
Filipino	85	10	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
Arab	1,695	830	865	1.7	1.7	1.7
Latin American	1,045	470	570	1.0	0.9	1.1
Southeast Asian	550	265	285	0.5	0.5	0.6
West Asian	250	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	230	75	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	93,070	46,455	46,615	93.0	93.4	92.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	100,065	49,745	50,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	37,280	18,360	18,920	37.3	36.9	37.6
English	1,700	835	860	1.7	1.7	1.7
Irish	5,260	2,545	2,715	5.3	5.1	5.4
Scottish	1,745	820	930	1.7	1.6	1.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	21,660	10,810	10,850	21.6	21.7	21.6
German	1,305	575	735	1.3	1.2	1.5
Chinese	390	125	265	0.4	0.3	0.5
Italian	3,480	1,620	1,860	3.5	3.3	3.7
Indian (India)	230	130	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ukrainian	360	180	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
Dutch	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	505	240	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Québécois	15,185	7,750	7,440	15.2	15.6	14.8
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	345	200	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Filipino	100	10	95	0.1	0.0	0.2
French Canadian	7,530	3,795	3,735	7.5	7.6	7.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,740	860	880	1.7	1.7	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,445	1,250	1,195	2.4	2.5	2.4
Métis	550	285	270	0.5	0.6	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,030	495	535	1.0	1.0	1.1
Russian	250	130	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Norwegian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	910	440	470	0.9	0.9	0.9
American	435	210	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	670	285	380	0.7	0.6	0.8
Swedish	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungarian	170	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Acadian	950	385	560	0.9	0.8	1.1
Pakistani	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	330	140	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Jewish	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	260	115	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	450	225	230	0.4	0.5	0.5
Greek	530	290	245	0.5	0.6	0.5
Jamaican	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	400	190	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanese	545	260	280	0.5	0.5	0.6
Iranian	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,025	510	515	1.0	1.0	1.0
Danish	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	485	245	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	745	375	360	0.7	0.8	0.7
Haitian	820	430	390	0.8	0.9	0.8
Hindu	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Muslim	170	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Egyptian	250	135	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	420	185	235	0.4	0.4	0.5
Moroccan	670	310	360	0.7	0.6	0.7
Czech	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	110	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	165	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	110	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	310	125	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
Brazilian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	170	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Slovak	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	125	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	395	170	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	80	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bulgarian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	255	135	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Latvian	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guatemalan	135	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	165	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Franco Ontarian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	175	50	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Moldovan	225	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	135	100	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Norman	120	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	50	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Atikamekw	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	35	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	100,060	49,745	50,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	285	120	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Christian	63,945	31,255	32,690	63.9	62.8	65.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,170	2,650	2,520	5.2	5.3	5.0
Anabaptist	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anglican	160	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baptist	200	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	56,010	27,320	28,690	56.0	54.9	57.0
Christian Orthodox	1,045	520	525	1.0	1.0	1.0
Jehovah's Witness	265	125	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	175	75	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Presbyterian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	730	330	400	0.7	0.7	0.8
Hindu	150	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jewish	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	2,255	1,085	1,165	2.3	2.2	2.3
Sikh	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	160	90	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
No religion and secular perspectives	33,125	17,050	16,070	33.1	34.3	31.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	98,865	49,090	49,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	87,520	43,720	43,800	88.5	89.1	88.0
Movers	11,345	5,370	5,975	11.5	10.9	12.0
Non-migrants	3,895	1,865	2,030	3.9	3.8	4.1
Migrants	7,450	3,505	3,950	7.5	7.1	7.9
Internal migrants	7,350	3,455	3,900	7.4	7.0	7.8
Intraprovincial migrants	7,245	3,405	3,835	7.3	6.9	7.7
Interprovincial migrants	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	93,800	46,480	47,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	52,810	26,760	26,045	56.3	57.6	55.0
Movers	40,990	19,720	21,275	43.7	42.4	45.0
Non-migrants	9,025	4,440	4,585	9.6	9.6	9.7
Migrants	31,965	15,275	16,690	34.1	32.9	35.3
Internal migrants	31,195	14,885	16,305	33.3	32.0	34.5
Intraprovincial migrants	30,760	14,660	16,100	32.8	31.5	34.0
Interprovincial migrants	435	225	210	0.5	0.5	0.4
External migrants	770	395	380	0.8	0.8	0.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,200	39,065	40,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	16,990	9,570	7,415	21.5	24.5	18.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	62,215	29,495	32,720	78.6	75.5	81.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,525	27,380	28,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,665	5,295	3,375	15.6	19.3	12.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	46,855	22,085	24,770	84.4	80.7	88.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,205	39,065	40,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,415	7,810	6,600	18.2	20.0	16.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,375	8,875	9,500	23.2	22.7	23.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	46,415	22,375	24,035	58.6	57.3	59.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	34,245	17,730	16,520	43.2	45.4	41.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,820	10,325	6,500	21.2	26.4	16.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,795	6,115	5,675	14.9	15.7	14.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,025	4,200	825	6.3	10.8	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,500	6,230	8,270	18.3	15.9	20.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,925	1,180	1,750	3.7	3.0	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,165	4,645	7,520	15.4	11.9	18.7
Bachelor's degree	8,715	3,265	5,450	11.0	8.4	13.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,170	400	765	1.5	1.0	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	215	85	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	1,850	785	1,065	2.3	2.0	2.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	220	110	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,530	27,380	28,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,660	3,955	2,705	12.0	14.4	9.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,555	5,225	5,325	19.0	19.1	18.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,320	18,195	20,115	69.0	66.5	71.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,630	14,335	13,300	49.8	52.4	47.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,885	8,415	5,475	25.0	30.7	19.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,700	4,895	4,805	17.5	17.9	17.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,180	3,515	670	7.5	12.8	2.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,465	5,000	6,460	20.6	18.3	22.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,280	915	1,365	4.1	3.3	4.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,685	3,860	6,825	19.2	14.1	24.2
Bachelor's degree	7,655	2,730	4,920	13.8	10.0	17.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,010	315	690	1.8	1.2	2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	200	70	125	0.4	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	1,625	645	985	2.9	2.4	3.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	200	100	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	79,205	39,065	40,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	32,790	16,690	16,100	41.4	42.7	40.1
Education	3,115	585	2,530	3.9	1.5	6.3
13. Education	3,115	585	2,530	3.9	1.5	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,545	615	930	2.0	1.6	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	285	195	90	0.4	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,265	425	840	1.6	1.1	2.1
Humanities	1,825	580	1,240	2.3	1.5	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	270	40	225	0.3	0.1	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,145	410	735	1.4	1.0	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
54. History	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	220	40	185	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,550	765	2,785	4.5	2.0	6.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	420	95	320	0.5	0.2	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,035	45	990	1.3	0.1	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	660	170	490	0.8	0.4	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	535	90	445	0.7	0.2	1.1
45. Social sciences	805	360	450	1.0	0.9	1.1
Business, management and public administration	10,425	3,350	7,075	13.2	8.6	17.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	565	95	470	0.7	0.2	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,850	3,250	6,605	12.4	8.3	16.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,185	555	630	1.5	1.4	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	425	135	290	0.5	0.3	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	210	130	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	205	95	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
40. Physical sciences	235	155	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,735	1,265	470	2.2	3.2	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,545	1,185	360	2.0	3.0	0.9
25. Library science	70	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,635	10,770	870	14.7	27.6	2.2
04. Architecture and related services	335	185	155	0.4	0.5	0.4
14. Engineering	1,410	1,205	205	1.8	3.1	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,850	1,620	230	2.3	4.1	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,405	3,310	90	4.3	8.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,050	2,940	105	3.9	7.5	0.3
48. Precision production	1,590	1,510	85	2.0	3.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	975	535	440	1.2	1.4	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	810	405	410	1.0	1.0	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	165	135	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Health and related fields	5,425	680	4,745	6.8	1.7	11.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	355	150	205	0.4	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,020	515	4,500	6.3	1.3	11.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,005	2,670	2,335	6.3	6.8	5.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,170	410	1,760	2.7	1.0	4.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,270	895	375	1.6	2.3	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,560	1,360	205	2.0	3.5	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	55,525	27,380	28,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,210	9,185	8,025	31.0	33.5	28.5
Education	2,425	395	2,030	4.4	1.4	7.2
13. Education	2,425	395	2,030	4.4	1.4	7.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,185	465	715	2.1	1.7	2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	235	165	70	0.4	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	950	300	650	1.7	1.1	2.3
Humanities	1,300	390	915	2.3	1.4	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	230	30	195	0.4	0.1	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	785	290	490	1.4	1.1	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
54. History	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	185	25	170	0.3	0.1	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,085	625	2,455	5.6	2.3	8.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	390	90	300	0.7	0.3	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	945	40	905	1.7	0.1	3.2
22. Legal professions and studies	550	140	405	1.0	0.5	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	440	65	380	0.8	0.2	1.4
45. Social sciences	675	285	390	1.2	1.0	1.4
Business, management and public administration	8,755	2,635	6,115	15.8	9.6	21.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	480	70	410	0.9	0.3	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,265	2,560	5,705	14.9	9.3	20.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	910	430	480	1.6	1.6	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	370	105	260	0.7	0.4	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	165	115	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	205	135	70	0.4	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	35	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,495	1,125	380	2.7	4.1	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,345	1,055	290	2.4	3.9	1.0
25. Library science	65	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,705	8,930	775	17.5	32.6	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	280	150	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
14. Engineering	1,290	1,100	195	2.3	4.0	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,490	1,295	195	2.7	4.7	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,795	2,720	80	5.0	9.9	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,515	2,420	95	4.5	8.8	0.3
48. Precision production	1,335	1,250	80	2.4	4.6	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	760	395	365	1.4	1.4	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	640	300	340	1.2	1.1	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	120	95	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Health and related fields	4,505	585	3,920	8.1	2.1	13.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	275	125	155	0.5	0.5	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,175	450	3,725	7.5	1.6	13.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,190	2,225	1,970	7.5	8.1	7.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,775	315	1,465	3.2	1.2	5.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,095	770	320	2.0	2.8	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,315	1,135	180	2.4	4.1	0.6
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	55,525	27,380	28,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,210	9,185	8,025	31.0	33.5	28.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	38,315	18,195	20,120	69.0	66.5	71.5
Location of study inside Canada	36,120	17,095	19,030	65.1	62.4	67.6
Same as province or territory of residence	35,445	16,780	18,660	63.8	61.3	66.3
Different than province or territory of residence	670	310	360	1.2	1.1	1.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,195	1,105	1,090	4.0	4.0	3.9
Americas	500	240	255	0.9	0.9	0.9
United States of America	140	105	40	0.3	0.4	0.1
Mexico	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Europe	935	515	420	1.7	1.9	1.5
Belgium	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	435	260	170	0.8	0.9	0.6
Germany	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	545	270	280	1.0	1.0	1.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	165	80	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tunisia	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	165	70	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asia	210	80	130	0.4	0.3	0.5
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	79,205	39,065	40,140	...	...	...
In the labour force	57,255	29,395	27,855	...	...	...
Employed	54,140	27,845	26,295	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,115	1,550	1,565	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	21,950	9,670	12,285	...	...	...
Participation rate	72.3	75.2	69.4	72.3	75.2	69.4
Employment rate	68.4	71.3	65.5	68.4	71.3	65.5
Unemployment rate	5.4	5.3	5.6	5.4	5.3	5.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	79,205	39,065	40,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	21,590	9,345	12,250	27.3	23.9	30.5
Worked	57,610	29,720	27,890	72.7	76.1	69.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	31,875	17,315	14,560	40.2	44.3	36.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	25,740	12,410	13,330	32.5	31.8	33.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	43.2	41.5	42.4	43.2	41.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	57,255	29,395	27,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	790	375	415	1.4	1.3	1.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	56,465	29,020	27,445	98.6	98.7	98.5
Employee	49,425	24,735	24,695	86.3	84.1	88.6
Permanent position	43,310	22,090	21,220	75.6	75.1	76.2
Temporary position	6,115	2,645	3,470	10.7	9.0	12.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,795	620	1,165	3.1	2.1	4.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,325	2,025	2,300	7.6	6.9	8.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,040	4,285	2,750	12.3	14.6	9.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	57,255	29,395	27,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	790	375	415	1.4	1.3	1.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	56,465	29,020	27,445	98.6	98.7	98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,085	770	315	1.9	2.6	1.1
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,025	2,760	7,265	17.5	9.4	26.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,035	3,065	965	7.0	10.4	3.5
3 Health occupations	4,040	450	3,585	7.1	1.5	12.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,575	1,560	5,015	11.5	5.3	18.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,230	555	675	2.1	1.9	2.4
6 Sales and service occupations	13,385	5,875	7,510	23.4	20.0	27.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,140	11,065	1,075	21.2	37.6	3.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,220	910	310	2.1	3.1	1.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,730	2,010	720	4.8	6.8	2.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	57,255	29,395	27,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	790	375	415	1.4	1.3	1.5
All industries¹⁹¹	56,465	29,020	27,445	98.6	98.7	98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,110	660	455	1.9	2.2	1.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	190	155	35	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	455	330	125	0.8	1.1	0.4
23 Construction	6,645	5,705	940	11.6	19.4	3.4
31-33 Manufacturing	6,640	4,745	1,895	11.6	16.1	6.8
41 Wholesale trade	2,140	1,325	815	3.7	4.5	2.9
44-45 Retail trade	7,515	3,575	3,935	13.1	12.2	14.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,210	2,290	920	5.6	7.8	3.3
51 Information and cultural industries	795	475	325	1.4	1.6	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	1,825	705	1,120	3.2	2.4	4.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	675	330	345	1.2	1.1	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,670	1,805	1,870	6.4	6.1	6.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,140	1,180	960	3.7	4.0	3.4
61 Educational services	3,560	765	2,795	6.2	2.6	10.0
62 Health care and social assistance	7,100	860	6,240	12.4	2.9	22.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	795	410	385	1.4	1.4	1.4
72 Accommodation and food services	2,315	920	1,390	4.0	3.1	5.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,545	1,160	1,385	4.4	3.9	5.0
91 Public administration	3,060	1,585	1,475	5.3	5.4	5.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	60,640	31,070	29,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,560	940	615	2.6	3.0	2.1
French	43,610	21,820	21,785	71.9	70.2	73.7
Non-official language	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	14,985	8,080	6,905	24.7	26.0	23.4
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	310	150	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	60,640	31,070	29,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	58,245	29,685	28,560	96.1	95.5	96.6
Official languages	58,165	29,660	28,505	95.9	95.5	96.4
English	3,900	2,205	1,695	6.4	7.1	5.7
French	54,265	27,450	26,815	89.5	88.3	90.7
Non-official languages	80	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,390	1,385	1,010	3.9	4.5	3.4
English and French	2,350	1,370	980	3.9	4.4	3.3
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	60,640	31,070	29,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	47,540	24,125	23,420	78.4	77.6	79.2
English	10,445	5,540	4,905	17.2	17.8	16.6
French	2,290	1,220	1,065	3.8	3.9	3.6
Non-official language	135	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	135	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	150	60	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	50	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	54,140	27,845	26,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,450	4,395	5,050	17.5	15.8	19.2
Worked outside Canada	70	55	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	7,610	5,990	1,620	14.1	21.5	6.2
Usual place of work	37,015	17,405	19,610	68.4	62.5	74.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	37,015	17,405	19,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	7,345	3,480	3,865	19.8	20.0	19.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,965	1,535	2,430	10.7	8.8	12.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	25,605	12,325	13,280	69.2	70.8	67.7
Commute to a different province or territory	100	65	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	44,625	23,390	21,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	42,035	22,240	19,795	94.2	95.1	93.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	40,400	21,500	18,900	90.5	91.9	89.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,635	745	895	3.7	3.2	4.2
Public transit	840	355	495	1.9	1.5	2.3
Walked	1,035	420	615	2.3	1.8	2.9
Bicycle	210	155	60	0.5	0.7	0.3
Other method	500	225	270	1.1	1.0	1.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	44,625	23,390	21,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,520	4,335	5,185	21.3	18.5	24.4
15 to 29 minutes	15,990	7,440	8,555	35.8	31.8	40.3
30 to 44 minutes	11,320	6,570	4,745	25.4	28.1	22.4
45 to 59 minutes	4,275	2,720	1,560	9.6	11.6	7.3
60 minutes and over	3,515	2,320	1,195	7.9	9.9	5.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	44,625	23,390	21,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,695	4,580	1,110	12.8	19.6	5.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,135	5,680	3,455	20.5	24.3	16.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,005	5,150	6,855	26.9	22.0	32.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,110	2,550	4,565	15.9	10.9	21.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,900	1,505	2,395	8.7	6.4	11.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,780	3,925	2,860	15.2	16.8	13.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	24,775	12,625	12,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,965	1,515	1,450	12.0	12.0	11.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,810	11,110	10,695	88.0	88.0	88.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,975	9,095	8,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,135	1,075	1,060	11.9	11.8	11.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,215	610	610	6.8	6.7	6.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	915	465	450	5.1	5.1	5.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,840	8,020	7,820	88.1	88.2	88.1

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 25, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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