Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	MirabelMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	132,930	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	117,652	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	13.0	...	...	13.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	54,019	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	52,539	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	158.9	...	...	158.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	836.53	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	132,930	66,880	66,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	27,710	14,265	13,440	20.8	21.3	20.3
0 to 4 years	8,495	4,410	4,085	6.4	6.6	6.2
5 to 9 years	9,645	5,005	4,640	7.3	7.5	7.0
10 to 14 years	9,570	4,855	4,720	7.2	7.3	7.1
15 to 64 years	87,695	44,000	43,695	66.0	65.8	66.2
15 to 19 years	7,365	3,715	3,640	5.5	5.6	5.5
20 to 24 years	6,370	3,190	3,185	4.8	4.8	4.8
25 to 29 years	8,385	4,100	4,285	6.3	6.1	6.5
30 to 34 years	9,330	4,585	4,745	7.0	6.9	7.2
35 to 39 years	10,000	4,950	5,055	7.5	7.4	7.7
40 to 44 years	10,460	5,210	5,250	7.9	7.8	7.9
45 to 49 years	9,055	4,730	4,320	6.8	7.1	6.5
50 to 54 years	8,580	4,365	4,210	6.5	6.5	6.4
55 to 59 years	9,515	4,820	4,690	7.2	7.2	7.1
60 to 64 years	8,640	4,325	4,310	6.5	6.5	6.5
65 years and over	17,520	8,615	8,915	13.2	12.9	13.5
65 to 69 years	6,500	3,250	3,260	4.9	4.9	4.9
70 to 74 years	5,070	2,510	2,550	3.8	3.8	3.9
75 to 79 years	3,275	1,630	1,650	2.5	2.4	2.5
80 to 84 years	1,670	830	840	1.3	1.2	1.3
85 years and over	1,005	395	610	0.8	0.6	0.9
85 to 89 years	700	295	405	0.5	0.4	0.6
90 to 94 years	245	90	160	0.2	0.1	0.2
95 to 99 years	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.8	21.3	20.3	20.8	21.3	20.3
15 to 64 years	66.0	65.8	66.2	66.0	65.8	66.2
65 years and over	13.2	12.9	13.5	13.2	12.9	13.5
85 years and over	0.8	0.6	0.9	0.8	0.6	0.9
Average age of the population	38.3	38.1	38.5	38.3	38.1	38.5
Median age of the population	38.8	38.8	38.8	38.8	38.8	38.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	52,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	34,570	...	...	65.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,820	...	...	3.5	...	...
Row house	375	...	...	0.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5,065	...	...	9.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,165	...	...	19.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	155	...	...	0.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	170	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	225	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	52,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,135	...	...	25.0	...	...
2 persons	18,250	...	...	34.7	...	...
3 persons	8,535	...	...	16.2	...	...
4 persons	8,465	...	...	16.1	...	...
5 or more persons	4,155	...	...	7.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	131,710	65,955	65,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	105,220	52,610	52,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	66,220	33,110	33,105	62.9	62.9	62.9
Married	31,225	15,670	15,550	29.7	29.8	29.6
Living common-law	34,990	17,435	17,550	33.3	33.1	33.4
Living common law - Never married	29,155	14,530	14,625	27.7	27.6	27.8
Living common law - Separated	345	175	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	4,945	2,485	2,460	4.7	4.7	4.7
Living common law - Widowed	540	245	300	0.5	0.5	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	39,005	19,495	19,505	37.1	37.1	37.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	28,515	15,475	13,045	27.1	29.4	24.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,225	560	670	1.2	1.1	1.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,715	2,390	3,320	5.4	4.5	6.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,540	1,075	2,465	3.4	2.0	4.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	38,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	18,850	...	...	48.7	...	...
3 persons	8,345	...	...	21.5	...	...
4 persons	8,190	...	...	21.1	...	...
5 or more persons	3,340	...	...	8.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	38,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	32,780	...	...	84.6	...	...
Married couples	15,290	...	...	39.5	...	...
With children⁶	7,150	...	...	18.5	...	...
Without children	8,145	...	...	21.0	...	...
Common-law couples	17,490	...	...	45.2	...	...
With children⁶	10,110	...	...	26.1	...	...
Without children	7,380	...	...	19.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,950	...	...	15.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,065	...	...	10.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,885	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	131,705	65,960	65,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	113,290	56,540	56,750	86.0	85.7	86.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	65,560	32,710	32,850	49.8	49.6	50.0
Parents in one-parent families	5,945	1,880	4,070	4.5	2.9	6.2
Children⁶	41,780	21,950	19,835	31.7	33.3	30.2
In a two-parent family	32,510	17,025	15,490	24.7	25.8	23.6
In a one-parent family	9,270	4,925	4,350	7.0	7.5	6.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,420	9,420	8,995	14.0	14.3	13.7
Living alone	13,130	6,720	6,415	10.0	10.2	9.8
Living with other relatives⁷	2,395	1,050	1,345	1.8	1.6	2.0
Living with non-relatives only	2,880	1,645	1,240	2.2	2.5	1.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	52,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	35,460	...	...	67.5	...	...
Couple-family households	30,465	...	...	58.0	...	...
With children⁶	16,185	...	...	30.8	...	...
Without children	14,280	...	...	27.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,990	...	...	9.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,035	...	...	2.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	245	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,310	...	...	2.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,360	...	...	2.6	...	...
One-person households	13,130	...	...	25.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	104,025	51,705	52,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	101,385	50,525	50,860	97.5	97.7	97.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	52,800	40,000	45,600	52,800	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	101,430	50,550	50,885	97.5	97.8	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,800	35,600	40,000	44,800	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	94,060	47,840	46,220	90.4	92.5	88.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	47,200	30,000	38,400	47,200	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,245	42,140	39,110	78.1	81.5	74.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,800	32,800	40,400	48,800	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,700	38,490	44,215	79.5	74.4	84.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	8,600	11,600	10,000	8,600	11,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,495	8,175	7,320	14.9	15.8	14.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,480	5,880	5,640	5,480	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,760	17,805	15,955	32.5	34.4	30.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,500	6,000	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	104,025	51,705	52,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	101,510	50,580	50,930	97.6	97.8	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,550	60,000	45,120	52,550	60,000	45,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	101,555	50,610	50,945	97.6	97.9	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,160	47,960	38,440	43,160	47,960	38,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,920	47,795	46,125	90.3	92.4	88.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,200	54,800	37,320	46,200	54,800	37,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,250	42,035	39,210	78.1	81.3	74.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,640	53,900	38,840	46,640	53,900	38,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,925	38,520	44,405	79.7	74.5	84.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,980	10,800	13,020	11,980	10,800	13,020
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,650	8,170	7,480	15.0	15.8	14.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,070	6,100	8,120	7,070	6,100	8,120
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,550	17,695	15,850	32.3	34.2	30.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,510	6,970	8,120	7,510	6,970	8,120
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	104,025	51,705	52,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	40,600	22,135	18,470	39.0	42.8	35.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	67,000	52,000	60,000	67,000	52,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,800	72,500	57,750	65,800	72,500	57,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	32,790	15,820	16,970	31.5	30.6	32.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,800	29,000	17,400	21,800	29,000	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,800	38,000	24,080	30,800	38,000	24,080
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.4	86.2	74.8	81.4	86.2	74.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.0	74.6	66.2	71.0	74.6	66.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.6	13.7	25.1	18.6	13.7	25.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	1.6	2.6	2.1	1.6	2.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.5	6.6	5.4	4.5	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	4.1	5.6	4.7	4.1	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	104,025	51,710	52,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,640	1,185	1,455	2.5	2.3	2.8
With total income	101,390	50,520	50,865	97.5	97.7	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,100	2,540	3,560	6.0	5.0	7.0
$10,000 to $19,999	9,975	3,700	6,275	9.8	7.3	12.3
$20,000 to $29,999	14,010	5,820	8,185	13.8	11.5	16.1
$30,000 to $39,999	12,730	5,375	7,350	12.6	10.6	14.5
$40,000 to $49,999	13,375	6,140	7,230	13.2	12.2	14.2
$50,000 to $59,999	11,430	5,655	5,775	11.3	11.2	11.4
$60,000 to $69,999	8,935	5,100	3,835	8.8	10.1	7.5
$70,000 to $79,999	6,970	4,295	2,670	6.9	8.5	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	5,500	3,330	2,170	5.4	6.6	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	3,740	2,355	1,385	3.7	4.7	2.7
$100,000 and over	8,625	6,195	2,430	8.5	12.3	4.8
$100,000 to $149,999	6,735	4,720	2,015	6.6	9.3	4.0
$150,000 and over	1,895	1,475	415	1.9	2.9	0.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	104,025	51,710	52,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,595	1,160	1,435	2.5	2.2	2.7
With after-tax income	101,430	50,545	50,885	97.5	97.7	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,550	2,680	3,865	6.5	5.3	7.6
$10,000 to $19,999	10,660	4,005	6,655	10.5	7.9	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	16,685	7,095	9,590	16.4	14.0	18.8
$30,000 to $39,999	16,850	7,570	9,280	16.6	15.0	18.2
$40,000 to $49,999	16,320	8,230	8,090	16.1	16.3	15.9
$50,000 to $59,999	12,525	7,130	5,400	12.3	14.1	10.6
$60,000 to $69,999	8,800	5,285	3,515	8.7	10.5	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	5,465	3,290	2,175	5.4	6.5	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	3,100	2,015	1,080	3.1	4.0	2.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,765	1,195	570	1.7	2.4	1.1
$100,000 and over	2,715	2,050	660	2.7	4.1	1.3
$100,000 to $124,999	1,620	1,195	430	1.6	2.4	0.8
$125,000 and over	1,090	860	235	1.1	1.7	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	104,025	51,710	52,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	22,775	9,565	13,210	21.9	18.5	25.2
With employment income	81,250	42,140	39,110	78.1	81.5	74.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,115	4,525	4,590	11.2	10.7	11.7
$5,000 to $9,999	5,830	2,330	3,500	7.2	5.5	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	9,235	3,745	5,495	11.4	8.9	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	7,935	3,280	4,655	9.8	7.8	11.9
$30,000 to $39,999	8,280	3,685	4,600	10.2	8.7	11.8
$40,000 to $49,999	8,470	3,990	4,480	10.4	9.5	11.5
$50,000 to $59,999	7,305	4,045	3,260	9.0	9.6	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	6,245	3,845	2,400	7.7	9.1	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	5,085	3,290	1,795	6.3	7.8	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	4,325	2,650	1,670	5.3	6.3	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,775	1,885	895	3.4	4.5	2.3
$100,000 and over	6,640	4,880	1,760	8.2	11.6	4.5
$100,000 to $124,999	3,820	2,730	1,090	4.7	6.5	2.8
$125,000 and over	2,820	2,145	670	3.5	5.1	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	104,025	51,705	52,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	99,625	49,585	50,045	95.8	95.9	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	51,600	37,200	43,600	51,600	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	99,680	49,590	50,095	95.8	95.9	95.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	43,600	33,200	38,400	43,600	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	92,715	47,165	45,550	89.1	91.2	87.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	49,200	31,600	39,600	49,200	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,240	41,970	39,275	78.1	81.2	75.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	50,400	33,600	40,800	50,400	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	72,575	32,310	40,265	69.8	62.5	77.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,850	4,680	8,300	6,850	4,680	8,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	14,430	7,745	6,695	13.9	15.0	12.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,640	4,240	5,280	4,640	4,240	5,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	104,025	51,705	52,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	99,825	49,765	50,065	96.0	96.2	95.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,360	58,400	42,360	50,360	58,400	42,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	99,905	49,765	50,140	96.0	96.2	95.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	46,440	36,000	41,200	46,440	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,595	47,150	45,440	89.0	91.2	86.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,120	56,150	37,800	47,120	56,150	37,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,985	41,745	39,240	77.9	80.7	75.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,240	55,050	38,920	47,240	55,050	38,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	72,705	32,355	40,345	69.9	62.6	77.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,110	8,000	10,000	9,110	8,000	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,250	7,590	6,660	13.7	14.7	12.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,730	5,400	8,240	6,730	5,400	8,240
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	104,025	51,705	52,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	40,450	22,050	18,400	38.9	42.6	35.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200	65,500	48,000	57,200	65,500	48,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,950	70,700	53,650	62,950	70,700	53,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	31,275	15,120	16,150	30.1	29.2	30.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,400	35,600	22,400	27,400	35,600	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,320	42,960	28,160	35,320	42,960	28,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.8	91.0	81.0	86.8	91.0	81.0
Employment income (%)	76.2	79.0	72.0	76.2	79.0	72.0
Government transfers (%)	13.2	8.9	19.0	13.2	8.9	19.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.4	2.6	1.9	1.4	2.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	52,540	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,130	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,800	...	...	44,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	39,405	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	52,535	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	101,500	...	...	101,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,400	...	...	83,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,105	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,800	...	...	49,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,240	...	...	41,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	39,435	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,700	...	...	118,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,500	...	...	97,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	52,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	195	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	150	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	355	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	555	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,725	...	...	3.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,295	...	...	2.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,305	...	...	2.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,815	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,985	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,945	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,845	...	...	7.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,770	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,595	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,700	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,570	...	...	6.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	22,730	...	...	43.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,610	...	...	14.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,560	...	...	10.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,065	...	...	11.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,500	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	52,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	260	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	165	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	370	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	615	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,895	...	...	3.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,600	...	...	3.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,760	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,360	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,400	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,375	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,695	...	...	8.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,755	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,625	...	...	8.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,500	...	...	8.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,850	...	...	7.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,305	...	...	31.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,630	...	...	14.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,370	...	...	8.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,305	...	...	8.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	38,445	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,445	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	17,380	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,670	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,015	8,365	7,650	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	48,000	38,400	42,800	48,000	38,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	40,800	34,400	37,600	40,800	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	38,460	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,300	...	...	118,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,100	...	...	97,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,510	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,300	...	...	100,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,300	...	...	82,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,365	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,200	...	...	145,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,300	...	...	118,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,670	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,300	...	...	81,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,100	...	...	69,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	16,080	8,355	7,730	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,640	52,550	44,400	48,640	52,550	44,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,440	42,600	38,080	40,440	42,600	38,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	131,710	65,960	65,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	32,295	16,560	15,735	24.5	25.1	23.9
0 to 5 years	10,410	5,415	4,995	7.9	8.2	7.6
18 to 64 years	82,210	40,915	41,295	62.4	62.0	62.8
65 years and over	17,200	8,485	8,715	13.1	12.9	13.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,950	4,105	4,845	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,915	1,005	915	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	610	325	285	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,355	2,065	2,295	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,685	1,045	1,640	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.8	6.2	7.4	6.8	6.2	7.4
0 to 17 years (%)	5.9	6.0	5.8	5.9	6.0	5.8
0 to 5 years (%)	5.9	6.0	5.7	5.9	6.0	5.7
18 to 64 years (%)	5.3	5.0	5.6	5.3	5.0	5.6
65 years and over (%)	15.6	12.3	18.8	15.6	12.3	18.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	131,710	65,960	65,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	32,300	16,560	15,740	24.5	25.1	23.9
0 to 5 years	10,410	5,420	4,990	7.9	8.2	7.6
18 to 64 years	82,210	40,915	41,295	62.4	62.0	62.8
65 years and over	17,205	8,485	8,720	13.1	12.9	13.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,835	1,415	1,420	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	485	230	255	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	145	75	65	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,905	1,005	900	...	...	...
65 years and over	445	180	270	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.2
0 to 17 years (%)	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.6
0 to 5 years (%)	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4
18 to 64 years (%)	2.3	2.5	2.2	2.3	2.5	2.2
65 years and over (%)	2.6	2.1	3.1	2.6	2.1	3.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	131,710	65,960	65,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	65,160	31,805	33,355	49.5	48.2	50.7
In bottom decile	7,275	3,395	3,880	5.5	5.1	5.9
In second decile	11,150	5,240	5,910	8.5	7.9	9.0
In third decile	14,195	6,895	7,300	10.8	10.5	11.1
In fourth decile	15,750	7,930	7,820	12.0	12.0	11.9
In fifth decile	16,785	8,340	8,445	12.7	12.6	12.8
In top half of the distribution	66,550	34,160	32,395	50.5	51.8	49.3
In sixth decile	17,370	8,815	8,550	13.2	13.4	13.0
In seventh decile	16,775	8,650	8,125	12.7	13.1	12.4
In eighth decile	14,585	7,420	7,165	11.1	11.2	10.9
In ninth decile	11,450	5,940	5,510	8.7	9.0	8.4
In top decile	6,370	3,325	3,045	4.8	5.0	4.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	131,710	...	...	131,710	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.264	...	...	0.264	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.370	...	...	0.370	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.227	...	...	0.227	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	132,160	66,190	65,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	1,215	645	570	0.9	1.0	0.9
French only	70,310	33,580	36,730	53.2	50.7	55.7
English and French	60,275	31,780	28,495	45.6	48.0	43.2
Neither English nor French	360	185	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	132,160	66,190	65,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	5,350	2,740	2,610	4.0	4.1	4.0
French	124,440	62,215	62,225	94.2	94.0	94.3
English and French	2,040	1,065	975	1.5	1.6	1.5
Neither English nor French	330	170	160	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	132,160	66,190	65,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	129,205	64,700	64,505	97.8	97.7	97.8
Official languages	123,150	61,700	61,455	93.2	93.2	93.2
English	3,845	2,000	1,850	2.9	3.0	2.8
French	119,305	59,700	59,605	90.3	90.2	90.4
Non-official languages	6,055	3,005	3,055	4.6	4.5	4.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,045	3,000	3,045	4.6	4.5	4.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,190	625	565	0.9	0.9	0.9
Berber languages	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,070	555	515	0.8	0.8	0.8
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,070	555	510	0.8	0.8	0.8
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	85	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	5	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,795	1,900	1,895	2.9	2.9	2.9
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	520	240	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	520	240	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	305	140	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	125	80	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	310	160	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	195	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dari	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,690	1,340	1,350	2.0	2.0	2.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	305	170	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	530	255	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	510	255	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	1,345	665	675	1.0	1.0	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	200	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,955	1,490	1,465	2.2	2.3	2.2
English and French	1,770	915	860	1.3	1.4	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	185	100	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	705	330	375	0.5	0.5	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	240	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	132,160	66,190	65,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,700	1,400	1,305	2.0	2.1	2.0
French	116,040	57,965	58,070	87.8	87.6	88.0
Non-official language	1,495	770	730	1.1	1.2	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,495	770	730	1.1	1.2	1.1
English and French	6,900	3,625	3,275	5.2	5.5	5.0
English and non-official language(s)	510	255	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	2,610	1,250	1,355	2.0	1.9	2.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,840	890	950	1.4	1.3	1.4
Multiple non-official languages	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	132,160	66,190	65,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	129,175	64,710	64,460	97.7	97.8	97.7
Official languages	126,445	63,345	63,105	95.7	95.7	95.7
English	4,230	2,165	2,065	3.2	3.3	3.1
French	122,220	61,180	61,035	92.5	92.4	92.5
Non-official languages	2,730	1,365	1,365	2.1	2.1	2.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,730	1,365	1,365	2.1	2.1	2.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	480	235	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	445	215	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	445	215	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,845	935	910	1.4	1.4	1.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	300	155	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	300	155	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	65	35	35	0.0	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	165	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,240	630	610	0.9	1.0	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	170	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	350	175	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	690	360	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,985	1,480	1,505	2.3	2.2	2.3
English and French	1,750	890	865	1.3	1.3	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	195	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	785	390	400	0.6	0.6	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	240	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	132,160	66,190	65,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	122,725	61,385	61,340	92.9	92.7	93.0
English	4,595	2,440	2,155	3.5	3.7	3.3
French	1,810	890	925	1.4	1.3	1.4
Non-official language	1,685	820	860	1.3	1.2	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,675	815	855	1.3	1.2	1.3
English and French	250	135	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	665	335	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	295	135	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	131,710	65,960	65,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	131,380	65,830	65,545	99.7	99.8	99.7
English	61,415	32,330	29,095	46.6	49.0	44.3
French	130,200	65,245	64,955	98.9	98.9	98.8
Non-official languages	11,415	5,250	6,170	8.7	8.0	9.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,390	5,235	6,155	8.6	7.9	9.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,945	925	1,015	1.5	1.4	1.5
Berber languages	175	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,860	885	970	1.4	1.3	1.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,850	875	970	1.4	1.3	1.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	255	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	110	30	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	0	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	605	290	315	0.5	0.4	0.5
Haitian Creole	435	230	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	60	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,455	3,455	3,995	5.7	5.2	6.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	745	335	410	0.6	0.5	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	740	330	410	0.6	0.5	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	490	245	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	65	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	310	145	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	260	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	260	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	40	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	310	180	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	475	245	230	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	260	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	135	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	260	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	190	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iranian Persian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,930	2,685	3,245	4.5	4.1	4.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	860	395	465	0.7	0.6	0.7
Portuguese	810	415	400	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	610	290	320	0.5	0.4	0.5
Spanish	4,030	1,735	2,300	3.1	2.6	3.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	540	260	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	195	65	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	165	55	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	220	80	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	220	80	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	175	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	131,705	65,960	65,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,720	1,375	1,345	2.1	2.1	2.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,460	1,260	1,200	1.9	1.9	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,550	770	780	1.2	1.2	1.2
Métis	905	490	415	0.7	0.7	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	150	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	128,990	64,590	64,400	97.9	97.9	97.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	131,705	65,960	65,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	795	395	405	0.6	0.6	0.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	130,910	65,570	65,350	99.4	99.4	99.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	52,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	38,920	...	...	74.1	...	...
Renter	13,620	...	...	25.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	52,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,600	...	...	12.6	...	...
Not condominium	45,940	...	...	87.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	52,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	55	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	5,095	...	...	9.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	15,570	...	...	29.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,900	...	...	36.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,920	...	...	24.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	52,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	13,460	...	...	25.6	...	...
5 rooms	8,630	...	...	16.4	...	...
6 rooms	6,850	...	...	13.0	...	...
7 rooms	7,040	...	...	13.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	16,555	...	...	31.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	52,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	52,265	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	275	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	52,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	51,270	...	...	97.6	...	...
Not suitable	1,270	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	52,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,375	...	...	8.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	7,620	...	...	14.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,540	...	...	10.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,640	...	...	14.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	5,405	...	...	10.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	6,885	...	...	13.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	7,050	...	...	13.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	8,020	...	...	15.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	52,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	50,660	...	...	96.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,880	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	52,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	24,725	...	...	47.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	26,635	...	...	50.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,180	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	52,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,165	...	...	2.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	8,580	...	...	16.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	11,365	...	...	21.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,215	...	...	19.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,525	...	...	20.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,085	...	...	13.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,980	...	...	5.7	...	...
85 years and over	635	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	52,115	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	45,440	...	...	87.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,670	...	...	12.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,305	...	...	12.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	52,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,370	...	...	17.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,280	...	...	12.0	...	...
Not suitable only	1,105	...	...	2.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,530	...	...	2.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	110	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	285	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	43,170	...	...	82.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	51,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,450	...	...	4.7	...	...
Not in core need	49,295	...	...	95.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	38,570	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	76.0	...	...	76.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.9	...	...	8.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,310	...	...	1,310	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300	...	...	1,300	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	379,200	...	...	379,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,600	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.0	...	...	24.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	12.6	...	...	12.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950	...	...	950	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	967	...	...	967	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	131,710	65,955	65,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,600	1,295	1,300	2.0	2.0	2.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,545	1,285	1,260	1.9	1.9	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,170	1,070	1,100	1.6	1.6	1.7
Métis single ancestry	355	210	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	50	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	50	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,020	2,030	1,985	3.1	3.1	3.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,985	2,020	1,970	3.0	3.1	3.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,650	1,860	1,790	2.8	2.8	2.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	325	155	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	125,090	62,630	62,460	95.0	95.0	95.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	131,710	65,960	65,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	129,625	64,980	64,645	98.4	98.5	98.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	31,960	16,370	15,590	24.3	24.8	23.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	97,670	48,615	49,055	74.2	73.7	74.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,085	980	1,105	1.6	1.5	1.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	131,710	65,960	65,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	123,625	62,045	61,580	93.9	94.1	93.7
Immigrants⁸¹	7,640	3,690	3,950	5.8	5.6	6.0
Before 1980	980	525	450	0.7	0.8	0.7
1980 to 1990	630	310	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
1991 to 2000	1,145	565	580	0.9	0.9	0.9
2001 to 2010	2,480	1,180	1,305	1.9	1.8	2.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,400	1,105	1,295	1.8	1.7	2.0
2011 to 2015	1,520	685	835	1.2	1.0	1.3
2016 to 2021	880	420	455	0.7	0.6	0.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	445	220	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,635	3,690	3,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,020	455	565	13.4	12.3	14.3
5 to 14 years	1,520	745	770	19.9	20.2	19.5
15 to 24 years	1,155	530	620	15.1	14.4	15.7
25 to 44 years	3,560	1,770	1,790	46.6	48.0	45.3
45 years and over	390	190	200	5.1	5.1	5.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,635	3,690	3,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,565	680	885	20.5	18.4	22.4
Brazil	65	35	35	0.9	0.9	0.9
Colombia	375	160	220	4.9	4.3	5.6
El Salvador	60	20	40	0.8	0.5	1.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	285	150	140	3.7	4.1	3.5
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Mexico	120	45	75	1.6	1.2	1.9
Peru	60	30	30	0.8	0.8	0.8
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	170	75	90	2.2	2.0	2.3
Other places of birth in Americas	415	170	250	5.4	4.6	6.3
Europe	2,635	1,375	1,255	34.5	37.3	31.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Croatia	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
France	995	560	440	13.0	15.2	11.1
Germany	65	40	30	0.9	1.1	0.8
Greece	40	30	0	0.5	0.8	0.0
Hungary	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italy	115	65	45	1.5	1.8	1.1
Netherlands	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Poland	85	35	50	1.1	0.9	1.3
Portugal	235	120	115	3.1	3.3	2.9
Romania	275	135	145	3.6	3.7	3.7
Russian Federation	105	55	50	1.4	1.5	1.3
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	95	40	50	1.2	1.1	1.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	15	15	0.5	0.4	0.4
Other places of birth in Europe	530	260	270	6.9	7.0	6.8
Africa	2,160	1,050	1,105	28.3	28.5	28.0
Algeria	300	130	165	3.9	3.5	4.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	130	65	70	1.7	1.8	1.8
Egypt	160	95	70	2.1	2.6	1.8
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	570	280	290	7.5	7.6	7.3
Nigeria	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	975	470	500	12.8	12.7	12.7
Asia	1,275	575	695	16.7	15.6	17.6
Afghanistan	120	55	65	1.6	1.5	1.6
Iran⁸⁸	45	25	25	0.6	0.7	0.6
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	240	120	120	3.1	3.3	3.0
Syria⁸⁹	60	25	30	0.8	0.7	0.8
Turkey	80	45	35	1.0	1.2	0.9
China⁹⁰	115	40	75	1.5	1.1	1.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	55	30	25	0.7	0.8	0.6
Taiwan	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Philippines	55	0	50	0.7	0.0	1.3
Viet Nam	80	30	55	1.0	0.8	1.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	35	15	15	0.5	0.4	0.4
Pakistan	80	40	40	1.0	1.1	1.0
Sri Lanka	45	15	25	0.6	0.4	0.6
Other places of birth in Asia	220	105	110	2.9	2.8	2.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	885	425	460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	155	65	90	17.5	15.3	19.6
Brazil	15	10	10	1.7	2.4	2.2
Colombia	30	10	25	3.4	2.4	5.4
Haiti	25	10	10	2.8	2.4	2.2
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	20	15	0	2.3	3.5	0.0
United States of America	25	0	15	2.8	0.0	3.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	40	20	25	4.5	4.7	5.4
Europe	315	180	135	35.6	42.4	29.3
France	195	120	80	22.0	28.2	17.4
Germany	10	10	0	1.1	2.4	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	95	55	40	10.7	12.9	8.7
Africa	290	115	175	32.8	27.1	38.0
Algeria	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	2.2
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	50	20	25	5.6	4.7	5.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	10	0	1.7	2.4	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	20	0	20	2.3	0.0	4.3
Egypt	15	10	10	1.7	2.4	2.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	65	25	40	7.3	5.9	8.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	20	10	10	2.3	2.4	2.2
Other places of birth in Africa	90	40	50	10.2	9.4	10.9
Asia	115	50	65	13.0	11.8	14.1
Afghanistan	10	10	0	1.1	2.4	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10	1.7	0.0	2.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	2.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	25	15	15	2.8	3.5	3.3
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	15	10	10	1.7	2.4	2.2
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	15	1.7	0.0	3.3
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	131,705	65,960	65,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	8,615	4,150	4,465	6.5	6.3	6.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	8,485	4,265	4,220	6.4	6.5	6.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	114,610	57,545	57,065	87.0	87.2	86.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	6,660	3,165	3,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,770	1,935	1,835	56.6	61.1	52.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,650	1,005	655	24.8	31.8	18.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,120	940	1,180	31.8	29.7	33.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,950	795	1,145	29.3	25.1	32.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	875	410	460	13.1	13.0	13.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	70	15	55	1.1	0.5	1.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	6,660	3,165	3,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	535	265	265	8.0	8.4	7.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	535	260	275	8.0	8.2	7.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	135	80	50	2.0	2.5	1.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	315	205	110	4.7	6.5	3.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	45	10	35	0.7	0.3	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	5,100	2,345	2,755	76.6	74.1	78.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	131,705	65,960	65,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	7,975	3,745	4,235	6.1	5.7	6.4
South Asian	475	230	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese	330	110	225	0.3	0.2	0.3
Black	2,690	1,345	1,345	2.0	2.0	2.0
Filipino	110	20	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab	1,835	895	940	1.4	1.4	1.4
Latin American	1,265	565	700	1.0	0.9	1.1
Southeast Asian	595	280	320	0.5	0.4	0.5
West Asian	260	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	260	95	170	0.2	0.1	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	123,730	62,220	61,515	93.9	94.3	93.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	131,710	65,960	65,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	49,800	24,835	24,965	37.8	37.7	38.0
English	2,060	990	1,065	1.6	1.5	1.6
Irish	6,800	3,245	3,550	5.2	4.9	5.4
Scottish	2,495	1,155	1,335	1.9	1.8	2.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	28,930	14,500	14,430	22.0	22.0	21.9
German	1,895	850	1,040	1.4	1.3	1.6
Chinese	450	160	295	0.3	0.2	0.4
Italian	4,505	2,130	2,375	3.4	3.2	3.6
Indian (India)	260	140	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	535	275	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dutch	185	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	785	355	425	0.6	0.5	0.6
Québécois	20,580	10,560	10,020	15.6	16.0	15.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	385	210	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Filipino	125	25	100	0.1	0.0	0.2
French Canadian	9,995	5,045	4,955	7.6	7.6	7.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,195	1,085	1,115	1.7	1.6	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,125	1,590	1,540	2.4	2.4	2.3
Métis	765	390	375	0.6	0.6	0.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,430	700	735	1.1	1.1	1.1
Russian	295	155	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norwegian	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	1,155	555	605	0.9	0.8	0.9
American	555	270	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	805	330	475	0.6	0.5	0.7
Swedish	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungarian	220	95	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Acadian	1,355	585	770	1.0	0.9	1.2
Pakistani	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	415	175	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Jewish	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	260	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	540	280	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Greek	620	330	285	0.5	0.5	0.4
Jamaican	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	430	215	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lebanese	630	310	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iranian	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,340	665	675	1.0	1.0	1.0
Danish	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	675	330	340	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	1,040	510	525	0.8	0.8	0.8
Haitian	1,065	560	500	0.8	0.8	0.8
Hindu	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mexican	270	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	270	160	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	50	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	305	155	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	170	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	275	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	480	205	280	0.4	0.3	0.4
Moroccan	740	335	405	0.6	0.5	0.6
Czech	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	160	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	350	140	215	0.3	0.2	0.3
Brazilian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	195	105	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slovak	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	65	35	35	0.0	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	535	235	305	0.4	0.4	0.5
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	100	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	115	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	250	140	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	140	85	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	125	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	270	150	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	205	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guatemalan	155	55	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	190	75	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Franco Ontarian	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	45	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	225	75	150	0.2	0.1	0.2
Moldovan	220	95	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	210	75	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	190	125	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	355	140	215	0.3	0.2	0.3
Norman	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	80	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	60	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	60	35	35	0.0	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	40	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Beninese	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	131,710	65,960	65,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	315	120	195	0.2	0.2	0.3
Christian	83,520	41,135	42,390	63.4	62.4	64.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,600	3,375	3,225	5.0	5.1	4.9
Anabaptist	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anglican	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baptist	225	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	73,595	36,205	37,390	55.9	54.9	56.9
Christian Orthodox	1,095	535	560	0.8	0.8	0.9
Jehovah's Witness	335	160	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	190	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Presbyterian	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	90	30	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,020	450	570	0.8	0.7	0.9
Hindu	165	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jewish	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	2,435	1,185	1,245	1.8	1.8	1.9
Sikh	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	44,930	23,260	21,670	34.1	35.3	33.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	130,120	65,135	64,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	115,400	58,050	57,350	88.7	89.1	88.2
Movers	14,720	7,085	7,640	11.3	10.9	11.8
Non-migrants	4,875	2,375	2,505	3.7	3.6	3.9
Migrants	9,845	4,710	5,135	7.6	7.2	7.9
Internal migrants	9,710	4,640	5,075	7.5	7.1	7.8
Intraprovincial migrants	9,565	4,560	5,005	7.4	7.0	7.7
Interprovincial migrants	145	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	135	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	123,235	61,510	61,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	70,960	36,205	34,760	57.6	58.9	56.3
Movers	52,280	25,310	26,970	42.4	41.1	43.7
Non-migrants	11,345	5,675	5,675	9.2	9.2	9.2
Migrants	40,925	19,635	21,295	33.2	31.9	34.5
Internal migrants	40,015	19,175	20,840	32.5	31.2	33.8
Intraprovincial migrants	39,465	18,875	20,590	32.0	30.7	33.4
Interprovincial migrants	545	295	255	0.4	0.5	0.4
External migrants	915	460	460	0.7	0.7	0.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	104,025	51,705	52,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	23,150	13,205	9,940	22.3	25.5	19.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	80,880	38,495	42,380	77.8	74.5	81.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	73,240	36,380	36,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,080	7,450	4,630	16.5	20.5	12.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	61,160	28,935	32,225	83.5	79.5	87.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	104,025	51,705	52,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,420	10,610	8,815	18.7	20.5	16.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,945	11,580	12,365	23.0	22.4	23.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	60,655	29,520	31,135	58.3	57.1	59.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	45,800	23,975	21,825	44.0	46.4	41.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	23,150	14,420	8,730	22.3	27.9	16.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	16,220	8,585	7,635	15.6	16.6	14.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,935	5,835	1,095	6.7	11.3	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,965	8,105	10,860	18.2	15.7	20.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,675	1,445	2,235	3.5	2.8	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,855	5,550	9,305	14.3	10.7	17.8
Bachelor's degree	10,740	3,915	6,820	10.3	7.6	13.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,405	495	910	1.4	1.0	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	245	85	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	2,200	915	1,280	2.1	1.8	2.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	270	135	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	73,235	36,380	36,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,150	5,445	3,700	12.5	15.0	10.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,010	6,950	7,060	19.1	19.1	19.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,080	23,985	26,090	68.4	65.9	70.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,020	19,385	17,635	50.5	53.3	47.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	19,100	11,750	7,355	26.1	32.3	20.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	13,365	6,915	6,450	18.2	19.0	17.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,740	4,840	905	7.8	13.3	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,040	6,535	8,500	20.5	18.0	23.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,880	1,105	1,780	3.9	3.0	4.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,060	4,595	8,460	17.8	12.6	23.0
Bachelor's degree	9,445	3,275	6,175	12.9	9.0	16.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,215	390	825	1.7	1.1	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	220	70	155	0.3	0.2	0.4
Master's degree	1,940	750	1,190	2.6	2.1	3.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	245	120	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	104,025	51,710	52,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	43,370	22,185	21,185	41.7	42.9	40.5
Education	4,095	800	3,290	3.9	1.5	6.3
13. Education	4,095	800	3,290	3.9	1.5	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,960	800	1,160	1.9	1.5	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	360	260	100	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,605	540	1,065	1.5	1.0	2.0
Humanities	2,360	785	1,580	2.3	1.5	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	305	40	255	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,510	545	970	1.5	1.1	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
54. History	120	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	270	50	220	0.3	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,615	945	3,665	4.4	1.8	7.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	520	135	385	0.5	0.3	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,400	55	1,345	1.3	0.1	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	780	190	590	0.7	0.4	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	0	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	720	110	610	0.7	0.2	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,075	445	630	1.0	0.9	1.2
Business, management and public administration	13,250	4,155	9,095	12.7	8.0	17.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	750	140	610	0.7	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,485	4,010	8,475	12.0	7.8	16.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,475	710	765	1.4	1.4	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	500	165	340	0.5	0.3	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	290	175	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	240	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
40. Physical sciences	300	205	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,180	1,565	620	2.1	3.0	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,930	1,460	470	1.9	2.8	0.9
25. Library science	110	25	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15,750	14,570	1,180	15.1	28.2	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	420	235	190	0.4	0.5	0.4
14. Engineering	1,615	1,375	240	1.6	2.7	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,600	2,250	350	2.5	4.4	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,670	4,540	130	4.5	8.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,140	4,000	145	4.0	7.7	0.3
48. Precision production	2,300	2,175	125	2.2	4.2	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,295	670	620	1.2	1.3	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,045	475	570	1.0	0.9	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	245	195	50	0.2	0.4	0.1
Health and related fields	7,015	885	6,130	6.7	1.7	11.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	425	190	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,525	680	5,845	6.3	1.3	11.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,665	3,635	3,025	6.4	7.0	5.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,870	580	2,285	2.8	1.1	4.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,605	1,145	460	1.5	2.2	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,180	1,895	280	2.1	3.7	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	73,240	36,385	36,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,155	12,395	10,760	31.6	34.1	29.2
Education	3,180	555	2,630	4.3	1.5	7.1
13. Education	3,180	555	2,630	4.3	1.5	7.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,515	610	905	2.1	1.7	2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	295	210	80	0.4	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,215	395	825	1.7	1.1	2.2
Humanities	1,625	495	1,130	2.2	1.4	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	250	35	215	0.3	0.1	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,015	360	655	1.4	1.0	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
54. History	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	215	25	190	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,995	735	3,255	5.5	2.0	8.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	465	105	360	0.6	0.3	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,280	50	1,230	1.7	0.1	3.3
22. Legal professions and studies	640	155	485	0.9	0.4	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	620	75	540	0.8	0.2	1.5
45. Social sciences	885	335	550	1.2	0.9	1.5
Business, management and public administration	11,130	3,300	7,830	15.2	9.1	21.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	615	90	525	0.8	0.2	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,505	3,205	7,295	14.3	8.8	19.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,135	535	595	1.5	1.5	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	445	130	320	0.6	0.4	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	220	145	85	0.3	0.4	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	75	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	260	170	90	0.4	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	45	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,870	1,380	485	2.6	3.8	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,675	1,305	365	2.3	3.6	1.0
25. Library science	80	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,140	12,085	1,055	17.9	33.2	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	355	190	165	0.5	0.5	0.4
14. Engineering	1,490	1,260	230	2.0	3.5	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,100	1,800	305	2.9	4.9	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,860	3,750	110	5.3	10.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,425	3,295	125	4.7	9.1	0.3
48. Precision production	1,905	1,785	115	2.6	4.9	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,010	500	515	1.4	1.4	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	835	360	470	1.1	1.0	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	180	140	45	0.2	0.4	0.1
Health and related fields	5,915	775	5,140	8.1	2.1	13.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	345	160	185	0.5	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,505	600	4,905	7.5	1.6	13.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,560	3,015	2,545	7.6	8.3	6.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,340	445	1,890	3.2	1.2	5.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,375	975	400	1.9	2.7	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,840	1,590	255	2.5	4.4	0.7
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	73,240	36,385	36,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,155	12,395	10,760	31.6	34.1	29.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	50,080	23,985	26,095	68.4	65.9	70.8
Location of study inside Canada	47,565	22,755	24,810	64.9	62.5	67.3
Same as province or territory of residence	46,715	22,345	24,370	63.8	61.4	66.1
Different than province or territory of residence	850	410	440	1.2	1.1	1.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,510	1,230	1,280	3.4	3.4	3.5
Americas	575	260	310	0.8	0.7	0.8
United States of America	160	115	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mexico	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	130	50	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Peru	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	100	25	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Europe	1,105	600	505	1.5	1.6	1.4
Belgium	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	550	320	230	0.8	0.9	0.6
Germany	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	120	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	595	285	305	0.8	0.8	0.8
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	135	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	170	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisia	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	190	80	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Asia	230	85	150	0.3	0.2	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oceania	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	104,025	51,705	52,320	...	...	...
In the labour force	74,965	38,855	36,110	...	...	...
Employed	70,825	36,715	34,105	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,145	2,140	2,005	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	29,060	12,850	16,215	...	...	...
Participation rate	72.1	75.1	69.0	72.1	75.1	69.0
Employment rate	68.1	71.0	65.2	68.1	71.0	65.2
Unemployment rate	5.5	5.5	5.6	5.5	5.5	5.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	104,025	51,705	52,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	28,465	12,425	16,040	27.4	24.0	30.7
Worked	75,560	39,280	36,280	72.6	76.0	69.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	41,450	22,695	18,760	39.8	43.9	35.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	34,110	16,590	17,515	32.8	32.1	33.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.3	43.1	41.4	42.3	43.1	41.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	74,965	38,860	36,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,025	490	540	1.4	1.3	1.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	73,935	38,365	35,570	98.6	98.7	98.5
Employee	64,675	32,625	32,055	86.3	84.0	88.8
Permanent position	56,555	29,030	27,520	75.4	74.7	76.2
Temporary position	8,125	3,595	4,535	10.8	9.3	12.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,395	885	1,510	3.2	2.3	4.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,735	2,710	3,025	7.7	7.0	8.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,260	5,740	3,515	12.4	14.8	9.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	74,965	38,860	36,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,025	490	540	1.4	1.3	1.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	73,935	38,365	35,570	98.6	98.7	98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,455	1,075	385	1.9	2.8	1.1
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,845	3,490	9,355	17.1	9.0	25.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,110	3,865	1,245	6.8	9.9	3.4
3 Health occupations	5,310	605	4,710	7.1	1.6	13.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,545	2,025	6,520	11.4	5.2	18.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,555	720	835	2.1	1.9	2.3
6 Sales and service occupations	17,330	7,570	9,760	23.1	19.5	27.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	16,770	15,305	1,465	22.4	39.4	4.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,420	1,080	340	1.9	2.8	0.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,595	2,635	955	4.8	6.8	2.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	74,965	38,860	36,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,025	490	540	1.4	1.3	1.5
All industries¹⁹¹	73,935	38,365	35,570	98.6	98.7	98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,230	715	515	1.6	1.8	1.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	245	195	50	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	595	445	145	0.8	1.1	0.4
23 Construction	9,205	7,930	1,270	12.3	20.4	3.5
31-33 Manufacturing	8,760	6,255	2,510	11.7	16.1	7.0
41 Wholesale trade	2,845	1,790	1,055	3.8	4.6	2.9
44-45 Retail trade	9,640	4,575	5,060	12.9	11.8	14.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,250	3,060	1,185	5.7	7.9	3.3
51 Information and cultural industries	970	565	400	1.3	1.5	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	2,235	880	1,355	3.0	2.3	3.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	870	415	455	1.2	1.1	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,625	2,280	2,350	6.2	5.9	6.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,875	1,675	1,200	3.8	4.3	3.3
61 Educational services	4,575	1,015	3,565	6.1	2.6	9.9
62 Health care and social assistance	9,360	1,120	8,235	12.5	2.9	22.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,025	505	515	1.4	1.3	1.4
72 Accommodation and food services	3,155	1,280	1,880	4.2	3.3	5.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,385	1,575	1,810	4.5	4.1	5.0
91 Public administration	4,020	2,060	1,960	5.4	5.3	5.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	79,405	41,015	38,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,875	1,135	735	2.4	2.8	1.9
French	58,255	29,450	28,800	73.4	71.8	75.0
Non-official language	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	18,670	10,145	8,530	23.5	24.7	22.2
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	135	60	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	380	190	185	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	79,405	41,015	38,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	76,435	39,280	37,155	96.3	95.8	96.8
Official languages	76,345	39,255	37,095	96.1	95.7	96.6
English	4,730	2,700	2,035	6.0	6.6	5.3
French	71,610	36,550	35,060	90.2	89.1	91.3
Non-official languages	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,965	1,730	1,235	3.7	4.2	3.2
English and French	2,870	1,700	1,175	3.6	4.1	3.1
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	45	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	79,405	41,015	38,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	63,060	32,295	30,765	79.4	78.7	80.1
English	13,120	6,990	6,130	16.5	17.0	16.0
French	2,795	1,515	1,285	3.5	3.7	3.3
Non-official language	150	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	150	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	175	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	65	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	70,820	36,715	34,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	11,915	5,470	6,440	16.8	14.9	18.9
Worked outside Canada	105	85	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	10,270	8,230	2,040	14.5	22.4	6.0
Usual place of work	48,535	22,925	25,605	68.5	62.4	75.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	48,535	22,930	25,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,870	4,155	4,715	18.3	18.1	18.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,925	2,660	4,265	14.3	11.6	16.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	32,610	16,035	16,580	67.2	69.9	64.8
Commute to a different province or territory	130	80	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	58,805	31,160	27,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	55,580	29,755	25,830	94.5	95.5	93.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	53,445	28,765	24,680	90.9	92.3	89.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,135	985	1,150	3.6	3.2	4.2
Public transit	1,035	435	600	1.8	1.4	2.2
Walked	1,320	520	800	2.2	1.7	2.9
Bicycle	230	170	60	0.4	0.5	0.2
Other method	640	285	355	1.1	0.9	1.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	58,805	31,160	27,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	11,745	5,350	6,400	20.0	17.2	23.2
15 to 29 minutes	20,510	9,620	10,895	34.9	30.9	39.4
30 to 44 minutes	15,220	8,670	6,550	25.9	27.8	23.7
45 to 59 minutes	6,220	4,065	2,160	10.6	13.0	7.8
60 minutes and over	5,100	3,465	1,640	8.7	11.1	5.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	58,805	31,160	27,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	7,830	6,270	1,560	13.3	20.1	5.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	12,165	7,625	4,535	20.7	24.5	16.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,485	6,655	8,825	26.3	21.4	31.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,230	3,315	5,920	15.7	10.6	21.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,900	1,890	3,010	8.3	6.1	10.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,195	5,405	3,785	15.6	17.3	13.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	32,820	16,830	15,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,735	1,920	1,820	11.4	11.4	11.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	29,085	14,910	14,175	88.6	88.6	88.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	23,640	12,060	11,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,670	1,360	1,310	11.3	11.3	11.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,500	745	755	6.3	6.2	6.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,175	615	555	5.0	5.1	4.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,970	10,700	10,270	88.7	88.7	88.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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