Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Mégantic--L’Érable--LotbinièreMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	103,115	52,245	50,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,675	8,045	7,630	15.2	15.4	15.0
0 to 4 years	4,670	2,390	2,280	4.5	4.6	4.5
5 to 9 years	5,330	2,730	2,595	5.2	5.2	5.1
10 to 14 years	5,675	2,920	2,755	5.5	5.6	5.4
15 to 64 years	58,780	30,480	28,300	57.0	58.3	55.6
15 to 19 years	4,685	2,445	2,240	4.5	4.7	4.4
20 to 24 years	4,135	2,115	2,020	4.0	4.0	4.0
25 to 29 years	4,850	2,550	2,300	4.7	4.9	4.5
30 to 34 years	5,115	2,710	2,395	5.0	5.2	4.7
35 to 39 years	5,400	2,850	2,545	5.2	5.5	5.0
40 to 44 years	5,990	3,145	2,845	5.8	6.0	5.6
45 to 49 years	5,355	2,785	2,570	5.2	5.3	5.1
50 to 54 years	5,805	3,005	2,800	5.6	5.8	5.5
55 to 59 years	8,265	4,175	4,090	8.0	8.0	8.0
60 to 64 years	9,180	4,695	4,485	8.9	9.0	8.8
65 years and over	28,660	13,720	14,940	27.8	26.3	29.4
65 to 69 years	8,775	4,480	4,295	8.5	8.6	8.4
70 to 74 years	7,460	3,815	3,645	7.2	7.3	7.2
75 to 79 years	5,355	2,595	2,755	5.2	5.0	5.4
80 to 84 years	3,360	1,515	1,850	3.3	2.9	3.6
85 years and over	3,715	1,320	2,395	3.6	2.5	4.7
85 to 89 years	2,245	920	1,325	2.2	1.8	2.6
90 to 94 years	1,185	320	860	1.1	0.6	1.7
95 to 99 years	245	65	180	0.2	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	35	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.2	15.4	15.0	15.2	15.4	15.0
15 to 64 years	57.0	58.3	55.6	57.0	58.3	55.6
65 years and over	27.8	26.3	29.4	27.8	26.3	29.4
85 years and over	3.6	2.5	4.7	3.6	2.5	4.7
Average age of the population	46.7	45.9	47.6	46.7	45.9	47.6
Median age of the population	50.4	49.2	51.6	50.4	49.2	51.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	47,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	34,955	...	...	73.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,240	...	...	2.6	...	...
Row house	270	...	...	0.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,920	...	...	6.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,295	...	...	15.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	205	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	520	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	47,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	17,280	...	...	36.4	...	...
2 persons	18,505	...	...	39.0	...	...
3 persons	4,715	...	...	9.9	...	...
4 persons	4,320	...	...	9.1	...	...
5 or more persons	2,595	...	...	5.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	99,850	51,035	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	87,440	44,200	43,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	52,595	26,405	26,195	60.1	59.7	60.6
Married	29,625	14,900	14,730	33.9	33.7	34.1
Living common-law	22,970	11,500	11,465	26.3	26.0	26.5
Living common law - Never married	18,540	9,310	9,230	21.2	21.1	21.3
Living common law - Separated	170	65	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	3,685	1,875	1,810	4.2	4.2	4.2
Living common law - Widowed	580	250	325	0.7	0.6	0.8
Not married and not living common-law	34,845	17,795	17,045	39.9	40.3	39.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	22,065	12,990	9,075	25.2	29.4	21.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	875	465	410	1.0	1.1	0.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,930	2,895	3,040	6.8	6.5	7.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,970	1,450	4,525	6.8	3.3	10.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	18,235	...	...	62.2	...	...
3 persons	4,490	...	...	15.3	...	...
4 persons	4,200	...	...	14.3	...	...
5 or more persons	2,375	...	...	8.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	25,700	...	...	87.7	...	...
Married couples	14,220	...	...	48.5	...	...
With children⁶	3,545	...	...	12.1	...	...
Without children	10,675	...	...	36.4	...	...
Common-law couples	11,480	...	...	39.2	...	...
With children⁶	6,025	...	...	20.6	...	...
Without children	5,455	...	...	18.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,600	...	...	12.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,465	...	...	8.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,130	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	99,850	51,030	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	79,470	39,985	39,485	79.6	78.4	80.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	51,405	25,725	25,675	51.5	50.4	52.6
Parents in one-parent families	3,595	1,130	2,465	3.6	2.2	5.0
Children⁶	24,470	13,125	11,340	24.5	25.7	23.2
In a two-parent family	18,860	9,990	8,870	18.9	19.6	18.2
In a one-parent family	5,610	3,140	2,470	5.6	6.2	5.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,380	11,050	9,335	20.4	21.7	19.1
Living alone	17,280	9,300	7,980	17.3	18.2	16.3
Living with other relatives⁷	1,330	660	670	1.3	1.3	1.4
Living with non-relatives only	1,765	1,085	685	1.8	2.1	1.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	47,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,355	...	...	59.8	...	...
Couple-family households	25,075	...	...	52.9	...	...
With children⁶	9,315	...	...	19.6	...	...
Without children	15,760	...	...	33.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,285	...	...	6.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	225	...	...	0.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	515	...	...	1.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	980	...	...	2.1	...	...
One-person households	17,280	...	...	36.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	84,190	43,000	41,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,195	42,545	40,645	98.8	98.9	98.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	41,200	32,000	36,400	41,200	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,200	42,550	40,650	98.8	99.0	98.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	36,000	29,400	32,800	36,000	29,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,455	38,995	35,460	88.4	90.7	86.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,000	33,600	22,600	28,000	33,600	22,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,765	31,115	25,655	67.4	72.4	62.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	36,000	26,600	31,400	36,000	26,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,920	36,545	36,375	86.6	85.0	88.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,500	11,000	13,400	12,500	11,000	13,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,680	6,695	4,985	13.9	15.6	12.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,160	5,080	5,280	5,160	5,080	5,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,760	12,615	10,140	27.0	29.3	24.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,480	6,000	6,000	5,480	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	84,185	42,990	41,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,155	42,585	40,575	98.8	99.1	98.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	46,240	37,520	42,000	46,240	37,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,175	42,595	40,580	98.8	99.1	98.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	38,800	33,040	36,000	38,800	33,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,375	38,980	35,400	88.3	90.7	85.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,240	39,160	28,840	34,240	39,160	28,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	56,765	31,130	25,640	67.4	72.4	62.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,800	39,120	31,720	35,800	39,120	31,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,965	36,615	36,350	86.7	85.2	88.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,940	12,090	13,800	12,940	12,090	13,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,820	6,905	4,910	14.0	16.1	11.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,370	5,955	6,950	6,370	5,955	6,950
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,270	12,455	9,820	26.5	29.0	23.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,880	6,520	7,340	6,880	6,520	7,340
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	84,185	42,990	41,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,105	14,915	11,190	31.0	34.7	27.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	46,800	49,600	43,600	46,800	49,600	43,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	51,700	54,200	48,400	51,700	54,200	48,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,715	12,130	11,590	28.2	28.2	28.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,600	24,800	16,000	19,600	24,800	16,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,640	29,920	21,160	25,640	29,920	21,160
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	73.0	77.6	67.0	73.0	77.6	67.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.2	61.9	53.4	58.2	61.9	53.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	27.1	22.5	32.9	27.1	22.5	32.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.9	6.0	5.4	4.9	6.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	4.1	4.7	4.4	4.1	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	84,190	43,000	41,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,000	450	550	1.2	1.1	1.3
With total income	83,195	42,545	40,645	98.8	99.0	98.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,705	1,975	2,725	5.6	4.6	6.7
$10,000 to $19,999	12,225	4,630	7,595	14.7	10.9	18.7
$20,000 to $29,999	16,620	8,000	8,610	20.0	18.8	21.2
$30,000 to $39,999	12,450	6,010	6,445	15.0	14.1	15.8
$40,000 to $49,999	12,135	6,620	5,510	14.6	15.6	13.6
$50,000 to $59,999	9,290	5,355	3,935	11.2	12.6	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	5,700	3,535	2,170	6.9	8.3	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,490	2,260	1,225	4.2	5.3	3.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,305	1,390	910	2.8	3.3	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,400	815	585	1.7	1.9	1.4
$100,000 and over	2,880	1,945	940	3.5	4.6	2.3
$100,000 to $149,999	2,120	1,390	735	2.6	3.3	1.8
$150,000 and over	755	550	205	0.9	1.3	0.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	84,190	43,000	41,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	995	450	540	1.2	1.0	1.3
With after-tax income	83,200	42,550	40,650	98.8	99.0	98.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,060	2,095	2,965	6.1	4.9	7.3
$10,000 to $19,999	12,870	4,950	7,920	15.5	11.6	19.5
$20,000 to $29,999	19,095	9,190	9,900	23.0	21.6	24.4
$30,000 to $39,999	16,075	8,435	7,645	19.3	19.8	18.8
$40,000 to $49,999	13,560	7,875	5,685	16.3	18.5	14.0
$50,000 to $59,999	7,705	4,705	3,000	9.3	11.1	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	4,090	2,380	1,710	4.9	5.6	4.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,065	1,150	910	2.5	2.7	2.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,075	630	440	1.3	1.5	1.1
$90,000 to $99,999	550	365	185	0.7	0.9	0.5
$100,000 and over	1,055	760	300	1.3	1.8	0.7
$100,000 to $124,999	585	415	175	0.7	1.0	0.4
$125,000 and over	475	350	125	0.6	0.8	0.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	84,190	43,000	41,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	27,430	11,885	15,540	32.6	27.6	37.7
With employment income	56,765	31,110	25,655	67.4	72.4	62.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,055	4,340	3,715	14.2	13.9	14.5
$5,000 to $9,999	4,655	2,100	2,560	8.2	6.7	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	7,695	3,500	4,190	13.5	11.3	16.3
$20,000 to $29,999	6,950	3,315	3,635	12.2	10.7	14.2
$30,000 to $39,999	7,505	4,010	3,500	13.2	12.9	13.6
$40,000 to $49,999	7,155	4,230	2,920	12.6	13.6	11.4
$50,000 to $59,999	5,120	3,315	1,805	9.0	10.7	7.0
$60,000 to $69,999	3,180	2,165	1,015	5.6	7.0	4.0
$70,000 to $79,999	2,160	1,420	740	3.8	4.6	2.9
$80,000 to $89,999	1,600	920	680	2.8	3.0	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	855	535	320	1.5	1.7	1.2
$100,000 and over	1,845	1,265	580	3.3	4.1	2.3
$100,000 to $124,999	965	630	335	1.7	2.0	1.3
$125,000 and over	875	635	245	1.5	2.0	0.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	84,190	43,000	41,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,520	42,190	40,325	98.0	98.1	97.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	39,200	29,200	34,000	39,200	29,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,535	42,195	40,345	98.0	98.1	97.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,800	34,400	27,000	30,800	34,400	27,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,555	38,600	34,955	87.4	89.8	84.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,400	35,600	24,200	29,400	35,600	24,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,775	31,495	26,280	68.6	73.2	63.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	36,800	27,000	32,000	36,800	27,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,390	32,585	33,805	78.9	75.8	82.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,000	8,700	11,100	10,000	8,700	11,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	11,185	6,405	4,780	13.3	14.9	11.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,280	4,400	4,120	4,280	4,400	4,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	84,185	42,990	41,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,470	42,215	40,250	98.0	98.2	97.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,560	44,120	34,760	39,560	44,120	34,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,485	42,215	40,265	98.0	98.2	97.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,840	36,920	30,560	33,840	36,920	30,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,480	38,640	34,835	87.3	89.9	84.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,720	39,840	29,000	34,720	39,840	29,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,690	31,460	26,230	68.5	73.2	63.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,520	39,240	31,000	35,520	39,240	31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,445	32,625	33,815	78.9	75.9	82.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,710	9,900	11,490	10,710	9,900	11,490
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,265	6,585	4,680	13.4	15.3	11.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,860	5,325	6,610	5,860	5,325	6,610
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	84,185	42,990	41,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,105	14,920	11,180	31.0	34.7	27.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	44,400	48,000	40,400	44,400	48,000	40,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	48,680	51,750	44,560	48,680	51,750	44,560
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,825	11,655	11,175	27.1	27.1	27.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,800	29,200	19,600	23,800	29,200	19,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,080	34,040	23,880	29,080	34,040	23,880
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	78.2	82.6	72.2	78.2	82.6	72.2
Employment income (%)	62.8	66.4	58.1	62.8	66.4	58.1
Government transfers (%)	21.8	17.4	27.8	21.8	17.4	27.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.9	2.2	2.0	1.9	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	47,415	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	60,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	53,600	...	...	53,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	17,280	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,000	...	...	31,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,135	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	47,415	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,600	...	...	73,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,150	...	...	63,150	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	17,315	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,800	...	...	39,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,520	...	...	34,520	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,100	...	...	93,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,600	...	...	79,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	47,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	295	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	215	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	690	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,135	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,815	...	...	8.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,150	...	...	4.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,175	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,160	...	...	6.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,825	...	...	6.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,560	...	...	5.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,500	...	...	9.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,735	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,355	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,050	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,695	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,050	...	...	23.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,760	...	...	10.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,800	...	...	5.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,280	...	...	4.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,205	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	47,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	350	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	230	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	715	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,215	...	...	2.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,005	...	...	8.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,610	...	...	5.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,795	...	...	5.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,790	...	...	8.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,295	...	...	6.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,785	...	...	5.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,745	...	...	10.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,240	...	...	8.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,760	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,235	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,470	...	...	5.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,175	...	...	15.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,875	...	...	8.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,755	...	...	3.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,550	...	...	3.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,500	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,815	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,590	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,535	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...	57,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	19,045	10,385	8,660	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	38,000	28,800	33,600	38,000	28,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,800	33,600	27,600	30,800	33,600	27,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,460	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,200	...	...	93,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,600	...	...	79,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,800	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,200	...	...	79,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	67,800	...	...	67,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,550	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,300	...	...	125,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	105,800	...	...	105,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,535	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,600	...	...	69,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,750	...	...	61,750	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	19,100	10,560	8,535	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,080	41,960	35,520	39,080	41,960	35,520
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,920	35,720	31,720	33,920	35,720	31,720
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	99,850	51,030	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,530	9,520	9,010	18.6	18.7	18.5
0 to 5 years	5,670	2,900	2,770	5.7	5.7	5.7
18 to 64 years	55,490	28,735	26,755	55.6	56.3	54.8
65 years and over	25,830	12,775	13,055	25.9	25.0	26.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,320	6,845	7,475	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,740	945	795	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	580	310	270	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,725	2,910	2,810	...	...	...
65 years and over	6,855	2,985	3,870	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.3	13.4	15.3	14.3	13.4	15.3
0 to 17 years (%)	9.4	9.9	8.8	9.4	9.9	8.8
0 to 5 years (%)	10.2	10.6	9.7	10.2	10.6	9.7
18 to 64 years (%)	10.3	10.1	10.5	10.3	10.1	10.5
65 years and over (%)	26.5	23.4	29.6	26.5	23.4	29.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	99,850	51,035	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,530	9,520	9,010	18.6	18.7	18.5
0 to 5 years	5,670	2,900	2,770	5.7	5.7	5.7
18 to 64 years	55,490	28,735	26,755	55.6	56.3	54.8
65 years and over	25,830	12,775	13,055	25.9	25.0	26.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,405	1,310	1,100	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	250	140	110	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	80	45	30	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,875	1,045	835	...	...	...
65 years and over	285	120	160	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.4	2.6	2.3	2.4	2.6	2.3
0 to 17 years (%)	1.3	1.5	1.2	1.3	1.5	1.2
0 to 5 years (%)	1.4	1.6	1.2	1.4	1.6	1.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.6	3.1	3.4	3.6	3.1
65 years and over (%)	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	99,850	51,030	48,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	67,255	34,000	33,255	67.4	66.6	68.1
In bottom decile	10,700	5,160	5,540	10.7	10.1	11.3
In second decile	15,315	7,525	7,790	15.3	14.7	16.0
In third decile	14,255	7,285	6,970	14.3	14.3	14.3
In fourth decile	14,070	7,295	6,775	14.1	14.3	13.9
In fifth decile	12,910	6,730	6,185	12.9	13.2	12.7
In top half of the distribution	32,595	17,030	15,565	32.6	33.4	31.9
In sixth decile	10,785	5,605	5,185	10.8	11.0	10.6
In seventh decile	8,850	4,620	4,230	8.9	9.1	8.7
In eighth decile	6,315	3,295	3,025	6.3	6.5	6.2
In ninth decile	4,240	2,240	2,005	4.2	4.4	4.1
In top decile	2,400	1,275	1,125	2.4	2.5	2.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	99,850	...	...	99,850	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.281	...	...	0.281	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.439	...	...	0.439	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.242	...	...	0.242	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	101,870	51,735	50,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	280	180	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
French only	78,585	38,860	39,730	77.1	75.1	79.3
English and French	22,690	12,465	10,220	22.3	24.1	20.4
Neither English nor French	315	235	85	0.3	0.5	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	101,870	51,735	50,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,260	665	590	1.2	1.3	1.2
French	99,990	50,660	49,325	98.2	97.9	98.4
English and French	320	185	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Neither English nor French	300	225	70	0.3	0.4	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	101,870	51,735	50,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	101,120	51,345	49,775	99.3	99.2	99.3
Official languages	99,565	50,400	49,170	97.7	97.4	98.1
English	1,110	565	540	1.1	1.1	1.1
French	98,460	49,830	48,625	96.7	96.3	97.0
Non-official languages	1,560	950	610	1.5	1.8	1.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,555	945	610	1.5	1.8	1.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	265	170	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	245	155	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	245	155	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	990	610	380	1.0	1.2	0.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	805	510	295	0.8	1.0	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	715	460	255	0.7	0.9	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	745	390	355	0.7	0.8	0.7
English and French	535	265	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	155	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	101,870	51,735	50,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	550	290	265	0.5	0.6	0.5
French	97,430	49,275	48,155	95.6	95.2	96.1
Non-official language	610	425	185	0.6	0.8	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	610	430	185	0.6	0.8	0.4
English and French	2,120	1,095	1,025	2.1	2.1	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	80	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	790	440	350	0.8	0.9	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	280	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	101,870	51,735	50,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	101,085	51,315	49,770	99.2	99.2	99.3
Official languages	100,160	50,705	49,455	98.3	98.0	98.7
English	825	420	410	0.8	0.8	0.8
French	99,335	50,285	49,050	97.5	97.2	97.8
Non-official languages	925	615	315	0.9	1.2	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	920	610	315	0.9	1.2	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	125	80	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	40	30	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	650	440	210	0.6	0.9	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	585	405	175	0.6	0.8	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	550	390	160	0.5	0.8	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	785	420	365	0.8	0.8	0.7
English and French	440	220	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	270	155	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	101,870	51,735	50,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	99,295	50,370	48,925	97.5	97.4	97.6
English	1,535	825	710	1.5	1.6	1.4
French	475	245	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official language	330	185	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	330	185	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
English and French	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	99,850	51,030	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	99,470	50,745	48,735	99.6	99.4	99.8
English	22,800	12,635	10,165	22.8	24.8	20.8
French	99,140	50,530	48,610	99.3	99.0	99.6
Non-official languages	3,590	1,960	1,625	3.6	3.8	3.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,585	1,955	1,625	3.6	3.8	3.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	405	255	145	0.4	0.5	0.3
Berber languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	390	255	135	0.4	0.5	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	390	255	135	0.4	0.5	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	90	75	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	75	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,665	1,420	1,245	2.7	2.8	2.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	175	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	50	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,375	1,280	1,095	2.4	2.5	2.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,190	1,180	1,010	2.2	2.3	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	99,850	51,035	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,670	900	770	1.7	1.8	1.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,590	860	730	1.6	1.7	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	950	455	495	1.0	0.9	1.0
Métis	620	390	230	0.6	0.8	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	98,175	50,130	48,050	98.3	98.2	98.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	99,850	51,035	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	255	140	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	99,595	50,890	48,705	99.7	99.7	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	47,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	35,015	...	...	73.8	...	...
Renter	12,400	...	...	26.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	47,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,515	...	...	5.3	...	...
Not condominium	44,900	...	...	94.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	47,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	4,975	...	...	10.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,460	...	...	28.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	17,110	...	...	36.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,775	...	...	24.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	47,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,535	...	...	24.3	...	...
5 rooms	8,975	...	...	18.9	...	...
6 rooms	7,485	...	...	15.8	...	...
7 rooms	6,565	...	...	13.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,855	...	...	27.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	47,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	47,295	...	...	99.7	...	...
More than one person per room	125	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	47,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	46,820	...	...	98.7	...	...
Not suitable	595	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	47,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	16,470	...	...	34.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,675	...	...	31.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,815	...	...	10.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,940	...	...	8.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,770	...	...	3.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,085	...	...	4.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,945	...	...	4.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,715	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	47,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	44,780	...	...	94.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,640	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	47,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	27,975	...	...	59.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	18,885	...	...	39.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	555	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	47,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,055	...	...	2.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,285	...	...	11.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,565	...	...	13.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,885	...	...	14.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,375	...	...	21.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	10,135	...	...	21.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,310	...	...	11.2	...	...
85 years and over	1,805	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	46,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	41,805	...	...	90.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,455	...	...	9.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,135	...	...	8.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	47,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,290	...	...	15.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,095	...	...	8.6	...	...
Not suitable only	530	...	...	1.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,260	...	...	4.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	335	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	40,130	...	...	84.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	45,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,380	...	...	3.0	...	...
Not in core need	44,565	...	...	97.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,090	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	51.4	...	...	51.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	650	...	...	650	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	781	...	...	781	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	160,000	...	...	160,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	192,800	...	...	192,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,250	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.1	...	...	9.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.9	...	...	17.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	536	...	...	536	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	588	...	...	588	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	99,845	51,030	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,720	915	800	1.7	1.8	1.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,690	900	790	1.7	1.8	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,430	725	705	1.4	1.4	1.4
Métis single ancestry	255	165	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,700	790	910	1.7	1.5	1.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,700	790	910	1.7	1.5	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,510	685	825	1.5	1.3	1.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	175	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	96,430	49,325	47,105	96.6	96.7	96.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	99,850	51,035	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	98,070	49,900	48,170	98.2	97.8	98.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,230	9,325	8,905	18.3	18.3	18.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	79,840	40,575	39,265	80.0	79.5	80.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,780	1,130	650	1.8	2.2	1.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	99,850	51,035	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	97,010	49,345	47,665	97.2	96.7	97.6
Immigrants⁸¹	1,490	755	740	1.5	1.5	1.5
Before 1980	365	195	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
1980 to 1990	215	120	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
1991 to 2000	170	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
2001 to 2010	325	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	410	200	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
2011 to 2015	160	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
2016 to 2021	250	120	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,345	930	415	1.3	1.8	0.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,490	755	740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	210	105	105	14.1	13.9	14.2
5 to 14 years	305	160	145	20.5	21.2	19.6
15 to 24 years	285	150	130	19.1	19.9	17.6
25 to 44 years	625	305	320	41.9	40.4	43.2
45 years and over	70	40	30	4.7	5.3	4.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,490	755	740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	425	195	235	28.5	25.8	31.8
Brazil	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.4
Colombia	70	40	35	4.7	5.3	4.7
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	55	20	35	3.7	2.6	4.7
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	15	20	2.0	2.0	2.7
Peru	15	0	15	1.0	0.0	2.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	170	80	90	11.4	10.6	12.2
Other places of birth in Americas	70	30	40	4.7	4.0	5.4
Europe	650	355	290	43.6	47.0	39.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	305	175	135	20.5	23.2	18.2
Germany	45	30	20	3.0	4.0	2.7
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	15	10	1.7	2.0	1.4
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	0	15	1.0	0.0	2.0
Portugal	10	10	0	0.7	1.3	0.0
Romania	20	15	0	1.3	2.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	10	10	1.3	1.3	1.4
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.4
Other places of birth in Europe	180	95	90	12.1	12.6	12.2
Africa	210	125	90	14.1	16.6	12.2
Algeria	35	35	0	2.3	4.6	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	0	20	2.0	0.0	2.7
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	25	15	0	1.7	2.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	125	65	60	8.4	8.6	8.1
Asia	195	75	125	13.1	9.9	16.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	20	10	10	1.3	1.3	1.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	60	20	40	4.0	2.6	5.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.4
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	35	15	15	2.3	2.0	2.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	55	30	25	3.7	4.0	3.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	250	120	130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	50	20	30	20.0	16.7	23.1
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	15	0	10	6.0	0.0	7.7
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	0	0	4.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	10	8.0	8.3	7.7
Europe	95	60	40	38.0	50.0	30.8
France	70	55	25	28.0	45.8	19.2
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	10	0	6.0	8.3	0.0
Africa	65	35	35	26.0	29.2	26.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	25	10	10	10.0	8.3	7.7
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	10	8.0	8.3	7.7
Asia	35	15	25	14.0	12.5	19.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	99,850	51,030	48,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,180	1,855	1,330	3.2	3.6	2.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,035	1,080	955	2.0	2.1	2.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	94,635	48,100	46,540	94.8	94.3	95.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,125	560	565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	530	290	235	47.1	51.8	41.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	280	190	95	24.9	33.9	16.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	245	100	145	21.8	17.9	25.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	435	180	255	38.7	32.1	45.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	145	75	65	12.9	13.4	11.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	15	0	1.3	2.7	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,125	560	565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	50	30	20	4.4	5.4	3.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	155	90	70	13.8	16.1	12.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	30	0	25	2.7	0.0	4.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	65	40	25	5.8	7.1	4.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	40	25	15	3.6	4.5	2.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	780	380	410	69.3	67.9	72.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	99,845	51,030	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,170	1,330	840	2.2	2.6	1.7
South Asian	40	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese	175	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Black	475	260	215	0.5	0.5	0.4
Filipino	95	75	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arab	310	210	110	0.3	0.4	0.2
Latin American	855	570	280	0.9	1.1	0.6
Southeast Asian	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	97,680	49,700	47,980	97.8	97.4	98.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	99,845	51,030	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	44,120	22,015	22,105	44.2	43.1	45.3
English	715	330	385	0.7	0.6	0.8
Irish	2,945	1,415	1,530	2.9	2.8	3.1
Scottish	1,055	480	575	1.1	0.9	1.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	20,605	10,650	9,955	20.6	20.9	20.4
German	775	365	410	0.8	0.7	0.8
Chinese	145	45	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italian	680	335	345	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indian (India)	75	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Polish	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Québécois	15,480	7,935	7,540	15.5	15.5	15.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Filipino	75	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
French Canadian	11,175	5,835	5,340	11.2	11.4	10.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,105	1,080	1,025	2.1	2.1	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,245	570	675	1.2	1.1	1.4
Métis	460	275	180	0.5	0.5	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	840	440	400	0.8	0.9	0.8
Russian	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Welsh	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	145	80	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
American	485	245	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	250	130	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	410	245	170	0.4	0.5	0.3
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	175	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	135	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,620	845	770	1.6	1.7	1.6
Danish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	255	140	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	175	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	370	250	115	0.4	0.5	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	180	110	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	125	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	375	155	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Peruvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	180	125	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	80	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	115	110	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	495	260	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	220	85	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	195	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	99,845	51,030	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Christian	80,650	40,445	40,200	80.8	79.3	82.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,525	2,920	2,610	5.5	5.7	5.3
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Catholic	73,510	36,740	36,770	73.6	72.0	75.3
Christian Orthodox	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	505	250	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Presbyterian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	415	210	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	440	285	155	0.4	0.6	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	240	135	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	18,455	10,155	8,305	18.5	19.9	17.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	98,935	50,555	48,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	90,025	46,050	43,975	91.0	91.1	90.9
Movers	8,915	4,500	4,410	9.0	8.9	9.1
Non-migrants	4,145	2,125	2,025	4.2	4.2	4.2
Migrants	4,770	2,375	2,390	4.8	4.7	4.9
Internal migrants	4,380	2,145	2,230	4.4	4.2	4.6
Intraprovincial migrants	4,315	2,115	2,195	4.4	4.2	4.5
Interprovincial migrants	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	390	230	160	0.4	0.5	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	95,170	48,665	46,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	67,165	34,580	32,585	70.6	71.1	70.1
Movers	28,005	14,080	13,925	29.4	28.9	29.9
Non-migrants	9,290	4,680	4,615	9.8	9.6	9.9
Migrants	18,715	9,405	9,310	19.7	19.3	20.0
Internal migrants	17,390	8,525	8,865	18.3	17.5	19.1
Intraprovincial migrants	17,110	8,390	8,715	18.0	17.2	18.7
Interprovincial migrants	285	130	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	1,320	880	445	1.4	1.8	1.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	84,185	42,995	41,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	24,745	14,265	10,480	29.4	33.2	25.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	59,440	28,725	30,715	70.6	66.8	74.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	49,475	25,675	23,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,895	7,025	3,870	22.0	27.4	16.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	38,570	18,650	19,925	78.0	72.6	83.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	84,185	42,990	41,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	21,650	11,930	9,720	25.7	27.8	23.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,100	8,585	9,520	21.5	20.0	23.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,435	22,480	21,955	52.8	52.3	53.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	36,355	19,035	17,320	43.2	44.3	42.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20,245	12,800	7,440	24.0	29.8	18.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15,025	8,605	6,420	17.8	20.0	15.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,215	4,195	1,020	6.2	9.8	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,950	5,530	8,420	16.6	12.9	20.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,165	705	1,455	2.6	1.6	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,080	3,440	4,635	9.6	8.0	11.3
Bachelor's degree	5,860	2,390	3,475	7.0	5.6	8.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	680	285	395	0.8	0.7	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	305	120	185	0.4	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	1,115	580	535	1.3	1.3	1.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	115	65	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	49,470	25,670	23,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,815	5,495	3,320	17.8	21.4	13.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,935	4,590	4,340	18.1	17.9	18.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,725	15,590	16,135	64.1	60.7	67.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,950	13,380	12,570	52.5	52.1	52.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15,095	9,235	5,865	30.5	36.0	24.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,260	6,155	5,105	22.8	24.0	21.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,835	3,080	755	7.8	12.0	3.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,625	3,740	5,885	19.5	14.6	24.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,230	410	820	2.5	1.6	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,780	2,210	3,565	11.7	8.6	15.0
Bachelor's degree	4,200	1,580	2,625	8.5	6.2	11.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	485	180	310	1.0	0.7	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	230	55	175	0.5	0.2	0.7
Master's degree	775	355	420	1.6	1.4	1.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	84,185	42,990	41,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	39,750	20,515	19,235	47.2	47.7	46.7
Education	3,840	785	3,050	4.6	1.8	7.4
13. Education	3,840	785	3,050	4.6	1.8	7.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	825	370	455	1.0	0.9	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	140	110	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	685	265	420	0.8	0.6	1.0
Humanities	1,695	735	960	2.0	1.7	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	180	25	155	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,005	435	570	1.2	1.0	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	60	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	130	60	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
54. History	110	75	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	165	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,380	555	1,825	2.8	1.3	4.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	190	60	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,095	60	1,040	1.3	0.1	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	280	115	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	320	75	250	0.4	0.2	0.6
45. Social sciences	380	215	165	0.5	0.5	0.4
Business, management and public administration	8,385	2,350	6,035	10.0	5.5	14.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	475	65	405	0.6	0.2	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,900	2,280	5,620	9.4	5.3	13.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	770	375	395	0.9	0.9	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	200	80	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	245	90	155	0.3	0.2	0.4
40. Physical sciences	190	160	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	675	390	290	0.8	0.9	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	575	360	220	0.7	0.8	0.5
25. Library science	55	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,125	12,345	780	15.6	28.7	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	165	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	740	650	95	0.9	1.5	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,370	2,075	300	2.8	4.8	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,960	2,890	70	3.5	6.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,635	3,560	70	4.3	8.3	0.2
48. Precision production	3,255	3,085	170	3.9	7.2	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,360	1,630	730	2.8	3.8	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,830	1,190	640	2.2	2.8	1.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	530	440	90	0.6	1.0	0.2
Health and related fields	5,995	880	5,115	7.1	2.0	12.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	225	145	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,685	700	4,980	6.8	1.6	12.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,390	2,070	2,320	5.2	4.8	5.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,535	465	2,070	3.0	1.1	5.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	440	340	95	0.5	0.8	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,400	1,250	150	1.7	2.9	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	49,470	25,675	23,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,745	10,080	7,665	35.9	39.3	32.2
Education	2,310	375	1,935	4.7	1.5	8.1
13. Education	2,310	375	1,935	4.7	1.5	8.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	645	275	370	1.3	1.1	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	80	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	540	195	345	1.1	0.8	1.4
Humanities	825	335	485	1.7	1.3	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	105	15	90	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	510	200	310	1.0	0.8	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	40	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	75	35	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,730	345	1,385	3.5	1.3	5.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	140	30	110	0.3	0.1	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	885	55	830	1.8	0.2	3.5
22. Legal professions and studies	205	70	135	0.4	0.3	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	210	35	170	0.4	0.1	0.7
45. Social sciences	230	125	105	0.5	0.5	0.4
Business, management and public administration	6,320	1,585	4,730	12.8	6.2	19.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	365	40	330	0.7	0.2	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,945	1,545	4,405	12.0	6.0	18.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	420	235	185	0.8	0.9	0.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	170	65	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	140	120	20	0.3	0.5	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	510	295	215	1.0	1.1	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	455	285	170	0.9	1.1	0.7
25. Library science	45	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,355	8,710	650	18.9	33.9	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	125	70	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	570	485	85	1.2	1.9	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,735	1,475	265	3.5	5.7	1.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,080	2,020	60	4.2	7.9	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,580	2,530	55	5.2	9.9	0.2
48. Precision production	2,265	2,130	135	4.6	8.3	0.6
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,895	1,300	600	3.8	5.1	2.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,480	940	540	3.0	3.7	2.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	415	360	55	0.8	1.4	0.2
Health and related fields	4,315	630	3,685	8.7	2.5	15.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	170	100	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,070	515	3,560	8.2	2.0	15.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	15	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,395	1,505	1,885	6.9	5.9	7.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,985	300	1,685	4.0	1.2	7.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	325	240	80	0.7	0.9	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,075	955	115	2.2	3.7	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	49,470	25,675	23,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,745	10,080	7,665	35.9	39.3	32.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	31,725	15,595	16,130	64.1	60.7	67.8
Location of study inside Canada	30,700	14,935	15,760	62.1	58.2	66.2
Same as province or territory of residence	30,480	14,815	15,665	61.6	57.7	65.8
Different than province or territory of residence	220	120	100	0.4	0.5	0.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,025	655	370	2.1	2.6	1.6
Americas	335	185	150	0.7	0.7	0.6
United States of America	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	110	70	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Cuba	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	285	185	95	0.6	0.7	0.4
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	210	145	65	0.4	0.6	0.3
Germany	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	285	210	75	0.6	0.8	0.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Morocco	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	145	105	35	0.3	0.4	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	60	45	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Asia	125	75	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	80	70	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
Viet Nam	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	84,185	42,995	41,195	...	...	...
In the labour force	50,375	27,490	22,885	...	...	...
Employed	47,655	26,135	21,515	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,725	1,355	1,365	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	33,810	15,505	18,310	...	...	...
Participation rate	59.8	63.9	55.6	59.8	63.9	55.6
Employment rate	56.6	60.8	52.2	56.6	60.8	52.2
Unemployment rate	5.4	4.9	6.0	5.4	4.9	6.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	84,185	42,990	41,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	32,550	14,820	17,725	38.7	34.5	43.0
Worked	51,635	28,165	23,465	61.3	65.5	57.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,875	15,440	11,440	31.9	35.9	27.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,755	12,730	12,025	29.4	29.6	29.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1	42.6	41.4	42.1	42.6	41.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	50,375	27,490	22,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	775	380	395	1.5	1.4	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	49,600	27,110	22,490	98.5	98.6	98.3
Employee	42,395	22,625	19,770	84.2	82.3	86.4
Permanent position	35,810	19,200	16,610	71.1	69.8	72.6
Temporary position	6,585	3,425	3,160	13.1	12.5	13.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,060	1,065	995	4.1	3.9	4.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,525	2,360	2,165	9.0	8.6	9.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,210	4,490	2,720	14.3	16.3	11.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	50,375	27,490	22,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	775	380	395	1.5	1.4	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	49,600	27,110	22,490	98.5	98.6	98.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	850	605	245	1.7	2.2	1.1
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,265	1,650	4,620	12.4	6.0	20.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,145	1,610	530	4.3	5.9	2.3
3 Health occupations	3,785	495	3,290	7.5	1.8	14.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,570	965	3,605	9.1	3.5	15.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	840	430	410	1.7	1.6	1.8
6 Sales and service occupations	10,980	4,290	6,690	21.8	15.6	29.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,150	10,300	845	22.1	37.5	3.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,535	2,785	750	7.0	10.1	3.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	5,490	3,990	1,500	10.9	14.5	6.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	50,375	27,490	22,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	775	380	395	1.5	1.4	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	49,600	27,110	22,490	98.5	98.6	98.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,805	2,770	1,035	7.6	10.1	4.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	255	230	30	0.5	0.8	0.1
22 Utilities	145	110	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
23 Construction	4,295	3,735	570	8.5	13.6	2.5
31-33 Manufacturing	11,410	8,305	3,105	22.7	30.2	13.6
41 Wholesale trade	1,160	865	300	2.3	3.1	1.3
44-45 Retail trade	5,505	2,490	3,020	10.9	9.1	13.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,955	1,485	470	3.9	5.4	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	240	130	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
52 Finance and insurance	1,040	305	735	2.1	1.1	3.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	340	205	135	0.7	0.7	0.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,670	815	860	3.3	3.0	3.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,405	820	585	2.8	3.0	2.6
61 Educational services	2,780	715	2,065	5.5	2.6	9.0
62 Health care and social assistance	6,480	865	5,615	12.9	3.1	24.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	495	310	185	1.0	1.1	0.8
72 Accommodation and food services	2,285	775	1,510	4.5	2.8	6.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,510	1,305	1,200	5.0	4.7	5.2
91 Public administration	1,805	890	915	3.6	3.2	4.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	54,430	29,610	24,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	415	250	165	0.8	0.8	0.7
French	49,425	26,520	22,900	90.8	89.6	92.3
Non-official language	200	175	25	0.4	0.6	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	200	175	25	0.4	0.6	0.1
English and French	3,950	2,405	1,545	7.3	8.1	6.2
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	245	150	95	0.5	0.5	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	175	105	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	54,430	29,610	24,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	53,905	29,265	24,635	99.0	98.8	99.3
Official languages	53,635	29,045	24,590	98.5	98.1	99.1
English	885	565	320	1.6	1.9	1.3
French	52,755	28,490	24,265	96.9	96.2	97.8
Non-official languages	265	220	45	0.5	0.7	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	265	220	45	0.5	0.7	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	240	205	35	0.4	0.7	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	225	200	30	0.4	0.7	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	225	200	20	0.4	0.7	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	525	340	185	1.0	1.1	0.7
English and French	445	285	160	0.8	1.0	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	55	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	54,430	29,610	24,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	50,545	27,275	23,265	92.9	92.1	93.7
English	3,075	1,825	1,255	5.6	6.2	5.1
French	505	345	160	0.9	1.2	0.6
Non-official language	175	95	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	175	95	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	47,650	26,130	21,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,155	3,265	2,895	12.9	12.5	13.5
Worked outside Canada	100	80	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
No fixed workplace address	5,400	4,155	1,235	11.3	15.9	5.7
Usual place of work	36,005	18,630	17,370	75.6	71.3	80.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	36,000	18,630	17,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	16,330	8,370	7,965	45.4	44.9	45.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,635	5,840	5,790	32.3	31.3	33.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,985	4,370	3,610	22.2	23.5	20.8
Commute to a different province or territory	50	45	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	41,395	22,785	18,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	37,585	20,705	16,875	90.8	90.9	90.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	35,660	19,660	16,000	86.1	86.3	86.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,925	1,045	875	4.7	4.6	4.7
Public transit	155	80	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Walked	2,640	1,345	1,300	6.4	5.9	7.0
Bicycle	355	285	65	0.9	1.3	0.3
Other method	665	375	290	1.6	1.6	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	41,395	22,785	18,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	21,130	11,175	9,955	51.0	49.0	53.5
15 to 29 minutes	11,695	6,045	5,650	28.3	26.5	30.4
30 to 44 minutes	4,855	2,940	1,915	11.7	12.9	10.3
45 to 59 minutes	1,740	1,135	600	4.2	5.0	3.2
60 minutes and over	1,970	1,485	485	4.8	6.5	2.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	41,395	22,785	18,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,570	2,850	730	8.6	12.5	3.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,565	6,475	3,090	23.1	28.4	16.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,075	6,390	6,690	31.6	28.0	35.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,650	2,440	4,210	16.1	10.7	22.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,310	750	1,565	5.6	3.3	8.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,220	3,885	2,335	15.0	17.1	12.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,870	9,690	9,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,760	895	865	9.3	9.2	9.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,105	8,790	8,315	90.6	90.7	90.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,845	7,110	6,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,415	720	695	10.2	10.1	10.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	940	460	480	6.8	6.5	7.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	475	260	215	3.4	3.7	3.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,430	6,390	6,035	89.8	89.9	89.7

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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