Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	MauricieMore information: Quebec [Economic region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	273,055	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	266,112	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	143,642	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	130,869	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	7.7	...	...	7.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	35,475.80	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	273,055	134,765	138,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	38,865	19,970	18,895	14.2	14.8	13.7
0 to 4 years	11,950	6,105	5,845	4.4	4.5	4.2
5 to 9 years	13,290	6,805	6,485	4.9	5.0	4.7
10 to 14 years	13,625	7,065	6,565	5.0	5.2	4.7
15 to 64 years	159,920	80,550	79,370	58.6	59.8	57.4
15 to 19 years	11,990	6,205	5,790	4.4	4.6	4.2
20 to 24 years	12,980	6,610	6,370	4.8	4.9	4.6
25 to 29 years	14,340	7,405	6,940	5.3	5.5	5.0
30 to 34 years	14,275	7,210	7,070	5.2	5.4	5.1
35 to 39 years	15,360	7,770	7,585	5.6	5.8	5.5
40 to 44 years	15,940	8,190	7,750	5.8	6.1	5.6
45 to 49 years	13,745	6,975	6,765	5.0	5.2	4.9
50 to 54 years	15,080	7,485	7,595	5.5	5.6	5.5
55 to 59 years	21,305	10,455	10,855	7.8	7.8	7.8
60 to 64 years	24,905	12,250	12,655	9.1	9.1	9.2
65 years and over	74,265	34,245	40,020	27.2	25.4	28.9
65 to 69 years	22,760	11,320	11,440	8.3	8.4	8.3
70 to 74 years	18,940	9,255	9,685	6.9	6.9	7.0
75 to 79 years	14,065	6,615	7,445	5.2	4.9	5.4
80 to 84 years	8,945	3,810	5,130	3.3	2.8	3.7
85 years and over	9,560	3,240	6,320	3.5	2.4	4.6
85 to 89 years	5,775	2,155	3,620	2.1	1.6	2.6
90 to 94 years	2,930	900	2,030	1.1	0.7	1.5
95 to 99 years	770	170	605	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	90	20	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.2	14.8	13.7	14.2	14.8	13.7
15 to 64 years	58.6	59.8	57.4	58.6	59.8	57.4
65 years and over	27.2	25.4	28.9	27.2	25.4	28.9
85 years and over	3.5	2.4	4.6	3.5	2.4	4.6
Average age of the population	46.6	45.5	47.7	46.6	45.5	47.7
Median age of the population	49.6	47.6	51.2	49.6	47.6	51.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	130,870	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	70,255	...	...	53.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	6,380	...	...	4.9	...	...
Row house	2,310	...	...	1.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	9,780	...	...	7.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	39,565	...	...	30.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,130	...	...	0.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	905	...	...	0.7	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	545	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	130,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	52,365	...	...	40.0	...	...
2 persons	48,640	...	...	37.2	...	...
3 persons	13,565	...	...	10.4	...	...
4 persons	10,755	...	...	8.2	...	...
5 or more persons	5,550	...	...	4.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	264,070	131,615	132,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	234,190	114,800	119,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	128,680	64,305	64,380	54.9	56.0	53.9
Married	65,115	32,580	32,530	27.8	28.4	27.2
Living common-law	63,570	31,720	31,850	27.1	27.6	26.7
Living common law - Never married	50,395	25,050	25,350	21.5	21.8	21.2
Living common law - Separated	630	320	310	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	11,010	5,670	5,340	4.7	4.9	4.5
Living common law - Widowed	1,535	685	850	0.7	0.6	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	105,510	50,495	55,010	45.1	44.0	46.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	68,430	37,500	30,930	29.2	32.7	25.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,765	1,315	1,450	1.2	1.1	1.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	18,355	7,745	10,610	7.8	6.7	8.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	15,955	3,935	12,025	6.8	3.4	10.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	75,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	47,260	...	...	63.0	...	...
3 persons	12,820	...	...	17.1	...	...
4 persons	10,330	...	...	13.8	...	...
5 or more persons	4,610	...	...	6.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	75,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	63,030	...	...	84.0	...	...
Married couples	31,250	...	...	41.7	...	...
With children⁶	8,345	...	...	11.1	...	...
Without children	22,905	...	...	30.5	...	...
Common-law couples	31,780	...	...	42.4	...	...
With children⁶	14,855	...	...	19.8	...	...
Without children	16,925	...	...	22.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	11,995	...	...	16.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	8,565	...	...	11.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	3,435	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	264,070	131,615	132,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	199,230	99,220	100,015	75.4	75.4	75.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	126,060	62,930	63,135	47.7	47.8	47.7
Parents in one-parent families	11,995	3,430	8,565	4.5	2.6	6.5
Children⁶	61,175	32,865	28,310	23.2	25.0	21.4
In a two-parent family	43,140	22,870	20,275	16.3	17.4	15.3
In a one-parent family	18,035	10,000	8,035	6.8	7.6	6.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	64,840	32,395	32,445	24.6	24.6	24.5
Living alone	52,365	25,765	26,595	19.8	19.6	20.1
Living with other relatives⁷	4,880	2,270	2,605	1.8	1.7	2.0
Living with non-relatives only	7,595	4,360	3,240	2.9	3.3	2.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	130,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	71,150	...	...	54.4	...	...
Couple-family households	60,565	...	...	46.3	...	...
With children⁶	22,110	...	...	16.9	...	...
Without children	38,455	...	...	29.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	10,585	...	...	8.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,085	...	...	0.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	205	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,895	...	...	1.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	4,170	...	...	3.2	...	...
One-person households	52,360	...	...	40.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	225,235	111,665	113,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	220,915	109,570	111,345	98.1	98.1	98.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,000	32,800	37,200	42,000	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	220,980	109,615	111,370	98.1	98.2	98.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	37,200	29,800	33,600	37,200	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	191,920	97,980	93,940	85.2	87.7	82.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	34,800	24,400	29,600	34,800	24,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	142,830	75,690	67,140	63.4	67.8	59.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	35,600	28,600	32,000	35,600	28,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	191,605	91,965	99,640	85.1	82.4	87.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,900	12,400	13,200	12,900	12,400	13,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,075	16,575	13,500	13.4	14.8	11.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,600	5,320	5,480	5,600	5,320
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	57,530	30,675	26,855	25.5	27.5	23.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	7,500	6,500	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	225,255	111,675	113,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	220,955	109,560	111,400	98.1	98.1	98.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	49,760	39,080	44,400	49,760	39,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	221,020	109,595	111,420	98.1	98.1	98.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	41,320	33,920	37,600	41,320	33,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	192,150	98,080	94,075	85.3	87.8	82.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	43,960	31,760	38,000	43,960	31,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	142,875	75,750	67,125	63.4	67.8	59.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,720	43,680	35,240	39,720	43,680	35,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	191,520	91,970	99,545	85.0	82.4	87.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,100	12,430	13,700	13,100	12,430	13,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,465	16,925	13,540	13.5	15.2	11.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,670	6,440	6,950	6,670	6,440	6,950
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	57,705	30,795	26,910	25.6	27.6	23.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,830	7,530	8,170	7,830	7,530	8,170
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	225,250	111,680	113,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	64,235	34,980	29,260	28.5	31.3	25.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,400	56,800	48,000	52,400	56,800	48,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,700	64,600	53,850	59,700	64,600	53,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	60,815	30,100	30,715	27.0	27.0	27.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	21,800	16,600	18,800	21,800	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,600	30,440	22,860	26,600	30,440	22,860
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	74.4	79.0	68.6	74.4	79.0	68.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	57.8	60.6	54.3	57.8	60.6	54.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	25.6	21.0	31.4	25.6	21.0	31.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.0	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	5.0	6.3	5.5	5.0	6.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	4.3	5.1	4.6	4.3	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	225,235	111,665	113,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,320	2,095	2,225	1.9	1.9	2.0
With total income	220,915	109,570	111,340	98.1	98.1	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,045	5,755	8,285	6.4	5.3	7.4
$10,000 to $19,999	30,695	11,840	18,855	13.9	10.8	16.9
$20,000 to $29,999	42,235	18,690	23,545	19.1	17.1	21.1
$30,000 to $39,999	32,035	15,270	16,770	14.5	13.9	15.1
$40,000 to $49,999	30,040	15,465	14,575	13.6	14.1	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	22,650	12,175	10,475	10.3	11.1	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	14,870	8,535	6,340	6.7	7.8	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	10,150	6,220	3,935	4.6	5.7	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	7,340	4,300	3,040	3.3	3.9	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	5,020	3,080	1,945	2.3	2.8	1.7
$100,000 and over	11,830	8,250	3,580	5.4	7.5	3.2
$100,000 to $149,999	8,900	6,155	2,745	4.0	5.6	2.5
$150,000 and over	2,930	2,090	835	1.3	1.9	0.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	225,235	111,665	113,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,255	2,055	2,205	1.9	1.8	1.9
With after-tax income	220,980	109,615	111,365	98.1	98.2	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15,325	6,045	9,280	6.9	5.5	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	31,935	12,545	19,385	14.5	11.4	17.4
$20,000 to $29,999	49,240	21,970	27,270	22.3	20.0	24.5
$30,000 to $39,999	39,850	20,060	19,795	18.0	18.3	17.8
$40,000 to $49,999	33,425	18,255	15,175	15.1	16.7	13.6
$50,000 to $59,999	20,325	11,680	8,645	9.2	10.7	7.8
$60,000 to $69,999	12,340	7,165	5,175	5.6	6.5	4.6
$70,000 to $79,999	7,510	4,375	3,135	3.4	4.0	2.8
$80,000 to $89,999	4,425	2,940	1,490	2.0	2.7	1.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,400	1,615	780	1.1	1.5	0.7
$100,000 and over	4,200	2,960	1,245	1.9	2.7	1.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,330	1,640	690	1.1	1.5	0.6
$125,000 and over	1,870	1,315	555	0.8	1.2	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	225,235	111,665	113,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	82,405	35,970	46,430	36.6	32.2	40.9
With employment income	142,835	75,695	67,145	63.4	67.8	59.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	20,090	11,140	8,955	14.1	14.7	13.3
$5,000 to $9,999	11,900	5,455	6,445	8.3	7.2	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	19,185	8,595	10,590	13.4	11.4	15.8
$20,000 to $29,999	16,850	8,070	8,785	11.8	10.7	13.1
$30,000 to $39,999	16,300	8,310	7,985	11.4	11.0	11.9
$40,000 to $49,999	14,915	7,465	7,450	10.4	9.9	11.1
$50,000 to $59,999	11,570	6,390	5,180	8.1	8.4	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	8,610	5,145	3,460	6.0	6.8	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	6,240	3,890	2,350	4.4	5.1	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	5,285	2,995	2,290	3.7	4.0	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,380	2,145	1,235	2.4	2.8	1.8
$100,000 and over	8,510	6,095	2,415	6.0	8.1	3.6
$100,000 to $124,999	4,815	3,450	1,360	3.4	4.6	2.0
$125,000 and over	3,700	2,650	1,050	2.6	3.5	1.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	225,235	111,665	113,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	218,240	108,185	110,055	96.9	96.9	96.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	40,000	29,400	34,400	40,000	29,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	218,410	108,190	110,215	97.0	96.9	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	35,200	27,000	31,000	35,200	27,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	189,365	96,820	92,540	84.1	86.7	81.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600	36,000	25,600	30,600	36,000	25,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	144,995	76,535	68,460	64.4	68.5	60.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	36,400	28,600	32,400	36,400	28,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	177,240	83,940	93,295	78.7	75.2	82.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,800	8,900	10,600	9,800	8,900	10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	28,405	15,970	12,430	12.6	14.3	10.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,760	5,040	4,440	4,760	5,040	4,440
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	225,255	111,675	113,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	218,225	108,215	110,005	96.9	96.9	96.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,800	47,560	36,160	41,800	47,560	36,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	218,415	108,235	110,185	97.0	96.9	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,280	39,320	31,280	35,280	39,320	31,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	189,320	96,760	92,555	84.0	86.6	81.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,360	44,640	31,760	38,360	44,640	31,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	144,920	76,500	68,420	64.3	68.5	60.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,280	43,880	34,120	39,280	43,880	34,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	177,560	84,305	93,255	78.8	75.5	82.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,470	9,770	11,110	10,470	9,770	11,110
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,050	16,220	12,825	12.9	14.5	11.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,440	6,055	6,920	6,440	6,055	6,920
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	225,250	111,680	113,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	64,110	34,875	29,235	28.5	31.2	25.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,400	53,200	43,600	48,400	53,200	43,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	55,450	61,000	48,880	55,450	61,000	48,880
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	57,935	28,715	29,220	25.7	25.7	25.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,000	26,600	20,200	23,000	26,600	20,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,720	35,560	25,960	30,720	35,560	25,960
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	79.6	84.0	74.0	79.6	84.0	74.0
Employment income (%)	62.4	65.2	58.7	62.4	65.2	58.7
Government transfers (%)	20.4	16.0	26.1	20.4	16.0	26.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	1.9	2.2	2.1	1.9	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	130,870	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	53,200	...	...	53,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	52,360	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,200	...	...	33,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,400	...	...	30,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	78,505	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	130,870	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	74,900	...	...	74,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,500	...	...	63,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	52,345	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,960	...	...	39,960	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,360	...	...	34,360	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	78,525	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,300	...	...	98,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,900	...	...	82,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	130,870	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	985	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	955	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	2,620	...	...	2.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	4,015	...	...	3.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	11,175	...	...	8.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	6,080	...	...	4.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	6,275	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	7,525	...	...	5.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	7,325	...	...	5.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	6,845	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	12,285	...	...	9.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10,090	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	8,545	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	7,700	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	6,585	...	...	5.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	31,865	...	...	24.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	12,310	...	...	9.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	7,545	...	...	5.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	7,665	...	...	5.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,345	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	130,870	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,095	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	990	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	2,675	...	...	2.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	4,205	...	...	3.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	11,815	...	...	9.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	7,595	...	...	5.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	7,665	...	...	5.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	9,155	...	...	7.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	8,530	...	...	6.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	7,515	...	...	5.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	13,215	...	...	10.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	11,050	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	9,545	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	7,955	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	6,225	...	...	4.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	21,645	...	...	16.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	10,530	...	...	8.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,655	...	...	4.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,455	...	...	4.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	75,490	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	38,680	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	23,315	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	11,605	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...	57,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	59,960	30,120	29,835	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	35,200	30,000	32,400	35,200	30,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,600	31,600	28,000	29,600	31,600	28,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	75,415	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,400	...	...	83,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	38,715	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,800	...	...	85,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	23,465	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,600	...	...	136,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,460	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,300	...	...	61,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	60,085	30,285	29,805	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,920	41,480	36,320	38,920	41,480	36,320
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,560	35,040	32,080	33,560	35,040	32,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	264,070	131,615	132,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	46,040	23,685	22,350	17.4	18.0	16.9
0 to 5 years	14,525	7,400	7,120	5.5	5.6	5.4
18 to 64 years	151,560	76,075	75,495	57.4	57.8	57.0
65 years and over	66,465	31,855	34,605	25.2	24.2	26.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	41,625	19,405	22,220	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	5,685	2,930	2,750	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,965	995	965	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	19,630	9,920	9,705	...	...	...
65 years and over	16,320	6,555	9,765	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.8	14.7	16.8	15.8	14.7	16.8
0 to 17 years (%)	12.3	12.4	12.3	12.3	12.4	12.3
0 to 5 years (%)	13.5	13.4	13.6	13.5	13.4	13.6
18 to 64 years (%)	12.9	13.0	12.9	12.9	13.0	12.9
65 years and over (%)	24.6	20.6	28.2	24.6	20.6	28.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	260,945	129,975	130,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	44,790	23,020	21,770	17.2	17.7	16.6
0 to 5 years	14,145	7,190	6,955	5.4	5.5	5.3
18 to 64 years	149,875	75,190	74,680	57.4	57.8	57.0
65 years and over	66,280	31,760	34,520	25.4	24.4	26.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	11,530	6,095	5,430	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,300	700	595	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	415	220	190	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	9,215	4,985	4,235	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,015	420	595	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.4	4.7	4.2	4.4	4.7	4.2
0 to 17 years (%)	2.9	3.0	2.8	2.9	3.0	2.8
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	3.1	2.8	3.0	3.1	2.8
18 to 64 years (%)	6.2	6.6	5.7	6.2	6.6	5.7
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.3	1.7	1.5	1.3	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	264,070	131,615	132,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	169,375	82,850	86,525	64.1	62.9	65.3
In bottom decile	34,205	16,155	18,050	13.0	12.3	13.6
In second decile	36,650	17,495	19,155	13.9	13.3	14.5
In third decile	34,715	17,025	17,690	13.1	12.9	13.4
In fourth decile	33,900	16,905	16,995	12.8	12.8	12.8
In fifth decile	29,900	15,270	14,635	11.3	11.6	11.0
In top half of the distribution	94,695	48,765	45,930	35.9	37.1	34.7
In sixth decile	26,675	13,650	13,030	10.1	10.4	9.8
In seventh decile	23,550	12,075	11,475	8.9	9.2	8.7
In eighth decile	20,195	10,340	9,855	7.6	7.9	7.4
In ninth decile	14,760	7,730	7,030	5.6	5.9	5.3
In top decile	9,520	4,970	4,545	3.6	3.8	3.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	264,065	...	...	264,065	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.306	...	...	0.306	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.461	...	...	0.461	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.264	...	...	0.264	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	268,920	133,145	135,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	595	340	250	0.2	0.3	0.2
French only	192,105	90,490	101,615	71.4	68.0	74.8
English and French	75,485	41,880	33,615	28.1	31.5	24.8
Neither English nor French	735	435	300	0.3	0.3	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	268,920	133,145	135,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,375	1,725	1,650	1.3	1.3	1.2
French	263,200	130,115	133,085	97.9	97.7	98.0
English and French	1,675	905	770	0.6	0.7	0.6
Neither English nor French	680	395	280	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	268,920	133,145	135,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	265,570	131,375	134,195	98.8	98.7	98.8
Official languages	256,375	126,625	129,750	95.3	95.1	95.6
English	2,910	1,475	1,430	1.1	1.1	1.1
French	253,465	125,145	128,320	94.3	94.0	94.5
Non-official languages	9,190	4,750	4,440	3.4	3.6	3.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	3,220	1,635	1,585	1.2	1.2	1.2
Algonquian languages	3,195	1,620	1,570	1.2	1.2	1.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	3,190	1,615	1,570	1.2	1.2	1.2
Atikamekw	3,160	1,605	1,550	1.2	1.2	1.1
Cree languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,975	3,115	2,860	2.2	2.3	2.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,445	830	615	0.5	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,325	775	550	0.5	0.6	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,325	770	550	0.5	0.6	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	140	60	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	95	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	190	95	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	115	50	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,065	1,585	1,475	1.1	1.2	1.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	185	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	180	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	240	115	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	190	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	155	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	95	70	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	125	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,420	1,235	1,180	0.9	0.9	0.9
Catalan	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	105	65	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	255	120	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,980	1,010	975	0.7	0.8	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	520	260	265	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	160	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	50	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	265	115	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	265	115	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	210	90	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,350	1,770	1,585	1.2	1.3	1.2
English and French	1,800	950	850	0.7	0.7	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	1,295	680	615	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	105	65	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	268,920	133,145	135,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,260	650	610	0.5	0.5	0.4
French	249,840	123,035	126,805	92.9	92.4	93.4
Non-official language	3,050	1,645	1,405	1.1	1.2	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	1,325	700	625	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-Indigenous	1,720	945	780	0.6	0.7	0.6
English and French	7,580	4,165	3,415	2.8	3.1	2.5
English and non-official language(s)	235	130	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	5,560	2,785	2,775	2.1	2.1	2.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,305	685	625	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	268,920	133,145	135,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	265,395	131,315	134,075	98.7	98.6	98.7
Official languages	259,815	128,365	131,450	96.6	96.4	96.8
English	2,165	1,105	1,060	0.8	0.8	0.8
French	257,650	127,260	130,390	95.8	95.6	96.0
Non-official languages	5,575	2,950	2,630	2.1	2.2	1.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,455	1,285	1,165	0.9	1.0	0.9
Algonquian languages	2,445	1,285	1,160	0.9	1.0	0.9
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	2,440	1,280	1,160	0.9	1.0	0.9
Atikamekw	2,440	1,280	1,155	0.9	1.0	0.9
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,120	1,665	1,460	1.2	1.3	1.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	580	310	270	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	550	300	245	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	550	300	245	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	45	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,815	970	845	0.7	0.7	0.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,575	830	735	0.6	0.6	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,365	730	625	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	215	105	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	60	45	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	45	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	200	95	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	200	95	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	170	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,530	1,830	1,705	1.3	1.4	1.3
English and French	1,545	815	735	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	1,755	895	865	0.7	0.7	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	268,925	133,145	135,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	257,345	126,990	130,360	95.7	95.4	96.0
English	5,605	3,140	2,470	2.1	2.4	1.8
French	2,815	1,435	1,380	1.0	1.1	1.0
Non-official language	2,035	1,005	1,025	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	345	155	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,685	850	840	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	220	120	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	610	330	285	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	150	65	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	125	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	264,065	131,615	132,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	263,335	131,170	132,165	99.7	99.7	99.8
English	75,385	41,915	33,470	28.5	31.8	25.3
French	262,745	130,810	131,925	99.5	99.4	99.6
Non-official languages	17,390	8,685	8,700	6.6	6.6	6.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	4,015	2,025	1,995	1.5	1.5	1.5
Algonquian languages	3,980	2,010	1,970	1.5	1.5	1.5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	3,975	2,000	1,970	1.5	1.5	1.5
Atikamekw	3,940	1,980	1,960	1.5	1.5	1.5
Cree languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,400	6,680	6,725	5.1	5.1	5.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,950	1,145	810	0.7	0.9	0.6
Berber languages	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	85	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	35	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,860	1,090	765	0.7	0.8	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,835	1,075	760	0.7	0.8	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	125	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	215	105	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	105	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	60	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	485	250	240	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	250	130	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	105	65	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,965	4,310	4,655	3.4	3.3	3.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	295	160	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	295	160	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	195	100	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	660	340	315	0.2	0.3	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	575	300	270	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	550	285	270	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	190	105	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	290	150	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	120	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	165	95	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,820	3,700	4,130	3.0	2.8	3.1
Catalan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	570	255	315	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	435	205	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	115	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	7,055	3,360	3,695	2.7	2.6	2.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	110	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,095	580	510	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	75	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	150	95	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
Luba-Kasai	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	130	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	280	140	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	140	100	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	285	160	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	315	145	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	240	105	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	420	175	240	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	420	175	240	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	385	155	230	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	20	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	50	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	264,065	131,615	132,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	9,085	4,480	4,605	3.4	3.4	3.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	8,610	4,265	4,345	3.3	3.2	3.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	6,535	3,200	3,335	2.5	2.4	2.5
Métis	2,000	1,030	970	0.8	0.8	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	75	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	125	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	355	160	195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	254,985	127,135	127,845	96.6	96.6	96.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	264,065	131,615	132,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	5,465	2,720	2,745	2.1	2.1	2.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	258,600	128,895	129,705	97.9	97.9	97.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	130,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	79,605	...	...	60.8	...	...
Renter	50,760	...	...	38.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	505	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	130,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	9,370	...	...	7.2	...	...
Not condominium	121,500	...	...	92.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	130,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	420	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	18,500	...	...	14.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	42,580	...	...	32.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	43,660	...	...	33.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	25,710	...	...	19.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	130,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	42,385	...	...	32.4	...	...
5 rooms	26,320	...	...	20.1	...	...
6 rooms	16,265	...	...	12.4	...	...
7 rooms	14,220	...	...	10.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	31,685	...	...	24.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	130,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	130,325	...	...	99.6	...	...
More than one person per room	550	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	130,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	128,765	...	...	98.4	...	...
Not suitable	2,100	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	130,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	38,285	...	...	29.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	39,555	...	...	30.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	17,325	...	...	13.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	12,580	...	...	9.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,780	...	...	3.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	6,695	...	...	5.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	6,090	...	...	4.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,560	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	130,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	123,065	...	...	94.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	7,810	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	130,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	80,990	...	...	61.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	48,125	...	...	36.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,750	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	130,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	4,740	...	...	3.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	15,450	...	...	11.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	18,645	...	...	14.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	17,795	...	...	13.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	28,700	...	...	21.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	26,725	...	...	20.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	14,375	...	...	11.0	...	...
85 years and over	4,435	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	129,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	113,445	...	...	87.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	15,810	...	...	12.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	14,535	...	...	11.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	130,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	24,155	...	...	18.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	14,515	...	...	11.1	...	...
Not suitable only	1,730	...	...	1.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	6,370	...	...	4.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	110	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,170	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	250	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	106,715	...	...	81.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	127,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,880	...	...	3.0	...	...
Not in core need	124,095	...	...	97.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	78,980	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.3	...	...	56.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.3	...	...	7.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.9	...	...	0.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	775	...	...	775	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	881	...	...	881	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	180,000	...	...	180,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	206,600	...	...	206,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	50,580	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.5	...	...	8.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.0	...	...	20.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	592	...	...	592	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	643	...	...	643	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	505	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	452	...	...	452	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	446	...	...	446	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	264,070	131,615	132,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	8,760	4,265	4,495	3.3	3.2	3.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	8,700	4,220	4,475	3.3	3.2	3.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	8,145	3,940	4,205	3.1	3.0	3.2
Métis single ancestry	520	265	250	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	60	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,240	3,065	3,180	2.4	2.3	2.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,215	3,055	3,165	2.4	2.3	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,695	2,775	2,915	2.2	2.1	2.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	495	270	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	249,065	124,285	124,780	94.3	94.4	94.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	264,070	131,615	132,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	257,975	128,265	129,710	97.7	97.5	97.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	44,900	23,020	21,880	17.0	17.5	16.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	213,070	105,245	107,830	80.7	80.0	81.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,095	3,350	2,740	2.3	2.5	2.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	264,070	131,615	132,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	252,935	125,740	127,200	95.8	95.5	96.0
Immigrants⁸¹	8,090	4,085	4,010	3.1	3.1	3.0
Before 1980	915	485	425	0.3	0.4	0.3
1980 to 1990	620	330	295	0.2	0.3	0.2
1991 to 2000	645	265	380	0.2	0.2	0.3
2001 to 2010	2,360	1,185	1,175	0.9	0.9	0.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,555	1,825	1,730	1.3	1.4	1.3
2011 to 2015	1,735	930	805	0.7	0.7	0.6
2016 to 2021	1,820	895	925	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,040	1,795	1,245	1.2	1.4	0.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	8,090	4,080	4,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,095	520	580	13.5	12.7	14.5
5 to 14 years	1,480	730	750	18.3	17.9	18.7
15 to 24 years	1,260	605	655	15.6	14.8	16.4
25 to 44 years	3,680	1,955	1,730	45.5	47.9	43.2
45 years and over	575	280	295	7.1	6.9	7.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	8,090	4,080	4,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,155	980	1,175	26.6	24.0	29.3
Brazil	120	65	60	1.5	1.6	1.5
Colombia	800	360	435	9.9	8.8	10.9
El Salvador	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	275	140	135	3.4	3.4	3.4
Jamaica	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Mexico	140	55	85	1.7	1.3	2.1
Peru	60	30	35	0.7	0.7	0.9
Trinidad and Tobago	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
United States of America	200	80	120	2.5	2.0	3.0
Other places of birth in Americas	510	230	280	6.3	5.6	7.0
Europe	2,390	1,270	1,115	29.5	31.1	27.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
Croatia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
France	1,470	830	640	18.2	20.3	16.0
Germany	85	25	55	1.1	0.6	1.4
Greece	85	65	25	1.1	1.6	0.6
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	60	35	25	0.7	0.9	0.6
Netherlands	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Poland	20	15	10	0.2	0.4	0.2
Portugal	20	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Romania	60	25	30	0.7	0.6	0.7
Russian Federation	30	10	15	0.4	0.2	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	30	10	15	0.4	0.2	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	55	30	25	0.7	0.7	0.6
Other places of birth in Europe	420	185	235	5.2	4.5	5.9
Africa	2,615	1,435	1,180	32.3	35.2	29.5
Algeria	275	185	90	3.4	4.5	2.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	255	125	125	3.2	3.1	3.1
Egypt	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	480	270	205	5.9	6.6	5.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,580	835	750	19.5	20.5	18.7
Asia	930	400	535	11.5	9.8	13.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	35	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.4
Iraq	45	30	15	0.6	0.7	0.4
Lebanon	110	60	45	1.4	1.5	1.1
Syria⁸⁹	105	60	40	1.3	1.5	1.0
Turkey	30	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.4
China⁹⁰	195	55	140	2.4	1.3	3.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	10	0.4	0.4	0.2
Taiwan	35	20	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
Philippines	85	25	60	1.1	0.6	1.5
Viet Nam	90	40	50	1.1	1.0	1.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	35	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.4
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	145	40	105	1.8	1.0	2.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,820	890	930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	380	190	190	20.9	21.3	20.4
Brazil	25	10	10	1.4	1.1	1.1
Colombia	100	60	45	5.5	6.7	4.8
Haiti	30	20	10	1.6	2.2	1.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	45	25	20	2.5	2.8	2.2
United States of America	20	20	0	1.1	2.2	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	15	0.8	0.0	1.6
Other places of birth in Americas	130	50	80	7.1	5.6	8.6
Europe	320	180	140	17.6	20.2	15.1
France	205	110	100	11.3	12.4	10.8
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	10	0	0.5	1.1	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	0.5	1.1	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	80	40	35	4.4	4.5	3.8
Africa	855	405	450	47.0	45.5	48.4
Algeria	55	40	20	3.0	4.5	2.2
Burundi	20	10	15	1.1	1.1	1.6
Cameroon	160	80	75	8.8	9.0	8.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	50	30	15	2.7	3.4	1.6
Côte d'Ivoire	175	65	115	9.6	7.3	12.4
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	80	30	55	4.4	3.4	5.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	60	45	20	3.3	5.1	2.2
Other places of birth in Africa	240	95	140	13.2	10.7	15.1
Asia	270	120	145	14.8	13.5	15.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	0	20	1.4	0.0	2.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	30	10	15	1.6	1.1	1.6
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	15	20	2.2	1.7	2.2
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	80	45	35	4.4	5.1	3.8
Turkey	10	10	0	0.5	1.1	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	35	10	25	1.9	1.1	2.7
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	264,065	131,615	132,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	11,915	6,210	5,705	4.5	4.7	4.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,970	3,490	3,480	2.6	2.7	2.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	245,180	121,920	123,260	92.8	92.6	93.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	7,180	3,595	3,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,685	2,065	1,615	51.3	57.4	45.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,765	1,245	520	24.6	34.6	14.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,920	815	1,100	26.7	22.7	30.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,950	760	1,190	27.2	21.1	33.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,510	765	755	21.0	21.3	21.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	7,180	3,595	3,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	205	105	100	2.9	2.9	2.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	695	385	300	9.7	10.7	8.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	260	155	105	3.6	4.3	2.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	530	320	210	7.4	8.9	5.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	75	10	65	1.0	0.3	1.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	5,420	2,615	2,800	75.5	72.7	78.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	264,065	131,615	132,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	9,910	5,125	4,790	3.8	3.9	3.6
South Asian	290	145	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	525	165	355	0.2	0.1	0.3
Black	4,390	2,290	2,100	1.7	1.7	1.6
Filipino	135	55	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab	1,580	955	625	0.6	0.7	0.5
Latin American	2,130	1,095	1,035	0.8	0.8	0.8
Southeast Asian	415	175	240	0.2	0.1	0.2
West Asian	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	190	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	105	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	254,155	126,490	127,665	96.2	96.1	96.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	264,065	131,615	132,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	108,545	53,105	55,440	41.1	40.3	41.9
English	2,475	1,200	1,275	0.9	0.9	1.0
Irish	7,480	3,590	3,890	2.8	2.7	2.9
Scottish	3,320	1,690	1,635	1.3	1.3	1.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	57,340	29,325	28,015	21.7	22.3	21.2
German	2,140	1,065	1,075	0.8	0.8	0.8
Chinese	545	180	365	0.2	0.1	0.3
Italian	2,275	1,185	1,095	0.9	0.9	0.8
Indian (India)	505	270	235	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	290	125	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	325	170	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	460	270	195	0.2	0.2	0.1
Québécois	38,195	18,790	19,400	14.5	14.3	14.6
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	355	195	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Filipino	85	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
French Canadian	25,060	12,380	12,680	9.5	9.4	9.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	6,705	3,395	3,310	2.5	2.6	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,890	2,330	2,560	1.9	1.8	1.9
Métis	1,085	580	505	0.4	0.4	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	4,965	2,595	2,360	1.9	2.0	1.8
Russian	160	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	185	95	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	90	20	75	0.0	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	310	165	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
American	1,265	570	695	0.5	0.4	0.5
Spanish	860	405	455	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swedish	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.0
Acadian	2,360	1,090	1,270	0.9	0.8	1.0
Pakistani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	965	520	450	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jewish	115	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	200	80	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	775	415	355	0.3	0.3	0.3
Greek	420	235	185	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jamaican	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	275	115	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	165	65	105	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lebanese	390	225	170	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	2,805	1,495	1,305	1.1	1.1	1.0
Danish	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,450	665	790	0.5	0.5	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	110	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	935	460	470	0.4	0.3	0.4
Haitian	650	340	305	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	435	255	175	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	540	290	250	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	495	260	235	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	90	60	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	95	65	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	230	115	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	965	480	490	0.4	0.4	0.4
Moroccan	530	335	195	0.2	0.3	0.1
Czech	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	165	95	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	90	70	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	105	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	45	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	310	195	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	225	95	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	95	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	755	400	355	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	125	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Congolese	380	200	185	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nova Scotian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	110	40	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	105	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	225	80	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	130	75	55	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	90	65	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	140	65	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	85	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	285	185	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	130	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	90	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	675	340	335	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	270	125	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	100	85	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	115	50	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	115	50	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	980	455	520	0.4	0.3	0.4
Moldovan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	255	130	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	470	245	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	80	55	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	465	235	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	250	85	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	355	190	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	300	150	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	190	105	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	245	120	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	60	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	195	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	3,780	1,920	1,860	1.4	1.5	1.4
Bamileke	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	145	100	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
Libyan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	90	60	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	105	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	185	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	264,070	131,615	132,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	255	110	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	194,830	94,635	100,195	73.8	71.9	75.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10,715	5,410	5,295	4.1	4.1	4.0
Anabaptist	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	160	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	755	360	395	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catholic	179,275	87,005	92,270	67.9	66.1	69.7
Christian Orthodox	410	210	195	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	945	380	570	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	110	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	600	280	320	0.2	0.2	0.2
Presbyterian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	60	45	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,655	755	905	0.6	0.6	0.7
Hindu	115	50	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jewish	50	40	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	2,555	1,470	1,080	1.0	1.1	0.8
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	210	110	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	620	285	330	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	65,430	34,920	30,510	24.8	26.5	23.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	261,830	130,465	131,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	232,485	116,130	116,355	88.8	89.0	88.6
Movers	29,340	14,335	15,005	11.2	11.0	11.4
Non-migrants	17,415	8,365	9,055	6.7	6.4	6.9
Migrants	11,930	5,975	5,955	4.6	4.6	4.5
Internal migrants	11,130	5,515	5,615	4.3	4.2	4.3
Intraprovincial migrants	10,790	5,360	5,430	4.1	4.1	4.1
Interprovincial migrants	340	155	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	800	455	340	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	252,125	125,365	126,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	160,370	80,165	80,205	63.6	63.9	63.3
Movers	91,750	45,195	46,560	36.4	36.1	36.7
Non-migrants	45,860	22,080	23,780	18.2	17.6	18.8
Migrants	45,900	23,120	22,780	18.2	18.4	18.0
Internal migrants	41,910	20,920	20,990	16.6	16.7	16.6
Intraprovincial migrants	40,840	20,385	20,455	16.2	16.3	16.1
Interprovincial migrants	1,070	540	530	0.4	0.4	0.4
External migrants	3,990	2,195	1,790	1.6	1.8	1.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	225,250	111,680	113,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	51,875	27,445	24,425	23.0	24.6	21.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	173,375	84,235	89,140	77.0	75.4	78.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	133,955	67,000	66,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	23,460	13,775	9,685	17.5	20.6	14.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	110,500	53,225	57,270	82.5	79.4	85.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	225,255	111,680	113,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	45,755	22,960	22,800	20.3	20.6	20.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	51,235	24,305	26,930	22.7	21.8	23.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	128,255	64,415	63,840	56.9	57.7	56.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	93,445	49,185	44,260	41.5	44.0	39.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	44,895	28,810	16,090	19.9	25.8	14.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	33,010	19,135	13,875	14.7	17.1	12.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	11,885	9,670	2,210	5.3	8.7	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	40,915	17,350	23,565	18.2	15.5	20.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,635	3,025	4,610	3.4	2.7	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	34,815	15,230	19,580	15.5	13.6	17.2
Bachelor's degree	23,725	9,970	13,755	10.5	8.9	12.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,565	1,200	1,365	1.1	1.1	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,150	520	630	0.5	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	6,200	2,915	3,285	2.8	2.6	2.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,170	625	545	0.5	0.6	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	133,955	67,000	66,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,195	10,775	8,420	14.3	16.1	12.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,745	11,770	11,970	17.7	17.6	17.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	91,015	44,450	46,560	67.9	66.3	69.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	64,905	33,905	30,995	48.5	50.6	46.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	32,665	20,495	12,165	24.4	30.6	18.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	24,075	13,535	10,540	18.0	20.2	15.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,585	6,955	1,625	6.4	10.4	2.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	27,600	11,465	16,135	20.6	17.1	24.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,645	1,950	2,695	3.5	2.9	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	26,110	10,540	15,565	19.5	15.7	23.2
Bachelor's degree	17,600	6,905	10,695	13.1	10.3	16.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,800	750	1,050	1.3	1.1	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	915	340	575	0.7	0.5	0.9
Master's degree	4,920	2,140	2,785	3.7	3.2	4.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	865	410	460	0.6	0.6	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	225,250	111,680	113,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	96,995	47,265	49,730	43.1	42.3	43.8
Education	10,790	2,515	8,275	4.8	2.3	7.3
13. Education	10,790	2,515	8,275	4.8	2.3	7.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,335	1,505	1,835	1.5	1.3	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	565	380	190	0.3	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	2,765	1,125	1,645	1.2	1.0	1.4
Humanities	5,460	2,360	3,100	2.4	2.1	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	595	135	460	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	180	45	130	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,680	1,160	1,525	1.2	1.0	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	285	175	110	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	390	235	155	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	455	295	160	0.2	0.3	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	815	275	545	0.4	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,040	2,405	6,640	4.0	2.2	5.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	120	40	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,125	375	750	0.5	0.3	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,250	120	2,120	1.0	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	1,095	410	680	0.5	0.4	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	355	70	285	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	2,715	635	2,080	1.2	0.6	1.8
45. Social sciences	1,385	750	640	0.6	0.7	0.6
Business, management and public administration	27,465	8,945	18,525	12.2	8.0	16.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,710	380	1,330	0.8	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	25,745	8,560	17,185	11.4	7.7	15.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,975	2,290	1,690	1.8	2.1	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,260	555	705	0.6	0.5	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	470	305	165	0.2	0.3	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	820	370	450	0.4	0.3	0.4
40. Physical sciences	1,080	825	255	0.5	0.7	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	355	240	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,225	2,180	1,050	1.4	2.0	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,535	1,935	600	1.1	1.7	0.5
25. Library science	420	55	365	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	205	135	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70	55	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	31,730	29,750	1,980	14.1	26.6	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	625	355	275	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	3,280	2,855	425	1.5	2.6	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	6,330	5,760	565	2.8	5.2	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	7,290	7,080	210	3.2	6.3	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	8,215	7,980	235	3.6	7.1	0.2
48. Precision production	5,990	5,720	265	2.7	5.1	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,510	2,975	1,535	2.0	2.7	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,410	1,255	1,155	1.1	1.1	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,100	1,720	375	0.9	1.5	0.3
Health and related fields	17,870	3,200	14,675	7.9	2.9	12.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,070	530	545	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	16,245	2,435	13,805	7.2	2.2	12.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	525	225	300	0.2	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	10,815	6,300	4,520	4.8	5.6	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	5,390	1,510	3,885	2.4	1.4	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,970	1,620	350	0.9	1.5	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,425	3,145	280	1.5	2.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	25	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	133,955	67,005	66,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	42,940	22,550	20,390	32.1	33.7	30.5
Education	6,450	1,355	5,100	4.8	2.0	7.6
13. Education	6,450	1,355	5,100	4.8	2.0	7.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,415	1,095	1,320	1.8	1.6	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	440	290	150	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,975	805	1,170	1.5	1.2	1.7
Humanities	3,090	1,290	1,800	2.3	1.9	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	435	90	345	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	110	25	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,400	635	760	1.0	0.9	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	155	95	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	315	195	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	505	155	350	0.4	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,815	1,645	5,175	5.1	2.5	7.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	90	30	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	950	285	665	0.7	0.4	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,670	75	1,590	1.2	0.1	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	850	295	555	0.6	0.4	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	205	30	180	0.2	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	2,095	425	1,675	1.6	0.6	2.5
45. Social sciences	955	515	445	0.7	0.8	0.7
Business, management and public administration	19,880	5,975	13,905	14.8	8.9	20.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,290	250	1,035	1.0	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	18,590	5,720	12,870	13.9	8.5	19.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,295	1,340	960	1.7	2.0	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	935	385	555	0.7	0.6	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	215	140	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	170	105	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	735	560	180	0.5	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	240	150	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,585	1,775	810	1.9	2.6	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,200	1,665	530	1.6	2.5	0.8
25. Library science	250	20	235	0.2	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	22,390	20,655	1,740	16.7	30.8	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	490	265	220	0.4	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	2,595	2,205	390	1.9	3.3	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,330	3,825	505	3.2	5.7	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	5,195	5,015	175	3.9	7.5	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,670	5,455	215	4.2	8.1	0.3
48. Precision production	4,110	3,880	225	3.1	5.8	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,575	2,250	1,325	2.7	3.4	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,930	945	985	1.4	1.4	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,645	1,300	345	1.2	1.9	0.5
Health and related fields	13,140	2,355	10,785	9.8	3.5	16.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	810	370	445	0.6	0.6	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	11,850	1,820	10,030	8.8	2.7	15.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	445	155	290	0.3	0.2	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	8,350	4,720	3,630	6.2	7.0	5.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	4,175	1,095	3,080	3.1	1.6	4.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,515	1,220	295	1.1	1.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,635	2,385	250	2.0	3.6	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	133,955	67,005	66,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,940	22,550	20,390	32.1	33.7	30.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	91,015	44,450	46,565	67.9	66.3	69.5
Location of study inside Canada	87,745	42,685	45,060	65.5	63.7	67.3
Same as province or territory of residence	86,795	42,165	44,635	64.8	62.9	66.7
Different than province or territory of residence	945	520	420	0.7	0.8	0.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,270	1,765	1,505	2.4	2.6	2.2
Americas	885	425	460	0.7	0.6	0.7
United States of America	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	265	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	100	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,175	700	475	0.9	1.0	0.7
Belgium	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	825	510	320	0.6	0.8	0.5
Germany	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	65	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	870	505	365	0.6	0.8	0.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	155	95	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	125	80	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	135	85	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	445	235	215	0.3	0.4	0.3
Asia	320	120	200	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	60	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	225,255	111,680	113,570	...	...	...
In the labour force	127,475	66,230	61,245	...	...	...
Employed	118,830	61,325	57,515	...	...	...
Unemployed	8,635	4,905	3,730	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	97,780	45,450	52,325	...	...	...
Participation rate	56.6	59.3	53.9	56.6	59.3	53.9
Employment rate	52.8	54.9	50.6	52.8	54.9	50.6
Unemployment rate	6.8	7.4	6.1	6.8	7.4	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	225,250	111,680	113,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	95,730	44,080	51,650	42.5	39.5	45.5
Worked	129,520	67,600	61,925	57.5	60.5	54.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	65,930	35,995	29,935	29.3	32.2	26.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	63,590	31,600	31,990	28.2	28.3	28.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	41.5	41.0	41.3	41.5	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	127,470	66,230	61,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,795	1,375	1,425	2.2	2.1	2.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	124,680	64,855	59,825	97.8	97.9	97.7
Employee	111,510	57,330	54,180	87.5	86.6	88.5
Permanent position	92,835	47,860	44,975	72.8	72.3	73.4
Temporary position	18,680	9,470	9,205	14.7	14.3	15.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	5,705	2,590	3,115	4.5	3.9	5.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	12,970	6,880	6,090	10.2	10.4	9.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	13,165	7,520	5,645	10.3	11.4	9.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	127,470	66,230	61,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,795	1,375	1,425	2.2	2.1	2.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	124,680	64,855	59,825	97.8	97.9	97.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,730	1,150	580	1.4	1.7	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	18,355	5,620	12,730	14.4	8.5	20.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,815	5,270	1,540	5.3	8.0	2.5
3 Health occupations	12,280	2,195	10,085	9.6	3.3	16.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	15,235	4,310	10,930	12.0	6.5	17.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,715	1,355	1,360	2.1	2.0	2.2
6 Sales and service occupations	33,095	14,435	18,655	26.0	21.8	30.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	23,445	21,840	1,605	18.4	33.0	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,840	2,315	520	2.2	3.5	0.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	8,175	6,360	1,815	6.4	9.6	3.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	127,470	66,230	61,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,795	1,375	1,425	2.2	2.1	2.3
All industries¹⁹¹	124,680	64,855	59,825	97.8	97.9	97.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,130	2,235	895	2.5	3.4	1.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	450	410	40	0.4	0.6	0.1
22 Utilities	1,540	1,260	280	1.2	1.9	0.5
23 Construction	8,900	7,915	995	7.0	12.0	1.6
31-33 Manufacturing	16,010	12,330	3,680	12.6	18.6	6.0
41 Wholesale trade	2,695	2,010	685	2.1	3.0	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	16,160	7,410	8,750	12.7	11.2	14.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,240	4,205	1,035	4.1	6.3	1.7
51 Information and cultural industries	1,725	1,030	690	1.4	1.6	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	2,880	1,085	1,795	2.3	1.6	2.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,290	740	545	1.0	1.1	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,720	3,115	2,610	4.5	4.7	4.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,215	2,725	1,490	3.3	4.1	2.4
61 Educational services	9,160	2,605	6,550	7.2	3.9	10.7
62 Health care and social assistance	21,410	4,145	17,265	16.8	6.3	28.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,800	1,045	760	1.4	1.6	1.2
72 Accommodation and food services	8,130	3,495	4,630	6.4	5.3	7.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	6,265	3,135	3,135	4.9	4.7	5.1
91 Public administration	7,905	3,940	3,965	6.2	5.9	6.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	137,080	71,390	65,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,045	580	465	0.8	0.8	0.7
French	122,230	62,325	59,900	89.2	87.3	91.2
Non-official language	365	225	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	225	130	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Non-Indigenous	140	95	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	12,105	7,605	4,495	8.8	10.7	6.8
English and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	1,000	525	475	0.7	0.7	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	305	115	195	0.2	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	137,080	71,390	65,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	135,190	70,330	64,860	98.6	98.5	98.7
Official languages	134,330	69,820	64,515	98.0	97.8	98.2
English	2,555	1,490	1,065	1.9	2.1	1.6
French	131,780	68,330	63,450	96.1	95.7	96.6
Non-official languages	855	505	350	0.6	0.7	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	595	325	265	0.4	0.5	0.4
Algonquian languages	595	330	265	0.4	0.5	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	595	330	265	0.4	0.5	0.4
Atikamekw	595	330	265	0.4	0.5	0.4
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	265	180	80	0.2	0.3	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	185	155	30	0.1	0.2	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	180	145	30	0.1	0.2	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	175	145	25	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,885	1,065	820	1.4	1.5	1.2
English and French	1,590	935	655	1.2	1.3	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	285	125	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	137,080	71,390	65,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	125,470	64,175	61,300	91.5	89.9	93.3
English	9,140	5,810	3,325	6.7	8.1	5.1
French	1,890	1,155	735	1.4	1.6	1.1
Non-official language	315	145	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	215	105	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and French	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	165	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	118,830	61,325	57,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	17,130	8,005	9,125	14.4	13.1	15.9
Worked outside Canada	220	170	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	12,650	9,460	3,190	10.6	15.4	5.5
Usual place of work	88,830	43,685	45,145	74.8	71.2	78.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	88,835	43,685	45,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	57,730	26,230	31,500	65.0	60.0	69.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,940	3,810	4,130	8.9	8.7	9.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	23,070	13,585	9,485	26.0	31.1	21.0
Commute to a different province or territory	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	101,485	53,145	48,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	92,495	48,725	43,765	91.1	91.7	90.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	88,170	46,735	41,430	86.9	87.9	85.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	4,320	1,990	2,335	4.3	3.7	4.8
Public transit	1,625	635	990	1.6	1.2	2.0
Walked	5,265	2,420	2,855	5.2	4.6	5.9
Bicycle	585	475	115	0.6	0.9	0.2
Other method	1,515	900	615	1.5	1.7	1.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	101,485	53,145	48,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	45,125	21,425	23,705	44.5	40.3	49.0
15 to 29 minutes	34,600	17,640	16,960	34.1	33.2	35.1
30 to 44 minutes	13,865	8,400	5,470	13.7	15.8	11.3
45 to 59 minutes	3,560	2,305	1,255	3.5	4.3	2.6
60 minutes and over	4,330	3,385	950	4.3	6.4	2.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	101,485	53,145	48,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,410	4,240	1,170	5.3	8.0	2.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	17,650	12,000	5,645	17.4	22.6	11.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	34,910	17,400	17,510	34.4	32.7	36.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	20,320	7,900	12,420	20.0	14.9	25.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	8,295	3,305	4,995	8.2	6.2	10.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	14,895	8,300	6,605	14.7	15.6	13.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	46,845	24,105	22,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,390	2,190	2,200	9.4	9.1	9.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	42,455	21,915	20,535	90.6	90.9	90.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	33,995	17,550	16,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,370	1,650	1,720	9.9	9.4	10.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,540	1,205	1,340	7.5	6.9	8.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	830	445	380	2.4	2.5	2.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	30,620	15,895	14,725	90.1	90.6	89.5

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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