Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Matawinie, Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	55,500	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	50,435	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.0	...	...	10.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	37,357	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	26,510	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	9,423.15	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	55,500	28,745	26,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	7,240	3,815	3,420	13.0	13.3	12.8
0 to 4 years	2,300	1,185	1,110	4.1	4.1	4.1
5 to 9 years	2,460	1,290	1,170	4.4	4.5	4.4
10 to 14 years	2,480	1,340	1,140	4.5	4.7	4.3
15 to 64 years	33,105	16,940	16,165	59.6	58.9	60.4
15 to 19 years	2,055	1,045	1,010	3.7	3.6	3.8
20 to 24 years	1,920	1,035	890	3.5	3.6	3.3
25 to 29 years	2,425	1,225	1,205	4.4	4.3	4.5
30 to 34 years	2,530	1,250	1,280	4.6	4.3	4.8
35 to 39 years	2,645	1,365	1,280	4.8	4.7	4.8
40 to 44 years	2,930	1,570	1,355	5.3	5.5	5.1
45 to 49 years	2,825	1,455	1,370	5.1	5.1	5.1
50 to 54 years	3,660	1,845	1,815	6.6	6.4	6.8
55 to 59 years	5,580	2,820	2,755	10.1	9.8	10.3
60 to 64 years	6,540	3,330	3,205	11.8	11.6	12.0
65 years and over	15,160	7,990	7,170	27.3	27.8	26.8
65 to 69 years	5,610	3,065	2,540	10.1	10.7	9.5
70 to 74 years	4,140	2,235	1,905	7.5	7.8	7.1
75 to 79 years	2,705	1,435	1,270	4.9	5.0	4.7
80 to 84 years	1,535	790	735	2.8	2.7	2.7
85 years and over	1,170	460	710	2.1	1.6	2.7
85 to 89 years	770	335	440	1.4	1.2	1.6
90 to 94 years	310	120	195	0.6	0.4	0.7
95 to 99 years	85	10	70	0.2	0.0	0.3
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.0	13.3	12.8	13.0	13.3	12.8
15 to 64 years	59.6	58.9	60.4	59.6	58.9	60.4
65 years and over	27.3	27.8	26.8	27.3	27.8	26.8
85 years and over	2.1	1.6	2.7	2.1	1.6	2.7
Average age of the population	48.3	48.2	48.4	48.3	48.2	48.4
Median age of the population	54.4	54.4	54.4	54.4	54.4	54.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	26,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	22,715	...	...	85.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	545	...	...	2.1	...	...
Row house	135	...	...	0.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	765	...	...	2.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,935	...	...	7.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	155	...	...	0.6	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	250	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	26,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	9,650	...	...	36.4	...	...
2 persons	11,010	...	...	41.5	...	...
3 persons	2,650	...	...	10.0	...	...
4 persons	1,975	...	...	7.5	...	...
5 or more persons	1,225	...	...	4.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	54,645	28,370	26,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	48,265	24,925	23,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	28,385	14,225	14,160	58.8	57.1	60.7
Married	15,290	7,690	7,595	31.7	30.9	32.5
Living common-law	13,100	6,535	6,560	27.1	26.2	28.1
Living common law - Never married	9,685	4,825	4,855	20.1	19.4	20.8
Living common law - Separated	145	80	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	2,895	1,470	1,425	6.0	5.9	6.1
Living common law - Widowed	380	160	215	0.8	0.6	0.9
Not married and not living common-law	19,880	10,705	9,175	41.2	42.9	39.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	12,525	7,365	5,160	26.0	29.5	22.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	675	400	280	1.4	1.6	1.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,905	2,090	1,815	8.1	8.4	7.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,765	850	1,915	5.7	3.4	8.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	16,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	11,070	...	...	67.7	...	...
3 persons	2,540	...	...	15.5	...	...
4 persons	1,810	...	...	11.1	...	...
5 or more persons	925	...	...	5.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	16,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	13,985	...	...	85.5	...	...
Married couples	7,430	...	...	45.4	...	...
With children⁶	1,710	...	...	10.5	...	...
Without children	5,720	...	...	35.0	...	...
Common-law couples	6,550	...	...	40.1	...	...
With children⁶	2,700	...	...	16.5	...	...
Without children	3,850	...	...	23.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,365	...	...	14.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,665	...	...	10.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	695	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	54,645	28,365	26,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	42,065	21,125	20,940	77.0	74.5	79.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	27,970	13,990	13,980	51.2	49.3	53.2
Parents in one-parent families	2,365	695	1,670	4.3	2.5	6.4
Children⁶	11,730	6,440	5,290	21.5	22.7	20.1
In a two-parent family	8,165	4,405	3,755	14.9	15.5	14.3
In a one-parent family	3,565	2,030	1,535	6.5	7.2	5.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	12,580	7,240	5,345	23.0	25.5	20.3
Living alone	9,655	5,680	3,975	17.7	20.0	15.1
Living with other relatives⁷	1,160	545	620	2.1	1.9	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	1,765	1,020	745	3.2	3.6	2.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	26,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	14,930	...	...	56.3	...	...
Couple-family households	13,050	...	...	49.2	...	...
With children⁶	4,005	...	...	15.1	...	...
Without children	9,045	...	...	34.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,885	...	...	7.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	420	...	...	1.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	90	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	530	...	...	2.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	880	...	...	3.3	...	...
One-person households	9,650	...	...	36.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	47,420	24,555	22,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	46,505	24,100	22,405	98.1	98.1	98.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,600	31,800	35,600	39,600	31,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	46,510	24,105	22,405	98.1	98.2	98.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	35,200	29,200	32,400	35,200	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	39,815	21,080	18,735	84.0	85.8	82.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,200	32,000	22,600	27,200	32,000	22,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,080	15,700	13,380	61.3	63.9	58.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,400	32,400	24,800	28,400	32,400	24,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	40,570	20,795	19,775	85.6	84.7	86.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,800	13,800	13,800	13,800	13,800	13,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,425	3,650	2,775	13.5	14.9	12.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,280	5,520	6,000	6,280	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,820	7,115	5,710	27.0	29.0	25.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	6,500	8,000	7,500	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	47,420	24,555	22,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	46,540	24,145	22,395	98.1	98.3	97.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,720	48,560	38,520	43,720	48,560	38,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	46,540	24,150	22,395	98.1	98.4	97.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,960	40,120	33,520	36,960	40,120	33,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40,170	21,240	18,930	84.7	86.5	82.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,720	42,040	30,720	36,720	42,040	30,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,080	15,690	13,390	61.3	63.9	58.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,320	41,320	32,640	37,320	41,320	32,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40,740	20,925	19,810	85.9	85.2	86.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,760	13,360	14,200	13,760	13,360	14,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,380	3,560	2,815	13.5	14.5	12.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,910	7,010	6,790	6,910	7,010	6,790
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,690	7,000	5,690	26.8	28.5	24.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,220	8,020	8,470	8,220	8,020	8,470
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	47,420	24,555	22,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,615	6,245	5,370	24.5	25.4	23.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,000	54,000	45,600	50,000	54,000	45,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,000	63,300	51,850	58,000	63,300	51,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	13,075	6,885	6,190	27.6	28.0	27.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	23,800	15,500	18,800	23,800	15,500
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,840	31,240	21,920	26,840	31,240	21,920
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	72.4	76.2	67.4	72.4	76.2	67.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	53.3	55.3	50.7	53.3	55.3	50.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	27.6	23.8	32.6	27.6	23.8	32.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.1	5.5	6.8	6.1	5.5	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.1	4.8	5.6	5.1	4.8	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	47,420	24,560	22,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	915	455	460	1.9	1.9	2.0
With total income	46,505	24,100	22,405	98.1	98.1	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,190	1,395	1,790	6.9	5.8	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	6,625	2,690	3,930	14.2	11.2	17.5
$20,000 to $29,999	9,430	4,640	4,790	20.3	19.3	21.4
$30,000 to $39,999	6,980	3,455	3,525	15.0	14.3	15.7
$40,000 to $49,999	6,095	3,280	2,820	13.1	13.6	12.6
$50,000 to $59,999	4,530	2,500	2,025	9.7	10.4	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	2,900	1,725	1,175	6.2	7.2	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,090	1,355	735	4.5	5.6	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,525	940	590	3.3	3.9	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	880	570	310	1.9	2.4	1.4
$100,000 and over	2,260	1,550	715	4.9	6.4	3.2
$100,000 to $149,999	1,560	1,045	515	3.4	4.3	2.3
$150,000 and over	700	500	200	1.5	2.1	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	47,420	24,560	22,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	910	455	460	1.9	1.9	2.0
With after-tax income	46,505	24,100	22,410	98.1	98.1	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,450	1,470	1,980	7.4	6.1	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	6,965	2,890	4,080	15.0	12.0	18.2
$20,000 to $29,999	10,855	5,325	5,530	23.3	22.1	24.7
$30,000 to $39,999	8,595	4,495	4,100	18.5	18.7	18.3
$40,000 to $49,999	6,675	3,770	2,905	14.4	15.6	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	3,975	2,390	1,585	8.5	9.9	7.1
$60,000 to $69,999	2,520	1,530	990	5.4	6.3	4.4
$70,000 to $79,999	1,360	835	525	2.9	3.5	2.3
$80,000 to $89,999	740	450	290	1.6	1.9	1.3
$90,000 to $99,999	430	290	140	0.9	1.2	0.6
$100,000 and over	945	665	280	2.0	2.8	1.2
$100,000 to $124,999	465	320	145	1.0	1.3	0.6
$125,000 and over	475	340	130	1.0	1.4	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	47,420	24,560	22,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	18,335	8,855	9,480	38.7	36.1	41.5
With employment income	29,080	15,700	13,380	61.3	63.9	58.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,840	2,620	2,215	16.6	16.7	16.6
$5,000 to $9,999	2,530	1,200	1,335	8.7	7.6	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	4,125	1,900	2,225	14.2	12.1	16.6
$20,000 to $29,999	3,545	1,735	1,815	12.2	11.1	13.6
$30,000 to $39,999	3,235	1,695	1,535	11.1	10.8	11.5
$40,000 to $49,999	2,805	1,535	1,270	9.6	9.8	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	2,205	1,275	925	7.6	8.1	6.9
$60,000 to $69,999	1,585	1,010	575	5.5	6.4	4.3
$70,000 to $79,999	1,220	805	410	4.2	5.1	3.1
$80,000 to $89,999	965	550	415	3.3	3.5	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	560	375	185	1.9	2.4	1.4
$100,000 and over	1,465	1,000	465	5.0	6.4	3.5
$100,000 to $124,999	700	455	250	2.4	2.9	1.9
$125,000 and over	765	545	220	2.6	3.5	1.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	47,420	24,555	22,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	46,010	23,830	22,180	97.0	97.0	97.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	38,000	28,600	33,200	38,000	28,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	46,050	23,840	22,210	97.1	97.1	97.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	34,000	26,600	30,200	34,000	26,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	39,215	20,785	18,430	82.7	84.6	80.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,400	34,800	24,600	29,400	34,800	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	29,610	15,945	13,670	62.4	64.9	59.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	34,800	26,200	30,200	34,800	26,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,210	18,895	18,320	78.5	76.9	80.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,300	9,700	10,900	10,300	9,700	10,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,180	3,630	2,555	13.0	14.8	11.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,200	5,480	4,880	5,200	5,480	4,880
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	47,420	24,555	22,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	46,105	23,925	22,180	97.2	97.4	97.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,840	47,680	35,560	41,840	47,680	35,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	46,145	23,935	22,215	97.3	97.5	97.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,960	38,920	30,680	34,960	38,920	30,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	39,505	20,945	18,560	83.3	85.3	81.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,480	44,920	31,200	38,480	44,920	31,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,665	15,945	13,720	62.6	64.9	60.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,040	44,200	33,000	39,040	44,200	33,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	37,190	18,820	18,375	78.4	76.6	80.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,010	10,640	11,390	11,010	10,640	11,390
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,200	3,540	2,660	13.1	14.4	11.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,430	6,195	6,730	6,430	6,195	6,730
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	47,420	24,555	22,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,495	6,175	5,320	24.2	25.1	23.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,000	53,600	42,400	48,000	53,600	42,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,350	64,600	48,960	57,350	64,600	48,960
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	12,540	6,690	5,850	26.4	27.2	25.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	27,800	19,400	23,400	27,800	19,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,160	37,280	26,280	32,160	37,280	26,280
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	78.8	82.4	73.4	78.8	82.4	73.4
Employment income (%)	60.0	61.8	57.4	60.0	61.8	57.4
Government transfers (%)	21.2	17.6	26.6	21.2	17.6	26.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	1.9	2.3	2.1	1.9	2.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	26,510	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	54,800	...	...	54,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,650	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,000	...	...	32,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	16,855	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	26,510	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,800	...	...	76,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,900	...	...	64,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,655	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,440	...	...	44,440	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,560	...	...	37,560	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	16,855	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,300	...	...	95,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,500	...	...	80,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	26,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	225	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	165	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	390	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	690	...	...	2.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,860	...	...	7.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,250	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,155	...	...	4.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,615	...	...	6.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,540	...	...	5.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,385	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,530	...	...	9.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,215	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,965	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,815	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,395	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,320	...	...	23.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,530	...	...	9.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,490	...	...	5.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,400	...	...	5.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	895	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	26,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	265	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	170	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	410	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	740	...	...	2.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,005	...	...	7.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,480	...	...	5.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,495	...	...	5.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,945	...	...	7.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,720	...	...	6.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,550	...	...	5.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,840	...	...	10.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,585	...	...	9.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,115	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,740	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,270	...	...	4.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,180	...	...	15.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,075	...	...	7.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,035	...	...	3.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,065	...	...	4.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	16,210	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,115	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,450	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,170	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	60,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...	55,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	11,420	6,695	4,720	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	36,800	31,200	34,000	36,800	31,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,000	32,400	29,200	31,000	32,400	29,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	16,250	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,300	...	...	80,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,900	...	...	86,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,700	...	...	72,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,440	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,400	...	...	125,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	105,500	...	...	105,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,205	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,100	...	...	67,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,100	...	...	60,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	11,305	6,705	4,595	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,440	45,520	40,440	43,440	45,520	40,440
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,760	37,600	35,600	36,760	37,600	35,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	54,645	28,370	26,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	8,530	4,475	4,055	15.6	15.8	15.4
0 to 5 years	2,775	1,435	1,340	5.1	5.1	5.1
18 to 64 years	31,610	16,150	15,455	57.8	56.9	58.8
65 years and over	14,505	7,740	6,770	26.5	27.3	25.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,695	4,475	4,225	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,325	680	645	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	435	215	225	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,225	2,215	2,015	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,145	1,575	1,570	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.9	15.8	16.1	15.9	15.8	16.1
0 to 17 years (%)	15.5	15.2	15.9	15.5	15.2	15.9
0 to 5 years (%)	15.8	14.9	16.6	15.8	14.9	16.6
18 to 64 years (%)	13.4	13.7	13.0	13.4	13.7	13.0
65 years and over (%)	21.7	20.3	23.2	21.7	20.3	23.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	52,650	27,300	25,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,715	4,005	3,710	14.7	14.7	14.6
0 to 5 years	2,500	1,290	1,210	4.7	4.7	4.8
18 to 64 years	30,490	15,580	14,910	57.9	57.1	58.8
65 years and over	14,445	7,710	6,730	27.4	28.2	26.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,505	860	640	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	130	70	65	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	50	30	20	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,210	720	485	...	...	...
65 years and over	165	75	85	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.9	3.2	2.5	2.9	3.2	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.8
0 to 5 years (%)	1.9	2.2	1.6	1.9	2.2	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	4.6	3.3	4.0	4.6	3.3
65 years and over (%)	1.1	1.0	1.3	1.1	1.0	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	54,645	28,370	26,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	36,500	18,795	17,705	66.8	66.2	67.4
In bottom decile	7,150	3,725	3,420	13.1	13.1	13.0
In second decile	8,400	4,215	4,185	15.4	14.9	15.9
In third decile	7,510	3,855	3,655	13.7	13.6	13.9
In fourth decile	7,305	3,830	3,475	13.4	13.5	13.2
In fifth decile	6,140	3,165	2,980	11.2	11.2	11.3
In top half of the distribution	18,145	9,575	8,575	33.2	33.8	32.6
In sixth decile	5,330	2,770	2,560	9.8	9.8	9.7
In seventh decile	4,450	2,360	2,095	8.1	8.3	8.0
In eighth decile	3,725	1,975	1,750	6.8	7.0	6.7
In ninth decile	2,645	1,385	1,260	4.8	4.9	4.8
In top decile	1,995	1,080	910	3.7	3.8	3.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	54,645	...	...	54,645	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.314	...	...	0.314	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.489	...	...	0.489	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.270	...	...	0.270	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	55,065	28,555	26,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	520	280	240	0.9	1.0	0.9
French only	35,150	17,660	17,495	63.8	61.8	66.0
English and French	19,260	10,540	8,725	35.0	36.9	32.9
Neither English nor French	130	80	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	55,065	28,555	26,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,220	1,140	1,080	4.0	4.0	4.1
French	52,180	27,040	25,135	94.8	94.7	94.8
English and French	540	300	245	1.0	1.1	0.9
Neither English nor French	120	75	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	55,065	28,555	26,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	54,295	28,165	26,130	98.6	98.6	98.6
Official languages	51,445	26,625	24,825	93.4	93.2	93.6
English	1,825	925	905	3.3	3.2	3.4
French	49,620	25,700	23,925	90.1	90.0	90.2
Non-official languages	2,845	1,540	1,305	5.2	5.4	4.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,860	1,010	855	3.4	3.5	3.2
Algonquian languages	1,860	1,010	855	3.4	3.5	3.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	1,850	1,005	850	3.4	3.5	3.2
Atikamekw	1,845	995	845	3.4	3.5	3.2
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	985	530	450	1.8	1.9	1.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	25	20	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	800	430	365	1.5	1.5	1.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	250	130	125	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	240	120	120	0.4	0.4	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	115	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	90	35	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	430	250	175	0.8	0.9	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	120	90	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Portuguese	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	215	110	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	770	395	375	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and French	605	305	300	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	55,065	28,555	26,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,405	705	700	2.6	2.5	2.6
French	48,890	25,335	23,560	88.8	88.7	88.9
Non-official language	975	535	435	1.8	1.9	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	770	420	355	1.4	1.5	1.3
Non-Indigenous	200	120	85	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and French	1,920	985	935	3.5	3.4	3.5
English and non-official language(s)	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	1,410	730	675	2.6	2.6	2.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	340	200	140	0.6	0.7	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	55,065	28,555	26,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	54,295	28,150	26,145	98.6	98.6	98.6
Official languages	52,280	27,070	25,205	94.9	94.8	95.1
English	1,865	950	915	3.4	3.3	3.5
French	50,415	26,120	24,300	91.6	91.5	91.7
Non-official languages	2,015	1,085	930	3.7	3.8	3.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,680	900	785	3.1	3.2	3.0
Algonquian languages	1,665	890	775	3.0	3.1	2.9
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	1,645	880	765	3.0	3.1	2.9
Atikamekw	1,645	880	765	3.0	3.1	2.9
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	335	185	150	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	255	140	125	0.5	0.5	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	125	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	125	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	120	75	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	90	55	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	770	400	365	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and French	485	260	225	0.9	0.9	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	230	110	120	0.4	0.4	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	55,065	28,550	26,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	51,970	26,940	25,030	94.4	94.4	94.4
English	1,140	570	570	2.1	2.0	2.2
French	1,295	685	610	2.4	2.4	2.3
Non-official language	375	195	180	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	135	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	240	125	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	155	95	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	54,650	28,365	26,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	54,505	28,285	26,220	99.7	99.7	99.8
English	19,705	10,655	9,050	36.1	37.6	34.4
French	53,995	28,045	25,950	98.8	98.9	98.7
Non-official languages	4,685	2,355	2,330	8.6	8.3	8.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,000	1,065	935	3.7	3.8	3.6
Algonquian languages	2,000	1,065	935	3.7	3.8	3.6
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	1,990	1,055	935	3.6	3.7	3.6
Atikamekw	1,985	1,055	935	3.6	3.7	3.6
Cree languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,710	1,300	1,405	5.0	4.6	5.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,415	1,175	1,240	4.4	4.1	4.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	275	135	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	260	130	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	160	80	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	220	135	85	0.4	0.5	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	180	115	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
German	180	110	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,980	945	1,035	3.6	3.3	3.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	335	180	165	0.6	0.6	0.6
Portuguese	150	70	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romanian	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Spanish	1,535	730	805	2.8	2.6	3.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	54,650	28,365	26,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,130	1,705	1,425	5.7	6.0	5.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,030	1,645	1,385	5.5	5.8	5.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,555	1,370	1,185	4.7	4.8	4.5
Métis	470	270	205	0.9	1.0	0.8
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	90	55	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	51,515	26,660	24,855	94.3	94.0	94.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	54,650	28,365	26,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,215	1,185	1,030	4.1	4.2	3.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	52,435	27,180	25,250	95.9	95.8	96.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	26,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	20,545	...	...	77.5	...	...
Renter	5,670	...	...	21.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	290	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	26,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	880	...	...	3.3	...	...
Not condominium	25,630	...	...	96.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	26,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	3,115	...	...	11.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,300	...	...	38.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,650	...	...	32.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,410	...	...	16.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	26,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,425	...	...	28.0	...	...
5 rooms	5,825	...	...	22.0	...	...
6 rooms	4,365	...	...	16.5	...	...
7 rooms	3,375	...	...	12.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,515	...	...	20.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	26,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	26,320	...	...	99.3	...	...
More than one person per room	190	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	26,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	25,885	...	...	97.6	...	...
Not suitable	625	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	26,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,000	...	...	18.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,835	...	...	33.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,430	...	...	12.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,620	...	...	9.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,270	...	...	4.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,890	...	...	7.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,615	...	...	6.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,860	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	26,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	24,460	...	...	92.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,055	...	...	7.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	26,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	15,245	...	...	57.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	10,700	...	...	40.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	570	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	26,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	400	...	...	1.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,205	...	...	8.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,200	...	...	12.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,860	...	...	14.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,305	...	...	27.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,225	...	...	23.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,710	...	...	10.2	...	...
85 years and over	610	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	25,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	22,495	...	...	86.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,480	...	...	13.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,185	...	...	12.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	26,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,625	...	...	21.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,075	...	...	11.6	...	...
Not suitable only	475	...	...	1.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,555	...	...	5.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	370	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	20,885	...	...	78.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	25,685	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,295	...	...	5.0	...	...
Not in core need	24,390	...	...	95.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,420	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.5	...	...	56.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.7	...	...	10.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	740	...	...	740	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	865	...	...	865	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	278,400	...	...	278,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,625	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.0	...	...	23.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.4	...	...	9.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	725	...	...	725	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	740	...	...	740	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	290	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	468	...	...	468	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	472	...	...	472	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	54,645	28,370	26,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,085	1,670	1,420	5.6	5.9	5.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,080	1,665	1,420	5.6	5.9	5.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,930	1,575	1,355	5.4	5.6	5.2
Métis single ancestry	145	85	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,790	945	840	3.3	3.3	3.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,760	945	820	3.2	3.3	3.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,670	875	795	3.1	3.1	3.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	85	70	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	49,770	25,750	24,025	91.1	90.8	91.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	54,645	28,365	26,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	54,235	28,125	26,115	99.2	99.2	99.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,435	4,370	4,065	15.4	15.4	15.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	45,810	23,755	22,050	83.8	83.7	83.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	415	240	170	0.8	0.8	0.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	54,645	28,365	26,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	52,865	27,375	25,490	96.7	96.5	97.0
Immigrants⁸¹	1,605	865	740	2.9	3.0	2.8
Before 1980	605	340	270	1.1	1.2	1.0
1980 to 1990	200	105	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
1991 to 2000	285	135	155	0.5	0.5	0.6
2001 to 2010	295	175	125	0.5	0.6	0.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	215	115	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
2011 to 2015	145	70	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
2016 to 2021	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	180	125	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,605	865	740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	225	130	95	14.0	15.0	12.8
5 to 14 years	265	120	145	16.5	13.9	19.6
15 to 24 years	280	140	145	17.4	16.2	19.6
25 to 44 years	695	385	310	43.3	44.5	41.9
45 years and over	145	90	50	9.0	10.4	6.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,605	865	740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	290	135	155	18.1	15.6	20.9
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	35	25	10	2.2	2.9	1.4
El Salvador	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	25	15	10	1.6	1.7	1.4
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	0	15	0.9	0.0	2.0
Peru	30	0	25	1.9	0.0	3.4
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	90	40	45	5.6	4.6	6.1
Other places of birth in Americas	85	35	45	5.3	4.0	6.1
Europe	1,065	610	455	66.4	70.5	61.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	470	285	190	29.3	32.9	25.7
Germany	40	35	0	2.5	4.0	0.0
Greece	15	10	0	0.9	1.2	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	90	65	25	5.6	7.5	3.4
Netherlands	15	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.4
Poland	110	55	60	6.9	6.4	8.1
Portugal	50	0	40	3.1	0.0	5.4
Romania	30	15	15	1.9	1.7	2.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.4
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	10	0	0.9	1.2	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	25	25	3.1	2.9	3.4
Other places of birth in Europe	165	90	75	10.3	10.4	10.1
Africa	120	70	45	7.5	8.1	6.1
Algeria	25	15	0	1.6	1.7	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.4
Egypt	15	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	30	20	10	1.9	2.3	1.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	45	25	20	2.8	2.9	2.7
Asia	125	45	80	7.8	5.2	10.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	20	0	1.2	2.3	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	0	25	1.9	0.0	3.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	40	0	35	2.5	0.0	4.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	70	40	30	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	10	0	0	14.3	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	10	0	0	14.3	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	40	40	0	57.1	100.0	0.0
France	25	15	0	35.7	37.5	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	10	0	14.3	25.0	0.0
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	10	0	10	14.3	0.0	33.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	54,650	28,365	26,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,955	1,055	895	3.6	3.7	3.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,730	895	835	3.2	3.2	3.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	50,965	26,415	24,545	93.3	93.1	93.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,000	525	475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	490	290	195	49.0	55.2	41.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	315	215	100	31.5	41.0	21.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	180	75	100	18.0	14.3	21.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	380	170	215	38.0	32.4	45.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	120	60	60	12.0	11.4	12.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,000	525	475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	60	20	40	6.0	3.8	8.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	205	135	65	20.5	25.7	13.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	30	10	20	3.0	1.9	4.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	10	10	1.5	1.9	2.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	685	355	340	68.5	67.6	71.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	54,650	28,365	26,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	715	320	390	1.3	1.1	1.5
South Asian	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese	70	15	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Black	200	110	85	0.4	0.4	0.3
Filipino	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	200	100	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Southeast Asian	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japanese	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	53,935	28,045	25,890	98.7	98.9	98.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	54,645	28,365	26,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	19,500	9,970	9,530	35.7	35.1	36.3
English	895	465	430	1.6	1.6	1.6
Irish	3,135	1,640	1,500	5.7	5.8	5.7
Scottish	1,055	510	550	1.9	1.8	2.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	13,005	6,900	6,105	23.8	24.3	23.2
German	660	335	325	1.2	1.2	1.2
Chinese	105	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italian	1,085	600	495	2.0	2.1	1.9
Indian (India)	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	105	65	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	80	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Polish	290	130	160	0.5	0.5	0.6
Québécois	8,735	4,550	4,185	16.0	16.0	15.9
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	115	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Filipino	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
French Canadian	4,710	2,395	2,315	8.6	8.4	8.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	925	440	480	1.7	1.6	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,295	670	625	2.4	2.4	2.4
Métis	260	160	100	0.5	0.6	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	570	300	270	1.0	1.1	1.0
Russian	105	30	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
Norwegian	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Welsh	50	45	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Portuguese	190	90	100	0.3	0.3	0.4
American	420	205	215	0.8	0.7	0.8
Spanish	310	160	150	0.6	0.6	0.6
Swedish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Acadian	655	275	380	1.2	1.0	1.4
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	85	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jewish	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	95	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romanian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	110	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	535	300	235	1.0	1.1	0.9
Danish	20	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	495	285	205	0.9	1.0	0.8
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	300	170	130	0.5	0.6	0.5
Haitian	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	205	100	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Syrian	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	295	175	130	0.5	0.6	0.5
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	60	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	225	120	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	35	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	130	75	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	210	100	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	140	65	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	135	75	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Norman	105	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	1,745	920	830	3.2	3.2	3.2
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	54,650	28,365	26,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	80	20	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Christian	38,985	20,150	18,835	71.3	71.0	71.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,905	965	940	3.5	3.4	3.6
Anabaptist	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	205	100	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baptist	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catholic	35,945	18,585	17,360	65.8	65.5	66.1
Christian Orthodox	135	80	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	185	75	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	85	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	360	200	160	0.7	0.7	0.6
Hindu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	520	285	230	1.0	1.0	0.9
Other religions and spiritual traditions	105	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	14,860	7,810	7,050	27.2	27.5	26.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	54,205	28,135	26,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	47,845	24,920	22,925	88.3	88.6	88.0
Movers	6,355	3,210	3,145	11.7	11.4	12.1
Non-migrants	1,935	985	950	3.6	3.5	3.6
Migrants	4,420	2,225	2,195	8.2	7.9	8.4
Internal migrants	4,365	2,205	2,165	8.1	7.8	8.3
Intraprovincial migrants	4,275	2,155	2,120	7.9	7.7	8.1
Interprovincial migrants	85	40	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
External migrants	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	52,395	27,200	25,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	31,080	16,375	14,700	59.3	60.2	58.3
Movers	21,315	10,820	10,495	40.7	39.8	41.7
Non-migrants	4,515	2,375	2,140	8.6	8.7	8.5
Migrants	16,800	8,450	8,355	32.1	31.1	33.2
Internal migrants	16,510	8,280	8,235	31.5	30.4	32.7
Intraprovincial migrants	16,215	8,095	8,120	30.9	29.8	32.2
Interprovincial migrants	300	185	115	0.6	0.7	0.5
External migrants	290	175	120	0.6	0.6	0.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	47,420	24,555	22,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,590	7,845	5,740	28.7	31.9	25.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	33,830	16,705	17,120	71.3	68.0	74.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	28,970	14,670	14,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,140	4,400	2,745	24.6	30.0	19.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	21,830	10,275	11,560	75.4	70.0	80.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	47,415	24,555	22,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,730	6,440	5,285	24.7	26.2	23.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,550	5,530	6,020	24.4	22.5	26.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,145	12,590	11,555	50.9	51.3	50.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,540	10,110	8,430	39.1	41.2	36.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,310	6,550	3,760	21.7	26.7	16.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,090	3,845	3,245	15.0	15.7	14.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,220	2,705	515	6.8	11.0	2.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,795	2,965	3,835	14.3	12.1	16.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,440	595	845	3.0	2.4	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,605	2,480	3,125	11.8	10.1	13.7
Bachelor's degree	3,780	1,605	2,175	8.0	6.5	9.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	555	260	290	1.2	1.1	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	145	85	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Master's degree	960	440	520	2.0	1.8	2.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	175	90	80	0.4	0.4	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	28,970	14,670	14,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,820	3,435	2,385	20.1	23.4	16.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,245	3,075	3,175	21.6	21.0	22.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,905	8,160	8,740	58.4	55.6	61.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,105	6,755	6,350	45.2	46.0	44.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,620	4,550	3,075	26.3	31.0	21.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,360	2,670	2,695	18.5	18.2	18.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,260	1,875	385	7.8	12.8	2.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,670	1,910	2,755	16.1	13.0	19.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	815	300	515	2.8	2.0	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,795	1,405	2,395	13.1	9.6	16.7
Bachelor's degree	2,610	945	1,665	9.0	6.4	11.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	330	135	195	1.1	0.9	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	80	25	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	670	250	420	2.3	1.7	2.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	105	50	60	0.4	0.3	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	47,420	24,560	22,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,275	11,970	11,305	49.1	48.7	49.5
Education	2,005	480	1,530	4.2	2.0	6.7
13. Education	2,005	480	1,530	4.2	2.0	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	835	375	460	1.8	1.5	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	90	60	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	745	320	430	1.6	1.3	1.9
Humanities	955	425	535	2.0	1.7	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	130	35	95	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	510	230	280	1.1	0.9	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	60	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	110	25	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,635	485	1,145	3.4	2.0	5.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	180	55	120	0.4	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	440	35	410	0.9	0.1	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	345	135	215	0.7	0.5	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	245	75	175	0.5	0.3	0.8
45. Social sciences	360	185	180	0.8	0.8	0.8
Business, management and public administration	4,680	1,560	3,115	9.9	6.4	13.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	220	55	165	0.5	0.2	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,460	1,505	2,950	9.4	6.1	12.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	540	290	250	1.1	1.2	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	185	80	100	0.4	0.3	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	90	65	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
40. Physical sciences	95	70	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	570	380	190	1.2	1.5	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	450	315	140	0.9	1.3	0.6
25. Library science	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,450	6,020	430	13.6	24.5	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	145	90	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	355	320	35	0.7	1.3	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,090	945	145	2.3	3.8	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,955	1,900	60	4.1	7.7	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,530	1,480	55	3.2	6.0	0.2
48. Precision production	1,375	1,285	85	2.9	5.2	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	810	525	285	1.7	2.1	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	530	290	240	1.1	1.2	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	280	240	40	0.6	1.0	0.2
Health and related fields	2,990	575	2,415	6.3	2.3	10.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	265	135	125	0.6	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,660	400	2,265	5.6	1.6	9.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,670	1,470	1,200	5.6	6.0	5.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,315	305	1,015	2.8	1.2	4.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	485	405	80	1.0	1.6	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	855	750	105	1.8	3.1	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	28,970	14,670	14,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	12,070	6,505	5,565	41.7	44.3	38.9
Education	1,230	250	980	4.2	1.7	6.9
13. Education	1,230	250	980	4.2	1.7	6.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	610	265	350	2.1	1.8	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	65	45	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	550	220	330	1.9	1.5	2.3
Humanities	580	225	350	2.0	1.5	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	20	55	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	330	135	190	1.1	0.9	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
54. History	30	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	15	70	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,180	270	915	4.1	1.8	6.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	135	40	100	0.5	0.3	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	335	15	325	1.2	0.1	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	220	50	170	0.8	0.3	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	165	40	130	0.6	0.3	0.9
45. Social sciences	270	115	155	0.9	0.8	1.1
Business, management and public administration	3,345	925	2,420	11.5	6.3	16.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	170	25	140	0.6	0.2	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,180	900	2,275	11.0	6.1	15.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	270	150	120	0.9	1.0	0.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	110	40	65	0.4	0.3	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
40. Physical sciences	60	40	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	430	275	150	1.5	1.9	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	345	240	105	1.2	1.6	0.7
25. Library science	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	35	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,405	4,040	365	15.2	27.5	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	95	50	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	215	195	25	0.7	1.3	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	775	640	135	2.7	4.4	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,335	1,295	40	4.6	8.8	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,020	975	45	3.5	6.6	0.3
48. Precision production	970	890	80	3.3	6.1	0.6
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	590	355	235	2.0	2.4	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	430	225	210	1.5	1.5	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	160	130	30	0.6	0.9	0.2
Health and related fields	2,235	350	1,875	7.7	2.4	13.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	175	80	95	0.6	0.5	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,025	260	1,770	7.0	1.8	12.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,025	1,045	980	7.0	7.1	6.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	990	175	810	3.4	1.2	5.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	365	290	75	1.3	2.0	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	665	570	95	2.3	3.9	0.7
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	28,970	14,670	14,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,070	6,505	5,565	41.7	44.3	38.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	16,905	8,165	8,740	58.4	55.7	61.1
Location of study inside Canada	16,375	7,885	8,490	56.5	53.7	59.4
Same as province or territory of residence	16,150	7,805	8,350	55.7	53.2	58.4
Different than province or territory of residence	220	80	140	0.8	0.5	1.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	530	275	250	1.8	1.9	1.7
Americas	75	20	50	0.3	0.1	0.3
United States of America	50	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	385	225	160	1.3	1.5	1.1
Belgium	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	280	185	100	1.0	1.3	0.7
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asia	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oceania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	47,415	24,555	22,865	...	...	...
In the labour force	24,890	13,360	11,530	...	...	...
Employed	22,640	12,055	10,585	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,250	1,310	940	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	22,530	11,195	11,335	...	...	...
Participation rate	52.5	54.4	50.4	52.5	54.4	50.4
Employment rate	47.7	49.1	46.3	47.7	49.1	46.3
Unemployment rate	9.0	9.8	8.2	9.0	9.8	8.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	47,420	24,560	22,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	21,540	10,615	10,925	45.4	43.2	47.8
Worked	25,880	13,940	11,935	54.6	56.8	52.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	11,980	6,495	5,485	25.3	26.4	24.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	13,895	7,445	6,450	29.3	30.3	28.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.6	39.5	39.8	39.6	39.5	39.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	24,885	13,355	11,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	595	355	235	2.4	2.7	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	24,295	13,005	11,290	97.6	97.4	97.9
Employee	20,275	10,455	9,820	81.5	78.3	85.2
Permanent position	16,600	8,555	8,040	66.7	64.1	69.7
Temporary position	3,680	1,895	1,780	14.8	14.2	15.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,015	480	535	4.1	3.6	4.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,665	1,415	1,240	10.7	10.6	10.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,020	2,550	1,470	16.2	19.1	12.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	24,885	13,355	11,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	595	355	235	2.4	2.7	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	24,295	13,005	11,290	97.6	97.4	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	540	395	145	2.2	3.0	1.3
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,360	850	2,505	13.5	6.4	21.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,005	745	260	4.0	5.6	2.3
3 Health occupations	1,865	350	1,515	7.5	2.6	13.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,710	795	1,920	10.9	6.0	16.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	550	270	275	2.2	2.0	2.4
6 Sales and service occupations	5,965	2,405	3,560	24.0	18.0	30.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,120	5,500	620	24.6	41.2	5.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	875	690	180	3.5	5.2	1.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,305	1,000	300	5.2	7.5	2.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	24,885	13,355	11,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	595	355	235	2.4	2.7	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	24,295	13,005	11,290	97.6	97.4	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	820	535	285	3.3	4.0	2.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	115	95	15	0.5	0.7	0.1
22 Utilities	125	75	50	0.5	0.6	0.4
23 Construction	2,905	2,550	355	11.7	19.1	3.1
31-33 Manufacturing	2,495	1,865	630	10.0	14.0	5.5
41 Wholesale trade	655	455	195	2.6	3.4	1.7
44-45 Retail trade	3,085	1,350	1,735	12.4	10.1	15.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,185	825	365	4.8	6.2	3.2
51 Information and cultural industries	260	155	105	1.0	1.2	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	590	170	415	2.4	1.3	3.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	280	165	115	1.1	1.2	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,155	595	560	4.6	4.5	4.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,130	705	425	4.5	5.3	3.7
61 Educational services	1,685	465	1,225	6.8	3.5	10.6
62 Health care and social assistance	3,315	630	2,685	13.3	4.7	23.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	540	285	250	2.2	2.1	2.2
72 Accommodation and food services	1,320	515	805	5.3	3.9	7.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,375	780	600	5.5	5.8	5.2
91 Public administration	1,255	775	480	5.0	5.8	4.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	27,495	14,745	12,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	505	285	215	1.8	1.9	1.7
French	22,770	12,130	10,645	82.8	82.3	83.5
Non-official language	185	120	65	0.7	0.8	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	115	70	40	0.4	0.5	0.3
Non-Indigenous	70	45	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and French	3,450	1,880	1,560	12.5	12.8	12.2
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	475	255	220	1.7	1.7	1.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	105	65	40	0.4	0.4	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	27,495	14,745	12,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	26,970	14,470	12,500	98.1	98.1	98.0
Official languages	26,525	14,195	12,335	96.5	96.3	96.7
English	930	550	380	3.4	3.7	3.0
French	25,595	13,640	11,955	93.1	92.5	93.8
Non-official languages	445	280	160	1.6	1.9	1.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	370	230	140	1.3	1.6	1.1
Algonquian languages	370	230	140	1.3	1.6	1.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	370	230	140	1.3	1.6	1.1
Atikamekw	370	230	140	1.3	1.6	1.1
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	75	50	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	55	50	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	40	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	30	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	530	275	255	1.9	1.9	2.0
English and French	440	240	205	1.6	1.6	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	80	30	50	0.3	0.2	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	27,495	14,745	12,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	23,965	12,795	11,170	87.2	86.8	87.6
English	2,630	1,415	1,215	9.6	9.6	9.5
French	655	405	250	2.4	2.7	2.0
Non-official language	175	90	90	0.6	0.6	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	120	65	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-Indigenous	60	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	22,640	12,050	10,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,230	1,440	1,790	14.3	12.0	16.9
Worked outside Canada	30	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	3,685	2,920	770	16.3	24.2	7.3
Usual place of work	15,695	7,670	8,025	69.3	63.7	75.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	15,695	7,670	8,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	5,465	2,445	3,025	34.8	31.9	37.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,105	920	1,185	13.4	12.0	14.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	8,095	4,290	3,810	51.6	55.9	47.5
Commute to a different province or territory	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	19,380	10,585	8,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	18,050	9,905	8,140	93.1	93.6	92.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	17,300	9,605	7,700	89.3	90.7	87.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	750	305	445	3.9	2.9	5.1
Public transit	115	65	50	0.6	0.6	0.6
Walked	870	410	460	4.5	3.9	5.2
Bicycle	65	50	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
Other method	290	155	130	1.5	1.5	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	19,380	10,585	8,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	6,235	2,930	3,305	32.2	27.7	37.6
15 to 29 minutes	4,840	2,415	2,425	25.0	22.8	27.6
30 to 44 minutes	3,560	1,900	1,660	18.4	17.9	18.9
45 to 59 minutes	1,695	1,080	615	8.7	10.2	7.0
60 minutes and over	3,050	2,265	790	15.7	21.4	9.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	19,380	10,585	8,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,835	1,505	335	9.5	14.2	3.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,380	2,265	1,110	17.4	21.4	12.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,490	2,665	2,825	28.3	25.2	32.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,885	1,585	2,305	20.0	15.0	26.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,680	670	1,010	8.7	6.3	11.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,110	1,895	1,215	16.0	17.9	13.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	8,680	4,555	4,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	915	470	440	10.5	10.3	10.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,770	4,085	3,685	89.5	89.7	89.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,235	3,295	2,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	675	360	315	10.8	10.9	10.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	490	260	230	7.9	7.9	7.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	185	100	85	3.0	3.0	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,560	2,940	2,615	89.2	89.2	89.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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