Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Maskinongé, Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	37,292	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	36,316	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	19,380	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	17,241	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	15.8	...	...	15.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,367.08	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	37,290	19,050	18,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	5,610	2,885	2,725	15.0	15.1	14.9
0 to 4 years	1,615	835	775	4.3	4.4	4.2
5 to 9 years	1,995	990	1,005	5.3	5.2	5.5
10 to 14 years	2,000	1,060	940	5.4	5.6	5.2
15 to 64 years	21,710	11,190	10,520	58.2	58.7	57.7
15 to 19 years	1,480	800	685	4.0	4.2	3.8
20 to 24 years	1,225	660	570	3.3	3.5	3.1
25 to 29 years	1,445	740	700	3.9	3.9	3.8
30 to 34 years	1,865	925	945	5.0	4.9	5.2
35 to 39 years	2,280	1,165	1,115	6.1	6.1	6.1
40 to 44 years	2,320	1,235	1,080	6.2	6.5	5.9
45 to 49 years	1,880	980	900	5.0	5.1	4.9
50 to 54 years	2,160	1,115	1,050	5.8	5.9	5.8
55 to 59 years	3,280	1,640	1,635	8.8	8.6	9.0
60 to 64 years	3,770	1,930	1,840	10.1	10.1	10.1
65 years and over	9,970	4,975	4,995	26.7	26.1	27.4
65 to 69 years	3,340	1,765	1,580	9.0	9.3	8.7
70 to 74 years	2,580	1,335	1,250	6.9	7.0	6.9
75 to 79 years	1,920	960	965	5.1	5.0	5.3
80 to 84 years	1,060	490	575	2.8	2.6	3.2
85 years and over	1,060	430	630	2.8	2.3	3.5
85 to 89 years	720	320	395	1.9	1.7	2.2
90 to 94 years	255	85	170	0.7	0.4	0.9
95 to 99 years	80	20	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.0	15.1	14.9	15.0	15.1	14.9
15 to 64 years	58.2	58.7	57.7	58.2	58.7	57.7
65 years and over	26.7	26.1	27.4	26.7	26.1	27.4
85 years and over	2.8	2.3	3.5	2.8	2.3	3.5
Average age of the population	47.0	46.6	47.5	47.0	46.6	47.5
Median age of the population	51.2	50.8	52.0	51.2	50.8	52.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	17,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	13,315	...	...	77.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	335	...	...	1.9	...	...
Row house	160	...	...	0.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	930	...	...	5.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,305	...	...	13.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	95	...	...	0.6	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	100	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	17,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	5,880	...	...	34.1	...	...
2 persons	7,005	...	...	40.6	...	...
3 persons	1,955	...	...	11.3	...	...
4 persons	1,620	...	...	9.4	...	...
5 or more persons	785	...	...	4.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	36,525	18,670	17,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	31,680	16,165	15,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	19,140	9,560	9,585	60.4	59.1	61.8
Married	9,605	4,795	4,805	30.3	29.7	31.0
Living common-law	9,540	4,760	4,775	30.1	29.4	30.8
Living common law - Never married	7,565	3,755	3,810	23.9	23.2	24.5
Living common law - Separated	95	45	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,630	850	780	5.1	5.3	5.0
Living common law - Widowed	245	105	135	0.8	0.6	0.9
Not married and not living common-law	12,540	6,610	5,930	39.6	40.9	38.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	8,020	4,790	3,230	25.3	29.6	20.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	325	175	145	1.0	1.1	0.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,225	1,120	1,100	7.0	6.9	7.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,970	520	1,450	6.2	3.2	9.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	10,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	6,895	...	...	62.9	...	...
3 persons	1,880	...	...	17.2	...	...
4 persons	1,515	...	...	13.8	...	...
5 or more persons	665	...	...	6.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	10,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	9,405	...	...	85.9	...	...
Married couples	4,635	...	...	42.3	...	...
With children⁶	1,100	...	...	10.0	...	...
Without children	3,535	...	...	32.3	...	...
Common-law couples	4,770	...	...	43.5	...	...
With children⁶	2,370	...	...	21.6	...	...
Without children	2,400	...	...	21.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,550	...	...	14.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,065	...	...	9.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	485	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	36,525	18,670	17,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	29,095	14,615	14,480	79.7	78.3	81.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	18,815	9,390	9,425	51.5	50.3	52.8
Parents in one-parent families	1,550	485	1,065	4.2	2.6	6.0
Children⁶	8,735	4,745	3,990	23.9	25.4	22.4
In a two-parent family	6,400	3,430	2,970	17.5	18.4	16.6
In a one-parent family	2,335	1,320	1,020	6.4	7.1	5.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	7,425	4,055	3,370	20.3	21.7	18.9
Living alone	5,880	3,215	2,665	16.1	17.2	14.9
Living with other relatives⁷	645	330	315	1.8	1.8	1.8
Living with non-relatives only	900	505	390	2.5	2.7	2.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	17,245	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	10,390	...	...	60.2	...	...
Couple-family households	9,040	...	...	52.4	...	...
With children⁶	3,320	...	...	19.3	...	...
Without children	5,720	...	...	33.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,350	...	...	7.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	155	...	...	0.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	280	...	...	1.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	510	...	...	3.0	...	...
One-person households	5,880	...	...	34.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	30,920	15,795	15,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,465	15,570	14,890	98.5	98.6	98.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	40,800	31,600	36,000	40,800	31,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,470	15,580	14,890	98.5	98.6	98.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	36,000	29,000	32,400	36,000	29,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,475	13,900	12,575	85.6	88.0	83.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,800	33,200	22,600	27,800	33,200	22,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,745	10,715	9,030	63.9	67.8	59.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	35,600	26,800	31,200	35,600	26,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,790	13,370	13,420	86.6	84.6	88.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,200	12,700	13,500	13,200	12,700	13,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,650	2,615	2,035	15.0	16.6	13.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	6,000	4,960	5,480	6,000	4,960
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,170	4,465	3,710	26.4	28.3	24.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,500	6,000	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	30,920	15,805	15,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,405	15,565	14,840	98.3	98.5	98.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,560	47,920	36,920	42,560	47,920	36,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,410	15,565	14,840	98.4	98.5	98.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,240	39,920	32,440	36,240	39,920	32,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,340	13,890	12,450	85.2	87.9	82.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,440	41,120	29,080	35,440	41,120	29,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,745	10,775	8,970	63.9	68.2	59.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,520	41,600	32,640	37,520	41,600	32,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,820	13,475	13,345	86.7	85.3	88.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,440	12,960	13,940	13,440	12,960	13,940
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,705	2,760	1,940	15.2	17.5	12.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,520	6,450	6,610	6,520	6,450	6,610
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,320	4,620	3,700	26.9	29.2	24.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,680	7,290	8,160	7,680	7,290	8,160
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	30,920	15,805	15,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,755	4,915	3,840	28.3	31.1	25.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,200	53,600	45,200	49,200	53,600	45,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	55,300	59,200	50,360	55,300	59,200	50,360
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,665	4,450	4,215	28.0	28.2	27.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	25,000	17,200	20,400	25,000	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,600	31,440	21,460	26,600	31,440	21,460
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	72.2	76.6	66.0	72.2	76.6	66.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	57.3	60.1	53.4	57.3	60.1	53.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	27.9	23.4	33.9	27.9	23.4	33.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.9	5.3	6.8	5.9	5.3	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.9	4.5	5.5	4.9	4.5	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	30,920	15,790	15,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	460	225	240	1.5	1.4	1.6
With total income	30,460	15,570	14,890	98.5	98.6	98.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,915	765	1,150	6.3	4.9	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	4,395	1,695	2,705	14.4	10.9	18.2
$20,000 to $29,999	6,105	2,905	3,205	20.0	18.7	21.5
$30,000 to $39,999	4,580	2,270	2,305	15.0	14.6	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	4,205	2,240	1,965	13.8	14.4	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	2,985	1,650	1,340	9.8	10.6	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	2,045	1,265	780	6.7	8.1	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	1,375	890	490	4.5	5.7	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	935	555	380	3.1	3.6	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	600	400	200	2.0	2.6	1.3
$100,000 and over	1,315	945	375	4.3	6.1	2.5
$100,000 to $149,999	1,040	740	300	3.4	4.8	2.0
$150,000 and over	275	210	70	0.9	1.3	0.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	30,920	15,790	15,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	455	215	240	1.5	1.4	1.6
With after-tax income	30,470	15,575	14,895	98.5	98.6	98.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,080	820	1,265	6.8	5.3	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	4,575	1,800	2,775	15.0	11.6	18.6
$20,000 to $29,999	7,130	3,390	3,735	23.4	21.8	25.1
$30,000 to $39,999	5,625	2,975	2,655	18.5	19.1	17.8
$40,000 to $49,999	4,565	2,570	2,000	15.0	16.5	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	2,755	1,655	1,105	9.0	10.6	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	1,630	1,000	635	5.3	6.4	4.3
$70,000 to $79,999	900	535	360	3.0	3.4	2.4
$80,000 to $89,999	525	355	165	1.7	2.3	1.1
$90,000 to $99,999	285	185	100	0.9	1.2	0.7
$100,000 and over	395	300	95	1.3	1.9	0.6
$100,000 to $124,999	225	170	55	0.7	1.1	0.4
$125,000 and over	170	135	40	0.6	0.9	0.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	30,920	15,790	15,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	11,175	5,075	6,100	36.1	32.1	40.3
With employment income	19,745	10,715	9,030	63.9	67.9	59.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,810	1,535	1,280	14.2	14.3	14.2
$5,000 to $9,999	1,570	705	870	8.0	6.6	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	2,575	1,160	1,415	13.0	10.8	15.7
$20,000 to $29,999	2,585	1,225	1,360	13.1	11.4	15.1
$30,000 to $39,999	2,465	1,325	1,135	12.5	12.4	12.6
$40,000 to $49,999	2,085	1,130	950	10.6	10.5	10.5
$50,000 to $59,999	1,620	960	660	8.2	9.0	7.3
$60,000 to $69,999	1,210	785	425	6.1	7.3	4.7
$70,000 to $79,999	870	585	285	4.4	5.5	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	630	370	260	3.2	3.5	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	410	275	135	2.1	2.6	1.5
$100,000 and over	915	665	250	4.6	6.2	2.8
$100,000 to $124,999	575	415	165	2.9	3.9	1.8
$125,000 and over	340	255	90	1.7	2.4	1.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	30,920	15,795	15,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,160	15,410	14,750	97.5	97.6	97.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	39,200	28,400	33,600	39,200	28,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,180	15,415	14,760	97.6	97.6	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	34,400	26,400	30,400	34,400	26,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,080	13,735	12,335	84.3	87.0	81.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,800	35,200	24,600	29,800	35,200	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	20,035	10,840	9,195	64.8	68.6	60.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	36,800	28,000	32,400	36,800	28,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	24,645	12,170	12,470	79.7	77.0	82.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,200	9,400	10,900	10,200	9,400	10,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,485	2,570	1,920	14.5	16.3	12.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,760	5,200	4,320	4,760	5,200	4,320
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	30,920	15,805	15,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,130	15,450	14,675	97.4	97.8	97.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	45,880	34,680	40,400	45,880	34,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,145	15,450	14,690	97.5	97.8	97.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,440	38,360	30,360	34,440	38,360	30,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,035	13,730	12,305	84.2	86.9	81.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,240	29,840	36,400	42,240	29,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,985	10,870	9,110	64.6	68.8	60.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,120	42,600	32,720	38,120	42,600	32,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	24,720	12,300	12,425	79.9	77.8	82.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,950	10,460	11,420	10,950	10,460	11,420
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,680	2,675	2,005	15.1	16.9	13.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,350	6,145	6,630	6,350	6,145	6,630
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	30,920	15,805	15,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,715	4,885	3,825	28.2	30.9	25.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	46,000	50,000	42,800	46,000	50,000	42,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	52,800	57,350	47,080	52,800	57,350	47,080
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,345	4,330	4,015	27.0	27.4	26.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	28,800	21,600	24,400	28,800	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,720	35,920	25,120	30,720	35,920	25,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	77.8	81.8	72.2	77.8	81.8	72.2
Employment income (%)	62.5	65.4	58.6	62.5	65.4	58.6
Government transfers (%)	22.2	18.2	27.9	22.2	18.2	27.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.4	2.3	2.6	2.4	2.3	2.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	17,240	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...	55,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,880	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,800	...	...	31,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,200	...	...	29,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	11,360	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	17,240	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,950	...	...	63,950	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,890	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,920	...	...	38,920	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,400	...	...	33,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	11,355	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,800	...	...	93,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,800	...	...	79,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	17,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	115	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	270	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	425	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,440	...	...	8.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	775	...	...	4.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	830	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,045	...	...	6.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	975	...	...	5.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	875	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,565	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,350	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,185	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,085	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	900	...	...	5.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,325	...	...	25.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,775	...	...	10.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,080	...	...	6.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,025	...	...	5.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	445	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	17,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	140	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	85	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	285	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	445	...	...	2.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,525	...	...	8.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	930	...	...	5.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	975	...	...	5.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,250	...	...	7.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,090	...	...	6.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	950	...	...	5.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,780	...	...	10.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,500	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,395	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,125	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	875	...	...	5.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,895	...	...	16.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,545	...	...	9.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	755	...	...	4.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	600	...	...	3.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	11,010	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,745	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,495	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,495	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,780	3,725	3,055	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,600	34,800	28,200	31,600	34,800	28,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,000	31,200	26,800	29,000	31,200	26,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	11,030	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,900	...	...	93,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,800	...	...	79,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,740	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,600	...	...	80,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,600	...	...	68,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,560	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,200	...	...	126,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	105,800	...	...	105,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,440	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,200	...	...	69,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,350	...	...	61,350	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	6,735	3,680	3,050	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,280	42,560	33,120	38,280	42,560	33,120
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,960	35,600	29,800	32,960	35,600	29,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	36,525	18,675	17,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	6,540	3,390	3,155	17.9	18.2	17.7
0 to 5 years	1,990	1,025	960	5.4	5.5	5.4
18 to 64 years	20,575	10,530	10,045	56.3	56.4	56.3
65 years and over	9,405	4,760	4,650	25.7	25.5	26.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,595	2,720	2,875	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	725	370	350	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	230	120	110	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,290	1,160	1,130	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,585	1,190	1,395	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.3	14.6	16.1	15.3	14.6	16.1
0 to 17 years (%)	11.0	10.9	11.2	11.0	10.9	11.2
0 to 5 years (%)	11.4	11.4	11.4	11.4	11.4	11.4
18 to 64 years (%)	11.1	11.0	11.3	11.1	11.0	11.3
65 years and over (%)	27.4	25.0	29.9	27.4	25.0	29.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	36,525	18,675	17,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	6,545	3,385	3,155	17.9	18.1	17.7
0 to 5 years	1,985	1,030	960	5.4	5.5	5.4
18 to 64 years	20,575	10,525	10,045	56.3	56.4	56.3
65 years and over	9,410	4,755	4,650	25.8	25.5	26.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	970	530	440	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	125	75	50	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	35	20	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	730	410	320	...	...	...
65 years and over	115	45	70	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.7	2.8	2.5	2.7	2.8	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	2.0	2.2	1.6	2.0	2.2	1.6
0 to 5 years (%)	1.7	2.0	1.4	1.7	2.0	1.4
18 to 64 years (%)	3.6	3.9	3.2	3.6	3.9	3.2
65 years and over (%)	1.2	0.9	1.5	1.2	0.9	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	36,525	18,670	17,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	24,050	12,140	11,910	65.8	65.0	66.7
In bottom decile	4,335	2,130	2,205	11.9	11.4	12.4
In second decile	5,440	2,675	2,770	14.9	14.3	15.5
In third decile	5,080	2,580	2,500	13.9	13.8	14.0
In fourth decile	4,820	2,470	2,345	13.2	13.2	13.1
In fifth decile	4,375	2,280	2,095	12.0	12.2	11.7
In top half of the distribution	12,475	6,540	5,940	34.2	35.0	33.3
In sixth decile	3,700	1,920	1,780	10.1	10.3	10.0
In seventh decile	3,525	1,855	1,675	9.7	9.9	9.4
In eighth decile	2,570	1,320	1,250	7.0	7.1	7.0
In ninth decile	1,780	950	825	4.9	5.1	4.6
In top decile	910	490	415	2.5	2.6	2.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	36,525	...	...	36,525	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.286	...	...	0.286	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.452	...	...	0.452	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.247	...	...	0.247	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	36,845	18,785	18,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	55	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
French only	28,450	14,115	14,340	77.2	75.1	79.4
English and French	8,285	4,610	3,680	22.5	24.5	20.4
Neither English nor French	55	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	36,845	18,785	18,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	340	170	170	0.9	0.9	0.9
French	36,350	18,525	17,825	98.7	98.6	98.7
English and French	105	55	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	50	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	36,845	18,785	18,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	36,610	18,660	17,950	99.4	99.3	99.4
Official languages	36,245	18,450	17,790	98.4	98.2	98.5
English	300	145	155	0.8	0.8	0.9
French	35,945	18,305	17,640	97.6	97.4	97.6
Non-official languages	365	205	160	1.0	1.1	0.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	365	205	160	1.0	1.1	0.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	25	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	30	20	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	20	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	235	135	95	0.6	0.7	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	175	110	70	0.5	0.6	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	20	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	120	75	50	0.3	0.4	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	235	125	110	0.6	0.7	0.6
English and French	175	90	80	0.5	0.5	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	36,845	18,785	18,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	105	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
French	35,660	18,140	17,525	96.8	96.6	97.0
Non-official language	100	65	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	100	65	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and French	685	365	320	1.9	1.9	1.8
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	170	90	80	0.5	0.5	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	105	60	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	36,845	18,785	18,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	36,655	18,675	17,980	99.5	99.4	99.5
Official languages	36,505	18,585	17,920	99.1	98.9	99.2
English	190	100	90	0.5	0.5	0.5
French	36,315	18,490	17,825	98.6	98.4	98.7
Non-official languages	150	85	60	0.4	0.5	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	150	85	60	0.4	0.5	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	95	55	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	80	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	70	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	195	110	85	0.5	0.6	0.5
English and French	140	80	55	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	36,850	18,785	18,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	36,050	18,355	17,695	97.8	97.7	98.0
English	495	260	235	1.3	1.4	1.3
French	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	110	65	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	110	60	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	65	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	36,520	18,675	17,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	36,440	18,620	17,820	99.8	99.7	99.8
English	8,210	4,530	3,680	22.5	24.3	20.6
French	36,395	18,585	17,810	99.7	99.5	99.8
Non-official languages	1,090	495	595	3.0	2.7	3.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,090	495	595	3.0	2.7	3.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	15	10	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	890	430	460	2.4	2.3	2.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	770	360	410	2.1	1.9	2.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	685	320	365	1.9	1.7	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lingala	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	45	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	36,525	18,675	17,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	760	360	400	2.1	1.9	2.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	700	335	365	1.9	1.8	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	410	200	210	1.1	1.1	1.2
Métis	285	130	150	0.8	0.7	0.8
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	35,765	18,315	17,450	97.9	98.1	97.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	36,525	18,675	17,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	155	75	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	36,375	18,600	17,775	99.6	99.6	99.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	17,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	12,755	...	...	74.0	...	...
Renter	4,485	...	...	26.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	17,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	480	...	...	2.8	...	...
Not condominium	16,765	...	...	97.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	17,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	1,905	...	...	11.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,785	...	...	33.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	6,090	...	...	35.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,435	...	...	19.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	17,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,600	...	...	26.7	...	...
5 rooms	3,475	...	...	20.2	...	...
6 rooms	2,795	...	...	16.2	...	...
7 rooms	2,020	...	...	11.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,350	...	...	25.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	17,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	17,190	...	...	99.7	...	...
More than one person per room	50	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	17,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	16,945	...	...	98.3	...	...
Not suitable	295	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	17,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,140	...	...	29.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,045	...	...	29.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,340	...	...	13.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,485	...	...	8.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	650	...	...	3.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,020	...	...	5.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	830	...	...	4.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	735	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	17,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	16,225	...	...	94.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,015	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	17,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	10,060	...	...	58.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	6,960	...	...	40.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	225	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	17,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	315	...	...	1.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,660	...	...	9.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,535	...	...	14.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,345	...	...	13.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,090	...	...	23.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,760	...	...	21.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,940	...	...	11.3	...	...
85 years and over	590	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	16,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	15,305	...	...	90.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,610	...	...	9.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,450	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	17,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,730	...	...	15.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,470	...	...	8.5	...	...
Not suitable only	225	...	...	1.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	845	...	...	4.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	125	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	14,510	...	...	84.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	16,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	290	...	...	1.7	...	...
Not in core need	16,470	...	...	98.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,510	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.4	...	...	53.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.8	...	...	0.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	655	...	...	655	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	788	...	...	788	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	180,000	...	...	180,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	201,800	...	...	201,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,460	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.0	...	...	9.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.0	...	...	17.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	580	...	...	580	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	626	...	...	626	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	36,525	18,675	17,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	890	440	450	2.4	2.4	2.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	885	435	450	2.4	2.3	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	775	390	385	2.1	2.1	2.2
Métis single ancestry	95	40	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	900	475	420	2.5	2.5	2.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	900	475	420	2.5	2.5	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	825	440	380	2.3	2.4	2.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	34,735	17,755	16,980	95.1	95.1	95.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	36,525	18,670	17,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	36,195	18,500	17,700	99.1	99.1	99.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,520	3,350	3,170	17.9	17.9	17.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	29,675	15,145	14,530	81.2	81.1	81.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	325	175	150	0.9	0.9	0.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	36,525	18,670	17,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	35,835	18,305	17,535	98.1	98.0	98.2
Immigrants⁸¹	500	270	230	1.4	1.4	1.3
Before 1980	130	80	55	0.4	0.4	0.3
1980 to 1990	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
1991 to 2000	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
2001 to 2010	145	85	60	0.4	0.5	0.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	115	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
2011 to 2015	60	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
2016 to 2021	55	25	25	0.2	0.1	0.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	185	100	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	500	270	230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	70	45	25	14.0	16.7	10.9
5 to 14 years	70	25	45	14.0	9.3	19.6
15 to 24 years	105	55	55	21.0	20.4	23.9
25 to 44 years	205	120	80	41.0	44.4	34.8
45 years and over	50	20	30	10.0	7.4	13.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	500	270	230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	75	35	40	15.0	13.0	17.4
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	25	10	15	5.0	3.7	6.5
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	10	10	0	2.0	3.7	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	0	20	4.0	0.0	8.7
Europe	305	185	115	61.0	68.5	50.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	215	140	80	43.0	51.9	34.8
Germany	15	0	15	3.0	0.0	6.5
Greece	10	10	0	2.0	3.7	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	10	2.0	3.7	4.3
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	10	2.0	0.0	4.3
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	25	20	0	5.0	7.4	0.0
Africa	95	45	50	19.0	16.7	21.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	30	10	20	6.0	3.7	8.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	60	30	30	12.0	11.1	13.0
Asia	30	0	30	6.0	0.0	13.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10	2.0	0.0	4.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	20	4.0	0.0	8.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	55	25	30	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	25	10	20	45.5	40.0	66.7
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	10	18.2	0.0	33.3
Europe	15	15	0	27.3	60.0	0.0
France	15	15	0	27.3	60.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	15	0	10	27.3	0.0	33.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0	18.2	0.0	0.0
Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	36,520	18,675	17,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	745	400	345	2.0	2.1	1.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	580	285	295	1.6	1.5	1.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	35,195	17,990	17,210	96.4	96.3	96.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	370	190	180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	150	110	40	40.5	57.9	22.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	100	75	30	27.0	39.5	16.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	50	35	15	13.5	18.4	8.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	150	55	95	40.5	28.9	52.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	65	30	40	17.6	15.8	22.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	370	190	180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	10	10	5.4	5.3	5.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	50	25	20	13.5	13.2	11.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	0	0	2.7	0.0	0.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	40	15	25	10.8	7.9	13.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	250	130	120	67.6	68.4	66.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	36,520	18,675	17,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	530	250	280	1.5	1.3	1.6
South Asian	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Black	190	65	125	0.5	0.3	0.7
Filipino	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin American	145	85	55	0.4	0.5	0.3
Southeast Asian	55	10	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	15	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	35,990	18,425	17,570	98.5	98.7	98.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	36,525	18,670	17,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	16,270	8,145	8,125	44.5	43.6	45.5
English	345	185	155	0.9	1.0	0.9
Irish	765	410	350	2.1	2.2	2.0
Scottish	500	260	240	1.4	1.4	1.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,125	4,285	3,845	22.2	23.0	21.5
German	260	125	130	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chinese	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italian	285	170	110	0.8	0.9	0.6
Indian (India)	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	80	50	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Polish	95	50	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Québécois	5,870	2,935	2,940	16.1	15.7	16.5
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Filipino	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French Canadian	3,215	1,625	1,585	8.8	8.7	8.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	645	340	305	1.8	1.8	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	730	415	320	2.0	2.2	1.8
Métis	175	75	95	0.5	0.4	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	360	190	170	1.0	1.0	1.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Welsh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
American	145	75	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Acadian	335	150	180	0.9	0.8	1.0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	105	65	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	35	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lebanese	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	605	355	245	1.7	1.9	1.4
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	220	95	125	0.6	0.5	0.7
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Belgian	120	60	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	85	65	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	55	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	45	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Moroccan	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	125	85	40	0.3	0.5	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	150	70	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	50	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	85	50	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Norman	65	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	120	70	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	60	50	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	36,525	18,675	17,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Christian	28,365	14,320	14,050	77.7	76.7	78.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,585	815	775	4.3	4.4	4.3
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baptist	70	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	26,325	13,280	13,045	72.1	71.1	73.1
Christian Orthodox	35	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Jehovah's Witness	160	65	95	0.4	0.3	0.5
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	115	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jewish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	70	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	8,000	4,275	3,730	21.9	22.9	20.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	36,185	18,515	17,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	32,825	16,835	15,990	90.7	90.9	90.5
Movers	3,365	1,680	1,680	9.3	9.1	9.5
Non-migrants	1,230	605	620	3.4	3.3	3.5
Migrants	2,135	1,075	1,065	5.9	5.8	6.0
Internal migrants	2,085	1,045	1,040	5.8	5.6	5.9
Intraprovincial migrants	2,060	1,030	1,025	5.7	5.6	5.8
Interprovincial migrants	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	50	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	34,945	17,870	17,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	24,150	12,440	11,715	69.1	69.6	68.6
Movers	10,790	5,430	5,360	30.9	30.4	31.4
Non-migrants	2,565	1,225	1,340	7.3	6.9	7.9
Migrants	8,225	4,205	4,020	23.5	23.5	23.6
Internal migrants	8,005	4,095	3,910	22.9	22.9	22.9
Intraprovincial migrants	7,935	4,065	3,875	22.7	22.7	22.7
Interprovincial migrants	70	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	220	110	110	0.6	0.6	0.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	30,920	15,805	15,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,975	5,080	3,895	29.0	32.1	25.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	21,945	10,725	11,220	71.0	67.9	74.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	18,840	9,630	9,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,315	2,690	1,625	22.9	27.9	17.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	14,525	6,935	7,580	77.1	72.0	82.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	30,920	15,805	15,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,955	4,305	3,650	25.7	27.2	24.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,200	3,420	3,780	23.3	21.6	25.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,765	8,075	7,690	51.0	51.1	50.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,340	6,725	5,620	39.9	42.5	37.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,815	4,470	2,340	22.0	28.3	15.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,695	2,670	2,020	15.2	16.9	13.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,120	1,800	320	6.9	11.4	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,635	1,915	2,725	15.0	12.1	18.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	890	335	555	2.9	2.1	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,425	1,350	2,070	11.1	8.5	13.7
Bachelor's degree	2,495	915	1,580	8.1	5.8	10.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	180	90	95	0.6	0.6	0.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	80	40	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Master's degree	595	275	320	1.9	1.7	2.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	75	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	18,835	9,630	9,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,600	2,160	1,440	19.1	22.4	15.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,655	1,775	1,885	19.4	18.4	20.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,580	5,695	5,890	61.5	59.1	64.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,015	4,815	4,200	47.9	50.0	45.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,075	3,240	1,835	26.9	33.6	19.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,490	1,905	1,585	18.5	19.8	17.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,590	1,340	250	8.4	13.9	2.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,395	1,355	2,045	18.0	14.1	22.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	545	220	325	2.9	2.3	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,570	880	1,690	13.6	9.1	18.3
Bachelor's degree	1,880	600	1,280	10.0	6.2	13.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	135	65	75	0.7	0.7	0.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Master's degree	450	175	275	2.4	1.8	3.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	50	10	35	0.3	0.1	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	30,920	15,800	15,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,155	7,725	7,425	49.0	48.9	49.1
Education	1,285	230	1,050	4.2	1.5	6.9
13. Education	1,285	230	1,050	4.2	1.5	6.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	505	240	270	1.6	1.5	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	60	45	0.3	0.4	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	405	180	220	1.3	1.1	1.5
Humanities	520	255	265	1.7	1.6	1.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	10	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	235	115	125	0.8	0.7	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	50	35	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,020	245	775	3.3	1.6	5.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	115	25	90	0.4	0.2	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	300	0	295	1.0	0.0	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	110	40	75	0.4	0.3	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	10	60	0.2	0.1	0.4
42. Psychology	265	70	195	0.9	0.4	1.3
45. Social sciences	160	95	65	0.5	0.6	0.4
Business, management and public administration	2,945	710	2,230	9.5	4.5	14.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	175	15	165	0.6	0.1	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,760	695	2,065	8.9	4.4	13.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	420	255	170	1.4	1.6	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	180	85	95	0.6	0.5	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60	20	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
40. Physical sciences	120	95	25	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	310	180	130	1.0	1.1	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	255	165	90	0.8	1.0	0.6
25. Library science	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,535	4,295	245	14.7	27.2	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	65	25	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
14. Engineering	325	270	55	1.1	1.7	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	705	650	60	2.3	4.1	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,195	1,185	15	3.9	7.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,275	1,240	30	4.1	7.8	0.2
48. Precision production	965	920	45	3.1	5.8	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	810	520	290	2.6	3.3	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	595	360	235	1.9	2.3	1.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	215	160	60	0.7	1.0	0.4
Health and related fields	1,990	300	1,690	6.4	1.9	11.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	145	60	90	0.5	0.4	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,825	225	1,600	5.9	1.4	10.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,420	840	580	4.6	5.3	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	770	255	515	2.5	1.6	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	155	120	35	0.5	0.8	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	495	460	30	1.6	2.9	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	18,835	9,630	9,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,255	3,935	3,320	38.5	40.9	36.0
Education	740	125	615	3.9	1.3	6.7
13. Education	740	125	615	3.9	1.3	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	385	165	215	2.0	1.7	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	90	50	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
50. Visual and performing arts	290	115	175	1.5	1.2	1.9
Humanities	305	140	165	1.6	1.5	1.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	10	35	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	140	75	65	0.7	0.8	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
54. History	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	805	180	625	4.3	1.9	6.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	100	20	75	0.5	0.2	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	225	0	225	1.2	0.0	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	95	35	60	0.5	0.4	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	0	40	0.2	0.0	0.4
42. Psychology	215	40	175	1.1	0.4	1.9
45. Social sciences	120	80	40	0.6	0.8	0.4
Business, management and public administration	2,215	505	1,710	11.8	5.2	18.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	150	15	135	0.8	0.2	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,070	490	1,575	11.0	5.1	17.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	260	160	100	1.4	1.7	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	130	60	70	0.7	0.6	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	80	60	20	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	260	150	110	1.4	1.6	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	245	150	90	1.3	1.6	1.0
25. Library science	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,235	3,005	225	17.2	31.2	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	65	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
14. Engineering	220	170	50	1.2	1.8	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	480	425	55	2.5	4.4	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	925	910	15	4.9	9.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	895	865	30	4.8	9.0	0.3
48. Precision production	650	615	35	3.5	6.4	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	645	375	270	3.4	3.9	2.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	480	270	205	2.5	2.8	2.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	165	105	60	0.9	1.1	0.7
Health and related fields	1,600	230	1,365	8.5	2.4	14.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	100	35	70	0.5	0.4	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,485	185	1,305	7.9	1.9	14.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,135	655	480	6.0	6.8	5.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	620	190	425	3.3	2.0	4.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	125	95	30	0.7	1.0	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	395	365	30	2.1	3.8	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	18,835	9,630	9,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,255	3,935	3,320	38.5	40.9	36.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	11,580	5,695	5,885	61.5	59.1	63.9
Location of study inside Canada	11,400	5,595	5,805	60.5	58.1	63.0
Same as province or territory of residence	11,310	5,530	5,785	60.0	57.4	62.8
Different than province or territory of residence	90	65	25	0.5	0.7	0.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	180	100	75	1.0	1.0	0.8
Americas	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
United States of America	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mexico	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	75	50	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	55	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	30,920	15,805	15,115	...	...	...
In the labour force	17,685	9,475	8,210	...	...	...
Employed	16,520	8,820	7,695	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,165	655	515	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	13,235	6,330	6,905	...	...	...
Participation rate	57.2	59.9	54.3	57.2	59.9	54.3
Employment rate	53.4	55.8	50.9	53.4	55.8	50.9
Unemployment rate	6.6	6.9	6.3	6.6	6.9	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	30,920	15,800	15,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	12,875	6,095	6,775	41.6	38.6	44.8
Worked	18,045	9,705	8,340	58.4	61.4	55.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	8,980	5,060	3,925	29.0	32.0	26.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	9,065	4,645	4,420	29.3	29.4	29.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	41.4	41.1	41.2	41.4	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	17,685	9,475	8,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	310	110	200	1.8	1.2	2.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	17,375	9,365	8,015	98.2	98.8	97.6
Employee	15,060	7,945	7,115	85.2	83.9	86.7
Permanent position	12,650	6,575	6,080	71.5	69.4	74.1
Temporary position	2,410	1,370	1,040	13.6	14.5	12.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	555	270	290	3.1	2.8	3.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,850	1,100	750	10.5	11.6	9.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,320	1,420	895	13.1	15.0	10.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	17,685	9,475	8,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	310	110	200	1.8	1.2	2.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	17,375	9,365	8,015	98.2	98.8	97.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	300	200	100	1.7	2.1	1.2
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,295	645	1,650	13.0	6.8	20.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	790	555	235	4.5	5.9	2.9
3 Health occupations	1,385	235	1,150	7.8	2.5	14.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,570	345	1,225	8.9	3.6	14.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	435	205	225	2.5	2.2	2.7
6 Sales and service occupations	3,935	1,505	2,425	22.3	15.9	29.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,930	3,650	285	22.2	38.5	3.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	840	670	165	4.7	7.1	2.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,900	1,355	540	10.7	14.3	6.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	17,685	9,475	8,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	310	110	200	1.8	1.2	2.4
All industries¹⁹¹	17,375	9,365	8,015	98.2	98.8	97.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	920	675	250	5.2	7.1	3.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	80	80	0	0.5	0.8	0.0
22 Utilities	130	105	25	0.7	1.1	0.3
23 Construction	1,710	1,500	210	9.7	15.8	2.6
31-33 Manufacturing	3,200	2,230	975	18.1	23.5	11.9
41 Wholesale trade	450	335	120	2.5	3.5	1.5
44-45 Retail trade	1,870	805	1,070	10.6	8.5	13.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	845	660	180	4.8	7.0	2.2
51 Information and cultural industries	165	110	55	0.9	1.2	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	380	125	260	2.1	1.3	3.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	165	85	80	0.9	0.9	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	645	325	330	3.6	3.4	4.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	620	380	235	3.5	4.0	2.9
61 Educational services	995	210	790	5.6	2.2	9.6
62 Health care and social assistance	2,165	350	1,820	12.2	3.7	22.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	250	160	90	1.4	1.7	1.1
72 Accommodation and food services	1,095	445	650	6.2	4.7	7.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	855	390	470	4.8	4.1	5.7
91 Public administration	805	390	415	4.6	4.1	5.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	18,990	10,235	8,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	95	60	40	0.5	0.6	0.5
French	17,265	9,215	8,045	90.9	90.0	91.8
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	1,495	890	610	7.9	8.7	7.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	18,990	10,235	8,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	18,770	10,110	8,655	98.8	98.8	98.8
Official languages	18,725	10,070	8,650	98.6	98.4	98.7
English	290	175	120	1.5	1.7	1.4
French	18,435	9,900	8,530	97.1	96.7	97.4
Non-official languages	45	45	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	45	45	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	45	45	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	45	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	45	45	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	225	125	105	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and French	195	110	80	1.0	1.1	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	18,990	10,235	8,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	17,620	9,435	8,185	92.8	92.2	93.4
English	1,125	670	455	5.9	6.5	5.2
French	190	110	75	1.0	1.1	0.9
Non-official language	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	16,520	8,820	7,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,440	1,180	1,260	14.8	13.4	16.4
Worked outside Canada	50	40	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
No fixed workplace address	1,980	1,510	470	12.0	17.1	6.1
Usual place of work	12,050	6,095	5,960	72.9	69.1	77.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	12,050	6,095	5,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,305	1,635	1,670	27.4	26.8	28.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,150	1,545	1,600	26.1	25.3	26.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,580	2,905	2,675	46.3	47.7	44.9
Commute to a different province or territory	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	14,030	7,605	6,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	13,080	7,125	5,950	93.2	93.7	92.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	12,450	6,850	5,600	88.7	90.1	87.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	630	275	350	4.5	3.6	5.4
Public transit	70	25	45	0.5	0.3	0.7
Walked	585	260	320	4.2	3.4	5.0
Bicycle	65	50	15	0.5	0.7	0.2
Other method	245	140	100	1.7	1.8	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	14,030	7,605	6,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	4,705	2,320	2,380	33.5	30.5	37.0
15 to 29 minutes	4,950	2,595	2,350	35.3	34.1	36.5
30 to 44 minutes	2,840	1,635	1,205	20.2	21.5	18.7
45 to 59 minutes	745	440	305	5.3	5.8	4.7
60 minutes and over	795	615	185	5.7	8.1	2.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	14,030	7,605	6,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	985	715	265	7.0	9.4	4.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,140	2,200	945	22.4	28.9	14.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,690	2,320	2,365	33.4	30.5	36.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,310	845	1,455	16.5	11.1	22.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	935	355	585	6.7	4.7	9.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,980	1,165	815	14.1	15.3	12.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	6,635	3,430	3,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	360	195	170	5.4	5.7	5.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,275	3,235	3,040	94.6	94.3	94.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,885	2,520	2,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	285	150	140	5.8	6.0	5.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	190	90	95	3.9	3.6	4.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	95	55	45	1.9	2.2	1.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,605	2,375	2,225	94.3	94.2	94.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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