Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Marguerite-D'Youville, Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	80,313	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	77,550	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	32,414	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	31,848	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	231.4	...	...	231.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	347.10	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	80,310	39,785	40,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,225	7,830	7,395	19.0	19.7	18.2
0 to 4 years	4,450	2,295	2,155	5.5	5.8	5.3
5 to 9 years	5,215	2,655	2,565	6.5	6.7	6.3
10 to 14 years	5,565	2,885	2,680	6.9	7.3	6.6
15 to 64 years	51,875	25,725	26,155	64.6	64.7	64.5
15 to 19 years	4,780	2,445	2,340	6.0	6.1	5.8
20 to 24 years	3,955	2,040	1,915	4.9	5.1	4.7
25 to 29 years	4,220	2,105	2,115	5.3	5.3	5.2
30 to 34 years	4,825	2,330	2,495	6.0	5.9	6.2
35 to 39 years	5,400	2,620	2,785	6.7	6.6	6.9
40 to 44 years	5,930	2,890	3,035	7.4	7.3	7.5
45 to 49 years	5,510	2,730	2,780	6.9	6.9	6.9
50 to 54 years	5,640	2,895	2,745	7.0	7.3	6.8
55 to 59 years	6,055	2,950	3,105	7.5	7.4	7.7
60 to 64 years	5,565	2,725	2,840	6.9	6.8	7.0
65 years and over	13,210	6,235	6,975	16.4	15.7	17.2
65 to 69 years	4,405	2,155	2,245	5.5	5.4	5.5
70 to 74 years	3,745	1,775	1,970	4.7	4.5	4.9
75 to 79 years	2,560	1,295	1,260	3.2	3.3	3.1
80 to 84 years	1,425	630	800	1.8	1.6	2.0
85 years and over	1,075	380	700	1.3	1.0	1.7
85 to 89 years	720	295	430	0.9	0.7	1.1
90 to 94 years	305	75	230	0.4	0.2	0.6
95 to 99 years	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.0	19.7	18.2	19.0	19.7	18.2
15 to 64 years	64.6	64.7	64.5	64.6	64.7	64.5
65 years and over	16.4	15.7	17.2	16.4	15.7	17.2
85 years and over	1.3	1.0	1.7	1.3	1.0	1.7
Average age of the population	40.5	39.9	41.1	40.5	39.9	41.1
Median age of the population	41.6	40.8	42.0	41.6	40.8	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	31,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	19,805	...	...	62.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,800	...	...	8.8	...	...
Row house	535	...	...	1.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,160	...	...	3.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,050	...	...	22.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	120	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	370	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	31,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	7,760	...	...	24.4	...	...
2 persons	11,515	...	...	36.2	...	...
3 persons	5,085	...	...	16.0	...	...
4 persons	5,220	...	...	16.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,280	...	...	7.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	79,065	39,360	39,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	65,090	31,960	33,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	41,230	20,550	20,680	63.3	64.3	62.4
Married	20,660	10,290	10,365	31.7	32.2	31.3
Living common-law	20,570	10,255	10,315	31.6	32.1	31.1
Living common law - Never married	17,240	8,560	8,680	26.5	26.8	26.2
Living common law - Separated	185	85	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	2,845	1,475	1,370	4.4	4.6	4.1
Living common law - Widowed	300	135	170	0.5	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	23,855	11,415	12,445	36.6	35.7	37.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	17,095	9,085	8,010	26.3	28.4	24.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	690	320	365	1.1	1.0	1.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,455	1,340	2,115	5.3	4.2	6.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,615	665	1,950	4.0	2.1	5.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	23,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	11,705	...	...	49.3	...	...
3 persons	5,005	...	...	21.1	...	...
4 persons	5,125	...	...	21.6	...	...
5 or more persons	1,905	...	...	8.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	23,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	20,235	...	...	85.3	...	...
Married couples	9,975	...	...	42.0	...	...
With children⁶	4,470	...	...	18.8	...	...
Without children	5,510	...	...	23.2	...	...
Common-law couples	10,260	...	...	43.2	...	...
With children⁶	6,045	...	...	25.5	...	...
Without children	4,220	...	...	17.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,500	...	...	14.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,415	...	...	10.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,090	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	79,060	39,360	39,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	68,950	34,450	34,490	87.2	87.5	86.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	40,475	20,180	20,290	51.2	51.3	51.1
Parents in one-parent families	3,505	1,085	2,415	4.4	2.8	6.1
Children⁶	24,970	13,185	11,785	31.6	33.5	29.7
In a two-parent family	19,545	10,300	9,245	24.7	26.2	23.3
In a one-parent family	5,425	2,885	2,540	6.9	7.3	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	10,115	4,905	5,210	12.8	12.5	13.1
Living alone	7,760	3,725	4,035	9.8	9.5	10.2
Living with other relatives⁷	1,100	450	655	1.4	1.1	1.6
Living with non-relatives only	1,255	730	525	1.6	1.9	1.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	31,845	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	22,300	...	...	70.0	...	...
Couple-family households	19,215	...	...	60.3	...	...
With children⁶	10,015	...	...	31.4	...	...
Without children	9,200	...	...	28.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,085	...	...	9.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	485	...	...	1.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	95	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	585	...	...	1.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	625	...	...	2.0	...	...
One-person households	7,760	...	...	24.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	63,840	31,530	32,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,410	30,835	31,575	97.8	97.8	97.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200	56,800	43,200	49,200	56,800	43,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,450	30,855	31,595	97.8	97.9	97.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	47,600	38,000	42,400	47,600	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,875	29,580	29,300	92.2	93.8	90.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	51,600	34,000	42,400	51,600	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,505	25,390	24,115	77.5	80.5	74.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	54,000	38,000	45,200	54,000	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	48,000	21,645	26,360	75.2	68.6	81.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,800	8,800	10,600	9,800	8,800	10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,505	3,775	3,735	11.8	12.0	11.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,280	5,800	5,480	5,280	5,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,235	8,945	8,290	27.0	28.4	25.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,500	6,000	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	63,840	31,525	32,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,330	30,770	31,555	97.6	97.6	97.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,850	66,400	49,480	57,850	66,400	49,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,350	30,785	31,570	97.7	97.7	97.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,680	52,200	41,280	46,680	52,200	41,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,895	29,560	29,330	92.3	93.8	90.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,850	61,300	42,320	51,850	61,300	42,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,505	25,210	24,295	77.5	80.0	75.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,800	61,000	44,360	52,800	61,000	44,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	47,770	21,515	26,255	74.8	68.2	81.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,540	10,720	12,220	11,540	10,720	12,220
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,250	3,730	3,515	11.4	11.8	10.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,440	6,265	8,680	7,440	6,265	8,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,980	8,700	8,280	26.6	27.6	25.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,360	6,840	7,900	7,360	6,840	7,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	63,840	31,530	32,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,085	14,080	12,005	40.9	44.7	37.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,500	75,000	58,800	67,500	75,000	58,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,100	83,800	65,000	75,100	83,800	65,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,110	8,870	10,240	29.9	28.1	31.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,200	26,000	18,800	21,200	26,000	18,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,320	36,600	26,720	31,320	36,600	26,720
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.8	88.8	79.4	84.8	88.8	79.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	72.6	75.2	69.0	72.6	75.2	69.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.3	11.3	20.5	15.3	11.3	20.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.1	2.0	1.5	1.1	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.0	3.3	5.0	4.0	3.3	5.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.5	2.9	4.2	3.5	2.9	4.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	63,840	31,525	32,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,430	690	735	2.2	2.2	2.3
With total income	62,410	30,840	31,575	97.8	97.8	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,830	1,575	2,250	6.1	5.1	7.1
$10,000 to $19,999	5,910	2,190	3,720	9.5	7.1	11.8
$20,000 to $29,999	7,565	2,985	4,585	12.1	9.7	14.5
$30,000 to $39,999	6,810	2,915	3,895	10.9	9.5	12.3
$40,000 to $49,999	7,575	3,455	4,125	12.1	11.2	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	6,805	3,260	3,545	10.9	10.6	11.2
$60,000 to $69,999	5,555	3,010	2,545	8.9	9.8	8.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,475	2,605	1,870	7.2	8.4	5.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,770	2,210	1,555	6.0	7.2	4.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,630	1,560	1,070	4.2	5.1	3.4
$100,000 and over	7,475	5,070	2,410	12.0	16.4	7.6
$100,000 to $149,999	5,440	3,585	1,860	8.7	11.6	5.9
$150,000 and over	2,040	1,485	550	3.3	4.8	1.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	63,840	31,525	32,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,390	670	720	2.2	2.1	2.2
With after-tax income	62,450	30,860	31,590	97.8	97.9	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,220	1,675	2,545	6.8	5.4	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	6,255	2,345	3,905	10.0	7.6	12.4
$20,000 to $29,999	8,980	3,645	5,335	14.4	11.8	16.9
$30,000 to $39,999	9,175	4,115	5,065	14.7	13.3	16.0
$40,000 to $49,999	9,680	4,805	4,875	15.5	15.6	15.4
$50,000 to $59,999	7,625	4,120	3,505	12.2	13.4	11.1
$60,000 to $69,999	5,905	3,415	2,490	9.5	11.1	7.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,855	2,210	1,640	6.2	7.2	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,470	1,560	910	4.0	5.1	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,475	965	510	2.4	3.1	1.6
$100,000 and over	2,815	2,000	815	4.5	6.5	2.6
$100,000 to $124,999	1,590	1,105	485	2.5	3.6	1.5
$125,000 and over	1,230	895	330	2.0	2.9	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	63,840	31,525	32,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	14,330	6,140	8,195	22.4	19.5	25.4
With employment income	49,505	25,390	24,115	77.5	80.5	74.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,290	2,610	2,675	10.7	10.3	11.1
$5,000 to $9,999	3,315	1,435	1,875	6.7	5.7	7.8
$10,000 to $19,999	5,340	2,185	3,155	10.8	8.6	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	4,190	1,685	2,505	8.5	6.6	10.4
$30,000 to $39,999	4,150	1,790	2,365	8.4	7.1	9.8
$40,000 to $49,999	4,660	2,110	2,550	9.4	8.3	10.6
$50,000 to $59,999	4,365	2,240	2,125	8.8	8.8	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	3,855	2,220	1,635	7.8	8.7	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,270	1,950	1,320	6.6	7.7	5.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,080	1,735	1,340	6.2	6.8	5.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,905	1,210	700	3.8	4.8	2.9
$100,000 and over	6,085	4,220	1,870	12.3	16.6	7.8
$100,000 to $124,999	3,150	2,105	1,045	6.4	8.3	4.3
$125,000 and over	2,935	2,115	820	5.9	8.3	3.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	63,840	31,530	32,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,225	30,225	30,995	95.9	95.9	95.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,000	57,200	41,200	48,000	57,200	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,265	30,225	31,040	96.0	95.9	96.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	47,200	36,000	41,200	47,200	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,855	29,115	28,740	90.6	92.3	89.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	54,000	35,600	44,000	54,000	35,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	49,465	25,335	24,130	77.5	80.4	74.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	55,600	38,400	46,000	55,600	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	42,430	18,395	24,035	66.5	58.3	74.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,900	5,040	7,950	6,900	5,040	7,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,160	3,665	3,495	11.2	11.6	10.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,600	4,080	5,560	4,600	4,080	5,560
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	63,840	31,525	32,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,225	30,230	30,995	95.9	95.9	95.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,350	66,400	46,520	56,350	66,400	46,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,260	30,235	31,025	96.0	95.9	96.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,200	51,800	38,800	45,200	51,800	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,840	29,055	28,775	90.6	92.2	89.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,100	63,950	42,120	53,100	63,950	42,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	49,555	25,305	24,255	77.6	80.3	75.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,300	62,400	43,800	53,300	62,400	43,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	42,290	18,290	24,005	66.2	58.0	74.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,250	9,580	9,000	8,250	9,580
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,825	3,600	3,225	10.7	11.4	10.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,060	5,108	9,240	7,060	5,108	9,240
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	63,840	31,530	32,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,030	14,070	11,960	40.8	44.6	37.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	73,500	54,000	64,500	73,500	54,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,900	81,600	60,500	71,900	81,600	60,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,190	8,480	9,715	28.5	26.9	30.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,000	35,200	23,200	27,000	35,200	23,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,680	43,800	30,480	36,680	43,800	30,480
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.0	92.4	84.0	89.0	92.4	84.0
Employment income (%)	76.6	78.6	73.6	76.6	78.6	73.6
Government transfers (%)	11.0	7.5	15.9	11.0	7.5	15.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	0.9	2.1	1.4	0.9	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	31,850	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,760	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,400	...	...	48,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	24,090	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	31,845	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	113,200	...	...	113,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	91,400	...	...	91,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,760	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,050	...	...	54,050	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,400	...	...	44,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	24,090	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	132,200	...	...	132,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,500	...	...	106,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	31,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	95	...	...	0.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	160	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	275	...	...	0.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	885	...	...	2.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	660	...	...	2.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	675	...	...	2.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	905	...	...	2.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,025	...	...	3.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,075	...	...	3.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,150	...	...	6.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,130	...	...	6.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,150	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,040	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,980	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,560	...	...	48.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,590	...	...	14.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,435	...	...	10.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,115	...	...	12.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,415	...	...	10.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	31,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	135	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	165	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	305	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	945	...	...	3.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	850	...	...	2.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	910	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,235	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,345	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,320	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,700	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,790	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,550	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,540	...	...	8.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,375	...	...	7.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,590	...	...	36.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,695	...	...	14.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,910	...	...	9.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,985	...	...	12.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	23,650	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,285	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,565	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,000	...	...	150,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,385	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	9,015	4,455	4,560	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,800	52,400	42,400	46,800	52,400	42,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	44,000	37,200	40,400	44,000	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	23,665	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	132,400	...	...	132,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,500	...	...	106,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,315	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	108,700	...	...	108,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,400	...	...	88,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,575	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	168,000	...	...	168,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,200	...	...	133,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,395	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	87,400	...	...	87,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,400	...	...	73,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	8,995	4,505	4,490	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,550	58,300	46,800	52,550	58,300	46,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,360	46,920	39,760	43,360	46,920	39,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	79,065	39,360	39,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,185	9,355	8,825	23.0	23.8	22.2
0 to 5 years	5,420	2,785	2,630	6.9	7.1	6.6
18 to 64 years	48,890	24,180	24,705	61.8	61.4	62.2
65 years and over	11,995	5,820	6,170	15.2	14.8	15.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,020	1,765	2,255	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	790	400	385	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	205	100	105	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,835	865	970	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,390	495	895	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.1	4.5	5.7	5.1	4.5	5.7
0 to 17 years (%)	4.3	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.3	4.4
0 to 5 years (%)	3.8	3.6	4.0	3.8	3.6	4.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.8	3.6	3.9	3.8	3.6	3.9
65 years and over (%)	11.6	8.5	14.5	11.6	8.5	14.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	79,060	39,360	39,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,180	9,355	8,830	23.0	23.8	22.2
0 to 5 years	5,425	2,785	2,635	6.9	7.1	6.6
18 to 64 years	48,885	24,185	24,705	61.8	61.4	62.2
65 years and over	11,995	5,820	6,175	15.2	14.8	15.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,120	545	570	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	185	100	80	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	35	20	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	755	390	370	...	...	...
65 years and over	180	55	125	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4
0 to 17 years (%)	1.0	1.1	0.9	1.0	1.1	0.9
0 to 5 years (%)	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6
18 to 64 years (%)	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.5
65 years and over (%)	1.5	0.9	2.0	1.5	0.9	2.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	79,065	39,360	39,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	32,815	15,770	17,045	41.5	40.1	42.9
In bottom decile	3,255	1,445	1,810	4.1	3.7	4.6
In second decile	5,055	2,305	2,755	6.4	5.9	6.9
In third decile	6,785	3,285	3,495	8.6	8.3	8.8
In fourth decile	8,235	4,015	4,220	10.4	10.2	10.6
In fifth decile	9,490	4,720	4,770	12.0	12.0	12.0
In top half of the distribution	46,245	23,585	22,660	58.5	59.9	57.1
In sixth decile	9,735	4,880	4,850	12.3	12.4	12.2
In seventh decile	10,410	5,310	5,100	13.2	13.5	12.8
In eighth decile	9,850	5,050	4,800	12.5	12.8	12.1
In ninth decile	9,075	4,630	4,450	11.5	11.8	11.2
In top decile	7,170	3,715	3,455	9.1	9.4	8.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	79,060	...	...	79,060	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.279	...	...	0.279	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.368	...	...	0.368	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.240	...	...	0.240	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	79,570	39,510	40,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	270	150	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
French only	43,265	20,200	23,065	54.4	51.1	57.6
English and French	35,925	19,110	16,815	45.1	48.4	42.0
Neither English nor French	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	79,570	39,510	40,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,595	800	795	2.0	2.0	2.0
French	77,030	38,210	38,820	96.8	96.7	96.9
English and French	845	455	390	1.1	1.2	1.0
Neither English nor French	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	79,570	39,510	40,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	78,200	38,810	39,395	98.3	98.2	98.4
Official languages	75,470	37,460	38,015	94.8	94.8	94.9
English	1,225	615	615	1.5	1.6	1.5
French	74,245	36,840	37,405	93.3	93.2	93.4
Non-official languages	2,730	1,350	1,375	3.4	3.4	3.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,725	1,350	1,375	3.4	3.4	3.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	605	315	290	0.8	0.8	0.7
Berber languages	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	505	265	240	0.6	0.7	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	505	265	240	0.6	0.7	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,585	800	790	2.0	2.0	2.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	185	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	185	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	20	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,250	620	625	1.6	1.6	1.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	160	95	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	815	390	425	1.0	1.0	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	125	45	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	125	45	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,365	705	665	1.7	1.8	1.7
English and French	790	405	390	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	415	210	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	79,570	39,510	40,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	675	350	320	0.8	0.9	0.8
French	72,570	35,990	36,575	91.2	91.1	91.3
Non-official language	590	300	290	0.7	0.8	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	590	300	290	0.7	0.8	0.7
English and French	3,280	1,670	1,610	4.1	4.2	4.0
English and non-official language(s)	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,545	740	810	1.9	1.9	2.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	775	390	380	1.0	1.0	0.9
Multiple non-official languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	79,570	39,510	40,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	78,275	38,875	39,400	98.4	98.4	98.4
Official languages	77,110	38,285	38,825	96.9	96.9	96.9
English	1,170	600	570	1.5	1.5	1.4
French	75,940	37,685	38,255	95.4	95.4	95.5
Non-official languages	1,160	585	575	1.5	1.5	1.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,160	585	575	1.5	1.5	1.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	765	390	375	1.0	1.0	0.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	605	305	295	0.8	0.8	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	460	235	225	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,300	640	660	1.6	1.6	1.6
English and French	705	340	360	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	450	220	230	0.6	0.6	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	79,570	39,510	40,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	74,955	37,195	37,755	94.2	94.1	94.3
English	2,380	1,220	1,155	3.0	3.1	2.9
French	765	375	385	1.0	0.9	1.0
Non-official language	900	420	475	1.1	1.1	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	900	420	475	1.1	1.1	1.2
English and French	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	320	160	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	79,065	39,360	39,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	78,975	39,320	39,655	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	36,115	19,135	16,980	45.7	48.6	42.8
French	78,730	39,185	39,545	99.6	99.6	99.6
Non-official languages	5,975	2,855	3,115	7.6	7.3	7.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,975	2,855	3,115	7.6	7.3	7.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,130	525	600	1.4	1.3	1.5
Berber languages	225	100	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kabyle	200	80	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Tamazight	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	990	470	520	1.3	1.2	1.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	985	470	515	1.2	1.2	1.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	160	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,055	1,980	2,070	5.1	5.0	5.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	155	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	155	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	260	135	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	230	135	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
German	220	130	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,610	1,740	1,875	4.6	4.4	4.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	425	265	160	0.5	0.7	0.4
Portuguese	265	135	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	190	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	2,905	1,335	1,565	3.7	3.4	3.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	300	150	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	115	60	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	75	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	165	60	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	165	60	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	145	50	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	79,065	39,360	39,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	950	490	460	1.2	1.2	1.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	865	435	430	1.1	1.1	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	605	310	290	0.8	0.8	0.7
Métis	245	120	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	78,115	38,870	39,245	98.8	98.8	98.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	79,065	39,360	39,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	260	120	140	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	78,805	39,235	39,565	99.7	99.7	99.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	31,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	25,125	...	...	78.9	...	...
Renter	6,725	...	...	21.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	31,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,750	...	...	11.8	...	...
Not condominium	28,095	...	...	88.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	31,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	2,315	...	...	7.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,095	...	...	25.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,380	...	...	38.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,020	...	...	28.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	31,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,920	...	...	21.7	...	...
5 rooms	4,225	...	...	13.3	...	...
6 rooms	3,710	...	...	11.6	...	...
7 rooms	4,825	...	...	15.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,170	...	...	38.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	31,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	31,745	...	...	99.7	...	...
More than one person per room	105	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	31,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	31,295	...	...	98.3	...	...
Not suitable	550	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	31,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,470	...	...	7.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,445	...	...	26.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,835	...	...	18.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,050	...	...	19.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,530	...	...	7.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,145	...	...	6.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,295	...	...	7.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,075	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	31,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	30,615	...	...	96.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,235	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	31,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	14,975	...	...	47.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	16,335	...	...	51.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	535	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	31,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	500	...	...	1.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,265	...	...	13.4	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,370	...	...	20.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,550	...	...	20.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,760	...	...	21.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,770	...	...	15.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,305	...	...	7.2	...	...
85 years and over	325	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	31,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	28,395	...	...	89.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,315	...	...	10.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,120	...	...	9.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	31,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,880	...	...	15.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,120	...	...	9.8	...	...
Not suitable only	505	...	...	1.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,030	...	...	3.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	180	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	26,970	...	...	84.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	31,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	960	...	...	3.0	...	...
Not in core need	30,555	...	...	97.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,015	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	69.7	...	...	69.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.7	...	...	7.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.3	...	...	1.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,290	...	...	1,290	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,272	...	...	1,272	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	380,000	...	...	380,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	399,600	...	...	399,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,715	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.7	...	...	20.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.6	...	...	9.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860	...	...	860	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	917	...	...	917	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	79,065	39,355	39,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	885	405	475	1.1	1.0	1.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	865	395	475	1.1	1.0	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	785	345	440	1.0	0.9	1.1
Métis single ancestry	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,880	905	975	2.4	2.3	2.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,875	900	975	2.4	2.3	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,700	795	910	2.2	2.0	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	165	105	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	76,305	38,050	38,250	96.5	96.7	96.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	79,060	39,355	39,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	77,865	38,805	39,055	98.5	98.6	98.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,995	9,285	8,720	22.8	23.6	22.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	59,865	29,530	30,340	75.7	75.0	76.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,195	550	650	1.5	1.4	1.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	79,060	39,355	39,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	74,665	37,170	37,495	94.4	94.4	94.4
Immigrants⁸¹	4,130	2,040	2,095	5.2	5.2	5.3
Before 1980	600	320	275	0.8	0.8	0.7
1980 to 1990	335	230	105	0.4	0.6	0.3
1991 to 2000	555	295	260	0.7	0.7	0.7
2001 to 2010	1,255	570	685	1.6	1.4	1.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,385	615	770	1.8	1.6	1.9
2011 to 2015	850	380	470	1.1	1.0	1.2
2016 to 2021	535	235	300	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	265	145	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,130	2,040	2,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	545	245	300	13.2	12.0	14.4
5 to 14 years	685	310	380	16.6	15.2	18.2
15 to 24 years	595	285	315	14.4	14.0	15.1
25 to 44 years	2,100	1,095	1,010	50.8	53.7	48.3
45 years and over	200	110	90	4.8	5.4	4.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,130	2,040	2,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,035	490	545	25.1	24.0	26.1
Brazil	50	20	25	1.2	1.0	1.2
Colombia	205	95	110	5.0	4.7	5.3
El Salvador	20	15	10	0.5	0.7	0.5
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	105	60	50	2.5	2.9	2.4
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	95	35	65	2.3	1.7	3.1
Peru	115	60	55	2.8	2.9	2.6
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	105	45	55	2.5	2.2	2.6
Other places of birth in Americas	330	170	165	8.0	8.3	7.9
Europe	1,350	725	620	32.7	35.5	29.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	10	0.2	0.5	0.5
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	785	415	370	19.0	20.3	17.7
Germany	30	20	10	0.7	1.0	0.5
Greece	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	65	40	25	1.6	2.0	1.2
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Portugal	70	45	30	1.7	2.2	1.4
Romania	135	75	60	3.3	3.7	2.9
Russian Federation	15	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	10	0.2	0.5	0.5
Other places of birth in Europe	185	100	85	4.5	4.9	4.1
Africa	1,310	660	650	31.7	32.4	31.1
Algeria	220	95	130	5.3	4.7	6.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	60	35	30	1.5	1.7	1.4
Egypt	55	35	20	1.3	1.7	1.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	340	180	160	8.2	8.8	7.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	625	315	315	15.1	15.4	15.1
Asia	440	165	275	10.7	8.1	13.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	10	0.6	0.5	0.5
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	70	25	40	1.7	1.2	1.9
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	10	0.4	0.5	0.5
Turkey	30	10	15	0.7	0.5	0.7
China⁹⁰	125	30	95	3.0	1.5	4.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	15	10	0.5	0.7	0.5
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	35	15	20	0.8	0.7	1.0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	75	25	55	1.8	1.2	2.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	535	240	300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	95	50	50	17.8	20.8	16.7
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	25	10	10	4.7	4.2	3.3
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	15	0	10	2.8	0.0	3.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	20	4.7	4.2	6.7
Europe	200	100	95	37.4	41.7	31.7
France	130	65	60	24.3	27.1	20.0
Germany	15	10	0	2.8	4.2	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	0	10	2.8	0.0	3.3
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	20	15	6.5	8.3	5.0
Africa	200	75	125	37.4	31.3	41.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	85	45	40	15.9	18.8	13.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	70	20	50	13.1	8.3	16.7
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	20	0	15	3.7	0.0	5.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	10	10	2.8	4.2	3.3
Asia	40	10	30	7.5	4.2	10.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	15	2.8	0.0	5.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	79,065	39,360	39,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,780	2,355	2,425	6.0	6.0	6.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,650	2,375	2,280	5.9	6.0	5.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	69,635	34,630	35,000	88.1	88.0	88.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,530	1,720	1,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,125	1,130	995	60.2	65.7	54.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,040	670	370	29.5	39.0	20.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,085	460	620	30.7	26.7	34.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,045	410	635	29.6	23.8	34.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	345	165	175	9.8	9.6	9.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	10	10	0.6	0.6	0.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,530	1,720	1,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	240	135	105	6.8	7.8	5.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	370	225	150	10.5	13.1	8.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	120	75	40	3.4	4.4	2.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	165	105	60	4.7	6.1	3.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30	0	25	0.8	0.0	1.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,615	1,175	1,440	74.1	68.3	79.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	79,065	39,360	39,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,305	2,085	2,230	5.4	5.3	5.6
South Asian	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	280	80	210	0.4	0.2	0.5
Black	1,565	745	830	2.0	1.9	2.1
Filipino	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	905	505	395	1.1	1.3	1.0
Latin American	880	440	440	1.1	1.1	1.1
Southeast Asian	195	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
West Asian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	165	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	74,755	37,275	37,480	94.5	94.7	94.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	79,065	39,360	39,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	29,380	14,365	15,015	37.2	36.5	37.8
English	1,320	600	720	1.7	1.5	1.8
Irish	3,745	1,960	1,780	4.7	5.0	4.5
Scottish	1,385	700	685	1.8	1.8	1.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	20,760	10,430	10,330	26.3	26.5	26.0
German	985	485	500	1.2	1.2	1.3
Chinese	315	105	210	0.4	0.3	0.5
Italian	2,155	1,090	1,060	2.7	2.8	2.7
Indian (India)	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	115	60	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Polish	325	145	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Québécois	11,390	5,605	5,780	14.4	14.2	14.6
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	155	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Filipino	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	7,320	3,655	3,660	9.3	9.3	9.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,390	695	695	1.8	1.8	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,275	620	660	1.6	1.6	1.7
Métis	255	155	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	805	455	350	1.0	1.2	0.9
Russian	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	350	200	155	0.4	0.5	0.4
American	350	160	185	0.4	0.4	0.5
Spanish	460	255	210	0.6	0.6	0.5
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	115	75	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Acadian	875	430	445	1.1	1.1	1.1
Pakistani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	400	175	225	0.5	0.4	0.6
Jewish	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	420	210	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
Greek	225	115	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	125	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	315	170	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanese	210	100	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	610	295	315	0.8	0.7	0.8
Danish	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	210	110	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	660	290	365	0.8	0.7	0.9
Haitian	435	190	245	0.6	0.5	0.6
Hindu	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	170	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	175	110	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	135	45	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Muslim	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	150	100	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	295	150	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Moroccan	445	215	230	0.6	0.5	0.6
Czech	10	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	105	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Brazilian	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	125	55	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	40	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	140	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	195	120	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Yoruba	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber	165	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	80	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	115	65	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	140	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	250	110	140	0.3	0.3	0.4
Guatemalan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Laotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	120	50	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	135	35	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Moldovan	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	165	100	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	220	110	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Norman	90	60	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	120	45	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Honduran	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cherokee	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	79,065	39,360	39,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Christian	53,105	25,895	27,210	67.2	65.8	68.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,080	2,095	1,980	5.2	5.3	5.0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	125	75	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Catholic	47,565	23,030	24,535	60.2	58.5	61.8
Christian Orthodox	300	145	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	290	145	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	485	260	225	0.6	0.7	0.6
Hindu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	1,500	740	765	1.9	1.9	1.9
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
No religion and secular perspectives	24,265	12,640	11,625	30.7	32.1	29.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	78,275	38,920	39,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	71,095	35,405	35,695	90.8	91.0	90.7
Movers	7,180	3,515	3,665	9.2	9.0	9.3
Non-migrants	2,855	1,425	1,430	3.6	3.7	3.6
Migrants	4,325	2,090	2,235	5.5	5.4	5.7
Internal migrants	4,195	2,025	2,170	5.4	5.2	5.5
Intraprovincial migrants	4,140	2,000	2,140	5.3	5.1	5.4
Interprovincial migrants	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	74,615	37,090	37,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	49,090	24,495	24,600	65.8	66.0	65.6
Movers	25,525	12,600	12,930	34.2	34.0	34.5
Non-migrants	7,665	3,785	3,875	10.3	10.2	10.3
Migrants	17,860	8,810	9,055	23.9	23.8	24.1
Internal migrants	17,265	8,550	8,715	23.1	23.1	23.2
Intraprovincial migrants	17,020	8,405	8,615	22.8	22.7	23.0
Interprovincial migrants	245	140	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
External migrants	600	265	330	0.8	0.7	0.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	63,840	31,530	32,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,535	6,590	4,945	18.1	20.9	15.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	52,305	24,940	27,365	81.9	79.1	84.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	43,115	21,245	21,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,315	3,450	1,870	12.3	16.2	8.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	37,800	17,795	20,005	87.7	83.8	91.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	63,840	31,525	32,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,045	5,520	4,525	15.7	17.5	14.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,605	6,545	7,060	21.3	20.8	21.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,200	19,465	20,730	63.0	61.7	64.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,995	13,945	13,055	42.3	44.2	40.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,630	7,190	4,440	18.2	22.8	13.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,450	4,550	3,900	13.2	14.4	12.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,175	2,640	540	5.0	8.4	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,810	5,735	7,075	20.1	18.2	21.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,555	1,010	1,545	4.0	3.2	4.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,200	5,525	7,680	20.7	17.5	23.8
Bachelor's degree	9,185	3,710	5,480	14.4	11.8	17.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,200	450	745	1.9	1.4	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	180	80	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Master's degree	2,375	1,130	1,245	3.7	3.6	3.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	265	145	115	0.4	0.5	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	43,120	21,240	21,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,170	2,635	1,535	9.7	12.4	7.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,100	3,550	3,550	16.5	16.7	16.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,845	15,060	16,785	73.9	70.9	76.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,720	10,575	10,140	48.1	49.8	46.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,305	5,560	3,750	21.6	26.2	17.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,780	3,480	3,305	15.7	16.4	15.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,530	2,080	445	5.9	9.8	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,455	4,225	5,225	21.9	19.9	23.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,955	790	1,165	4.5	3.7	5.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,125	4,480	6,645	25.8	21.1	30.4
Bachelor's degree	7,755	3,060	4,695	18.0	14.4	21.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	980	330	655	2.3	1.6	3.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	155	60	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	2,030	935	1,095	4.7	4.4	5.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	205	95	110	0.5	0.4	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	63,840	31,530	32,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,645	12,065	11,580	37.0	38.3	35.8
Education	3,060	590	2,465	4.8	1.9	7.6
13. Education	3,060	590	2,465	4.8	1.9	7.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,375	615	760	2.2	2.0	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	290	185	105	0.5	0.6	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	1,085	430	655	1.7	1.4	2.0
Humanities	1,890	725	1,170	3.0	2.3	3.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	190	45	150	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,235	490	745	1.9	1.6	2.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	125	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	175	50	125	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,220	800	2,425	5.0	2.5	7.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	490	125	365	0.8	0.4	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	830	40	790	1.3	0.1	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	615	195	415	1.0	0.6	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	510	110	395	0.8	0.3	1.2
45. Social sciences	680	295	380	1.1	0.9	1.2
Business, management and public administration	9,560	3,470	6,095	15.0	11.0	18.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	475	95	380	0.7	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,080	3,375	5,710	14.2	10.7	17.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,255	660	595	2.0	2.1	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	425	185	240	0.7	0.6	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	150	90	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	205	65	140	0.3	0.2	0.4
40. Physical sciences	310	210	100	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	165	105	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,455	1,045	410	2.3	3.3	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,290	980	310	2.0	3.1	1.0
25. Library science	85	10	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,780	8,815	960	15.3	28.0	3.0
04. Architecture and related services	315	195	120	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	1,545	1,265	275	2.4	4.0	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,110	1,845	270	3.3	5.9	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,200	2,065	135	3.4	6.5	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,120	2,020	95	3.3	6.4	0.3
48. Precision production	1,490	1,420	65	2.3	4.5	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	695	340	355	1.1	1.1	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	565	240	320	0.9	0.8	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	130	95	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Health and related fields	4,730	705	4,025	7.4	2.2	12.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	350	185	165	0.5	0.6	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,340	510	3,830	6.8	1.6	11.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,165	1,705	1,460	5.0	5.4	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,530	335	1,190	2.4	1.1	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	885	680	205	1.4	2.2	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	725	665	65	1.1	2.1	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	43,115	21,245	21,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,270	6,185	5,085	26.1	29.1	23.3
Education	2,350	415	1,935	5.5	2.0	8.8
13. Education	2,350	415	1,935	5.5	2.0	8.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,070	470	600	2.5	2.2	2.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	210	135	85	0.5	0.6	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	855	340	515	2.0	1.6	2.4
Humanities	1,190	440	750	2.8	2.1	3.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	160	20	135	0.4	0.1	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	45	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	690	280	410	1.6	1.3	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	105	55	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	115	30	85	0.3	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,690	605	2,085	6.2	2.8	9.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	425	105	320	1.0	0.5	1.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	725	25	700	1.7	0.1	3.2
22. Legal professions and studies	500	145	355	1.2	0.7	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	370	50	320	0.9	0.2	1.5
45. Social sciences	590	265	330	1.4	1.2	1.5
Business, management and public administration	7,705	2,680	5,020	17.9	12.6	23.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	410	80	330	1.0	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,290	2,600	4,690	16.9	12.2	21.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	845	470	375	2.0	2.2	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	365	155	210	0.8	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	85	55	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	255	170	85	0.6	0.8	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	80	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,230	890	345	2.9	4.2	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,115	845	275	2.6	4.0	1.3
25. Library science	60	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,775	6,900	875	18.0	32.5	4.0
04. Architecture and related services	265	165	100	0.6	0.8	0.5
14. Engineering	1,380	1,110	260	3.2	5.2	1.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,605	1,370	235	3.7	6.4	1.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,765	1,640	115	4.1	7.7	0.5
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,615	1,530	90	3.7	7.2	0.4
48. Precision production	1,145	1,080	60	2.7	5.1	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	585	275	310	1.4	1.3	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	480	200	275	1.1	0.9	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	110	75	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	3,765	525	3,240	8.7	2.5	14.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	280	130	140	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,445	380	3,060	8.0	1.8	14.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,640	1,380	1,260	6.1	6.5	5.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,270	250	1,025	2.9	1.2	4.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	770	585	180	1.8	2.8	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	585	530	50	1.4	2.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	43,115	21,245	21,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,270	6,185	5,085	26.1	29.1	23.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	31,845	15,055	16,790	73.9	70.9	76.8
Location of study inside Canada	30,430	14,330	16,100	70.6	67.5	73.6
Same as province or territory of residence	30,020	14,115	15,910	69.6	66.4	72.7
Different than province or territory of residence	410	220	195	1.0	1.0	0.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,415	725	685	3.3	3.4	3.1
Americas	305	150	155	0.7	0.7	0.7
United States of America	85	60	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mexico	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	75	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Peru	10	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	630	335	295	1.5	1.6	1.3
Belgium	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	430	225	205	1.0	1.1	0.9
Germany	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	370	195	175	0.9	0.9	0.8
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	105	55	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Morocco	90	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisia	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	140	70	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asia	95	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	63,840	31,525	32,310	...	...	...
In the labour force	45,380	22,990	22,390	...	...	...
Employed	43,210	21,895	21,315	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,165	1,095	1,075	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	18,460	8,540	9,920	...	...	...
Participation rate	71.1	72.9	69.3	71.1	72.9	69.3
Employment rate	67.7	69.5	66.0	67.7	69.5	66.0
Unemployment rate	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	63,840	31,530	32,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	17,430	7,860	9,570	27.3	24.9	29.6
Worked	46,410	23,670	22,740	72.7	75.1	70.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,560	14,405	12,160	41.6	45.7	37.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	19,845	9,265	10,585	31.1	29.4	32.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.0	43.8	42.3	43.0	43.8	42.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	45,375	22,990	22,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	565	285	285	1.2	1.2	1.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	44,810	22,705	22,100	98.8	98.8	98.7
Employee	40,130	19,975	20,155	88.4	86.9	90.0
Permanent position	35,055	17,840	17,215	77.3	77.6	76.9
Temporary position	5,075	2,140	2,940	11.2	9.3	13.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,750	690	1,060	3.9	3.0	4.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,330	1,450	1,880	7.3	6.3	8.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,680	2,730	1,950	10.3	11.9	8.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	45,375	22,990	22,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	565	285	285	1.2	1.2	1.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	44,810	22,705	22,100	98.8	98.8	98.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,060	760	305	2.3	3.3	1.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,690	2,525	6,160	19.2	11.0	27.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,895	2,985	915	8.6	13.0	4.1
3 Health occupations	3,195	425	2,770	7.0	1.8	12.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,815	1,480	4,340	12.8	6.4	19.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,350	625	725	3.0	2.7	3.2
6 Sales and service occupations	9,920	4,370	5,545	21.9	19.0	24.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,330	7,570	765	18.4	32.9	3.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	515	425	90	1.1	1.8	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,040	1,540	495	4.5	6.7	2.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	45,375	22,990	22,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	565	285	285	1.2	1.2	1.3
All industries¹⁹¹	44,810	22,705	22,100	98.8	98.8	98.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	450	260	185	1.0	1.1	0.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	110	95	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
22 Utilities	750	505	250	1.7	2.2	1.1
23 Construction	3,835	3,235	600	8.5	14.1	2.7
31-33 Manufacturing	5,270	3,790	1,480	11.6	16.5	6.6
41 Wholesale trade	1,955	1,315	645	4.3	5.7	2.9
44-45 Retail trade	5,890	2,795	3,095	13.0	12.2	13.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,940	1,370	570	4.3	6.0	2.5
51 Information and cultural industries	1,000	615	385	2.2	2.7	1.7
52 Finance and insurance	1,680	595	1,085	3.7	2.6	4.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	490	265	225	1.1	1.2	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,980	1,740	1,240	6.6	7.6	5.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	70	30	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,340	830	505	3.0	3.6	2.3
61 Educational services	3,420	795	2,620	7.5	3.5	11.7
62 Health care and social assistance	5,805	805	5,000	12.8	3.5	22.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	785	350	430	1.7	1.5	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	2,130	860	1,270	4.7	3.7	5.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,990	955	1,035	4.4	4.2	4.6
91 Public administration	2,920	1,495	1,425	6.4	6.5	6.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	48,250	24,515	23,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	570	390	180	1.2	1.6	0.8
French	37,035	18,155	18,880	76.8	74.1	79.5
Non-official language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	10,365	5,810	4,550	21.5	23.7	19.2
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	150	90	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	48,250	24,515	23,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	46,835	23,705	23,125	97.1	96.7	97.4
Official languages	46,805	23,690	23,110	97.0	96.6	97.4
English	1,865	1,150	710	3.9	4.7	3.0
French	44,945	22,540	22,405	93.2	91.9	94.4
Non-official languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,420	810	610	2.9	3.3	2.6
English and French	1,340	775	565	2.8	3.2	2.4
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	48,250	24,515	23,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	38,995	19,345	19,650	80.8	78.9	82.8
English	7,785	4,310	3,475	16.1	17.6	14.6
French	1,285	750	530	2.7	3.1	2.2
Non-official language	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	85	50	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	43,215	21,895	21,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,750	3,880	4,875	20.2	17.7	22.9
Worked outside Canada	40	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	4,445	3,395	1,050	10.3	15.5	4.9
Usual place of work	29,975	14,590	15,385	69.4	66.6	72.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	29,975	14,590	15,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	7,910	3,460	4,450	26.4	23.7	28.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,225	1,725	1,505	10.8	11.8	9.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	18,795	9,370	9,425	62.7	64.2	61.3
Commute to a different province or territory	40	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	34,415	17,980	16,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	31,490	16,825	14,665	91.5	93.6	89.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	30,125	16,325	13,800	87.5	90.8	84.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,365	500	870	4.0	2.8	5.3
Public transit	1,125	435	690	3.3	2.4	4.2
Walked	1,175	430	745	3.4	2.4	4.5
Bicycle	205	120	85	0.6	0.7	0.5
Other method	420	175	250	1.2	1.0	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	34,415	17,980	16,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,240	4,185	5,055	26.8	23.3	30.8
15 to 29 minutes	12,630	6,450	6,180	36.7	35.9	37.6
30 to 44 minutes	8,250	4,685	3,565	24.0	26.1	21.7
45 to 59 minutes	2,610	1,650	955	7.6	9.2	5.8
60 minutes and over	1,695	1,015	680	4.9	5.6	4.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	34,415	17,980	16,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,490	2,845	640	10.1	15.8	3.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,640	4,390	2,250	19.3	24.4	13.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,905	4,415	5,490	28.8	24.6	33.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,275	2,425	3,850	18.2	13.5	23.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,110	1,120	1,990	9.0	6.2	12.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,995	2,785	2,215	14.5	15.5	13.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,545	9,550	8,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,645	840	805	8.9	8.8	8.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,900	8,710	8,190	91.1	91.2	91.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,770	7,090	6,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,215	605	605	8.8	8.5	9.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	800	400	400	5.8	5.6	6.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	410	200	210	3.0	2.8	3.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,555	6,485	6,070	91.2	91.5	90.9

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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