Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Marc-Aurèle-FortinMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	104,635	51,140	53,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,620	10,150	9,465	18.8	19.8	17.7
0 to 4 years	5,025	2,625	2,405	4.8	5.1	4.5
5 to 9 years	6,740	3,460	3,280	6.4	6.8	6.1
10 to 14 years	7,850	4,065	3,785	7.5	7.9	7.1
15 to 64 years	69,420	33,790	35,635	66.3	66.1	66.6
15 to 19 years	7,070	3,480	3,590	6.8	6.8	6.7
20 to 24 years	6,070	3,160	2,910	5.8	6.2	5.4
25 to 29 years	5,240	2,615	2,625	5.0	5.1	4.9
30 to 34 years	5,250	2,465	2,785	5.0	4.8	5.2
35 to 39 years	6,550	2,950	3,595	6.3	5.8	6.7
40 to 44 years	7,610	3,560	4,050	7.3	7.0	7.6
45 to 49 years	7,940	3,800	4,135	7.6	7.4	7.7
50 to 54 years	8,150	4,065	4,085	7.8	7.9	7.6
55 to 59 years	8,265	4,105	4,160	7.9	8.0	7.8
60 to 64 years	7,290	3,590	3,705	7.0	7.0	6.9
65 years and over	15,595	7,200	8,395	14.9	14.1	15.7
65 to 69 years	5,325	2,590	2,740	5.1	5.1	5.1
70 to 74 years	3,995	1,885	2,110	3.8	3.7	3.9
75 to 79 years	2,970	1,355	1,610	2.8	2.6	3.0
80 to 84 years	1,740	810	935	1.7	1.6	1.7
85 years and over	1,555	560	1,000	1.5	1.1	1.9
85 to 89 years	965	410	565	0.9	0.8	1.1
90 to 94 years	455	130	320	0.4	0.3	0.6
95 to 99 years	120	25	95	0.1	0.0	0.2
100 years and over	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.8	19.8	17.7	18.8	19.8	17.7
15 to 64 years	66.3	66.1	66.6	66.3	66.1	66.6
65 years and over	14.9	14.1	15.7	14.9	14.1	15.7
85 years and over	1.5	1.1	1.9	1.5	1.1	1.9
Average age of the population	40.2	39.4	40.9	40.2	39.4	40.9
Median age of the population	41.6	41.2	42.4	41.6	41.2	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	38,320	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	22,490	...	...	58.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	5,050	...	...	13.2	...	...
Row house	1,735	...	...	4.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	765	...	...	2.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,295	...	...	16.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,880	...	...	4.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	100	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	38,320	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	8,200	...	...	21.4	...	...
2 persons	12,020	...	...	31.4	...	...
3 persons	6,665	...	...	17.4	...	...
4 persons	7,270	...	...	19.0	...	...
5 or more persons	4,155	...	...	10.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	103,885	50,910	52,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	85,020	40,990	44,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	51,105	25,490	25,610	60.1	62.2	58.2
Married	36,260	18,105	18,160	42.6	44.2	41.2
Living common-law	14,840	7,390	7,450	17.5	18.0	16.9
Living common law - Never married	11,520	5,695	5,830	13.5	13.9	13.2
Living common law - Separated	160	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	2,905	1,485	1,420	3.4	3.6	3.2
Living common law - Widowed	250	120	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	33,915	15,495	18,420	39.9	37.8	41.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,620	12,710	11,915	29.0	31.0	27.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,055	405	645	1.2	1.0	1.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,850	1,660	3,190	5.7	4.0	7.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,390	715	2,675	4.0	1.7	6.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	12,585	...	...	42.0	...	...
3 persons	6,705	...	...	22.4	...	...
4 persons	7,355	...	...	24.6	...	...
5 or more persons	3,300	...	...	11.0	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	25,190	...	...	84.1	...	...
Married couples	17,770	...	...	59.4	...	...
With children⁶	11,275	...	...	37.7	...	...
Without children	6,495	...	...	21.7	...	...
Common-law couples	7,420	...	...	24.8	...	...
With children⁶	4,025	...	...	13.4	...	...
Without children	3,400	...	...	11.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,750	...	...	15.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,655	...	...	12.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,100	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	103,890	50,910	52,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	92,065	45,680	46,390	88.6	89.7	87.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	50,375	25,150	25,225	48.5	49.4	47.6
Parents in one-parent families	4,750	1,100	3,650	4.6	2.2	6.9
Children⁶	36,940	19,430	17,505	35.6	38.2	33.0
In a two-parent family	29,545	15,450	14,095	28.4	30.3	26.6
In a one-parent family	7,390	3,980	3,415	7.1	7.8	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	11,815	5,225	6,590	11.4	10.3	12.4
Living alone	8,200	3,605	4,605	7.9	7.1	8.7
Living with other relatives⁷	2,145	830	1,315	2.1	1.6	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	1,470	800	670	1.4	1.6	1.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	38,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,180	...	...	70.9	...	...
Couple-family households	23,240	...	...	60.7	...	...
With children⁶	14,085	...	...	36.8	...	...
Without children	9,150	...	...	23.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,945	...	...	10.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,120	...	...	2.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	145	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	890	...	...	2.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	765	...	...	2.0	...	...
One-person households	8,200	...	...	21.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	84,270	40,760	43,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,165	39,275	41,890	96.3	96.4	96.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	48,800	42,000	45,200	48,800	42,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,170	39,275	41,890	96.3	96.4	96.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	42,000	37,200	39,600	42,000	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,690	36,770	37,920	88.6	90.2	87.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,400	34,000	38,800	44,400	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,435	32,005	31,430	75.3	78.5	72.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	46,000	38,000	41,600	46,000	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,345	28,765	35,580	76.4	70.6	81.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	9,000	10,800	10,000	9,000	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,865	4,275	4,595	10.5	10.5	10.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,320	5,800	5,480	5,320	5,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,650	13,380	12,270	30.4	32.8	28.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,000	8,000	7,500	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	84,355	40,775	43,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,210	39,310	41,900	96.3	96.4	96.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,050	61,900	48,640	55,050	61,900	48,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,220	39,310	41,910	96.3	96.4	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,680	48,840	40,720	44,680	48,840	40,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,610	36,695	37,915	88.4	90.0	87.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,720	57,800	41,920	49,720	57,800	41,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,280	31,960	31,320	75.0	78.4	71.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,360	56,350	44,240	50,360	56,350	44,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,805	29,030	35,770	76.8	71.2	82.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,750	10,790	12,530	11,750	10,790	12,530
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,950	4,295	4,655	10.6	10.5	10.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,030	5,620	8,340	7,030	5,620	8,340
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,050	13,690	12,360	30.9	33.6	28.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,340	8,290	8,380	8,340	8,290	8,380
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	84,355	40,775	43,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,890	16,560	15,335	37.8	40.6	35.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,500	70,500	59,600	65,500	70,500	59,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,800	83,000	66,000	74,800	83,000	66,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,875	11,920	12,950	29.5	29.2	29.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	20,400	17,200	18,600	20,400	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,400	31,520	25,540	28,400	31,520	25,540
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.0	87.2	78.0	83.0	87.2	78.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.2	74.0	68.0	71.2	74.0	68.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.0	12.9	22.0	17.0	12.9	22.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.0	1.9	1.4	1.0	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	5.1	6.0	5.5	5.1	6.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.9	4.7	5.1	4.9	4.7	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	84,270	40,760	43,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,110	1,485	1,625	3.7	3.6	3.7
With total income	81,165	39,275	41,890	96.3	96.4	96.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,030	2,670	3,360	7.4	6.8	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	8,450	3,465	4,980	10.4	8.8	11.9
$20,000 to $29,999	11,605	5,130	6,470	14.3	13.1	15.4
$30,000 to $39,999	9,480	4,375	5,105	11.7	11.1	12.2
$40,000 to $49,999	9,525	4,430	5,095	11.7	11.3	12.2
$50,000 to $59,999	8,235	3,740	4,490	10.1	9.5	10.7
$60,000 to $69,999	6,625	3,265	3,360	8.2	8.3	8.0
$70,000 to $79,999	5,130	2,710	2,420	6.3	6.9	5.8
$80,000 to $89,999	4,435	2,350	2,080	5.5	6.0	5.0
$90,000 to $99,999	3,105	1,675	1,430	3.8	4.3	3.4
$100,000 and over	8,565	5,465	3,100	10.5	13.9	7.4
$100,000 to $149,999	6,120	3,695	2,420	7.5	9.4	5.8
$150,000 and over	2,445	1,770	675	3.0	4.5	1.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	84,270	40,760	43,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,105	1,480	1,625	3.7	3.6	3.7
With after-tax income	81,170	39,280	41,895	96.3	96.4	96.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,325	2,755	3,570	7.8	7.0	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	9,000	3,730	5,265	11.1	9.5	12.6
$20,000 to $29,999	13,590	6,170	7,415	16.7	15.7	17.7
$30,000 to $39,999	12,185	5,720	6,465	15.0	14.5	15.4
$40,000 to $49,999	11,795	5,575	6,220	14.5	14.2	14.8
$50,000 to $59,999	9,095	4,515	4,580	11.2	11.5	10.9
$60,000 to $69,999	6,830	3,530	3,300	8.4	9.0	7.9
$70,000 to $79,999	4,540	2,380	2,155	5.6	6.1	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,740	1,555	1,185	3.4	4.0	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,695	1,010	685	2.1	2.6	1.6
$100,000 and over	3,380	2,335	1,055	4.2	5.9	2.5
$100,000 to $124,999	1,930	1,260	670	2.4	3.2	1.6
$125,000 and over	1,450	1,075	375	1.8	2.7	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	84,270	40,760	43,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	20,840	8,760	12,085	24.7	21.5	27.8
With employment income	63,435	32,005	31,430	75.3	78.5	72.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,845	4,025	3,820	12.4	12.6	12.2
$5,000 to $9,999	4,955	2,250	2,705	7.8	7.0	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	7,040	3,125	3,915	11.1	9.8	12.4
$20,000 to $29,999	5,275	2,360	2,910	8.3	7.4	9.3
$30,000 to $39,999	5,640	2,550	3,090	8.9	8.0	9.8
$40,000 to $49,999	6,000	2,755	3,245	9.5	8.6	10.3
$50,000 to $59,999	5,310	2,520	2,790	8.4	7.9	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	4,625	2,465	2,155	7.3	7.7	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,895	2,140	1,760	6.1	6.7	5.6
$80,000 to $89,999	3,650	1,900	1,750	5.7	5.9	5.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,295	1,350	950	3.6	4.2	3.0
$100,000 and over	6,905	4,565	2,335	10.9	14.3	7.4
$100,000 to $124,999	3,425	2,100	1,325	5.4	6.6	4.2
$125,000 and over	3,475	2,465	1,010	5.5	7.7	3.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	84,270	40,760	43,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,185	38,280	40,905	94.0	93.9	94.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	48,400	40,000	43,600	48,400	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,215	38,285	40,930	94.0	93.9	94.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	41,200	35,200	38,400	41,200	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,490	36,240	37,250	87.2	88.9	85.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	46,000	35,200	40,000	46,000	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,130	31,870	31,260	74.9	78.2	71.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	47,200	38,400	42,400	47,200	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	56,955	24,520	32,430	67.6	60.2	74.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	3,320	7,700	5,640	3,320	7,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,210	3,480	3,725	8.6	8.5	8.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,680	3,960	5,680	4,680	3,960	5,680
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	84,355	40,775	43,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,270	38,400	40,870	94.0	94.2	93.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,700	59,500	46,320	52,700	59,500	46,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,285	38,400	40,885	94.0	94.2	93.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,600	46,800	38,680	42,600	46,800	38,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,605	36,290	37,315	87.3	89.0	85.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,080	58,050	42,320	50,080	58,050	42,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,230	32,095	31,140	75.0	78.7	71.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,840	56,950	44,560	50,840	56,950	44,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,200	24,650	32,555	67.8	60.5	74.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,590	7,200	9,640	8,590	7,200	9,640
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,235	3,460	3,775	8.6	8.5	8.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,250	5,215	9,120	7,250	5,215	9,120
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	84,355	40,775	43,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,810	16,555	15,260	37.7	40.6	35.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,600	67,500	56,400	61,600	67,500	56,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,000	79,100	62,150	71,000	79,100	62,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,470	11,400	12,070	27.8	28.0	27.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,600	27,600	22,800	24,600	27,600	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,040	38,040	30,280	34,040	38,040	30,280
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.2	92.2	83.4	88.2	92.2	83.4
Employment income (%)	77.0	80.0	73.2	77.0	80.0	73.2
Government transfers (%)	11.8	7.8	16.6	11.8	7.8	16.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.8	1.8	1.3	0.8	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	38,320	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,205	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	48,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,115	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	38,300	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	116,700	...	...	116,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	94,700	...	...	94,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,170	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,160	...	...	46,160	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,130	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,900	...	...	107,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	38,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	135	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	70	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	200	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	325	...	...	0.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	945	...	...	2.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	840	...	...	2.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	760	...	...	2.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,000	...	...	2.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,170	...	...	3.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,125	...	...	2.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,460	...	...	6.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,390	...	...	6.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,505	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,500	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,510	...	...	6.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,385	...	...	50.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,555	...	...	14.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,320	...	...	11.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,385	...	...	14.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,120	...	...	10.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	38,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	170	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	215	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	345	...	...	0.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,015	...	...	2.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,015	...	...	2.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,020	...	...	2.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,345	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,465	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,390	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,030	...	...	7.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,175	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,100	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,120	...	...	8.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,885	...	...	7.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,940	...	...	39.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,000	...	...	15.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,885	...	...	10.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,055	...	...	13.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,625	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,210	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,330	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,475	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	9,670	4,400	5,270	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,000	49,200	44,000	46,000	49,200	44,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	41,600	38,400	39,600	41,600	38,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,585	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	133,400	...	...	133,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,135	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	114,200	...	...	114,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,315	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,000	...	...	156,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,400	...	...	126,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,485	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	94,700	...	...	94,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,900	...	...	79,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	9,700	4,560	5,140	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,300	58,400	50,640	54,300	58,400	50,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,360	46,800	42,200	44,360	46,800	42,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	103,885	50,910	52,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,955	12,255	11,695	23.1	24.1	22.1
0 to 5 years	6,280	3,295	2,990	6.0	6.5	5.6
18 to 64 years	64,985	31,625	33,355	62.6	62.1	63.0
65 years and over	14,945	7,030	7,920	14.4	13.8	14.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,290	2,365	2,925	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	990	515	480	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	280	140	140	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,525	1,185	1,335	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,775	670	1,110	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.1	4.7	5.5	5.1	4.7	5.5
0 to 17 years (%)	4.1	4.2	4.1	4.1	4.2	4.1
0 to 5 years (%)	4.4	4.2	4.7	4.4	4.2	4.7
18 to 64 years (%)	3.9	3.7	4.0	3.9	3.7	4.0
65 years and over (%)	11.9	9.5	14.0	11.9	9.5	14.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	103,885	50,910	52,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,955	12,255	11,695	23.1	24.1	22.1
0 to 5 years	6,280	3,295	2,990	6.0	6.5	5.6
18 to 64 years	64,985	31,625	33,355	62.6	62.1	63.0
65 years and over	14,945	7,030	7,920	14.4	13.8	14.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,550	1,235	1,315	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	455	235	215	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	120	70	50	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,615	820	795	...	...	...
65 years and over	480	175	305	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.8
0 to 5 years (%)	1.9	2.1	1.8	1.9	2.1	1.8
18 to 64 years (%)	2.5	2.6	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.4
65 years and over (%)	3.2	2.5	3.8	3.2	2.5	3.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	103,885	50,910	52,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	45,065	21,535	23,530	43.4	42.3	44.4
In bottom decile	4,300	1,970	2,330	4.1	3.9	4.4
In second decile	6,830	3,175	3,655	6.6	6.2	6.9
In third decile	10,035	4,820	5,215	9.7	9.5	9.8
In fourth decile	11,500	5,490	6,010	11.1	10.8	11.3
In fifth decile	12,405	6,080	6,320	11.9	11.9	11.9
In top half of the distribution	58,820	29,375	29,450	56.6	57.7	55.6
In sixth decile	13,405	6,555	6,850	12.9	12.9	12.9
In seventh decile	13,370	6,695	6,675	12.9	13.2	12.6
In eighth decile	12,670	6,330	6,340	12.2	12.4	12.0
In ninth decile	11,625	5,890	5,740	11.2	11.6	10.8
In top decile	7,755	3,905	3,850	7.5	7.7	7.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	103,885	...	...	103,885	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.279	...	...	0.279	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.382	...	...	0.382	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.237	...	...	0.237	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	104,050	50,950	53,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	3,565	1,975	1,585	3.4	3.9	3.0
French only	35,735	15,925	19,810	34.3	31.3	37.3
English and French	63,405	32,555	30,845	60.9	63.9	58.1
Neither English nor French	1,345	495	850	1.3	1.0	1.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	104,050	50,950	53,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	13,635	7,030	6,605	13.1	13.8	12.4
French	80,975	39,230	41,745	77.8	77.0	78.6
English and French	8,170	4,235	3,935	7.9	8.3	7.4
Neither English nor French	1,270	455	820	1.2	0.9	1.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	104,050	50,950	53,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	97,750	47,805	49,945	93.9	93.8	94.1
Official languages	70,785	34,675	36,110	68.0	68.1	68.0
English	6,540	3,400	3,145	6.3	6.7	5.9
French	64,240	31,275	32,965	61.7	61.4	62.1
Non-official languages	26,970	13,135	13,830	25.9	25.8	26.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	26,965	13,135	13,830	25.9	25.8	26.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,385	4,250	4,130	8.1	8.3	7.8
Berber languages	905	470	435	0.9	0.9	0.8
Kabyle	855	445	410	0.8	0.9	0.8
Tamazight	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	7,435	3,760	3,675	7.1	7.4	6.9
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	7,395	3,740	3,660	7.1	7.3	6.9
Aramaic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	900	410	495	0.9	0.8	0.9
Khmer (Cambodian)	500	225	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
Vietnamese	405	185	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	1,960	825	1,135	1.9	1.6	2.1
Haitian Creole	1,685	700	985	1.6	1.4	1.9
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	200	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	410	200	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	400	195	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	13,510	6,620	6,885	13.0	13.0	13.0
Albanian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	1,065	545	525	1.0	1.1	1.0
Balto-Slavic languages	945	425	515	0.9	0.8	1.0
Baltic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	940	425	510	0.9	0.8	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	505	235	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	1,040	535	505	1.0	1.1	1.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,675	845	835	1.6	1.7	1.6
Indo-Aryan languages	660	315	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	260	130	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,020	525	490	1.0	1.0	0.9
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	980	505	475	0.9	1.0	0.9
Dari	765	405	360	0.7	0.8	0.7
Iranian Persian	160	75	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	8,605	4,185	4,415	8.3	8.2	8.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,490	1,260	1,230	2.4	2.5	2.3
Portuguese	1,190	575	615	1.1	1.1	1.2
Romanian	1,720	835	885	1.7	1.6	1.7
Spanish	3,190	1,505	1,680	3.1	3.0	3.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	360	170	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Akan (Twi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	600	270	330	0.6	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	600	270	325	0.6	0.5	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	335	155	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	205	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	315	140	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lao	290	135	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Thai	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	225	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,300	3,140	3,155	6.1	6.2	5.9
English and French	1,835	955	880	1.8	1.9	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	790	375	415	0.8	0.7	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	2,725	1,350	1,370	2.6	2.6	2.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	785	380	400	0.8	0.7	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	160	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	104,050	50,950	53,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	7,050	3,595	3,455	6.8	7.1	6.5
French	60,795	29,610	31,185	58.4	58.1	58.7
Non-official language	6,635	3,210	3,430	6.4	6.3	6.5
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	6,635	3,205	3,430	6.4	6.3	6.5
English and French	7,290	3,710	3,580	7.0	7.3	6.7
English and non-official language(s)	2,760	1,420	1,340	2.7	2.8	2.5
French and non-official language(s)	11,250	5,370	5,880	10.8	10.5	11.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	7,895	3,870	4,025	7.6	7.6	7.6
Multiple non-official languages	375	175	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	104,050	50,950	53,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	95,760	46,870	48,890	92.0	92.0	92.1
Official languages	82,455	40,395	42,055	79.2	79.3	79.2
English	11,180	5,700	5,480	10.7	11.2	10.3
French	71,270	34,695	36,575	68.5	68.1	68.9
Non-official languages	13,305	6,470	6,835	12.8	12.7	12.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,305	6,470	6,835	12.8	12.7	12.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,945	1,955	1,995	3.8	3.8	3.8
Berber languages	325	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kabyle	315	150	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamazight	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,600	1,785	1,815	3.5	3.5	3.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	3,570	1,770	1,800	3.4	3.5	3.4
Aramaic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	500	225	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	275	125	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Vietnamese	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	770	305	470	0.7	0.6	0.9
Haitian Creole	650	250	400	0.6	0.5	0.8
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	315	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	310	150	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,815	3,375	3,435	6.5	6.6	6.5
Albanian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	845	435	410	0.8	0.9	0.8
Balto-Slavic languages	605	305	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	605	305	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	395	200	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	390	195	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	1,165	590	575	1.1	1.2	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	500	255	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	210	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	665	340	325	0.6	0.7	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	640	330	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Dari	495	260	235	0.5	0.5	0.4
Iranian Persian	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,735	1,810	1,925	3.6	3.6	3.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	350	160	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	345	170	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	1,190	595	590	1.1	1.2	1.1
Spanish	1,845	880	970	1.8	1.7	1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	385	180	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	385	180	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	255	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	195	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lao	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Thai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	8,290	4,080	4,210	8.0	8.0	7.9
English and French	2,455	1,210	1,245	2.4	2.4	2.3
English and non-official language(s)	850	425	425	0.8	0.8	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	3,805	1,885	1,920	3.7	3.7	3.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,135	540	590	1.1	1.1	1.1
Multiple non-official languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	104,050	50,950	53,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	80,795	39,535	41,260	77.7	77.6	77.7
English	5,325	2,700	2,625	5.1	5.3	4.9
French	5,390	2,640	2,750	5.2	5.2	5.2
Non-official language	6,840	3,250	3,595	6.6	6.4	6.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	6,845	3,250	3,595	6.6	6.4	6.8
English and French	1,690	865	820	1.6	1.7	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	2,185	1,080	1,110	2.1	2.1	2.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,305	645	665	1.3	1.3	1.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	335	155	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	103,945	50,930	53,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	102,515	50,410	52,105	98.6	99.0	98.3
English	67,125	34,610	32,510	64.6	68.0	61.3
French	98,860	48,385	50,475	95.1	95.0	95.2
Non-official languages	41,325	19,910	21,410	39.8	39.1	40.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	41,310	19,905	21,410	39.7	39.1	40.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	13,570	6,805	6,765	13.1	13.4	12.8
Berber languages	1,230	625	605	1.2	1.2	1.1
Kabyle	1,125	565	555	1.1	1.1	1.0
Tamazight	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hausa	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	12,925	6,470	6,460	12.4	12.7	12.2
Amharic	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	12,805	6,415	6,395	12.3	12.6	12.1
Aramaic languages	85	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,275	560	710	1.2	1.1	1.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	755	340	410	0.7	0.7	0.8
Vietnamese	545	235	315	0.5	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	285	90	190	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	230	65	160	0.2	0.1	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	4,515	1,965	2,550	4.3	3.9	4.8
Haitian Creole	4,195	1,805	2,390	4.0	3.5	4.5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	165	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	280	95	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dravidian languages	495	245	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	490	240	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	20,460	10,000	10,460	19.7	19.6	19.7
Albanian	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	1,390	680	710	1.3	1.3	1.3
Balto-Slavic languages	1,500	710	790	1.4	1.4	1.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,500	710	790	1.4	1.4	1.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	165	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	1,030	500	525	1.0	1.0	1.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	205	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	475	270	205	0.5	0.5	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	405	225	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
German	405	225	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	1,545	755	785	1.5	1.5	1.5
Indo-Iranian languages	2,305	1,170	1,135	2.2	2.3	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages	1,250	610	645	1.2	1.2	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	370	160	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	575	270	310	0.6	0.5	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	500	250	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,255	685	570	1.2	1.3	1.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	1,205	655	545	1.2	1.3	1.0
Dari	870	480	390	0.8	0.9	0.7
Iranian Persian	250	145	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	13,935	6,715	7,220	13.4	13.2	13.6
Catalan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	4,870	2,515	2,355	4.7	4.9	4.4
Portuguese	1,675	860	820	1.6	1.7	1.5
Romanian	1,845	850	995	1.8	1.7	1.9
Spanish	6,510	2,970	3,540	6.3	5.8	6.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	775	335	435	0.7	0.7	0.8
Akan (Twi)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lingala	275	125	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Luba-Kasai	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	235	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	830	400	430	0.8	0.8	0.8
Chinese languages	825	395	430	0.8	0.8	0.8
Hakka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	415	225	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	460	205	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	365	150	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Lao	325	135	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Thai	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	490	230	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	475	220	255	0.5	0.4	0.5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	160	65	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	155	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	103,945	50,930	53,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	755	370	390	0.7	0.7	0.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	715	355	360	0.7	0.7	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	400	195	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Métis	300	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	103,190	50,565	52,620	99.3	99.3	99.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	103,945	50,930	53,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	105	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	103,845	50,900	52,945	99.9	99.9	99.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	38,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	30,725	...	...	80.2	...	...
Renter	7,575	...	...	19.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	38,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,280	...	...	13.8	...	...
Not condominium	33,025	...	...	86.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	38,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	105	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	2,405	...	...	6.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,365	...	...	24.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,330	...	...	42.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,095	...	...	26.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	38,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,220	...	...	21.5	...	...
5 rooms	5,385	...	...	14.1	...	...
6 rooms	5,620	...	...	14.7	...	...
7 rooms	6,220	...	...	16.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,860	...	...	33.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	38,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	37,815	...	...	98.7	...	...
More than one person per room	485	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	38,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	36,630	...	...	95.6	...	...
Not suitable	1,675	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	38,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,750	...	...	7.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,430	...	...	29.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,750	...	...	17.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,435	...	...	16.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,505	...	...	9.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,215	...	...	8.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,245	...	...	5.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,980	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	38,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	36,870	...	...	96.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,435	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	38,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	16,870	...	...	44.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,035	...	...	52.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,400	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	38,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	375	...	...	1.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,475	...	...	9.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,055	...	...	18.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,215	...	...	24.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,085	...	...	23.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,515	...	...	14.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,900	...	...	7.6	...	...
85 years and over	685	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	38,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	33,510	...	...	87.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,710	...	...	12.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,500	...	...	11.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	38,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,375	...	...	19.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,395	...	...	11.5	...	...
Not suitable only	1,440	...	...	3.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,110	...	...	2.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	110	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	200	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	30,925	...	...	80.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	38,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,500	...	...	3.9	...	...
Not in core need	36,505	...	...	96.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,720	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	68.7	...	...	68.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.6	...	...	8.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.5	...	...	1.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,370	...	...	1,370	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,374	...	...	1,374	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	434,800	...	...	434,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,570	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.4	...	...	27.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.1	...	...	14.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	940	...	...	940	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,040	...	...	1,040	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	103,945	50,930	53,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	675	300	370	0.6	0.6	0.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	665	295	370	0.6	0.6	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	580	275	305	0.6	0.5	0.6
Métis single ancestry	80	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,330	590	745	1.3	1.2	1.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,305	575	735	1.3	1.1	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,190	515	670	1.1	1.0	1.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	101,940	50,045	51,900	98.1	98.3	97.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	103,945	50,930	53,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	99,425	48,770	50,650	95.7	95.8	95.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	23,225	11,850	11,375	22.3	23.3	21.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	76,200	36,925	39,275	73.3	72.5	74.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,525	2,160	2,365	4.4	4.2	4.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	103,945	50,930	53,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	76,730	37,850	38,875	73.8	74.3	73.3
Immigrants⁸¹	26,665	12,790	13,880	25.7	25.1	26.2
Before 1980	3,320	1,580	1,740	3.2	3.1	3.3
1980 to 1990	3,660	1,840	1,820	3.5	3.6	3.4
1991 to 2000	4,935	2,450	2,490	4.7	4.8	4.7
2001 to 2010	8,630	4,035	4,590	8.3	7.9	8.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	6,125	2,890	3,240	5.9	5.7	6.1
2011 to 2015	3,735	1,705	2,030	3.6	3.3	3.8
2016 to 2021	2,390	1,185	1,205	2.3	2.3	2.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	550	285	265	0.5	0.6	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	26,665	12,790	13,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,715	1,245	1,470	10.2	9.7	10.6
5 to 14 years	4,660	2,345	2,320	17.5	18.3	16.7
15 to 24 years	5,070	2,190	2,880	19.0	17.1	20.8
25 to 44 years	12,340	6,115	6,225	46.3	47.8	44.9
45 years and over	1,880	890	985	7.1	7.0	7.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	26,665	12,790	13,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	5,755	2,470	3,280	21.6	19.3	23.6
Brazil	100	50	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Colombia	470	190	275	1.8	1.5	2.0
El Salvador	430	215	215	1.6	1.7	1.5
Guyana	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haiti	3,030	1,260	1,770	11.4	9.9	12.8
Jamaica	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	345	125	215	1.3	1.0	1.5
Peru	230	105	125	0.9	0.8	0.9
Trinidad and Tobago	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
United States of America	230	100	130	0.9	0.8	0.9
Other places of birth in Americas	855	390	465	3.2	3.0	3.4
Europe	5,355	2,585	2,770	20.1	20.2	20.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Croatia	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	825	395	425	3.1	3.1	3.1
Germany	90	70	20	0.3	0.5	0.1
Greece	320	165	155	1.2	1.3	1.1
Hungary	35	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italy	815	445	370	3.1	3.5	2.7
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	95	40	55	0.4	0.3	0.4
Portugal	545	265	280	2.0	2.1	2.0
Romania	1,270	585	685	4.8	4.6	4.9
Russian Federation	145	45	95	0.5	0.4	0.7
Serbia⁸⁶	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ukraine	115	55	65	0.4	0.4	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth in Europe	935	415	520	3.5	3.2	3.7
Africa	7,355	3,605	3,745	27.6	28.2	27.0
Algeria	2,030	1,020	1,010	7.6	8.0	7.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	260	135	130	1.0	1.1	0.9
Egypt	705	330	370	2.6	2.6	2.7
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Morocco	2,455	1,200	1,260	9.2	9.4	9.1
Nigeria	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,835	900	940	6.9	7.0	6.8
Asia	8,205	4,125	4,075	30.8	32.3	29.4
Afghanistan	625	325	300	2.3	2.5	2.2
Iran⁸⁸	210	105	100	0.8	0.8	0.7
Iraq	95	45	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanon	2,430	1,300	1,130	9.1	10.2	8.1
Syria⁸⁹	1,410	755	650	5.3	5.9	4.7
Turkey	205	110	95	0.8	0.9	0.7
China⁹⁰	275	110	165	1.0	0.9	1.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	240	70	165	0.9	0.5	1.2
Viet Nam	360	145	220	1.4	1.1	1.6
Bangladesh	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	370	180	185	1.4	1.4	1.3
Pakistan	320	175	140	1.2	1.4	1.0
Sri Lanka	295	150	145	1.1	1.2	1.0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,280	600	680	4.8	4.7	4.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,390	1,185	1,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	345	160	185	14.4	13.5	15.4
Brazil	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Colombia	45	20	25	1.9	1.7	2.1
Haiti	105	50	55	4.4	4.2	4.6
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	50	20	30	2.1	1.7	2.5
United States of America	40	20	20	1.7	1.7	1.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	15	0.6	0.0	1.2
Other places of birth in Americas	70	40	35	2.9	3.4	2.9
Europe	285	120	160	11.9	10.1	13.3
France	115	55	60	4.8	4.6	5.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Ukraine	25	15	10	1.0	1.3	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	125	50	75	5.2	4.2	6.2
Africa	595	295	300	24.9	24.9	24.9
Algeria	150	75	80	6.3	6.3	6.6
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	60	25	35	2.5	2.1	2.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	80	40	40	3.3	3.4	3.3
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	0	20	0.8	0.0	1.7
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	95	55	45	4.0	4.6	3.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	85	60	30	3.6	5.1	2.5
Other places of birth in Africa	70	40	30	2.9	3.4	2.5
Asia	1,165	605	560	48.7	51.1	46.5
Afghanistan	115	65	45	4.8	5.5	3.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	105	40	60	4.4	3.4	5.0
Iran⁸⁸	30	15	15	1.3	1.3	1.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	140	85	55	5.9	7.2	4.6
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	50	30	20	2.1	2.5	1.7
Philippines	25	0	20	1.0	0.0	1.7
Saudi Arabia	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.8
Syria⁸⁹	555	305	255	23.2	25.7	21.2
Turkey	25	20	0	1.0	1.7	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	50	20	30	2.1	1.7	2.5
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	103,945	50,930	53,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	27,975	13,420	14,560	26.9	26.3	27.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	22,660	11,540	11,120	21.8	22.7	21.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	53,305	25,975	27,330	51.3	51.0	51.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	23,350	11,215	12,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	12,355	6,320	6,035	52.9	56.4	49.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	5,420	3,360	2,060	23.2	30.0	17.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	6,935	2,960	3,975	29.7	26.4	32.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	5,935	2,270	3,665	25.4	20.2	30.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,720	2,455	2,265	20.2	21.9	18.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	345	170	170	1.5	1.5	1.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	23,350	11,215	12,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,030	1,095	935	8.7	9.8	7.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,340	760	585	5.7	6.8	4.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	485	250	235	2.1	2.2	1.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	475	215	260	2.0	1.9	2.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	235	65	170	1.0	0.6	1.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	18,775	8,825	9,950	80.4	78.7	82.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	103,945	50,930	53,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	30,055	14,700	15,350	28.9	28.9	29.0
South Asian	1,810	865	950	1.7	1.7	1.8
Chinese	855	335	515	0.8	0.7	1.0
Black	9,025	4,335	4,685	8.7	8.5	8.8
Filipino	360	115	245	0.3	0.2	0.5
Arab	10,600	5,460	5,145	10.2	10.7	9.7
Latin American	2,920	1,375	1,550	2.8	2.7	2.9
Southeast Asian	2,010	935	1,070	1.9	1.8	2.0
West Asian	1,210	655	555	1.2	1.3	1.0
Korean	105	75	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	165	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	955	450	505	0.9	0.9	1.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	73,895	36,235	37,660	71.1	71.1	71.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	103,945	50,930	53,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	20,490	9,965	10,525	19.7	19.6	19.9
English	1,145	555	590	1.1	1.1	1.1
Irish	3,325	1,555	1,765	3.2	3.1	3.3
Scottish	1,365	660	710	1.3	1.3	1.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	17,535	8,800	8,735	16.9	17.3	16.5
German	790	425	365	0.8	0.8	0.7
Chinese	1,375	570	800	1.3	1.1	1.5
Italian	8,350	4,305	4,050	8.0	8.5	7.6
Indian (India)	565	270	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ukrainian	465	225	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dutch	160	55	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Polish	555	315	245	0.5	0.6	0.5
Québécois	8,340	4,010	4,325	8.0	7.9	8.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Filipino	405	145	260	0.4	0.3	0.5
French Canadian	5,745	2,860	2,885	5.5	5.6	5.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,170	625	550	1.1	1.2	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	975	425	550	0.9	0.8	1.0
Métis	230	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	890	435	460	0.9	0.9	0.9
Russian	610	295	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
Norwegian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Welsh	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	2,480	1,315	1,170	2.4	2.6	2.2
American	410	175	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Spanish	1,115	530	585	1.1	1.0	1.1
Swedish	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	410	210	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Acadian	675	310	365	0.6	0.6	0.7
Pakistani	310	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,215	585	630	1.2	1.1	1.2
Jewish	235	140	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Punjabi	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	760	350	410	0.7	0.7	0.8
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	3,370	1,780	1,595	3.2	3.5	3.0
Greek	2,120	1,030	1,090	2.0	2.0	2.1
Jamaican	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	1,570	715	850	1.5	1.4	1.6
Lebanese	4,185	2,135	2,050	4.0	4.2	3.9
Iranian	290	160	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	990	480	505	1.0	0.9	1.0
Danish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	185	70	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Sikh	130	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	635	295	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Haitian	5,415	2,485	2,930	5.2	4.9	5.5
Hindu	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mexican	640	275	355	0.6	0.5	0.7
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	190	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	230	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	180	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	410	215	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Egyptian	1,040	480	560	1.0	0.9	1.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	560	265	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Tamil	245	145	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	490	235	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Moroccan	2,965	1,510	1,460	2.9	3.0	2.8
Czech	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	1,585	800	785	1.5	1.6	1.5
Guyanese	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afghan	860	470	390	0.8	0.9	0.7
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	455	230	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	1,525	765	760	1.5	1.5	1.4
Brazilian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	1,710	810	895	1.6	1.6	1.7
Slovak	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Taiwanese	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Salvadorean	690	330	360	0.7	0.6	0.7
African Caribbean	250	135	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	85	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	155	80	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chilean	240	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	335	165	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	315	170	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Yoruba	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,110	500	610	1.1	1.0	1.2
Berber	1,190	595	590	1.1	1.2	1.1
Albanian	155	80	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mohawk	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	195	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	745	375	370	0.7	0.7	0.7
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuban	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	365	200	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
Guatemalan	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	410	180	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	155	55	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	245	130	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Thai	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dominican	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	720	415	305	0.7	0.8	0.6
Assyrian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	345	160	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	45	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	180	70	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	325	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Huron (Wendat)	145	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	55	25	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sinhalese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	55	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	103,945	50,930	53,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,575	700	870	1.5	1.4	1.6
Christian	68,635	32,830	35,805	66.0	64.5	67.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,990	3,970	4,020	7.7	7.8	7.6
Anabaptist	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	730	290	440	0.7	0.6	0.8
Catholic	51,305	24,545	26,760	49.4	48.2	50.5
Christian Orthodox	5,815	2,835	2,980	5.6	5.6	5.6
Jehovah's Witness	330	120	215	0.3	0.2	0.4
Latter Day Saints	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	555	250	305	0.5	0.5	0.6
Presbyterian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,585	660	925	1.5	1.3	1.7
Hindu	650	325	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jewish	255	145	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Muslim	11,990	6,130	5,855	11.5	12.0	11.0
Sikh	385	195	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	20,275	10,520	9,760	19.5	20.7	18.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	103,150	50,515	52,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	95,550	46,845	48,705	92.6	92.7	92.5
Movers	7,600	3,670	3,925	7.4	7.3	7.5
Non-migrants	4,475	2,185	2,290	4.3	4.3	4.4
Migrants	3,125	1,485	1,635	3.0	2.9	3.1
Internal migrants	2,785	1,320	1,465	2.7	2.6	2.8
Intraprovincial migrants	2,640	1,240	1,395	2.6	2.5	2.7
Interprovincial migrants	145	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	345	170	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	98,900	48,270	50,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	69,800	34,050	35,750	70.6	70.5	70.6
Movers	29,105	14,220	14,885	29.4	29.5	29.4
Non-migrants	13,435	6,475	6,960	13.6	13.4	13.7
Migrants	15,665	7,750	7,920	15.8	16.1	15.6
Internal migrants	13,435	6,645	6,795	13.6	13.8	13.4
Intraprovincial migrants	13,115	6,500	6,620	13.3	13.5	13.1
Interprovincial migrants	325	145	180	0.3	0.3	0.4
External migrants	2,230	1,105	1,125	2.3	2.3	2.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	84,355	40,775	43,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,925	7,445	6,480	16.5	18.3	14.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	70,435	33,330	37,100	83.5	81.7	85.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,030	26,985	29,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,425	3,245	2,180	9.7	12.0	7.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	50,610	23,740	26,870	90.3	88.0	92.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	84,355	40,780	43,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,450	6,495	5,955	14.8	15.9	13.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,040	8,750	9,290	21.4	21.5	21.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	53,870	25,530	28,340	63.9	62.6	65.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	32,040	15,660	16,380	38.0	38.4	37.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,120	6,550	4,575	13.2	16.1	10.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,085	4,195	3,890	9.6	10.3	8.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,040	2,355	685	3.6	5.8	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,715	7,365	9,350	19.8	18.1	21.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,205	1,750	2,455	5.0	4.3	5.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	21,830	9,870	11,960	25.9	24.2	27.4
Bachelor's degree	14,475	6,335	8,140	17.2	15.5	18.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,240	1,020	1,220	2.7	2.5	2.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	440	205	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Master's degree	4,070	1,965	2,105	4.8	4.8	4.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	605	345	260	0.7	0.8	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,035	26,985	29,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,385	2,600	1,780	7.8	9.6	6.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,180	4,625	4,560	16.4	17.1	15.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,470	19,760	22,715	75.8	73.2	78.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,425	11,350	12,085	41.8	42.1	41.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,460	4,875	3,585	15.1	18.1	12.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,210	3,145	3,070	11.1	11.7	10.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,240	1,730	510	4.0	6.4	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,685	5,060	6,620	20.9	18.8	22.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,285	1,410	1,875	5.9	5.2	6.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	19,040	8,410	10,630	34.0	31.2	36.6
Bachelor's degree	12,485	5,380	7,105	22.3	19.9	24.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,960	855	1,110	3.5	3.2	3.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	355	135	220	0.6	0.5	0.8
Master's degree	3,690	1,730	1,960	6.6	6.4	6.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	545	305	240	1.0	1.1	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	84,355	40,780	43,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	30,485	15,245	15,245	36.1	37.4	35.0
Education	3,465	700	2,765	4.1	1.7	6.3
13. Education	3,465	700	2,765	4.1	1.7	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,740	835	905	2.1	2.0	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	315	235	75	0.4	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,425	595	825	1.7	1.5	1.9
Humanities	2,765	1,060	1,705	3.3	2.6	3.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	390	100	295	0.5	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	175	50	125	0.2	0.1	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,545	660	880	1.8	1.6	2.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	185	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	320	65	250	0.4	0.2	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,620	1,755	3,870	6.7	4.3	8.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	590	190	400	0.7	0.5	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,060	75	985	1.3	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	1,195	450	750	1.4	1.1	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	145	55	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	740	175	565	0.9	0.4	1.3
45. Social sciences	1,840	790	1,050	2.2	1.9	2.4
Business, management and public administration	14,535	5,795	8,740	17.2	14.2	20.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	600	110	490	0.7	0.3	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	13,920	5,685	8,240	16.5	13.9	18.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,585	1,180	1,400	3.1	2.9	3.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	840	325	520	1.0	0.8	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	455	210	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	465	185	275	0.6	0.5	0.6
40. Physical sciences	665	390	270	0.8	1.0	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	160	65	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,715	1,900	820	3.2	4.7	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,335	1,735	600	2.8	4.3	1.4
25. Library science	160	40	120	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	205	110	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,620	9,360	1,255	12.6	23.0	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	445	255	195	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	3,105	2,445	655	3.7	6.0	1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,180	1,895	285	2.6	4.6	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,160	2,100	65	2.6	5.1	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,950	1,920	35	2.3	4.7	0.1
48. Precision production	785	755	25	0.9	1.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	565	265	305	0.7	0.6	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	450	210	240	0.5	0.5	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health and related fields	6,130	1,030	5,100	7.3	2.5	11.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	370	180	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,665	810	4,855	6.7	2.0	11.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,130	1,650	1,480	3.7	4.0	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,605	425	1,180	1.9	1.0	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	770	565	210	0.9	1.4	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	735	650	85	0.9	1.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	56,035	26,985	29,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,565	7,225	6,340	24.2	26.8	21.8
Education	2,730	520	2,210	4.9	1.9	7.6
13. Education	2,730	520	2,210	4.9	1.9	7.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,310	605	705	2.3	2.2	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	215	155	55	0.4	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,095	440	650	2.0	1.6	2.2
Humanities	1,835	690	1,140	3.3	2.6	3.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	320	65	255	0.6	0.2	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	155	55	105	0.3	0.2	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	830	360	465	1.5	1.3	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	130	80	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	270	65	210	0.5	0.2	0.7
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,435	1,295	3,140	7.9	4.8	10.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	480	145	335	0.9	0.5	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	850	45	805	1.5	0.2	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	940	325	615	1.7	1.2	2.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	40	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	575	110	460	1.0	0.4	1.6
45. Social sciences	1,445	610	835	2.6	2.3	2.9
Business, management and public administration	11,905	4,655	7,250	21.2	17.3	25.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	475	85	395	0.8	0.3	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,425	4,575	6,850	20.4	17.0	23.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,745	790	950	3.1	2.9	3.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	735	275	460	1.3	1.0	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	280	135	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	540	290	245	1.0	1.1	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,395	1,690	705	4.3	6.3	2.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,105	1,550	550	3.8	5.7	1.9
25. Library science	115	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	160	90	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,280	7,195	1,085	14.8	26.7	3.7
04. Architecture and related services	310	155	150	0.6	0.6	0.5
14. Engineering	2,775	2,175	600	5.0	8.1	2.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,620	1,385	240	2.9	5.1	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,565	1,520	45	2.8	5.6	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,445	1,410	30	2.6	5.2	0.1
48. Precision production	570	550	20	1.0	2.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	460	200	255	0.8	0.7	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	365	160	205	0.7	0.6	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	95	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Health and related fields	4,905	805	4,095	8.8	3.0	14.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	275	130	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,550	655	3,890	8.1	2.4	13.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75	15	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,475	1,310	1,165	4.4	4.9	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,235	295	935	2.2	1.1	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	630	475	155	1.1	1.8	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	595	525	70	1.1	1.9	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	56,035	26,985	29,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,565	7,225	6,340	24.2	26.8	21.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	42,470	19,760	22,710	75.8	73.2	78.2
Location of study inside Canada	35,860	16,525	19,335	64.0	61.2	66.6
Same as province or territory of residence	35,165	16,160	19,010	62.8	59.9	65.4
Different than province or territory of residence	690	365	325	1.2	1.4	1.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,615	3,235	3,375	11.8	12.0	11.6
Americas	1,015	515	495	1.8	1.9	1.7
United States of America	180	125	55	0.3	0.5	0.2
Mexico	135	50	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cuba	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	210	115	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	170	75	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Peru	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	145	75	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Europe	1,905	1,000	905	3.4	3.7	3.1
Belgium	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	640	355	290	1.1	1.3	1.0
Germany	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	190	90	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
Poland	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	540	300	240	1.0	1.1	0.8
Russian Federation	85	35	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ukraine	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	185	70	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
Africa	2,210	1,090	1,120	3.9	4.0	3.9
Nigeria	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	745	370	375	1.3	1.4	1.3
Morocco	695	345	345	1.2	1.3	1.2
Tunisia	230	120	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Egypt	255	125	125	0.5	0.5	0.4
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	265	115	150	0.5	0.4	0.5
Asia	1,475	625	855	2.6	2.3	2.9
Iran⁸⁸	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	595	280	315	1.1	1.0	1.1
Syria⁸⁹	295	120	180	0.5	0.4	0.6
Turkey	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	75	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Philippines	110	25	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Viet Nam	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
India	55	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	125	40	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	84,355	40,775	43,580	...	...	...
In the labour force	58,325	29,425	28,895	...	...	...
Employed	54,235	27,245	26,990	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,085	2,180	1,905	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	26,035	11,350	14,680	...	...	...
Participation rate	69.1	72.2	66.3	69.1	72.2	66.3
Employment rate	64.3	66.8	61.9	64.3	66.8	61.9
Unemployment rate	7.0	7.4	6.6	7.0	7.4	6.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	84,355	40,780	43,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	26,020	11,255	14,765	30.8	27.6	33.9
Worked	58,340	29,520	28,820	69.2	72.4	66.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	32,375	16,945	15,430	38.4	41.6	35.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	25,965	12,575	13,385	30.8	30.8	30.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	42.1	41.4	41.7	42.1	41.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	58,325	29,420	28,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,170	590	575	2.0	2.0	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	57,150	28,830	28,320	98.0	98.0	98.0
Employee	50,645	24,480	26,165	86.8	83.2	90.6
Permanent position	43,980	21,550	22,430	75.4	73.2	77.6
Temporary position	6,660	2,925	3,735	11.4	9.9	12.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,225	850	1,375	3.8	2.9	4.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,435	2,075	2,360	7.6	7.1	8.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,505	4,350	2,160	11.2	14.8	7.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	58,325	29,420	28,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,170	590	575	2.0	2.0	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	57,150	28,830	28,320	98.0	98.0	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,170	835	335	2.0	2.8	1.2
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,150	4,005	8,150	20.8	13.6	28.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,750	4,360	1,395	9.9	14.8	4.8
3 Health occupations	4,595	820	3,775	7.9	2.8	13.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,130	1,930	5,200	12.2	6.6	18.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,445	715	725	2.5	2.4	2.5
6 Sales and service occupations	14,575	7,145	7,430	25.0	24.3	25.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,990	7,340	650	13.7	24.9	2.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	335	260	75	0.6	0.9	0.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,010	1,435	580	3.4	4.9	2.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	58,325	29,420	28,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,170	590	575	2.0	2.0	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	57,150	28,830	28,320	98.0	98.0	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	180	110	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
22 Utilities	460	295	165	0.8	1.0	0.6
23 Construction	3,630	2,970	660	6.2	10.1	2.3
31-33 Manufacturing	5,595	3,845	1,750	9.6	13.1	6.1
41 Wholesale trade	2,715	1,720	995	4.7	5.8	3.4
44-45 Retail trade	7,710	3,750	3,960	13.2	12.7	13.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,315	2,525	785	5.7	8.6	2.7
51 Information and cultural industries	1,270	790	480	2.2	2.7	1.7
52 Finance and insurance	2,930	1,260	1,675	5.0	4.3	5.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	910	510	400	1.6	1.7	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,955	2,845	2,110	8.5	9.7	7.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,985	1,140	845	3.4	3.9	2.9
61 Educational services	4,460	1,160	3,305	7.6	3.9	11.4
62 Health care and social assistance	7,980	1,420	6,560	13.7	4.8	22.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	730	460	270	1.3	1.6	0.9
72 Accommodation and food services	2,670	1,370	1,300	4.6	4.7	4.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,135	1,025	1,110	3.7	3.5	3.8
91 Public administration	3,340	1,535	1,800	5.7	5.2	6.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	61,595	31,100	30,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,350	1,890	1,470	5.4	6.1	4.8
French	33,285	15,955	17,335	54.0	51.3	56.8
Non-official language	215	105	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	215	105	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	23,195	12,280	10,915	37.7	39.5	35.8
English and non-official language(s)	225	155	70	0.4	0.5	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	280	140	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,040	585	450	1.7	1.9	1.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	61,595	31,100	30,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	56,140	28,155	27,985	91.1	90.5	91.8
Official languages	55,760	27,930	27,835	90.5	89.8	91.3
English	8,085	4,430	3,655	13.1	14.2	12.0
French	47,675	23,495	24,185	77.4	75.5	79.3
Non-official languages	380	225	150	0.6	0.7	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	380	225	150	0.6	0.7	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	95	60	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	95	60	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	95	60	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	200	115	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,455	2,955	2,505	8.9	9.5	8.2
English and French	5,160	2,800	2,360	8.4	9.0	7.7
English and non-official language(s)	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	140	90	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	61,595	31,100	30,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	41,965	20,715	21,245	68.1	66.6	69.7
English	13,940	7,325	6,615	22.6	23.6	21.7
French	4,565	2,430	2,135	7.4	7.8	7.0
Non-official language	500	270	225	0.8	0.9	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	495	270	225	0.8	0.9	0.7
English and French	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	395	210	180	0.6	0.7	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	140	85	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	54,235	27,245	26,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	12,805	6,050	6,755	23.6	22.2	25.0
Worked outside Canada	75	60	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	5,300	3,990	1,310	9.8	14.6	4.9
Usual place of work	36,055	17,150	18,910	66.5	62.9	70.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	36,055	17,150	18,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	17,625	7,435	10,190	48.9	43.4	53.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	18,395	9,695	8,700	51.0	56.5	46.0
Commute to a different province or territory	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	41,355	21,140	20,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	35,945	18,940	17,010	86.9	89.6	84.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	34,035	18,250	15,790	82.3	86.3	78.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,910	695	1,220	4.6	3.3	6.0
Public transit	3,755	1,430	2,320	9.1	6.8	11.5
Walked	905	380	520	2.2	1.8	2.6
Bicycle	200	165	40	0.5	0.8	0.2
Other method	550	225	325	1.3	1.1	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	41,355	21,140	20,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	8,815	4,015	4,800	21.3	19.0	23.7
15 to 29 minutes	15,850	7,845	8,005	38.3	37.1	39.6
30 to 44 minutes	9,745	5,645	4,105	23.6	26.7	20.3
45 to 59 minutes	3,455	1,855	1,600	8.4	8.8	7.9
60 minutes and over	3,495	1,785	1,705	8.5	8.4	8.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	41,355	21,140	20,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,415	2,760	655	8.3	13.1	3.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,610	4,495	3,110	18.4	21.3	15.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,660	4,655	6,005	25.8	22.0	29.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,300	3,445	4,860	20.1	16.3	24.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,225	2,255	2,965	12.6	10.7	14.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,145	3,525	2,625	14.9	16.7	13.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	24,435	12,500	11,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,900	2,560	2,345	20.1	20.5	19.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,535	9,940	9,600	79.9	79.5	80.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	19,005	9,670	9,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,860	2,000	1,865	20.3	20.7	20.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,895	1,515	1,380	15.2	15.7	14.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	970	485	480	5.1	5.0	5.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,145	7,670	7,475	79.7	79.3	80.1

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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