Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Manicouagan, Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	30,158	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	31,027	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 2.8	...	...	- 2.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	15,035	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	13,781	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	0.9	...	...	0.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	34,655.04	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	30,160	15,240	14,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	4,460	2,260	2,195	14.8	14.8	14.7
0 to 4 years	1,270	660	610	4.2	4.3	4.1
5 to 9 years	1,575	805	775	5.2	5.3	5.2
10 to 14 years	1,610	795	815	5.3	5.2	5.5
15 to 64 years	18,910	9,615	9,300	62.7	63.1	62.4
15 to 19 years	1,465	750	715	4.9	4.9	4.8
20 to 24 years	1,405	720	690	4.7	4.7	4.6
25 to 29 years	1,455	760	700	4.8	5.0	4.7
30 to 34 years	1,565	800	765	5.2	5.2	5.1
35 to 39 years	1,630	800	835	5.4	5.2	5.6
40 to 44 years	1,850	930	920	6.1	6.1	6.2
45 to 49 years	1,780	895	890	5.9	5.9	6.0
50 to 54 years	2,040	1,025	1,015	6.8	6.7	6.8
55 to 59 years	2,835	1,450	1,385	9.4	9.5	9.3
60 to 64 years	2,870	1,490	1,385	9.5	9.8	9.3
65 years and over	6,790	3,365	3,430	22.5	22.1	23.0
65 to 69 years	2,225	1,175	1,050	7.4	7.7	7.0
70 to 74 years	1,760	900	860	5.8	5.9	5.8
75 to 79 years	1,400	695	710	4.6	4.6	4.8
80 to 84 years	770	355	415	2.6	2.3	2.8
85 years and over	635	240	390	2.1	1.6	2.6
85 to 89 years	465	190	275	1.5	1.2	1.8
90 to 94 years	130	40	85	0.4	0.3	0.6
95 to 99 years	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.8	14.8	14.7	14.8	14.8	14.7
15 to 64 years	62.7	63.1	62.4	62.7	63.1	62.4
65 years and over	22.5	22.1	23.0	22.5	22.1	23.0
85 years and over	2.1	1.6	2.6	2.1	1.6	2.6
Average age of the population	45.2	44.9	45.5	45.2	44.9	45.5
Median age of the population	48.4	48.4	48.8	48.4	48.4	48.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	13,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	8,500	...	...	61.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	770	...	...	5.6	...	...
Row house	365	...	...	2.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	375	...	...	2.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,330	...	...	16.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	100	...	...	0.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	65	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,275	...	...	9.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	13,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	4,905	...	...	35.6	...	...
2 persons	5,220	...	...	37.9	...	...
3 persons	1,725	...	...	12.5	...	...
4 persons	1,325	...	...	9.6	...	...
5 or more persons	605	...	...	4.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	29,200	14,695	14,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	25,705	12,980	12,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	14,565	7,275	7,290	56.7	56.0	57.3
Married	6,810	3,415	3,400	26.5	26.3	26.7
Living common-law	7,755	3,865	3,890	30.2	29.8	30.6
Living common law - Never married	6,560	3,265	3,290	25.5	25.2	25.9
Living common law - Separated	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	1,020	520	505	4.0	4.0	4.0
Living common law - Widowed	130	45	80	0.5	0.3	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	11,135	5,700	5,430	43.3	43.9	42.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	7,920	4,460	3,465	30.8	34.4	27.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	235	115	120	0.9	0.9	0.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,595	785	810	6.2	6.0	6.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,385	345	1,040	5.4	2.7	8.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	8,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	5,285	...	...	60.9	...	...
3 persons	1,645	...	...	19.0	...	...
4 persons	1,265	...	...	14.6	...	...
5 or more persons	480	...	...	5.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	8,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	7,180	...	...	82.8	...	...
Married couples	3,300	...	...	38.0	...	...
With children⁶	855	...	...	9.9	...	...
Without children	2,450	...	...	28.2	...	...
Common-law couples	3,875	...	...	44.7	...	...
With children⁶	1,920	...	...	22.1	...	...
Without children	1,960	...	...	22.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,495	...	...	17.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,100	...	...	12.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	395	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	29,195	14,695	14,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	23,110	11,425	11,690	79.2	77.7	80.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	14,355	7,160	7,195	49.2	48.7	49.6
Parents in one-parent families	1,495	395	1,100	5.1	2.7	7.6
Children⁶	7,255	3,870	3,390	24.9	26.3	23.4
In a two-parent family	4,920	2,570	2,345	16.9	17.5	16.2
In a one-parent family	2,340	1,295	1,045	8.0	8.8	7.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,090	3,265	2,820	20.9	22.2	19.4
Living alone	4,900	2,635	2,270	16.8	17.9	15.6
Living with other relatives⁷	590	295	295	2.0	2.0	2.0
Living with non-relatives only	600	340	255	2.1	2.3	1.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	13,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,140	...	...	59.1	...	...
Couple-family households	6,885	...	...	50.0	...	...
With children⁶	2,650	...	...	19.2	...	...
Without children	4,235	...	...	30.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,255	...	...	9.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	175	...	...	1.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	25	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	225	...	...	1.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	315	...	...	2.3	...	...
One-person households	4,900	...	...	35.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	24,745	12,430	12,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,190	12,180	12,015	97.8	98.0	97.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	50,800	35,600	42,800	50,800	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,195	12,175	12,015	97.8	97.9	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	43,600	32,000	38,000	43,600	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,495	11,245	10,250	86.9	90.5	83.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	42,800	28,600	35,600	42,800	28,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,810	8,910	7,895	67.9	71.7	64.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	46,000	32,800	38,800	46,000	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,765	9,450	10,310	79.9	76.0	83.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,900	12,000	11,800	11,900	12,000	11,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,670	2,130	1,540	14.8	17.1	12.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,240	5,640	6,000	6,240	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,830	3,045	2,785	23.6	24.5	22.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	7,500	6,500	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	24,775	12,430	12,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,205	12,150	12,055	97.7	97.7	97.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,360	58,550	42,120	50,360	58,550	42,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,210	12,155	12,055	97.7	97.8	97.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,840	47,600	36,040	41,840	47,600	36,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,510	11,215	10,295	86.8	90.2	83.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,880	52,700	36,360	44,880	52,700	36,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,805	8,895	7,910	67.8	71.6	64.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,800	53,050	39,760	46,800	53,050	39,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,070	9,605	10,470	81.0	77.3	84.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,660	12,560	12,750	12,660	12,560	12,750
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,700	2,125	1,570	14.9	17.1	12.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,420	7,320	7,550	7,420	7,320	7,550
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,895	3,110	2,790	23.8	25.0	22.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,580	7,410	7,780	7,580	7,410	7,780
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	24,775	12,430	12,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,080	4,210	3,870	32.6	33.9	31.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400	73,500	49,600	60,400	73,500	49,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,800	78,100	56,600	67,800	78,100	56,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,470	3,275	3,190	26.1	26.3	25.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	27,000	18,800	22,400	27,000	18,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,800	37,600	25,800	31,800	37,600	25,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.2	83.0	73.8	79.2	83.0	73.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.6	66.4	62.0	64.6	66.4	62.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.8	17.0	26.3	20.8	17.0	26.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.4	3.7	5.4	4.4	3.7	5.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	3.2	4.3	3.7	3.2	4.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	24,745	12,435	12,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	555	255	295	2.2	2.1	2.4
With total income	24,190	12,175	12,015	97.8	97.9	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,615	590	1,030	6.7	4.8	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	2,735	900	1,830	11.3	7.4	15.2
$20,000 to $29,999	3,640	1,455	2,185	15.0	12.0	18.2
$30,000 to $39,999	3,170	1,450	1,720	13.1	11.9	14.3
$40,000 to $49,999	3,145	1,595	1,555	13.0	13.1	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	2,570	1,380	1,195	10.6	11.3	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	1,725	1,020	710	7.1	8.4	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	1,255	800	460	5.2	6.6	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,080	640	435	4.5	5.3	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	845	500	340	3.5	4.1	2.8
$100,000 and over	2,410	1,850	560	10.0	15.2	4.7
$100,000 to $149,999	1,980	1,535	450	8.2	12.6	3.7
$150,000 and over	430	310	115	1.8	2.5	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	24,745	12,435	12,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	550	255	295	2.2	2.1	2.4
With after-tax income	24,195	12,180	12,020	97.8	97.9	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,745	620	1,130	7.2	5.1	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	2,880	950	1,925	11.9	7.8	16.0
$20,000 to $29,999	4,280	1,745	2,535	17.7	14.3	21.1
$30,000 to $39,999	4,085	2,030	2,050	16.9	16.7	17.1
$40,000 to $49,999	3,630	1,965	1,670	15.0	16.1	13.9
$50,000 to $59,999	2,400	1,430	975	9.9	11.7	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	1,695	1,010	685	7.0	8.3	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	1,315	835	480	5.4	6.9	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	975	705	270	4.0	5.8	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	515	395	115	2.1	3.2	1.0
$100,000 and over	680	500	180	2.8	4.1	1.5
$100,000 to $124,999	465	360	110	1.9	3.0	0.9
$125,000 and over	220	145	75	0.9	1.2	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	24,745	12,435	12,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	7,940	3,525	4,415	32.1	28.3	35.9
With employment income	16,805	8,910	7,895	67.9	71.7	64.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,185	1,255	925	13.0	14.1	11.7
$5,000 to $9,999	1,190	520	670	7.1	5.8	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	1,910	815	1,090	11.4	9.1	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	1,650	690	955	9.8	7.7	12.1
$30,000 to $39,999	1,710	730	975	10.2	8.2	12.3
$40,000 to $49,999	1,635	695	940	9.7	7.8	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	1,370	725	645	8.2	8.1	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	940	580	355	5.6	6.5	4.5
$70,000 to $79,999	800	475	330	4.8	5.3	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	835	460	370	5.0	5.2	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	630	405	225	3.7	4.5	2.8
$100,000 and over	1,955	1,545	410	11.6	17.3	5.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,170	910	255	7.0	10.2	3.2
$125,000 and over	790	635	155	4.7	7.1	2.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	24,745	12,430	12,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,880	12,025	11,860	96.5	96.7	96.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	49,600	32,000	40,400	49,600	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,925	12,020	11,900	96.7	96.7	96.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	42,400	28,800	35,600	42,400	28,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,190	11,135	10,055	85.6	89.6	81.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	44,800	28,600	36,400	44,800	28,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,985	8,940	8,050	68.6	71.9	65.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	48,000	31,200	38,000	48,000	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,180	8,545	9,630	73.5	68.7	78.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,200	9,000	9,500	9,200	9,000	9,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,700	2,085	1,610	15.0	16.8	13.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,240	5,440	4,960	5,240	5,440	4,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	24,775	12,430	12,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,910	12,025	11,890	96.5	96.7	96.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,600	57,650	39,400	48,600	57,650	39,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,970	12,025	11,950	96.8	96.7	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,880	46,520	33,200	39,880	46,520	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,220	11,100	10,120	85.7	89.3	82.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,720	54,500	36,120	45,720	54,500	36,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,990	8,910	8,075	68.6	71.7	65.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,040	54,800	38,440	47,040	54,800	38,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,425	8,725	9,705	74.4	70.2	78.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,360	10,090	10,600	10,360	10,090	10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,825	2,185	1,650	15.4	17.6	13.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,170	6,750	7,740	7,170	6,750	7,740
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	24,775	12,430	12,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,050	4,200	3,845	32.5	33.8	31.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200	71,000	46,000	57,200	71,000	46,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,200	75,400	51,950	64,200	75,400	51,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,165	3,140	3,030	24.9	25.3	24.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,800	33,600	22,800	26,800	33,600	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,240	43,720	28,520	36,240	43,720	28,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.6	87.2	78.0	83.6	87.2	78.0
Employment income (%)	68.8	70.4	66.4	68.8	70.4	66.4
Government transfers (%)	16.4	12.7	22.0	16.4	12.7	22.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.4	2.1	2.7	2.4	2.1	2.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	13,780	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,900	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...	40,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	8,880	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	13,775	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,500	...	...	88,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,880	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,840	...	...	47,840	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,720	...	...	39,720	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	8,900	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,800	...	...	110,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	13,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	85	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	85	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	195	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	240	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	755	...	...	5.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	525	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	485	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	660	...	...	4.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	665	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	665	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,145	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,055	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	930	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	765	...	...	5.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	745	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,790	...	...	34.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,595	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,120	...	...	8.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,255	...	...	9.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	820	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	13,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	95	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	90	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	195	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	255	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	810	...	...	5.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	645	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	660	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	790	...	...	5.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	815	...	...	5.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	740	...	...	5.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,355	...	...	9.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,190	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,020	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	960	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	750	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,405	...	...	24.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,535	...	...	11.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	870	...	...	6.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	990	...	...	7.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	8,670	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,250	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,805	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	144,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,420	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	60,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	5,500	2,975	2,525	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200	45,600	32,400	39,200	45,600	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	38,800	30,000	34,800	38,800	30,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	8,665	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,200	...	...	92,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,185	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,700	...	...	96,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,785	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,400	...	...	152,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,500	...	...	124,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,445	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,800	...	...	74,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,600	...	...	65,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	5,470	2,920	2,550	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,960	52,700	40,440	46,960	52,700	40,440
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,080	42,800	34,880	39,080	42,800	34,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	29,200	14,690	14,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,330	2,715	2,620	18.3	18.5	18.1
0 to 5 years	1,555	805	755	5.3	5.5	5.2
18 to 64 years	17,555	8,810	8,740	60.1	60.0	60.2
65 years and over	6,310	3,165	3,150	21.6	21.5	21.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,220	1,415	1,810	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	590	300	290	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	165	90	75	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,560	735	825	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,065	375	690	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.0	9.6	12.5	11.0	9.6	12.5
0 to 17 years (%)	11.1	11.1	11.1	11.1	11.1	11.1
0 to 5 years (%)	10.6	10.8	10.4	10.6	10.8	10.4
18 to 64 years (%)	8.9	8.4	9.4	8.9	8.4	9.4
65 years and over (%)	16.9	11.8	22.0	16.9	11.8	22.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	26,795	13,560	13,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	4,620	2,350	2,270	17.2	17.3	17.2
0 to 5 years	1,365	695	665	5.1	5.1	5.0
18 to 64 years	16,120	8,165	7,955	60.2	60.2	60.1
65 years and over	6,050	3,040	3,010	22.6	22.4	22.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	600	320	275	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	50	25	25	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	15	10	5	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	490	280	210	...	...	...
65 years and over	60	10	45	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.2	2.4	2.1	2.2	2.4	2.1
0 to 17 years (%)	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.1
0 to 5 years (%)	1.0	1.2	0.8	1.0	1.2	0.8
18 to 64 years (%)	3.0	3.4	2.7	3.0	3.4	2.7
65 years and over (%)	0.9	0.5	1.4	0.9	0.5	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	29,200	14,690	14,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	15,215	7,375	7,840	52.1	50.2	54.1
In bottom decile	2,590	1,130	1,455	8.9	7.7	10.0
In second decile	3,055	1,410	1,645	10.5	9.6	11.3
In third decile	3,245	1,595	1,645	11.1	10.9	11.3
In fourth decile	3,285	1,630	1,655	11.3	11.1	11.4
In fifth decile	3,045	1,605	1,440	10.4	10.9	9.9
In top half of the distribution	13,980	7,315	6,665	47.9	49.8	45.9
In sixth decile	3,215	1,680	1,535	11.0	11.4	10.6
In seventh decile	3,065	1,590	1,470	10.5	10.8	10.1
In eighth decile	3,125	1,640	1,490	10.7	11.2	10.3
In ninth decile	2,915	1,550	1,360	10.0	10.6	9.4
In top decile	1,670	860	810	5.7	5.9	5.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	29,195	...	...	29,195	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.298	...	...	0.298	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.424	...	...	0.424	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.257	...	...	0.257	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	29,890	15,115	14,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
French only	24,100	11,880	12,215	80.6	78.6	82.7
English and French	5,680	3,165	2,510	19.0	20.9	17.0
Neither English nor French	80	45	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	29,890	15,115	14,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	210	120	90	0.7	0.8	0.6
French	29,385	14,825	14,560	98.3	98.1	98.5
English and French	215	125	90	0.7	0.8	0.6
Neither English nor French	85	45	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	29,890	15,115	14,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	29,635	14,970	14,665	99.1	99.0	99.3
Official languages	27,325	13,875	13,450	91.4	91.8	91.0
English	185	100	80	0.6	0.7	0.5
French	27,140	13,775	13,365	90.8	91.1	90.5
Non-official languages	2,315	1,100	1,215	7.7	7.3	8.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,090	975	1,115	7.0	6.5	7.5
Algonquian languages	2,040	950	1,095	6.8	6.3	7.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	2,040	950	1,095	6.8	6.3	7.4
Atikamekw	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	2,040	945	1,090	6.8	6.3	7.4
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	50	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	50	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	225	125	100	0.8	0.8	0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Merina	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	105	60	50	0.4	0.4	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	85	50	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	55	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	250	140	110	0.8	0.9	0.7
English and French	115	65	45	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	115	60	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	29,890	15,115	14,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	75	40	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
French	26,960	13,700	13,260	90.2	90.6	89.7
Non-official language	935	455	480	3.1	3.0	3.2
Indigenous³⁹	890	425	460	3.0	2.8	3.1
Non-Indigenous	40	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and French	415	210	200	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	1,390	650	740	4.7	4.3	5.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	100	45	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	29,890	15,115	14,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	29,560	14,955	14,605	98.9	98.9	98.8
Official languages	27,720	14,085	13,635	92.7	93.2	92.3
English	120	65	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
French	27,600	14,025	13,580	92.3	92.8	91.9
Non-official languages	1,835	870	970	6.1	5.8	6.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,780	835	945	6.0	5.5	6.4
Algonquian languages	1,745	815	935	5.8	5.4	6.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	1,745	815	935	5.8	5.4	6.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	1,745	815	935	5.8	5.4	6.3
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	60	40	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	25	20	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	330	155	170	1.1	1.0	1.2
English and French	70	40	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	235	100	135	0.8	0.7	0.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	29,890	15,115	14,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	28,265	14,340	13,925	94.6	94.9	94.2
English	335	170	170	1.1	1.1	1.2
French	905	420	485	3.0	2.8	3.3
Non-official language	305	155	155	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	220	105	115	0.7	0.7	0.8
Non-Indigenous	85	45	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	29,190	14,710	14,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	29,130	14,685	14,445	99.8	99.8	99.7
English	5,650	3,165	2,490	19.4	21.5	17.2
French	29,115	14,675	14,440	99.7	99.8	99.7
Non-official languages	2,870	1,305	1,565	9.8	8.9	10.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,285	1,055	1,230	7.8	7.2	8.5
Algonquian languages	2,240	1,030	1,210	7.7	7.0	8.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	2,240	1,030	1,210	7.7	7.0	8.4
Atikamekw	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	2,240	1,030	1,210	7.7	7.0	8.4
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	60	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	60	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	610	265	350	2.1	1.8	2.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	415	165	250	1.4	1.1	1.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	45	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
German	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	370	150	220	1.3	1.0	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	55	40	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Portuguese	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	310	120	190	1.1	0.8	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	30	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	29,195	14,715	14,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,630	1,715	1,915	12.4	11.7	13.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,515	1,660	1,855	12.0	11.3	12.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,745	1,275	1,470	9.4	8.7	10.2
Métis	665	340	330	2.3	2.3	2.3
Inuk (Inuit)	100	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	90	45	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-Indigenous identity	25,565	12,995	12,570	87.6	88.3	86.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	29,195	14,715	14,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,675	1,245	1,425	9.2	8.5	9.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	26,520	13,465	13,060	90.8	91.5	90.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	13,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	9,795	...	...	71.1	...	...
Renter	3,520	...	...	25.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	460	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	13,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	635	...	...	4.6	...	...
Not condominium	13,145	...	...	95.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	13,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	65	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	1,665	...	...	12.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,640	...	...	26.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,705	...	...	34.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,710	...	...	26.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	13,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,650	...	...	26.5	...	...
5 rooms	2,490	...	...	18.1	...	...
6 rooms	1,860	...	...	13.5	...	...
7 rooms	1,770	...	...	12.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,010	...	...	29.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	13,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	13,730	...	...	99.6	...	...
More than one person per room	50	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	13,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	13,640	...	...	99.0	...	...
Not suitable	140	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	13,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,995	...	...	21.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	7,050	...	...	51.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,400	...	...	10.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,430	...	...	10.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	270	...	...	2.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	315	...	...	2.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	150	...	...	1.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	170	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	13,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	12,715	...	...	92.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,065	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	13,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	8,435	...	...	61.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	5,125	...	...	37.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	215	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	13,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	420	...	...	3.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,530	...	...	11.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,045	...	...	14.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,190	...	...	15.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,390	...	...	24.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,485	...	...	18.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,305	...	...	9.5	...	...
85 years and over	405	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	12,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	11,910	...	...	92.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,020	...	...	7.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	970	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	13,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,115	...	...	15.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	930	...	...	6.7	...	...
Not suitable only	120	...	...	0.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	955	...	...	6.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	85	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	11,665	...	...	84.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	12,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	310	...	...	2.4	...	...
Not in core need	12,565	...	...	97.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,495	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.9	...	...	57.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	4.8	...	...	4.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.2	...	...	1.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	800	...	...	800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	896	...	...	896	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	150,000	...	...	150,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	162,200	...	...	162,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,450	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.1	...	...	16.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.1	...	...	16.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	612	...	...	612	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	626	...	...	626	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	460	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	336	...	...	336	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	328	...	...	328	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	29,195	14,710	14,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,595	1,785	1,810	12.3	12.1	12.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,560	1,770	1,785	12.2	12.0	12.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,115	1,535	1,585	10.7	10.4	10.9
Métis single ancestry	360	195	160	1.2	1.3	1.1
Inuit single ancestry	80	40	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,085	475	605	3.7	3.2	4.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,080	475	600	3.7	3.2	4.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,005	455	545	3.4	3.1	3.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	24,515	12,445	12,070	84.0	84.6	83.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	29,195	14,710	14,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	28,950	14,590	14,360	99.2	99.2	99.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	5,295	2,750	2,545	18.1	18.7	17.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	23,655	11,840	11,815	81.0	80.5	81.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	245	120	125	0.8	0.8	0.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	29,195	14,710	14,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	28,710	14,475	14,235	98.3	98.4	98.3
Immigrants⁸¹	335	145	190	1.1	1.0	1.3
Before 1980	55	40	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
1980 to 1990	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
1991 to 2000	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
2001 to 2010	115	35	80	0.4	0.2	0.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	120	45	80	0.4	0.3	0.6
2011 to 2015	75	25	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
2016 to 2021	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	145	90	55	0.5	0.6	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	335	140	190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	30	15	15	9.0	10.7	7.9
5 to 14 years	55	25	30	16.4	17.9	15.8
15 to 24 years	40	15	30	11.9	10.7	15.8
25 to 44 years	185	85	105	55.2	60.7	55.3
45 years and over	20	0	15	6.0	0.0	7.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	335	140	190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	45	10	40	13.4	7.1	21.1
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	15	0	15	4.5	0.0	7.9
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	10	4.5	0.0	5.3
Europe	135	75	65	40.3	53.6	34.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	65	35	35	19.4	25.0	18.4
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	3.0	7.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	15	10	10	4.5	7.1	5.3
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0	3.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	30	15	20	9.0	10.7	10.5
Africa	125	65	60	37.3	46.4	31.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	0	6.0	7.1	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	10	0	6.0	7.1	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	90	40	50	26.9	28.6	26.3
Asia	30	0	30	9.0	0.0	15.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	20	6.0	0.0	10.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	40	15	25	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	10	0	0	25.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	15	0	10	37.5	0.0	40.0
France	15	0	10	37.5	0.0	40.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	29,195	14,715	14,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	545	255	285	1.9	1.7	2.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	320	155	160	1.1	1.1	1.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	28,330	14,300	14,035	97.0	97.2	96.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	280	105	170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	135	50	80	48.2	47.6	47.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	80	40	40	28.6	38.1	23.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	55	15	35	19.6	14.3	20.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	120	45	75	42.9	42.9	44.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	30	10	15	10.7	9.5	8.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	280	105	170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	50	25	25	17.9	23.8	14.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	60	25	30	21.4	23.8	17.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	160	55	105	57.1	52.4	61.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	29,195	14,715	14,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	395	170	225	1.4	1.2	1.6
South Asian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Black	220	110	110	0.8	0.7	0.8
Filipino	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Arab	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southeast Asian	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	28,795	14,535	14,260	98.6	98.8	98.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	29,190	14,710	14,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	10,130	5,145	4,985	34.7	35.0	34.4
English	260	150	115	0.9	1.0	0.8
Irish	975	450	525	3.3	3.1	3.6
Scottish	425	235	190	1.5	1.6	1.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,295	2,700	2,595	18.1	18.4	17.9
German	160	55	100	0.5	0.4	0.7
Chinese	35	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italian	190	90	100	0.7	0.6	0.7
Indian (India)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Polish	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Québécois	4,830	2,415	2,415	16.5	16.4	16.7
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Filipino	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
French Canadian	3,120	1,580	1,545	10.7	10.7	10.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	810	435	380	2.8	3.0	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,170	510	660	4.0	3.5	4.6
Métis	440	220	220	1.5	1.5	1.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	200	100	100	0.7	0.7	0.7
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Acadian	560	290	265	1.9	2.0	1.8
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	35	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lebanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	375	195	185	1.3	1.3	1.3
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	335	165	175	1.1	1.1	1.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	45	35	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Haitian	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	80	40	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	170	105	65	0.6	0.7	0.4
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	120	55	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	85	50	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	85	30	55	0.3	0.2	0.4
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	2,310	1,125	1,185	7.9	7.6	8.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	95	40	55	0.3	0.3	0.4
Norman	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	65	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	29,195	14,710	14,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Christian	23,085	11,510	11,575	79.1	78.2	79.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,695	925	775	5.8	6.3	5.4
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	45	20	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Catholic	21,060	10,430	10,635	72.1	70.9	73.4
Christian Orthodox	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	75	35	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	90	45	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	40	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	80	40	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	5,930	3,110	2,815	20.3	21.1	19.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	28,915	14,570	14,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	26,390	13,355	13,040	91.3	91.7	90.9
Movers	2,520	1,215	1,305	8.7	8.3	9.1
Non-migrants	1,780	890	890	6.2	6.1	6.2
Migrants	740	325	420	2.6	2.2	2.9
Internal migrants	725	315	405	2.5	2.2	2.8
Intraprovincial migrants	720	315	400	2.5	2.2	2.8
Interprovincial migrants	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
External migrants	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	27,880	14,015	13,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	20,060	10,235	9,820	72.0	73.0	70.9
Movers	7,825	3,780	4,040	28.1	27.0	29.1
Non-migrants	4,140	1,995	2,150	14.8	14.2	15.5
Migrants	3,685	1,785	1,895	13.2	12.7	13.7
Internal migrants	3,555	1,720	1,830	12.8	12.3	13.2
Intraprovincial migrants	3,520	1,690	1,825	12.6	12.1	13.2
Interprovincial migrants	35	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
External migrants	125	65	65	0.4	0.5	0.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	24,775	12,430	12,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,035	3,780	3,250	28.4	30.4	26.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	17,745	8,655	9,090	71.6	69.6	73.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,655	7,860	7,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,340	1,850	1,495	21.3	23.5	19.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	12,310	6,015	6,300	78.6	76.5	80.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	24,775	12,430	12,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,045	3,065	2,980	24.4	24.7	24.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,235	2,420	2,810	21.1	19.5	22.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,495	6,945	6,555	54.5	55.9	53.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10,685	5,830	4,855	43.1	46.9	39.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,420	3,735	1,685	21.9	30.0	13.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,810	2,365	1,450	15.4	19.0	11.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,610	1,375	235	6.5	11.1	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,620	1,890	2,730	18.6	15.2	22.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	640	200	440	2.6	1.6	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,815	1,115	1,705	11.4	9.0	13.8
Bachelor's degree	2,145	870	1,275	8.7	7.0	10.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	160	50	110	0.6	0.4	0.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	105	45	60	0.4	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	325	100	225	1.3	0.8	1.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	80	45	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,650	7,860	7,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,640	1,370	1,275	16.9	17.4	16.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,650	1,295	1,355	16.9	16.5	17.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,360	5,195	5,170	66.2	66.1	66.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,040	4,350	3,685	51.4	55.3	47.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,155	2,855	1,300	26.5	36.3	16.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,935	1,800	1,135	18.8	22.9	14.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,215	1,055	165	7.8	13.4	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,455	1,370	2,080	22.1	17.4	26.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	430	130	300	2.7	1.7	3.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,325	840	1,485	14.9	10.7	19.1
Bachelor's degree	1,730	655	1,075	11.1	8.3	13.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	150	45	105	1.0	0.6	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	85	30	55	0.5	0.4	0.7
Master's degree	290	70	220	1.9	0.9	2.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	70	45	25	0.4	0.6	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	24,775	12,430	12,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,280	5,490	5,785	45.5	44.2	46.9
Education	1,135	230	905	4.6	1.9	7.3
13. Education	1,135	230	905	4.6	1.9	7.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	160	80	75	0.6	0.6	0.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	115	55	60	0.5	0.4	0.5
Humanities	480	170	310	1.9	1.4	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	320	100	225	1.3	0.8	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	35	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	740	175	565	3.0	1.4	4.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	60	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	240	10	235	1.0	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	110	35	80	0.4	0.3	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	185	40	145	0.7	0.3	1.2
45. Social sciences	125	65	55	0.5	0.5	0.4
Business, management and public administration	2,535	600	1,930	10.2	4.8	15.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	190	25	170	0.8	0.2	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,340	580	1,765	9.4	4.7	14.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	285	150	135	1.2	1.2	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	105	55	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	70	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
40. Physical sciences	75	50	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	175	105	70	0.7	0.8	0.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	130	90	40	0.5	0.7	0.3
25. Library science	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,195	3,845	345	16.9	30.9	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	270	210	65	1.1	1.7	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	840	690	145	3.4	5.6	1.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,095	1,050	50	4.4	8.4	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,170	1,130	35	4.7	9.1	0.3
48. Precision production	755	730	20	3.0	5.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	540	375	170	2.2	3.0	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	100	40	60	0.4	0.3	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	440	330	115	1.8	2.7	0.9
Health and related fields	1,800	330	1,475	7.3	2.7	11.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	125	90	35	0.5	0.7	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,645	225	1,415	6.6	1.8	11.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,440	875	565	5.8	7.0	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	535	95	435	2.2	0.8	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	290	190	95	1.2	1.5	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	615	585	30	2.5	4.7	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,650	7,860	7,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,290	2,665	2,625	33.8	33.9	33.7
Education	810	145	660	5.2	1.8	8.5
13. Education	810	145	660	5.2	1.8	8.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	115	70	50	0.7	0.9	0.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	20	10	0.1	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	95	50	45	0.6	0.6	0.6
Humanities	310	100	210	2.0	1.3	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	195	45	150	1.2	0.6	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	30	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
54. History	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	610	130	485	3.9	1.7	6.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	55	15	35	0.4	0.2	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	210	10	200	1.3	0.1	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	75	10	65	0.5	0.1	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	165	35	130	1.1	0.4	1.7
45. Social sciences	95	55	45	0.6	0.7	0.6
Business, management and public administration	2,075	475	1,600	13.3	6.0	20.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	165	15	150	1.1	0.2	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,910	455	1,450	12.2	5.8	18.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	185	95	85	1.2	1.2	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	100	60	50	0.6	0.8	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	130	70	60	0.8	0.9	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	105	65	40	0.7	0.8	0.5
25. Library science	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,120	2,830	290	19.9	36.0	3.7
04. Architecture and related services	60	30	30	0.4	0.4	0.4
14. Engineering	220	160	60	1.4	2.0	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	645	525	125	4.1	6.7	1.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	835	800	35	5.3	10.2	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	840	815	20	5.4	10.4	0.3
48. Precision production	515	495	20	3.3	6.3	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	395	280	110	2.5	3.6	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	60	25	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	335	260	75	2.1	3.3	1.0
Health and related fields	1,375	240	1,125	8.8	3.1	14.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	65	50	20	0.4	0.6	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,275	180	1,095	8.1	2.3	14.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,245	765	480	8.0	9.7	6.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	450	75	375	2.9	1.0	4.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	245	170	80	1.6	2.2	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	540	515	25	3.5	6.6	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	15,650	7,860	7,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,290	2,665	2,625	33.8	33.9	33.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	10,365	5,195	5,165	66.2	66.1	66.3
Location of study inside Canada	10,225	5,130	5,100	65.3	65.3	65.5
Same as province or territory of residence	10,135	5,090	5,045	64.8	64.8	64.8
Different than province or territory of residence	90	40	55	0.6	0.5	0.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	135	70	65	0.9	0.9	0.8
Americas	35	20	20	0.2	0.3	0.3
United States of America	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Europe	60	40	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	55	30	25	0.4	0.4	0.3
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Asia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	24,775	12,430	12,345	...	...	...
In the labour force	14,520	7,460	7,060	...	...	...
Employed	13,600	6,900	6,700	...	...	...
Unemployed	920	560	360	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	10,255	4,970	5,285	...	...	...
Participation rate	58.6	60.0	57.2	58.6	60.0	57.2
Employment rate	54.9	55.5	54.3	54.9	55.5	54.3
Unemployment rate	6.3	7.5	5.1	6.3	7.5	5.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	24,775	12,430	12,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	9,845	4,715	5,135	39.7	37.9	41.6
Worked	14,930	7,720	7,215	60.3	62.1	58.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	8,270	4,335	3,935	33.4	34.9	31.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	6,660	3,380	3,280	26.9	27.2	26.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	41.7	41.9	41.8	41.7	41.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	14,515	7,460	7,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	240	135	105	1.7	1.8	1.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	14,280	7,325	6,955	98.4	98.2	98.5
Employee	13,225	6,775	6,450	91.1	90.8	91.4
Permanent position	10,505	5,340	5,170	72.4	71.6	73.2
Temporary position	2,720	1,445	1,280	18.7	19.4	18.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	725	265	465	5.0	3.6	6.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,995	1,175	820	13.7	15.8	11.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,050	545	505	7.2	7.3	7.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	14,515	7,460	7,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	240	135	105	1.7	1.8	1.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	14,280	7,325	6,955	98.4	98.2	98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	170	95	70	1.2	1.3	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,970	475	1,495	13.6	6.4	21.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	860	640	220	5.9	8.6	3.1
3 Health occupations	1,305	180	1,130	9.0	2.4	16.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,990	500	1,490	13.7	6.7	21.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	200	115	85	1.4	1.5	1.2
6 Sales and service occupations	3,645	1,555	2,085	25.1	20.8	29.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,010	2,825	185	20.7	37.9	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	235	180	55	1.6	2.4	0.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	895	760	130	6.2	10.2	1.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	14,515	7,460	7,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	240	135	105	1.7	1.8	1.5
All industries¹⁹¹	14,280	7,325	6,955	98.4	98.2	98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	215	150	65	1.5	2.0	0.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	155	140	15	1.1	1.9	0.2
22 Utilities	795	620	170	5.5	8.3	2.4
23 Construction	1,005	875	130	6.9	11.7	1.8
31-33 Manufacturing	1,505	1,275	225	10.4	17.1	3.2
41 Wholesale trade	210	155	55	1.4	2.1	0.8
44-45 Retail trade	1,785	810	980	12.3	10.9	13.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	590	470	125	4.1	6.3	1.8
51 Information and cultural industries	130	60	70	0.9	0.8	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	260	85	175	1.8	1.1	2.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	175	115	60	1.2	1.5	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	550	260	285	3.8	3.5	4.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	515	290	220	3.5	3.9	3.1
61 Educational services	1,100	340	765	7.6	4.6	10.8
62 Health care and social assistance	2,650	460	2,185	18.3	6.2	30.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	190	100	90	1.3	1.3	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	740	270	470	5.1	3.6	6.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	605	300	300	4.2	4.0	4.2
91 Public administration	1,110	530	580	7.6	7.1	8.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	15,770	8,115	7,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	40	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
French	14,300	7,375	6,925	90.7	90.9	90.6
Non-official language	185	100	90	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	185	100	90	1.2	1.2	1.2
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	690	395	290	4.4	4.9	3.8
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	515	210	310	3.3	2.6	4.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	15,770	8,115	7,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	15,595	8,020	7,575	98.9	98.8	99.1
Official languages	15,115	7,805	7,310	95.8	96.2	95.6
English	80	50	30	0.5	0.6	0.4
French	15,035	7,755	7,280	95.3	95.6	95.2
Non-official languages	480	215	270	3.0	2.6	3.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	480	215	270	3.0	2.6	3.5
Algonquian languages	470	210	265	3.0	2.6	3.5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	470	210	265	3.0	2.6	3.5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	470	210	265	3.0	2.6	3.5
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	175	100	70	1.1	1.2	0.9
English and French	65	45	15	0.4	0.6	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	105	45	60	0.7	0.6	0.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	15,770	8,115	7,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	14,695	7,600	7,100	93.2	93.7	92.9
English	585	325	265	3.7	4.0	3.5
French	325	130	195	2.1	1.6	2.6
Non-official language	130	60	70	0.8	0.7	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	130	60	70	0.8	0.7	0.9
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	10	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	13,600	6,900	6,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	1,215	520	695	8.9	7.5	10.4
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No fixed workplace address	1,275	960	315	9.4	13.9	4.7
Usual place of work	11,105	5,415	5,690	81.7	78.5	85.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	11,105	5,415	5,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,180	3,795	4,380	73.7	70.1	77.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,220	1,165	1,055	20.0	21.5	18.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	695	460	235	6.3	8.5	4.1
Commute to a different province or territory	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	12,380	6,375	6,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	11,545	5,975	5,565	93.3	93.7	92.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	10,955	5,690	5,265	88.5	89.3	87.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	585	290	295	4.7	4.5	4.9
Public transit	90	30	60	0.7	0.5	1.0
Walked	540	250	290	4.4	3.9	4.8
Bicycle	50	35	15	0.4	0.5	0.2
Other method	160	85	70	1.3	1.3	1.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	12,380	6,375	6,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	7,075	3,210	3,865	57.1	50.4	64.4
15 to 29 minutes	4,055	2,305	1,750	32.8	36.2	29.1
30 to 44 minutes	800	520	280	6.5	8.2	4.7
45 to 59 minutes	150	90	55	1.2	1.4	0.9
60 minutes and over	300	250	50	2.4	3.9	0.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	12,380	6,375	6,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	510	395	115	4.1	6.2	1.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,140	1,605	535	17.3	25.2	8.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,830	2,290	2,545	39.0	35.9	42.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,670	1,075	1,595	21.6	16.9	26.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	675	190	485	5.5	3.0	8.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,555	820	735	12.6	12.9	12.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	5,440	2,765	2,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	380	195	185	7.0	7.1	6.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,060	2,570	2,490	93.0	92.9	93.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,060	2,045	2,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	295	155	135	7.3	7.6	6.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	215	120	100	5.3	5.9	5.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	75	35	40	1.8	1.7	2.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,765	1,890	1,875	92.7	92.4	93.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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