Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Louis-Saint-LaurentMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	123,123	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	117,238	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	57,076	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	54,876	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	892.2	...	...	892.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	138.01	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	123,125	60,055	63,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20,845	10,675	10,170	16.9	17.8	16.1
0 to 4 years	6,250	3,205	3,045	5.1	5.3	4.8
5 to 9 years	7,415	3,815	3,600	6.0	6.4	5.7
10 to 14 years	7,180	3,650	3,525	5.8	6.1	5.6
15 to 64 years	76,260	37,960	38,305	61.9	63.2	60.7
15 to 19 years	6,005	3,060	2,945	4.9	5.1	4.7
20 to 24 years	5,940	3,070	2,865	4.8	5.1	4.5
25 to 29 years	7,430	3,740	3,690	6.0	6.2	5.9
30 to 34 years	7,600	3,830	3,770	6.2	6.4	6.0
35 to 39 years	8,160	4,045	4,115	6.6	6.7	6.5
40 to 44 years	8,815	4,370	4,445	7.2	7.3	7.0
45 to 49 years	7,595	3,825	3,765	6.2	6.4	6.0
50 to 54 years	7,460	3,670	3,795	6.1	6.1	6.0
55 to 59 years	8,860	4,325	4,540	7.2	7.2	7.2
60 to 64 years	8,395	4,025	4,370	6.8	6.7	6.9
65 years and over	26,015	11,420	14,590	21.1	19.0	23.1
65 to 69 years	7,530	3,410	4,115	6.1	5.7	6.5
70 to 74 years	6,835	3,105	3,730	5.6	5.2	5.9
75 to 79 years	5,425	2,420	3,005	4.4	4.0	4.8
80 to 84 years	3,310	1,380	1,930	2.7	2.3	3.1
85 years and over	2,915	1,105	1,810	2.4	1.8	2.9
85 to 89 years	1,965	755	1,210	1.6	1.3	1.9
90 to 94 years	765	285	480	0.6	0.5	0.8
95 to 99 years	175	70	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.9	17.8	16.1	16.9	17.8	16.1
15 to 64 years	61.9	63.2	60.7	61.9	63.2	60.7
65 years and over	21.1	19.0	23.1	21.1	19.0	23.1
85 years and over	2.4	1.8	2.9	2.4	1.8	2.9
Average age of the population	42.8	41.6	44.0	42.8	41.6	44.0
Median age of the population	43.2	42.0	44.4	43.2	42.0	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	54,875	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	23,850	...	...	43.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,565	...	...	8.3	...	...
Row house	2,385	...	...	4.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,780	...	...	5.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	20,345	...	...	37.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	805	...	...	1.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	115	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	25	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	54,875	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	18,185	...	...	33.1	...	...
2 persons	20,625	...	...	37.6	...	...
3 persons	7,010	...	...	12.8	...	...
4 persons	6,490	...	...	11.8	...	...
5 or more persons	2,565	...	...	4.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	120,165	59,125	61,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	102,275	49,385	52,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	61,840	30,855	30,990	60.5	62.5	58.6
Married	30,785	15,330	15,455	30.1	31.0	29.2
Living common-law	31,055	15,520	15,530	30.4	31.4	29.4
Living common law - Never married	25,685	12,790	12,895	25.1	25.9	24.4
Living common law - Separated	225	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	4,590	2,370	2,220	4.5	4.8	4.2
Living common law - Widowed	555	250	305	0.5	0.5	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	40,435	18,525	21,910	39.5	37.5	41.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	27,655	14,545	13,115	27.0	29.5	24.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,245	540	705	1.2	1.1	1.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,255	2,240	4,020	6.1	4.5	7.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,275	1,205	4,075	5.2	2.4	7.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	35,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	20,075	...	...	56.6	...	...
3 persons	6,765	...	...	19.1	...	...
4 persons	6,340	...	...	17.9	...	...
5 or more persons	2,300	...	...	6.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	35,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	30,320	...	...	85.5	...	...
Married couples	14,805	...	...	41.7	...	...
With children⁶	5,420	...	...	15.3	...	...
Without children	9,385	...	...	26.5	...	...
Common-law couples	15,515	...	...	43.7	...	...
With children⁶	7,865	...	...	22.2	...	...
Without children	7,655	...	...	21.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,155	...	...	14.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,590	...	...	10.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,565	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	120,165	59,125	61,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	97,940	48,815	49,120	81.5	82.6	80.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	60,645	30,320	30,330	50.5	51.3	49.7
Parents in one-parent families	5,155	1,560	3,590	4.3	2.6	5.9
Children⁶	32,135	16,930	15,200	26.7	28.6	24.9
In a two-parent family	24,405	12,745	11,665	20.3	21.6	19.1
In a one-parent family	7,730	4,190	3,540	6.4	7.1	5.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,230	10,310	11,915	18.5	17.4	19.5
Living alone	18,185	8,075	10,115	15.1	13.7	16.6
Living with other relatives⁷	1,455	660	790	1.2	1.1	1.3
Living with non-relatives only	2,590	1,575	1,015	2.2	2.7	1.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	54,875	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	34,210	...	...	62.3	...	...
Couple-family households	29,480	...	...	53.7	...	...
With children⁶	12,895	...	...	23.5	...	...
Without children	16,580	...	...	30.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,730	...	...	8.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	360	...	...	0.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	75	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	620	...	...	1.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,425	...	...	2.6	...	...
One-person households	18,185	...	...	33.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	99,335	48,455	50,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	97,885	47,755	50,130	98.5	98.6	98.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000	54,000	43,200	48,000	54,000	43,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	97,910	47,770	50,145	98.6	98.6	98.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	46,000	38,000	41,600	46,000	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	92,130	45,790	46,340	92.7	94.5	91.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	48,400	34,400	40,800	48,400	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,135	38,155	35,980	74.6	78.7	70.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	50,400	39,600	44,400	50,400	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,505	34,980	42,520	78.0	72.2	83.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,400	9,100	11,400	10,400	9,100	11,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,600	5,400	5,205	10.7	11.1	10.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,240	5,720	5,480	5,240	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,155	12,425	11,725	24.3	25.6	23.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,000	6,000	6,000	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	99,385	48,435	50,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	97,955	47,785	50,170	98.6	98.7	98.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,450	60,950	48,280	54,450	60,950	48,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	97,975	47,805	50,175	98.6	98.7	98.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	49,200	40,640	44,800	49,200	40,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	92,370	45,745	46,625	92.9	94.4	91.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,080	55,550	40,760	48,080	55,550	40,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,210	38,115	36,095	74.7	78.7	70.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,320	54,650	43,720	49,320	54,650	43,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,495	35,160	42,335	78.0	72.6	83.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,550	10,600	12,340	11,550	10,600	12,340
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,770	5,570	5,200	10.8	11.5	10.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,050	5,725	8,460	7,050	5,725	8,460
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,095	12,635	11,460	24.2	26.1	22.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,390	7,000	7,820	7,390	7,000	7,820
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	99,385	48,435	50,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	40,015	21,165	18,855	40.3	43.7	37.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	67,000	56,400	62,000	67,000	56,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,900	75,100	62,050	68,900	75,100	62,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,390	13,180	14,205	27.6	27.2	27.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	23,800	18,000	20,400	23,800	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,360	33,080	25,920	29,360	33,080	25,920
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.2	87.2	78.4	83.2	87.2	78.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.6	71.6	65.2	68.6	71.6	65.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.8	12.8	21.6	16.8	12.8	21.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.1	1.8	1.4	1.1	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.0	3.5	4.6	4.0	3.5	4.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.3	3.0	3.7	3.3	3.0	3.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	99,335	48,455	50,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,450	700	745	1.5	1.4	1.5
With total income	97,890	47,755	50,130	98.5	98.6	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,080	2,115	2,965	5.2	4.4	5.9
$10,000 to $19,999	9,225	3,270	5,950	9.4	6.8	11.9
$20,000 to $29,999	12,230	4,915	7,315	12.5	10.3	14.6
$30,000 to $39,999	11,790	5,095	6,695	12.0	10.7	13.4
$40,000 to $49,999	13,095	6,005	7,085	13.4	12.6	14.1
$50,000 to $59,999	12,135	5,985	6,150	12.4	12.5	12.3
$60,000 to $69,999	9,570	5,325	4,245	9.8	11.2	8.5
$70,000 to $79,999	7,200	4,250	2,945	7.4	8.9	5.9
$80,000 to $89,999	5,430	3,075	2,360	5.5	6.4	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	3,855	2,200	1,660	3.9	4.6	3.3
$100,000 and over	8,270	5,520	2,745	8.4	11.6	5.5
$100,000 to $149,999	6,365	4,110	2,255	6.5	8.6	4.5
$150,000 and over	1,900	1,405	490	1.9	2.9	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	99,335	48,455	50,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,425	685	740	1.4	1.4	1.5
With after-tax income	97,910	47,770	50,140	98.6	98.6	98.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,695	2,230	3,470	5.8	4.7	6.9
$10,000 to $19,999	9,755	3,565	6,195	10.0	7.5	12.4
$20,000 to $29,999	14,575	5,935	8,635	14.9	12.4	17.2
$30,000 to $39,999	16,100	7,305	8,795	16.4	15.3	17.5
$40,000 to $49,999	16,585	8,280	8,305	16.9	17.3	16.6
$50,000 to $59,999	13,190	7,405	5,785	13.5	15.5	11.5
$60,000 to $69,999	8,705	4,930	3,770	8.9	10.3	7.5
$70,000 to $79,999	5,635	3,120	2,515	5.8	6.5	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	3,075	1,840	1,240	3.1	3.9	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,680	1,090	590	1.7	2.3	1.2
$100,000 and over	2,915	2,075	845	3.0	4.3	1.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,730	1,200	530	1.8	2.5	1.1
$125,000 and over	1,190	875	310	1.2	1.8	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	99,335	48,455	50,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	25,200	10,300	14,905	25.4	21.3	29.3
With employment income	74,135	38,160	35,975	74.6	78.8	70.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,895	4,125	3,770	10.6	10.8	10.5
$5,000 to $9,999	4,925	2,085	2,840	6.6	5.5	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	7,525	3,265	4,260	10.2	8.6	11.8
$20,000 to $29,999	6,250	2,760	3,485	8.4	7.2	9.7
$30,000 to $39,999	6,870	3,085	3,785	9.3	8.1	10.5
$40,000 to $49,999	8,160	3,655	4,500	11.0	9.6	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	7,785	4,050	3,730	10.5	10.6	10.4
$60,000 to $69,999	6,215	3,610	2,605	8.4	9.5	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	5,155	3,100	2,055	7.0	8.1	5.7
$80,000 to $89,999	4,260	2,345	1,920	5.7	6.1	5.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,850	1,740	1,115	3.8	4.6	3.1
$100,000 and over	6,235	4,325	1,915	8.4	11.3	5.3
$100,000 to $124,999	3,475	2,300	1,180	4.7	6.0	3.3
$125,000 and over	2,760	2,020	740	3.7	5.3	2.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	99,335	48,455	50,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	96,760	47,210	49,555	97.4	97.4	97.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	52,400	40,800	46,000	52,400	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	96,820	47,210	49,610	97.5	97.4	97.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,400	36,000	40,000	44,400	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,130	45,335	45,790	91.7	93.6	90.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	48,400	35,200	41,200	48,400	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,605	38,300	36,305	75.1	79.0	71.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	50,000	39,200	44,000	50,000	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,295	30,930	39,365	70.8	63.8	77.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,800	5,560	8,900	7,800	5,560	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,740	5,130	4,615	9.8	10.6	9.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,680	4,160	5,560	4,680	4,160	5,560
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	99,385	48,435	50,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	96,900	47,195	49,710	97.5	97.4	97.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,150	59,250	45,400	52,150	59,250	45,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	96,920	47,195	49,725	97.5	97.4	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,880	47,760	38,240	42,880	47,760	38,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,295	45,255	46,045	91.9	93.4	90.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,240	56,200	40,400	48,240	56,200	40,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,580	38,190	36,390	75.0	78.8	71.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,000	54,850	42,880	49,000	54,850	42,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,160	30,875	39,290	70.6	63.7	77.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,270	8,190	10,120	9,270	8,190	10,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,965	5,220	4,750	10.0	10.8	9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,060	4,904	9,430	7,060	4,904	9,430
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	99,385	48,435	50,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	39,870	21,065	18,805	40.1	43.5	36.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	65,000	52,800	58,800	65,000	52,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,100	71,900	57,550	65,100	71,900	57,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,100	12,535	13,565	26.3	25.9	26.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,400	30,200	22,600	26,400	30,200	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,160	38,560	30,080	34,160	38,560	30,080
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.2	91.0	82.4	87.2	91.0	82.4
Employment income (%)	72.4	75.0	69.2	72.4	75.0	69.2
Government transfers (%)	12.9	9.0	17.6	12.9	9.0	17.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	0.9	2.0	1.4	0.9	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	54,880	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	18,185	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...	46,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	40,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	36,690	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	54,865	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,200	...	...	97,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	18,150	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,050	...	...	52,050	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,360	...	...	43,360	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	36,715	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,600	...	...	119,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,200	...	...	98,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	54,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	260	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	175	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	390	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	630	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,025	...	...	3.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,490	...	...	2.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,535	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,120	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,290	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,365	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,690	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,430	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,070	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,745	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,385	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	21,280	...	...	38.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,360	...	...	13.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,050	...	...	9.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,495	...	...	10.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,375	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	54,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	300	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	190	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	400	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	680	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,150	...	...	3.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,960	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,180	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,825	...	...	5.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,000	...	...	5.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,980	...	...	5.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,650	...	...	10.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,015	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,535	...	...	8.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,230	...	...	7.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,730	...	...	6.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,040	...	...	27.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,780	...	...	12.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,095	...	...	7.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,170	...	...	7.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	35,630	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	16,675	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,310	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...	143,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,065	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	20,770	9,645	11,125	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,600	50,000	42,400	45,600	50,000	42,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	42,400	37,200	39,600	42,400	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	35,650	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,900	...	...	119,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,400	...	...	98,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,710	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,700	...	...	102,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,900	...	...	84,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,335	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,200	...	...	156,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,400	...	...	126,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,015	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,500	...	...	82,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,800	...	...	69,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	20,735	9,660	11,075	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,080	55,000	47,640	51,080	55,000	47,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,600	45,000	40,480	42,600	45,000	40,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	120,165	59,125	61,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,530	12,545	11,985	20.4	21.2	19.6
0 to 5 years	7,655	3,915	3,740	6.4	6.6	6.1
18 to 64 years	72,445	36,025	36,415	60.3	60.9	59.7
65 years and over	23,195	10,555	12,640	19.3	17.9	20.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,685	3,230	4,450	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,190	610	585	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	405	210	195	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,500	1,710	1,790	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,995	915	2,080	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.4	5.5	7.3	6.4	5.5	7.3
0 to 17 years (%)	4.9	4.8	4.9	4.9	4.8	4.9
0 to 5 years (%)	5.3	5.3	5.2	5.3	5.3	5.2
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	4.8	4.9	4.8	4.8	4.9
65 years and over (%)	12.9	8.7	16.5	12.9	8.7	16.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	117,975	58,020	59,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,145	12,340	11,800	20.5	21.3	19.7
0 to 5 years	7,530	3,835	3,690	6.4	6.6	6.2
18 to 64 years	71,100	35,340	35,760	60.3	60.9	59.6
65 years and over	22,735	10,335	12,400	19.3	17.8	20.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,520	1,620	1,900	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	510	270	240	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	165	85	75	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,200	1,130	1,075	...	...	...
65 years and over	810	220	585	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.0	2.8	3.2	3.0	2.8	3.2
0 to 17 years (%)	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.1	2.2	2.1
0 to 5 years (%)	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.1	2.2	2.1
18 to 64 years (%)	3.1	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.2	3.0
65 years and over (%)	3.6	2.2	4.7	3.6	2.2	4.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	120,165	59,125	61,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	55,940	26,355	29,590	46.6	44.6	48.5
In bottom decile	6,180	2,675	3,500	5.1	4.5	5.7
In second decile	9,140	4,085	5,050	7.6	6.9	8.3
In third decile	11,945	5,565	6,380	9.9	9.4	10.5
In fourth decile	13,845	6,655	7,190	11.5	11.3	11.8
In fifth decile	14,840	7,370	7,470	12.3	12.5	12.2
In top half of the distribution	64,225	32,770	31,450	53.4	55.4	51.5
In sixth decile	15,825	8,040	7,785	13.2	13.6	12.8
In seventh decile	15,865	8,080	7,785	13.2	13.7	12.8
In eighth decile	14,240	7,265	6,980	11.9	12.3	11.4
In ninth decile	11,045	5,615	5,430	9.2	9.5	8.9
In top decile	7,255	3,780	3,475	6.0	6.4	5.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	120,165	...	...	120,165	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.269	...	...	0.269	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.366	...	...	0.366	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.233	...	...	0.233	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	121,985	59,725	62,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	255	145	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
French only	73,045	32,910	40,130	59.9	55.1	64.5
English and French	48,470	26,580	21,890	39.7	44.5	35.2
Neither English nor French	215	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	121,985	59,725	62,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,785	970	815	1.5	1.6	1.3
French	118,860	58,050	60,810	97.4	97.2	97.7
English and French	1,155	630	525	0.9	1.1	0.8
Neither English nor French	185	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	121,985	59,725	62,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	120,305	58,850	61,450	98.6	98.5	98.7
Official languages	115,675	56,635	59,035	94.8	94.8	94.8
English	1,560	850	705	1.3	1.4	1.1
French	114,115	55,785	58,335	93.5	93.4	93.7
Non-official languages	4,625	2,215	2,410	3.8	3.7	3.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	230	90	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	225	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	220	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Atikamekw	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	190	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,395	2,120	2,275	3.6	3.5	3.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	990	545	445	0.8	0.9	0.7
Berber languages	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	830	460	375	0.7	0.8	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	830	455	370	0.7	0.8	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	170	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,420	1,125	1,290	2.0	1.9	2.1
Albanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	345	165	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	345	165	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	105	25	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	80	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	80	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,880	885	990	1.5	1.5	1.6
Catalan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	455	220	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	165	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,200	565	635	1.0	0.9	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	425	200	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	60	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	165	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	165	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hakka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,685	875	810	1.4	1.5	1.3
English and French	940	495	445	0.8	0.8	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	600	310	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	121,985	59,725	62,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	740	405	335	0.6	0.7	0.5
French	111,630	54,330	57,300	91.5	91.0	92.0
Non-official language	1,175	560	610	1.0	0.9	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,110	540	575	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	4,580	2,560	2,015	3.8	4.3	3.2
English and non-official language(s)	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	2,895	1,400	1,500	2.4	2.3	2.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	845	415	430	0.7	0.7	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	121,985	59,725	62,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	120,245	58,855	61,385	98.6	98.5	98.6
Official languages	117,855	57,705	60,150	96.6	96.6	96.6
English	1,265	690	575	1.0	1.2	0.9
French	116,590	57,015	59,575	95.6	95.5	95.7
Non-official languages	2,390	1,150	1,240	2.0	1.9	2.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	125	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	125	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	115	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,265	1,105	1,155	1.9	1.9	1.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	375	200	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	320	170	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	320	170	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,460	700	760	1.2	1.2	1.2
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	190	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	190	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,210	580	630	1.0	1.0	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	320	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	805	385	420	0.7	0.6	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	95	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,740	870	875	1.4	1.5	1.4
English and French	835	445	390	0.7	0.7	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	795	365	425	0.7	0.6	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	121,985	59,725	62,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	115,030	56,045	58,990	94.3	93.8	94.7
English	3,500	1,950	1,540	2.9	3.3	2.5
French	1,405	725	685	1.2	1.2	1.1
Non-official language	1,345	650	695	1.1	1.1	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,275	620	655	1.0	1.0	1.1
English and French	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	365	190	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	120,150	59,095	61,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	119,950	59,005	60,945	99.8	99.8	99.8
English	48,615	26,705	21,910	40.5	45.2	35.9
French	119,640	58,820	60,820	99.6	99.5	99.6
Non-official languages	9,190	4,265	4,925	7.6	7.2	8.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	430	195	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages	415	190	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	395	180	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Atikamekw	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	345	160	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Naskapi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,775	4,075	4,700	7.3	6.9	7.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,520	830	690	1.3	1.4	1.1
Berber languages	180	120	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kabyle	160	105	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamazight	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hausa	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,370	740	635	1.1	1.3	1.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,360	730	625	1.1	1.2	1.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,415	2,405	3,010	4.5	4.1	4.9
Albanian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	440	225	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	440	225	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	205	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	135	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	410	185	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	375	170	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	370	170	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,700	2,055	2,645	3.9	3.5	4.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	285	130	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	550	290	260	0.5	0.5	0.4
Romanian	250	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	3,865	1,640	2,225	3.2	2.8	3.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	995	475	515	0.8	0.8	0.8
Akan (Twi)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	210	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	260	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	280	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	280	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	120,150	59,100	61,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,130	1,985	2,150	3.4	3.4	3.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,985	1,915	2,070	3.3	3.2	3.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,120	1,520	1,600	2.6	2.6	2.6
Métis	815	390	430	0.7	0.7	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	116,020	57,110	58,905	96.6	96.6	96.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	120,150	59,100	61,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,605	1,280	1,330	2.2	2.2	2.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	117,545	57,820	59,725	97.8	97.8	97.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	54,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	34,870	...	...	63.6	...	...
Renter	19,920	...	...	36.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	80	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	54,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	9,670	...	...	17.6	...	...
Not condominium	45,195	...	...	82.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	54,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	190	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	7,185	...	...	13.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	19,075	...	...	34.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	17,660	...	...	32.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,755	...	...	19.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	54,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	20,065	...	...	36.6	...	...
5 rooms	8,115	...	...	14.8	...	...
6 rooms	5,825	...	...	10.6	...	...
7 rooms	6,405	...	...	11.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,455	...	...	26.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	54,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	54,645	...	...	99.6	...	...
More than one person per room	220	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	54,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	53,960	...	...	98.4	...	...
Not suitable	905	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	54,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,935	...	...	7.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,130	...	...	29.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,375	...	...	15.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,640	...	...	13.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,430	...	...	6.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,775	...	...	10.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,200	...	...	9.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,390	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	54,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	52,785	...	...	96.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,080	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	54,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	28,750	...	...	52.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	25,510	...	...	46.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	605	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	54,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,635	...	...	3.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,870	...	...	14.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	10,060	...	...	18.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,345	...	...	17.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,585	...	...	19.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,965	...	...	16.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,185	...	...	9.5	...	...
85 years and over	1,205	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	53,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	47,015	...	...	87.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,715	...	...	12.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,240	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	54,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,410	...	...	17.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,465	...	...	11.8	...	...
Not suitable only	840	...	...	1.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,820	...	...	3.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	220	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	45,455	...	...	82.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	53,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,775	...	...	3.3	...	...
Not in core need	51,480	...	...	96.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,240	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.5	...	...	66.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.1	...	...	1.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,190	...	...	1,190	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,194	...	...	1,194	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	290,000	...	...	290,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	308,800	...	...	308,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,600	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.4	...	...	9.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.0	...	...	23.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.4	...	...	7.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	890	...	...	890	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,003	...	...	1,003	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	80	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	18.8	...	...	18.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	685	...	...	685	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	700	...	...	700	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	120,145	59,095	61,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,100	1,480	1,620	2.6	2.5	2.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,080	1,465	1,615	2.6	2.5	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,725	1,325	1,400	2.3	2.2	2.3
Métis single ancestry	320	130	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,200	1,560	1,640	2.7	2.6	2.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,165	1,545	1,620	2.6	2.6	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,860	1,395	1,465	2.4	2.4	2.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	295	145	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	113,845	56,055	57,790	94.8	94.9	94.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	120,145	59,095	61,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	117,040	57,540	59,500	97.4	97.4	97.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	23,840	12,175	11,665	19.8	20.6	19.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	93,200	45,370	47,830	77.6	76.8	78.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,105	1,550	1,555	2.6	2.6	2.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	120,145	59,095	61,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	112,645	55,320	57,320	93.8	93.6	93.9
Immigrants⁸¹	6,520	3,245	3,270	5.4	5.5	5.4
Before 1980	430	245	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
1980 to 1990	365	185	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
1991 to 2000	705	360	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
2001 to 2010	1,970	1,030	940	1.6	1.7	1.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,050	1,425	1,620	2.5	2.4	2.7
2011 to 2015	1,585	715	865	1.3	1.2	1.4
2016 to 2021	1,465	710	755	1.2	1.2	1.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	990	525	455	0.8	0.9	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,520	3,245	3,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	775	410	365	11.9	12.6	11.2
5 to 14 years	1,055	515	535	16.2	15.9	16.4
15 to 24 years	785	335	450	12.0	10.3	13.8
25 to 44 years	3,605	1,820	1,790	55.3	56.1	54.7
45 years and over	300	170	135	4.6	5.2	4.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,520	3,245	3,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,260	625	635	19.3	19.3	19.4
Brazil	155	65	85	2.4	2.0	2.6
Colombia	530	280	255	8.1	8.6	7.8
El Salvador	45	30	10	0.7	0.9	0.3
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	105	60	50	1.6	1.8	1.5
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	80	30	45	1.2	0.9	1.4
Peru	35	10	25	0.5	0.3	0.8
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	75	30	40	1.2	0.9	1.2
Other places of birth in Americas	235	115	120	3.6	3.5	3.7
Europe	1,865	965	905	28.6	29.7	27.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	115	55	55	1.8	1.7	1.7
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	965	540	430	14.8	16.6	13.1
Germany	60	10	55	0.9	0.3	1.7
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	35	20	20	0.5	0.6	0.6
Netherlands	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Poland	30	15	15	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portugal	115	60	50	1.8	1.8	1.5
Romania	130	65	65	2.0	2.0	2.0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	65	40	25	1.0	1.2	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	25	10	0.5	0.8	0.3
Other places of birth in Europe	280	135	145	4.3	4.2	4.4
Africa	2,810	1,380	1,430	43.1	42.5	43.7
Algeria	320	170	155	4.9	5.2	4.7
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	40	15	30	0.6	0.5	0.9
Egypt	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	390	215	170	6.0	6.6	5.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	2,045	980	1,065	31.4	30.2	32.6
Asia	570	265	300	8.7	8.2	9.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	15	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	175	70	105	2.7	2.2	3.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	80	40	45	1.2	1.2	1.4
Viet Nam	70	25	40	1.1	0.8	1.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	175	75	95	2.7	2.3	2.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	15	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,465	710	760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	180	95	85	12.3	13.4	11.2
Brazil	40	10	25	2.7	1.4	3.3
Colombia	50	25	25	3.4	3.5	3.3
Haiti	15	15	0	1.0	2.1	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	15	15	0	1.0	2.1	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	65	35	30	4.4	4.9	3.9
Europe	265	145	120	18.1	20.4	15.8
France	210	120	90	14.3	16.9	11.8
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	10	20	2.4	1.4	2.6
Africa	930	415	510	63.5	58.5	67.1
Algeria	30	15	20	2.0	2.1	2.6
Burundi	20	15	10	1.4	2.1	1.3
Cameroon	220	110	110	15.0	15.5	14.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	205	80	130	14.0	11.3	17.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	105	55	50	7.2	7.7	6.6
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	75	30	50	5.1	4.2	6.6
Other places of birth in Africa	260	120	140	17.7	16.9	18.4
Asia	85	50	40	5.8	7.0	5.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	15	15	1.7	2.1	2.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	25	15	15	1.7	2.1	2.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	120,150	59,100	61,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	8,175	4,085	4,090	6.8	6.9	6.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,035	2,630	2,400	4.2	4.5	3.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	106,940	52,380	54,560	89.0	88.6	89.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	6,085	3,000	3,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,845	2,045	1,795	63.2	68.2	58.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,760	1,125	635	28.9	37.5	20.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,080	920	1,160	34.2	30.7	37.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,460	540	920	24.0	18.0	29.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	765	405	365	12.6	13.5	11.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	15	10	0.3	0.5	0.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	6,085	3,000	3,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	170	100	70	2.8	3.3	2.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	495	245	250	8.1	8.2	8.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	285	145	140	4.7	4.8	4.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	400	250	150	6.6	8.3	4.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,715	2,260	2,455	77.5	75.3	79.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	120,150	59,100	61,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,950	3,485	3,465	5.8	5.9	5.7
South Asian	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	445	155	295	0.4	0.3	0.5
Black	3,320	1,720	1,600	2.8	2.9	2.6
Filipino	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	1,170	630	540	1.0	1.1	0.9
Latin American	1,180	575	600	1.0	1.0	1.0
Southeast Asian	405	180	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
West Asian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	95	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	113,195	55,615	57,585	94.2	94.1	94.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	120,145	59,095	61,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	46,140	22,240	23,900	38.4	37.6	39.1
English	1,270	680	590	1.1	1.2	1.0
Irish	5,030	2,460	2,570	4.2	4.2	4.2
Scottish	1,775	830	945	1.5	1.4	1.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	30,000	15,030	14,975	25.0	25.4	24.5
German	1,085	515	570	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese	455	160	300	0.4	0.3	0.5
Italian	1,220	680	550	1.0	1.2	0.9
Indian (India)	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	255	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Québécois	15,780	7,870	7,910	13.1	13.3	13.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	145	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Filipino	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	11,560	5,540	6,020	9.6	9.4	9.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,745	1,355	1,395	2.3	2.3	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,395	1,125	1,265	2.0	1.9	2.1
Métis	640	290	350	0.5	0.5	0.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,420	755	665	1.2	1.3	1.1
Russian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	85	70	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Welsh	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	475	245	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
American	495	215	280	0.4	0.4	0.5
Spanish	490	255	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swedish	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Acadian	1,315	640	675	1.1	1.1	1.1
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	785	395	385	0.7	0.7	0.6
Jewish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	545	305	240	0.5	0.5	0.4
Greek	60	45	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaican	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,110	545	565	0.9	0.9	0.9
Danish	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	355	180	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Belgian	520	230	285	0.4	0.4	0.5
Haitian	235	140	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	260	150	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Finnish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	245	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	670	350	320	0.6	0.6	0.5
Moroccan	450	245	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	285	155	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Brazilian	220	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	225	85	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	155	90	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	175	100	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Albanian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	415	225	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	55	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	630	315	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	310	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Guatemalan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Argentinian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	170	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Moldovan	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	105	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	1,365	700	670	1.1	1.2	1.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	185	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	460	230	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamileke	165	100	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	50	45	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Beninese	40	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	120,150	59,100	61,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	305	120	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Christian	84,190	39,930	44,265	70.1	67.6	72.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,875	3,380	3,500	5.7	5.7	5.7
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	285	140	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	75,110	35,435	39,670	62.5	60.0	65.0
Christian Orthodox	365	195	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	180	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latter Day Saints	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lutheran	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	400	200	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Presbyterian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	725	365	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hindu	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	2,180	1,170	1,010	1.8	2.0	1.7
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	105	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	220	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	33,105	17,675	15,430	27.6	29.9	25.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	118,980	58,480	60,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	104,685	51,680	53,005	88.0	88.4	87.6
Movers	14,300	6,800	7,500	12.0	11.6	12.4
Non-migrants	11,125	5,205	5,920	9.4	8.9	9.8
Migrants	3,170	1,590	1,575	2.7	2.7	2.6
Internal migrants	2,870	1,420	1,445	2.4	2.4	2.4
Intraprovincial migrants	2,710	1,310	1,400	2.3	2.2	2.3
Interprovincial migrants	155	105	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
External migrants	305	170	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	113,925	55,925	58,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	71,130	34,975	36,155	62.4	62.5	62.3
Movers	42,795	20,955	21,845	37.6	37.5	37.7
Non-migrants	26,010	12,645	13,370	22.8	22.6	23.1
Migrants	16,785	8,310	8,475	14.7	14.9	14.6
Internal migrants	14,905	7,350	7,550	13.1	13.1	13.0
Intraprovincial migrants	14,180	6,905	7,280	12.4	12.3	12.6
Interprovincial migrants	725	450	275	0.6	0.8	0.5
External migrants	1,885	955	925	1.7	1.7	1.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	99,385	48,435	50,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,235	7,610	6,625	14.3	15.7	13.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	85,145	40,825	44,320	85.7	84.3	87.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	64,195	31,710	32,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,035	3,200	1,830	7.8	10.1	5.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	59,165	28,505	30,655	92.2	89.9	94.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	99,385	48,435	50,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,555	6,350	6,210	12.6	13.1	12.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,950	10,525	11,430	22.1	21.7	22.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	64,875	31,565	33,310	65.3	65.2	65.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	41,350	20,925	20,425	41.6	43.2	40.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,635	10,300	6,340	16.7	21.3	12.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,950	6,425	5,525	12.0	13.3	10.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,690	3,875	815	4.7	8.0	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	20,830	9,085	11,740	21.0	18.8	23.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,880	1,545	2,345	3.9	3.2	4.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	23,525	10,640	12,885	23.7	22.0	25.3
Bachelor's degree	15,880	6,935	8,945	16.0	14.3	17.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,905	800	1,105	1.9	1.7	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	490	250	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Master's degree	4,555	2,215	2,340	4.6	4.6	4.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	685	440	250	0.7	0.9	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	64,195	31,710	32,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,950	2,385	1,560	6.2	7.5	4.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,260	5,360	4,900	16.0	16.9	15.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	49,985	23,960	26,025	77.9	75.6	80.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30,565	15,625	14,940	47.6	49.3	46.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,930	7,910	5,020	20.1	24.9	15.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,320	4,915	4,400	14.5	15.5	13.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,615	2,995	620	5.6	9.4	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,005	6,640	8,360	23.4	20.9	25.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,630	1,070	1,555	4.1	3.4	4.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	19,420	8,330	11,090	30.3	26.3	34.1
Bachelor's degree	12,855	5,365	7,485	20.0	16.9	23.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,590	610	985	2.5	1.9	3.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	395	180	220	0.6	0.6	0.7
Master's degree	3,965	1,810	2,150	6.2	5.7	6.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	605	365	240	0.9	1.2	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	99,380	48,435	50,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	34,510	16,870	17,640	34.7	34.8	34.6
Education	5,025	1,140	3,885	5.1	2.4	7.6
13. Education	5,025	1,140	3,885	5.1	2.4	7.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,970	795	1,175	2.0	1.6	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	450	295	160	0.5	0.6	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	1,520	505	1,010	1.5	1.0	2.0
Humanities	2,820	1,140	1,675	2.8	2.4	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	330	70	260	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,575	680	890	1.6	1.4	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	65	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	130	100	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	215	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	370	70	300	0.4	0.1	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,580	1,820	3,760	5.6	3.8	7.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	785	260	530	0.8	0.5	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,275	125	1,150	1.3	0.3	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	1,110	345	765	1.1	0.7	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	150	50	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	790	165	615	0.8	0.3	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,420	860	555	1.4	1.8	1.1
Business, management and public administration	16,795	6,460	10,345	16.9	13.3	20.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	965	195	770	1.0	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,815	6,255	9,560	15.9	12.9	18.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,245	1,250	995	2.3	2.6	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	840	375	465	0.8	0.8	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	230	150	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	480	270	210	0.5	0.6	0.4
40. Physical sciences	575	400	175	0.6	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,660	2,625	1,035	3.7	5.4	2.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,210	2,495	710	3.2	5.2	1.4
25. Library science	235	15	220	0.2	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	180	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,590	11,455	1,140	12.7	23.7	2.2
04. Architecture and related services	400	235	160	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	2,225	1,870	355	2.2	3.9	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,545	2,205	340	2.6	4.6	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,155	3,055	105	3.2	6.3	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,720	2,610	110	2.7	5.4	0.2
48. Precision production	1,540	1,475	60	1.5	3.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,195	690	500	1.2	1.4	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	625	240	385	0.6	0.5	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	565	455	110	0.6	0.9	0.2
Health and related fields	8,075	1,450	6,625	8.1	3.0	13.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	465	260	200	0.5	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,430	1,105	6,325	7.5	2.3	12.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,870	2,735	2,140	4.9	5.6	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,435	700	1,740	2.5	1.4	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	60	60	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,125	815	305	1.1	1.7	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,235	1,145	90	1.2	2.4	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	64,200	31,710	32,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,210	7,750	6,460	22.1	24.4	19.9
Education	3,470	685	2,785	5.4	2.2	8.6
13. Education	3,470	685	2,785	5.4	2.2	8.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,510	585	925	2.4	1.8	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	340	215	125	0.5	0.7	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	1,170	370	800	1.8	1.2	2.5
Humanities	1,655	660	1,000	2.6	2.1	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	245	50	190	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	850	400	445	1.3	1.3	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	55	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
54. History	125	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	245	35	215	0.4	0.1	0.7
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,560	1,375	3,185	7.1	4.3	9.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	685	210	475	1.1	0.7	1.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,060	115	945	1.7	0.4	2.9
22. Legal professions and studies	900	240	660	1.4	0.8	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120	30	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	630	110	520	1.0	0.3	1.6
45. Social sciences	1,120	665	455	1.7	2.1	1.4
Business, management and public administration	13,340	4,910	8,430	20.8	15.5	26.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	725	120	605	1.1	0.4	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,605	4,785	7,815	19.6	15.1	24.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,535	840	695	2.4	2.6	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	730	315	415	1.1	1.0	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	130	90	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	100	80	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
40. Physical sciences	480	320	160	0.7	1.0	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,160	2,285	865	4.9	7.2	2.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,805	2,210	600	4.4	7.0	1.8
25. Library science	180	10	175	0.3	0.0	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,780	8,800	975	15.2	27.8	3.0
04. Architecture and related services	345	200	150	0.5	0.6	0.5
14. Engineering	1,870	1,565	305	2.9	4.9	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,990	1,695	295	3.1	5.3	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,455	2,370	80	3.8	7.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,940	1,855	90	3.0	5.8	0.3
48. Precision production	1,170	1,115	55	1.8	3.5	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	945	535	410	1.5	1.7	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	520	205	310	0.8	0.6	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	425	325	100	0.7	1.0	0.3
Health and related fields	6,155	1,135	5,020	9.6	3.6	15.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	370	180	185	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,630	885	4,745	8.8	2.8	14.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	150	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,840	2,135	1,700	6.0	6.7	5.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,915	535	1,385	3.0	1.7	4.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	890	650	240	1.4	2.0	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	995	925	75	1.5	2.9	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	64,200	31,710	32,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,210	7,750	6,460	22.1	24.4	19.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	49,990	23,960	26,025	77.9	75.6	80.1
Location of study inside Canada	47,150	22,525	24,625	73.4	71.0	75.8
Same as province or territory of residence	46,310	21,990	24,320	72.1	69.3	74.9
Different than province or territory of residence	840	540	305	1.3	1.7	0.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,835	1,435	1,400	4.4	4.5	4.3
Americas	695	350	345	1.1	1.1	1.1
United States of America	140	90	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mexico	45	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haiti	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	175	80	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Colombia	205	105	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Peru	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	1,035	565	470	1.6	1.8	1.4
Belgium	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	680	400	275	1.1	1.3	0.8
Germany	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Africa	920	450	475	1.4	1.4	1.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	155	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Morocco	140	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisia	170	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	450	215	235	0.7	0.7	0.7
Asia	175	65	115	0.3	0.2	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	99,385	48,435	50,950	...	...	...
In the labour force	67,080	34,130	32,950	...	...	...
Employed	63,185	32,205	30,980	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,900	1,930	1,965	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	32,305	14,300	17,995	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.5	70.5	64.7	67.5	70.5	64.7
Employment rate	63.6	66.5	60.8	63.6	66.5	60.8
Unemployment rate	5.8	5.7	6.0	5.8	5.7	6.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	99,380	48,435	50,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	30,650	13,345	17,310	30.8	27.6	34.0
Worked	68,730	35,090	33,640	69.2	72.4	66.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	40,490	21,450	19,035	40.7	44.3	37.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,240	13,640	14,600	28.4	28.2	28.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.2	43.7	42.7	43.2	43.7	42.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	67,085	34,135	32,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	885	375	510	1.3	1.1	1.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	66,200	33,755	32,440	98.7	98.9	98.5
Employee	60,960	30,615	30,350	90.9	89.7	92.1
Permanent position	52,335	26,540	25,790	78.0	77.8	78.3
Temporary position	8,630	4,070	4,560	12.9	11.9	13.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,185	1,545	1,640	4.7	4.5	5.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,440	2,525	2,920	8.1	7.4	8.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,235	3,145	2,090	7.8	9.2	6.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	67,085	34,135	32,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	885	375	510	1.3	1.1	1.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	66,200	33,755	32,440	98.7	98.9	98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,045	765	285	1.6	2.2	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	14,720	4,870	9,845	21.9	14.3	29.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	7,500	5,655	1,835	11.2	16.6	5.6
3 Health occupations	5,700	1,005	4,695	8.5	2.9	14.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,525	3,385	6,140	14.2	9.9	18.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,475	840	640	2.2	2.5	1.9
6 Sales and service occupations	15,160	7,370	7,790	22.6	21.6	23.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,075	8,360	715	13.5	24.5	2.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	375	305	70	0.6	0.9	0.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,625	1,205	420	2.4	3.5	1.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	67,085	34,135	32,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	885	375	510	1.3	1.1	1.5
All industries¹⁹¹	66,200	33,755	32,440	98.7	98.9	98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	215	125	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	135	120	15	0.2	0.4	0.0
22 Utilities	420	335	85	0.6	1.0	0.3
23 Construction	3,930	3,325	600	5.9	9.7	1.8
31-33 Manufacturing	4,210	2,975	1,230	6.3	8.7	3.7
41 Wholesale trade	2,285	1,745	540	3.4	5.1	1.6
44-45 Retail trade	8,180	4,100	4,085	12.2	12.0	12.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,705	2,040	665	4.0	6.0	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	755	495	260	1.1	1.5	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	3,700	1,580	2,120	5.5	4.6	6.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	915	500	415	1.4	1.5	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,445	3,175	2,265	8.1	9.3	6.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,640	1,655	990	3.9	4.8	3.0
61 Educational services	4,660	1,250	3,415	6.9	3.7	10.4
62 Health care and social assistance	9,255	1,740	7,515	13.8	5.1	22.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	760	410	350	1.1	1.2	1.1
72 Accommodation and food services	3,180	1,570	1,615	4.7	4.6	4.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,670	1,285	1,385	4.0	3.8	4.2
91 Public administration	10,055	5,295	4,755	15.0	15.5	14.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	71,600	36,480	35,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	570	325	245	0.8	0.9	0.7
French	59,990	29,205	30,790	83.8	80.1	87.7
Non-official language	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and French	10,555	6,750	3,810	14.7	18.5	10.8
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	210	90	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	220	90	125	0.3	0.2	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	71,600	36,480	35,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	70,275	35,670	34,600	98.1	97.8	98.5
Official languages	70,180	35,645	34,540	98.0	97.7	98.3
English	1,665	1,010	655	2.3	2.8	1.9
French	68,520	34,630	33,890	95.7	94.9	96.5
Non-official languages	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,330	810	520	1.9	2.2	1.5
English and French	1,260	780	480	1.8	2.1	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	71,600	36,480	35,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	61,910	30,350	31,565	86.5	83.2	89.9
English	8,270	5,305	2,965	11.6	14.5	8.4
French	1,090	680	410	1.5	1.9	1.2
Non-official language	150	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	130	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	63,185	32,205	30,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	14,985	7,165	7,820	23.7	22.2	25.2
Worked outside Canada	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	5,810	4,490	1,315	9.2	13.9	4.2
Usual place of work	42,340	20,515	21,825	67.0	63.7	70.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	42,335	20,515	21,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	31,560	14,215	17,345	74.5	69.3	79.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,350	3,260	3,090	15.0	15.9	14.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,385	3,000	1,390	10.4	14.6	6.4
Commute to a different province or territory	45	45	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	48,145	25,000	23,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	42,705	22,640	20,070	88.7	90.6	86.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	40,350	21,765	18,585	83.8	87.1	80.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,360	875	1,485	4.9	3.5	6.4
Public transit	2,920	1,160	1,765	6.1	4.6	7.6
Walked	1,720	715	1,000	3.6	2.9	4.3
Bicycle	250	210	40	0.5	0.8	0.2
Other method	550	285	265	1.1	1.1	1.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	48,145	25,000	23,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	14,920	7,420	7,500	31.0	29.7	32.4
15 to 29 minutes	24,185	12,870	11,320	50.2	51.5	48.9
30 to 44 minutes	6,275	3,205	3,070	13.0	12.8	13.3
45 to 59 minutes	1,675	905	770	3.5	3.6	3.3
60 minutes and over	1,090	605	480	2.3	2.4	2.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	48,145	25,000	23,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,180	1,685	490	4.5	6.7	2.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,770	6,470	3,305	20.3	25.9	14.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	17,060	7,995	9,065	35.4	32.0	39.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,445	4,085	5,365	19.6	16.3	23.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,550	1,395	2,155	7.4	5.6	9.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,140	3,370	2,770	12.8	13.5	12.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	24,945	12,755	12,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,175	1,065	1,110	8.7	8.3	9.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	22,770	11,690	11,080	91.3	91.7	90.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	18,235	9,305	8,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,650	815	835	9.0	8.8	9.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,240	605	635	6.8	6.5	7.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	400	205	195	2.2	2.2	2.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,590	8,490	8,100	91.0	91.2	90.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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