Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Louis-Saint-Laurent--AkiawenhrahkMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	113,225	55,255	57,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,690	10,075	9,615	17.4	18.2	16.6
0 to 4 years	5,860	3,000	2,860	5.2	5.4	4.9
5 to 9 years	7,025	3,590	3,430	6.2	6.5	5.9
10 to 14 years	6,810	3,485	3,330	6.0	6.3	5.7
15 to 64 years	70,290	34,985	35,305	62.1	63.3	60.9
15 to 19 years	5,690	2,910	2,785	5.0	5.3	4.8
20 to 24 years	5,460	2,810	2,655	4.8	5.1	4.6
25 to 29 years	6,670	3,365	3,305	5.9	6.1	5.7
30 to 34 years	6,935	3,495	3,440	6.1	6.3	5.9
35 to 39 years	7,575	3,750	3,830	6.7	6.8	6.6
40 to 44 years	8,265	4,090	4,170	7.3	7.4	7.2
45 to 49 years	7,090	3,565	3,520	6.3	6.5	6.1
50 to 54 years	6,870	3,375	3,495	6.1	6.1	6.0
55 to 59 years	8,125	3,960	4,165	7.2	7.2	7.2
60 to 64 years	7,610	3,665	3,945	6.7	6.6	6.8
65 years and over	23,245	10,195	13,050	20.5	18.5	22.5
65 to 69 years	6,690	3,035	3,655	5.9	5.5	6.3
70 to 74 years	6,035	2,730	3,305	5.3	4.9	5.7
75 to 79 years	4,885	2,165	2,725	4.3	3.9	4.7
80 to 84 years	3,020	1,265	1,755	2.7	2.3	3.0
85 years and over	2,625	1,005	1,620	2.3	1.8	2.8
85 to 89 years	1,770	670	1,100	1.6	1.2	1.9
90 to 94 years	695	265	425	0.6	0.5	0.7
95 to 99 years	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.4	18.2	16.6	17.4	18.2	16.6
15 to 64 years	62.1	63.3	60.9	62.1	63.3	60.9
65 years and over	20.5	18.5	22.5	20.5	18.5	22.5
85 years and over	2.3	1.8	2.8	2.3	1.8	2.8
Average age of the population	42.5	41.3	43.6	42.5	41.3	43.6
Median age of the population	42.8	41.6	44.0	42.8	41.6	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	22,190	...	...	44.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,375	...	...	8.8	...	...
Row house	2,260	...	...	4.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,550	...	...	5.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	17,390	...	...	35.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	800	...	...	1.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	115	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	49,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	15,960	...	...	32.1	...	...
2 persons	18,600	...	...	37.4	...	...
3 persons	6,570	...	...	13.2	...	...
4 persons	6,145	...	...	12.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,445	...	...	4.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	110,520	54,395	56,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	93,535	45,180	48,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	56,925	28,380	28,545	60.9	62.8	59.0
Married	28,305	14,085	14,220	30.3	31.2	29.4
Living common-law	28,625	14,300	14,325	30.6	31.7	29.6
Living common law - Never married	23,775	11,835	11,940	25.4	26.2	24.7
Living common law - Separated	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	4,150	2,140	2,010	4.4	4.7	4.2
Living common law - Widowed	500	220	275	0.5	0.5	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	36,610	16,800	19,805	39.1	37.2	41.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	25,185	13,270	11,915	26.9	29.4	24.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,125	480	650	1.2	1.1	1.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,505	1,965	3,540	5.9	4.3	7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,790	1,090	3,705	5.1	2.4	7.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,685	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	18,130	...	...	55.5	...	...
3 persons	6,355	...	...	19.4	...	...
4 persons	6,005	...	...	18.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,190	...	...	6.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	27,910	...	...	85.4	...	...
Married couples	13,610	...	...	41.6	...	...
With children⁶	5,115	...	...	15.7	...	...
Without children	8,495	...	...	26.0	...	...
Common-law couples	14,300	...	...	43.8	...	...
With children⁶	7,435	...	...	22.8	...	...
Without children	6,870	...	...	21.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,770	...	...	14.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,325	...	...	10.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,450	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	110,520	54,395	56,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	90,910	45,280	45,625	82.3	83.2	81.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	55,820	27,890	27,930	50.5	51.3	49.8
Parents in one-parent families	4,770	1,450	3,320	4.3	2.7	5.9
Children⁶	30,315	15,945	14,375	27.4	29.3	25.6
In a two-parent family	23,105	12,045	11,060	20.9	22.1	19.7
In a one-parent family	7,215	3,900	3,315	6.5	7.2	5.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	19,610	9,110	10,505	17.7	16.7	18.7
Living alone	15,960	7,090	8,870	14.4	13.0	15.8
Living with other relatives⁷	1,335	605	730	1.2	1.1	1.3
Living with non-relatives only	2,310	1,410	900	2.1	2.6	1.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	31,490	...	...	63.3	...	...
Couple-family households	27,115	...	...	54.5	...	...
With children⁶	12,190	...	...	24.5	...	...
Without children	14,930	...	...	30.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,375	...	...	8.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	335	...	...	0.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	575	...	...	1.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,280	...	...	2.6	...	...
One-person households	15,960	...	...	32.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	90,840	44,320	46,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,485	43,655	45,830	98.5	98.5	98.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,400	54,400	43,200	48,400	54,400	43,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,505	43,670	45,835	98.5	98.5	98.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	46,000	38,000	42,000	46,000	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,250	41,880	42,365	92.7	94.5	91.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	48,800	34,800	41,200	48,800	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,145	35,035	33,110	75.0	79.1	71.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	50,800	39,600	44,800	50,800	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,495	31,705	38,785	77.6	71.5	83.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,300	9,000	11,400	10,300	9,000	11,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,665	4,900	4,765	10.6	11.1	10.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,200	5,720	5,480	5,200	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,980	11,265	10,715	24.2	25.4	23.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,000	6,000	6,000	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	90,800	44,205	46,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,470	43,585	45,885	98.5	98.6	98.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,500	60,800	48,480	54,500	60,800	48,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,495	43,605	45,890	98.6	98.6	98.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,880	49,120	40,840	44,880	49,120	40,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,395	41,740	42,655	92.9	94.4	91.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,160	55,550	40,960	48,160	55,550	40,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,150	34,945	33,205	75.1	79.1	71.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,560	54,950	43,920	49,560	54,950	43,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,455	31,810	38,650	77.6	72.0	82.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,490	10,470	12,340	11,490	10,470	12,340
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,740	4,990	4,745	10.7	11.3	10.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,110	5,710	8,580	7,110	5,710	8,580
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,930	11,450	10,485	24.2	25.9	22.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,330	6,920	7,770	7,330	6,920	7,770
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	90,800	44,205	46,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	36,965	19,575	17,395	40.7	44.3	37.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	67,500	56,800	62,400	67,500	56,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,100	75,100	62,300	69,100	75,100	62,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,045	12,000	13,040	27.6	27.1	28.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	23,600	18,200	20,400	23,600	18,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,320	33,080	25,880	29,320	33,080	25,880
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.4	87.4	78.6	83.4	87.4	78.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.2	72.4	65.6	69.2	72.4	65.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.6	12.6	21.4	16.6	12.6	21.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.1	1.8	1.4	1.1	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.9	3.4	4.5	3.9	3.4	4.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.3	3.0	3.7	3.3	3.0	3.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	90,840	44,320	46,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,360	665	695	1.5	1.5	1.5
With total income	89,480	43,655	45,830	98.5	98.5	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,740	1,975	2,760	5.3	4.5	6.0
$10,000 to $19,999	8,445	3,015	5,430	9.4	6.9	11.8
$20,000 to $29,999	11,090	4,440	6,655	12.4	10.2	14.5
$30,000 to $39,999	10,615	4,575	6,040	11.9	10.5	13.2
$40,000 to $49,999	11,795	5,405	6,395	13.2	12.4	13.9
$50,000 to $59,999	11,040	5,420	5,615	12.3	12.4	12.3
$60,000 to $69,999	8,760	4,875	3,880	9.8	11.2	8.5
$70,000 to $79,999	6,610	3,900	2,715	7.4	8.9	5.9
$80,000 to $89,999	5,050	2,855	2,195	5.6	6.6	4.8
$90,000 to $99,999	3,620	2,065	1,555	4.0	4.7	3.4
$100,000 and over	7,720	5,130	2,590	8.6	11.8	5.7
$100,000 to $149,999	5,980	3,845	2,130	6.7	8.8	4.6
$150,000 and over	1,745	1,285	460	2.0	2.9	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	90,840	44,320	46,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,330	650	680	1.5	1.5	1.5
With after-tax income	89,505	43,670	45,835	98.5	98.5	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,285	2,080	3,200	5.9	4.8	7.0
$10,000 to $19,999	8,925	3,275	5,655	10.0	7.5	12.3
$20,000 to $29,999	13,190	5,355	7,840	14.7	12.3	17.1
$30,000 to $39,999	14,485	6,550	7,930	16.2	15.0	17.3
$40,000 to $49,999	15,025	7,505	7,520	16.8	17.2	16.4
$50,000 to $59,999	12,080	6,775	5,305	13.5	15.5	11.6
$60,000 to $69,999	8,060	4,565	3,500	9.0	10.4	7.6
$70,000 to $79,999	5,285	2,935	2,355	5.9	6.7	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,890	1,725	1,165	3.2	4.0	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,565	1,005	560	1.7	2.3	1.2
$100,000 and over	2,700	1,905	790	3.0	4.4	1.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,615	1,110	510	1.8	2.5	1.1
$125,000 and over	1,085	800	285	1.2	1.8	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	90,840	44,320	46,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	22,695	9,290	13,405	25.0	20.9	28.8
With employment income	68,145	35,035	33,110	75.0	79.1	71.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,185	3,730	3,450	10.5	10.7	10.4
$5,000 to $9,999	4,565	1,925	2,640	6.7	5.5	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	6,865	2,950	3,910	10.1	8.4	11.8
$20,000 to $29,999	5,675	2,490	3,185	8.3	7.1	9.6
$30,000 to $39,999	6,315	2,835	3,480	9.3	8.1	10.5
$40,000 to $49,999	7,425	3,325	4,095	10.9	9.5	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	7,125	3,700	3,425	10.5	10.6	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	5,690	3,300	2,395	8.4	9.4	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,785	2,885	1,900	7.0	8.2	5.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,990	2,205	1,790	5.9	6.3	5.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,675	1,635	1,040	3.9	4.7	3.1
$100,000 and over	5,845	4,040	1,805	8.6	11.5	5.5
$100,000 to $124,999	3,280	2,180	1,100	4.8	6.2	3.3
$125,000 and over	2,575	1,865	705	3.8	5.3	2.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	90,840	44,320	46,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,430	43,155	45,275	97.3	97.4	97.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,400	52,800	40,800	46,400	52,800	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,485	43,155	45,330	97.4	97.4	97.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,800	36,000	40,000	44,800	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,280	41,445	41,835	91.7	93.5	89.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	48,800	35,200	41,600	48,800	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,510	35,160	33,350	75.4	79.3	71.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	50,400	39,200	44,400	50,400	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,880	27,995	35,890	70.3	63.2	77.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,750	5,440	8,900	7,750	5,440	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,990	4,715	4,275	9.9	10.6	9.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,720	4,160	5,720	4,720	4,160	5,720
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	90,800	44,205	46,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,505	43,060	45,445	97.5	97.4	97.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,200	59,100	45,600	52,200	59,100	45,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,520	43,060	45,465	97.5	97.4	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,920	47,680	38,440	42,920	47,680	38,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,375	41,280	42,095	91.8	93.4	90.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,320	56,150	40,600	48,320	56,150	40,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,455	35,035	33,420	75.4	79.3	71.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,280	55,100	43,160	49,280	55,100	43,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,760	27,905	35,855	70.2	63.1	77.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,270	8,140	10,150	9,270	8,140	10,150
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,260	4,845	4,415	10.2	11.0	9.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,100	4,912	9,500	7,100	4,912	9,500
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	90,800	44,205	46,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	36,845	19,495	17,350	40.6	44.1	37.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,200	65,500	53,200	59,200	65,500	53,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,300	72,000	57,850	65,300	72,000	57,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,835	11,395	12,440	26.3	25.8	26.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,200	30,000	22,600	26,200	30,000	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,120	38,440	30,120	34,120	38,440	30,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.2	91.0	82.4	87.2	91.0	82.4
Employment income (%)	73.0	75.8	69.6	73.0	75.8	69.6
Government transfers (%)	12.8	8.9	17.6	12.8	8.9	17.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	0.9	2.0	1.4	0.9	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	49,720	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	15,960	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...	46,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	40,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,755	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	49,720	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,800	...	...	80,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	15,970	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,900	...	...	51,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,160	...	...	43,160	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,745	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,900	...	...	119,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,600	...	...	98,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	49,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	225	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	155	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	350	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	590	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,810	...	...	3.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,350	...	...	2.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,345	...	...	2.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,845	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,005	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,075	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,115	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,970	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,645	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,355	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,080	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,800	...	...	39.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,760	...	...	13.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,690	...	...	9.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,185	...	...	10.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,165	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	49,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	260	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	170	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	360	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	630	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,925	...	...	3.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,750	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,885	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,480	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,635	...	...	5.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,605	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,015	...	...	10.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,535	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,090	...	...	8.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,855	...	...	7.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,435	...	...	6.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,080	...	...	28.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,280	...	...	12.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,865	...	...	7.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,935	...	...	7.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,815	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,010	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,570	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	144,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,685	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,275	8,500	9,770	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,600	50,000	42,000	45,600	50,000	42,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	42,400	37,200	39,600	42,400	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,795	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	120,300	...	...	120,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,800	...	...	98,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,020	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,400	...	...	102,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,600	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,200	...	...	156,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,400	...	...	126,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,640	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,100	...	...	82,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,290	8,495	9,800	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,760	54,300	47,680	50,760	54,300	47,680
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,320	44,440	40,480	42,320	44,440	40,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	110,520	54,395	56,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,205	11,865	11,335	21.0	21.8	20.2
0 to 5 years	7,185	3,660	3,530	6.5	6.7	6.3
18 to 64 years	66,655	33,140	33,520	60.3	60.9	59.7
65 years and over	20,655	9,385	11,270	18.7	17.3	20.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,940	2,900	4,040	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,095	550	545	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	370	185	180	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,160	1,540	1,620	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,685	810	1,875	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.3	5.3	7.2	6.3	5.3	7.2
0 to 17 years (%)	4.7	4.6	4.8	4.7	4.6	4.8
0 to 5 years (%)	5.1	5.1	5.2	5.1	5.1	5.2
18 to 64 years (%)	4.7	4.6	4.8	4.7	4.6	4.8
65 years and over (%)	13.0	8.6	16.6	13.0	8.6	16.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	108,330	53,280	55,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,820	11,660	11,160	21.1	21.9	20.3
0 to 5 years	7,060	3,580	3,480	6.5	6.7	6.3
18 to 64 years	65,310	32,450	32,860	60.3	60.9	59.7
65 years and over	20,200	9,170	11,030	18.6	17.2	20.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,185	1,450	1,730	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	480	250	230	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	145	75	70	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,980	1,005	975	...	...	...
65 years and over	725	195	530	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.9	2.7	3.2	2.9	2.7	3.2
0 to 17 years (%)	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.1
0 to 5 years (%)	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.1
18 to 64 years (%)	3.0	3.1	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.0
65 years and over (%)	3.6	2.1	4.8	3.6	2.1	4.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	110,520	54,395	56,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	50,805	23,985	26,825	46.0	44.1	47.8
In bottom decile	5,585	2,400	3,185	5.1	4.4	5.7
In second decile	8,245	3,690	4,555	7.5	6.8	8.1
In third decile	10,820	5,075	5,750	9.8	9.3	10.2
In fourth decile	12,535	6,040	6,495	11.3	11.1	11.6
In fifth decile	13,615	6,775	6,845	12.3	12.5	12.2
In top half of the distribution	59,715	30,410	29,305	54.0	55.9	52.2
In sixth decile	14,560	7,400	7,160	13.2	13.6	12.8
In seventh decile	14,755	7,490	7,265	13.4	13.8	12.9
In eighth decile	13,285	6,755	6,530	12.0	12.4	11.6
In ninth decile	10,340	5,245	5,100	9.4	9.6	9.1
In top decile	6,775	3,525	3,245	6.1	6.5	5.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	110,515	...	...	110,515	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.266	...	...	0.266	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.362	...	...	0.362	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.231	...	...	0.231	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	112,090	54,920	57,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	230	130	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
French only	66,915	30,245	36,670	59.7	55.1	64.1
English and French	44,755	24,470	20,285	39.9	44.6	35.5
Neither English nor French	185	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	112,090	54,920	57,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,655	895	760	1.5	1.6	1.3
French	109,220	53,390	55,830	97.4	97.2	97.7
English and French	1,045	570	480	0.9	1.0	0.8
Neither English nor French	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	112,090	54,920	57,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	110,535	54,120	56,410	98.6	98.5	98.7
Official languages	106,330	52,125	54,205	94.9	94.9	94.8
English	1,445	790	650	1.3	1.4	1.1
French	104,890	51,335	53,555	93.6	93.5	93.7
Non-official languages	4,205	1,995	2,205	3.8	3.6	3.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	210	85	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	210	85	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	200	80	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Atikamekw	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	175	70	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,990	1,915	2,080	3.6	3.5	3.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	875	480	395	0.8	0.9	0.7
Berber languages	115	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	745	405	340	0.7	0.7	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	740	405	335	0.7	0.7	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,245	1,040	1,210	2.0	1.9	2.1
Albanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	320	150	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	320	150	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	100	25	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	80	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	80	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,750	820	925	1.6	1.5	1.6
Catalan	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	430	205	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,120	520	595	1.0	0.9	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	385	185	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,555	800	755	1.4	1.5	1.3
English and French	875	465	415	0.8	0.8	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	550	280	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	112,090	54,920	57,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	690	380	310	0.6	0.7	0.5
French	102,590	49,980	52,610	91.5	91.0	92.0
Non-official language	1,060	505	555	0.9	0.9	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,000	480	515	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	4,240	2,370	1,870	3.8	4.3	3.3
English and non-official language(s)	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	2,650	1,280	1,375	2.4	2.3	2.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	760	365	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	112,090	54,920	57,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	110,500	54,135	56,370	98.6	98.6	98.6
Official languages	108,330	53,090	55,235	96.6	96.7	96.6
English	1,175	650	525	1.0	1.2	0.9
French	107,150	52,445	54,710	95.6	95.5	95.7
Non-official languages	2,175	1,040	1,130	1.9	1.9	2.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	120	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	120	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,055	995	1,060	1.8	1.8	1.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	335	175	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	285	145	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	285	145	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,360	650	705	1.2	1.2	1.2
Albanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,135	545	590	1.0	1.0	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	300	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	755	360	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,590	790	800	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and French	760	400	355	0.7	0.7	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	730	340	395	0.7	0.6	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	112,090	54,920	57,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	105,695	51,540	54,150	94.3	93.8	94.7
English	3,240	1,805	1,435	2.9	3.3	2.5
French	1,315	675	635	1.2	1.2	1.1
Non-official language	1,215	590	630	1.1	1.1	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,150	565	590	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	320	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	110,405	54,225	56,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	110,220	54,135	56,085	99.8	99.8	99.8
English	44,850	24,555	20,295	40.6	45.3	36.1
French	109,940	53,970	55,970	99.6	99.5	99.6
Non-official languages	8,355	3,825	4,525	7.6	7.1	8.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	390	180	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages	375	175	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	360	165	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Atikamekw	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	315	145	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Naskapi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,975	3,655	4,315	7.2	6.7	7.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,330	705	625	1.2	1.3	1.1
Berber languages	155	110	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kabyle	140	100	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamazight	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,210	635	580	1.1	1.2	1.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,200	625	575	1.1	1.2	1.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,005	2,185	2,815	4.5	4.0	5.0
Albanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	385	195	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	385	195	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	180	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	390	175	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	350	160	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	345	160	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,350	1,865	2,480	3.9	3.4	4.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	265	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	500	265	240	0.5	0.5	0.4
Romanian	225	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	3,605	1,500	2,105	3.3	2.8	3.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	925	445	480	0.8	0.8	0.9
Akan (Twi)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	235	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	270	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	270	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	110,410	54,230	56,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,815	1,845	1,970	3.5	3.4	3.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,695	1,795	1,900	3.3	3.3	3.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,925	1,445	1,480	2.6	2.7	2.6
Métis	720	340	380	0.7	0.6	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	90	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	106,585	52,380	54,210	96.5	96.6	96.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	110,410	54,230	56,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,435	1,195	1,240	2.2	2.2	2.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	107,970	53,030	54,945	97.8	97.8	97.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	32,060	...	...	64.5	...	...
Renter	17,580	...	...	35.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	8,140	...	...	16.4	...	...
Not condominium	41,580	...	...	83.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	155	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	6,265	...	...	12.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	16,645	...	...	33.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,495	...	...	33.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,155	...	...	20.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	17,240	...	...	34.7	...	...
5 rooms	7,445	...	...	15.0	...	...
6 rooms	5,440	...	...	10.9	...	...
7 rooms	5,980	...	...	12.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,620	...	...	27.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	49,525	...	...	99.6	...	...
More than one person per room	195	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	48,920	...	...	98.4	...	...
Not suitable	805	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,600	...	...	7.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,555	...	...	29.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,625	...	...	15.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,755	...	...	13.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,155	...	...	6.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,375	...	...	10.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,750	...	...	9.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,910	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	47,825	...	...	96.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,895	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	25,715	...	...	51.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	23,440	...	...	47.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	565	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,415	...	...	2.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,110	...	...	14.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,345	...	...	18.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,580	...	...	17.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,590	...	...	19.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,900	...	...	15.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,660	...	...	9.4	...	...
85 years and over	1,120	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	48,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	42,600	...	...	87.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,990	...	...	12.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,560	...	...	11.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,420	...	...	16.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,760	...	...	11.6	...	...
Not suitable only	745	...	...	1.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,650	...	...	3.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	210	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	41,300	...	...	83.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	48,160	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,580	...	...	3.3	...	...
Not in core need	46,585	...	...	96.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	31,430	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	67.0	...	...	67.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.0	...	...	1.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,210	...	...	1,210	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,204	...	...	1,204	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	290,000	...	...	290,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	310,400	...	...	310,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,265	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.4	...	...	10.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.3	...	...	23.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.6	...	...	7.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	880	...	...	880	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,001	...	...	1,001	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	80	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	20.0	...	...	20.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	685	...	...	685	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	700	...	...	700	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	110,405	54,225	56,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,905	1,410	1,495	2.6	2.6	2.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,885	1,395	1,490	2.6	2.6	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,580	1,275	1,305	2.3	2.4	2.3
Métis single ancestry	270	115	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,965	1,450	1,515	2.7	2.7	2.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,935	1,435	1,500	2.7	2.6	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,635	1,290	1,345	2.4	2.4	2.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	285	140	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	104,535	51,365	53,170	94.7	94.7	94.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	110,410	54,230	56,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	107,615	52,820	54,795	97.5	97.4	97.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,495	11,470	11,025	20.4	21.2	19.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	85,120	41,355	43,770	77.1	76.3	77.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,795	1,405	1,390	2.5	2.6	2.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	110,410	54,230	56,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	103,550	50,790	52,760	93.8	93.7	93.9
Immigrants⁸¹	5,975	2,970	3,010	5.4	5.5	5.4
Before 1980	395	220	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
1980 to 1990	330	170	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
1991 to 2000	620	305	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
2001 to 2010	1,820	945	875	1.6	1.7	1.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,805	1,330	1,475	2.5	2.5	2.6
2011 to 2015	1,460	685	775	1.3	1.3	1.4
2016 to 2021	1,340	645	695	1.2	1.2	1.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	880	470	410	0.8	0.9	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,975	2,970	3,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	725	385	340	12.1	13.0	11.3
5 to 14 years	955	475	480	16.0	16.0	16.0
15 to 24 years	705	290	415	11.8	9.8	13.8
25 to 44 years	3,325	1,665	1,660	55.6	56.1	55.2
45 years and over	270	155	115	4.5	5.2	3.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,975	2,970	3,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,210	595	615	20.3	20.0	20.5
Brazil	140	65	75	2.3	2.2	2.5
Colombia	520	265	260	8.7	8.9	8.7
El Salvador	45	30	15	0.8	1.0	0.5
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	100	60	45	1.7	2.0	1.5
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	75	25	50	1.3	0.8	1.7
Peru	30	10	25	0.5	0.3	0.8
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	75	35	40	1.3	1.2	1.3
Other places of birth in Americas	220	110	115	3.7	3.7	3.8
Europe	1,720	890	835	28.8	30.0	27.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	95	50	45	1.6	1.7	1.5
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	890	500	390	14.9	16.8	13.0
Germany	55	10	50	0.9	0.3	1.7
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	15	20	0.5	0.5	0.7
Netherlands	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Poland	30	10	20	0.5	0.3	0.7
Portugal	110	65	50	1.8	2.2	1.7
Romania	120	55	65	2.0	1.9	2.2
Russian Federation	15	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	65	35	25	1.1	1.2	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	20	10	0.5	0.7	0.3
Other places of birth in Europe	265	120	140	4.4	4.0	4.7
Africa	2,545	1,250	1,290	42.6	42.1	42.9
Algeria	285	155	125	4.8	5.2	4.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35	10	30	0.6	0.3	1.0
Egypt	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	330	175	155	5.5	5.9	5.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,880	905	975	31.5	30.5	32.4
Asia	485	225	260	8.1	7.6	8.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	15	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	175	70	110	2.9	2.4	3.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	60	25	35	1.0	0.8	1.2
Viet Nam	65	25	35	1.1	0.8	1.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	120	55	65	2.0	1.9	2.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	10	0	0.3	0.3	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,340	645	695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	180	95	90	13.4	14.7	12.9
Brazil	35	15	20	2.6	2.3	2.9
Colombia	50	25	30	3.7	3.9	4.3
Haiti	15	15	0	1.1	2.3	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	15	10	0	1.1	1.6	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	60	35	25	4.5	5.4	3.6
Europe	245	130	115	18.3	20.2	16.5
France	200	115	90	14.9	17.8	12.9
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	25	10	15	1.9	1.6	2.2
Africa	850	385	465	63.4	59.7	66.9
Algeria	20	10	10	1.5	1.6	1.4
Burundi	20	15	0	1.5	2.3	0.0
Cameroon	205	105	100	15.3	16.3	14.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	195	75	120	14.6	11.6	17.3
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	90	40	50	6.7	6.2	7.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	55	15	40	4.1	2.3	5.8
Other places of birth in Africa	250	115	135	18.7	17.8	19.4
Asia	60	30	30	4.5	4.7	4.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	10	15	2.2	1.6	2.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	110,405	54,225	56,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,485	3,740	3,745	6.8	6.9	6.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,675	2,430	2,250	4.2	4.5	4.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	98,245	48,055	50,190	89.0	88.6	89.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,580	2,745	2,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,530	1,870	1,665	63.3	68.1	58.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,620	1,030	590	29.0	37.5	20.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,905	830	1,075	34.1	30.2	37.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,315	495	820	23.6	18.0	28.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	710	375	340	12.7	13.7	12.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	15	10	0.4	0.5	0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,580	2,745	2,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	160	95	70	2.9	3.5	2.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	455	225	230	8.2	8.2	8.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	265	130	135	4.7	4.7	4.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	375	230	145	6.7	8.4	5.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,300	2,065	2,235	77.1	75.2	78.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	110,405	54,225	56,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,400	3,180	3,220	5.8	5.9	5.7
South Asian	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	420	145	275	0.4	0.3	0.5
Black	3,100	1,615	1,485	2.8	3.0	2.6
Filipino	70	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab	1,070	555	510	1.0	1.0	0.9
Latin American	1,105	525	580	1.0	1.0	1.0
Southeast Asian	305	140	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Asian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	95	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	104,005	51,045	52,955	94.2	94.1	94.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	110,410	54,225	56,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	42,170	20,230	21,940	38.2	37.3	39.1
English	1,115	605	505	1.0	1.1	0.9
Irish	4,605	2,260	2,345	4.2	4.2	4.2
Scottish	1,585	740	850	1.4	1.4	1.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	28,025	14,050	13,975	25.4	25.9	24.9
German	990	460	525	0.9	0.8	0.9
Chinese	415	140	280	0.4	0.3	0.5
Italian	1,150	635	520	1.0	1.2	0.9
Indian (India)	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Québécois	14,510	7,220	7,295	13.1	13.3	13.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	130	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Filipino	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	10,450	5,040	5,415	9.5	9.3	9.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,465	1,215	1,250	2.2	2.2	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,220	1,055	1,165	2.0	1.9	2.1
Métis	590	270	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,325	700	620	1.2	1.3	1.1
Russian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	80	65	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Welsh	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	440	230	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
American	465	195	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Spanish	455	235	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swedish	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Acadian	1,200	585	615	1.1	1.1	1.1
Pakistani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	675	345	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jewish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	505	275	230	0.5	0.5	0.4
Greek	55	45	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	995	480	515	0.9	0.9	0.9
Danish	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	335	180	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Belgian	470	200	265	0.4	0.4	0.5
Haitian	235	140	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	245	140	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Finnish	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	655	340	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Moroccan	420	220	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Brazilian	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	210	75	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	145	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	150	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Albanian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	350	180	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	610	305	305	0.6	0.6	0.5
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	280	150	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Guatemalan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Argentinian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	85	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	95	70	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	1,300	655	645	1.2	1.2	1.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	180	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	440	220	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	165	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamileke	160	100	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	50	45	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Beninese	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	110,405	54,225	56,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	230	85	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Christian	77,280	36,600	40,680	70.0	67.5	72.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,320	3,100	3,225	5.7	5.7	5.7
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	285	140	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catholic	68,860	32,455	36,405	62.4	59.9	64.8
Christian Orthodox	330	175	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latter Day Saints	55	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lutheran	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	390	190	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Presbyterian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	680	335	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hindu	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	1,935	1,020	910	1.8	1.9	1.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	105	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	30,600	16,325	14,285	27.7	30.1	25.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	109,355	53,690	55,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	96,700	47,685	49,015	88.4	88.8	88.1
Movers	12,650	6,000	6,650	11.6	11.2	11.9
Non-migrants	9,810	4,590	5,215	9.0	8.5	9.4
Migrants	2,845	1,410	1,435	2.6	2.6	2.6
Internal migrants	2,570	1,260	1,315	2.4	2.3	2.4
Intraprovincial migrants	2,420	1,155	1,265	2.2	2.2	2.3
Interprovincial migrants	155	105	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
External migrants	270	150	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	104,570	51,275	53,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	65,900	32,350	33,545	63.0	63.1	62.9
Movers	38,670	18,920	19,750	37.0	36.9	37.1
Non-migrants	23,280	11,310	11,970	22.3	22.1	22.5
Migrants	15,395	7,615	7,780	14.7	14.9	14.6
Internal migrants	13,715	6,755	6,955	13.1	13.2	13.1
Intraprovincial migrants	13,005	6,320	6,685	12.4	12.3	12.5
Interprovincial migrants	705	435	275	0.7	0.8	0.5
External migrants	1,680	860	825	1.6	1.7	1.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,800	44,205	46,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,055	7,025	6,025	14.4	15.9	12.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	77,745	37,180	40,570	85.6	84.1	87.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,020	29,155	29,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,640	2,950	1,690	7.9	10.1	5.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	54,385	26,205	28,175	92.1	89.9	94.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,800	44,205	46,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,500	5,870	5,630	12.7	13.3	12.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,825	9,585	10,245	21.8	21.7	22.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	59,470	28,755	30,720	65.5	65.0	65.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,835	19,065	18,775	41.7	43.1	40.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15,230	9,390	5,845	16.8	21.2	12.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,930	5,840	5,095	12.0	13.2	10.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,295	3,545	750	4.7	8.0	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,035	8,295	10,745	21.0	18.8	23.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,575	1,385	2,190	3.9	3.1	4.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	21,635	9,690	11,945	23.8	21.9	25.6
Bachelor's degree	14,585	6,280	8,300	16.1	14.2	17.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,730	715	1,015	1.9	1.6	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	450	215	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Master's degree	4,220	2,065	2,155	4.6	4.7	4.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	660	410	245	0.7	0.9	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,025	29,160	29,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,605	2,180	1,420	6.1	7.5	4.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,350	4,950	4,395	15.8	17.0	14.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	46,070	22,025	24,045	78.1	75.5	80.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,140	14,380	13,760	47.7	49.3	46.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,945	7,280	4,665	20.2	25.0	15.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,595	4,500	4,095	14.6	15.4	13.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,345	2,775	570	5.7	9.5	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,745	6,110	7,635	23.3	21.0	25.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,450	985	1,465	4.2	3.4	4.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,925	7,645	10,280	30.4	26.2	34.4
Bachelor's degree	11,900	4,925	6,975	20.2	16.9	23.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,435	545	890	2.4	1.9	3.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	375	165	210	0.6	0.6	0.7
Master's degree	3,640	1,670	1,970	6.2	5.7	6.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	575	335	240	1.0	1.1	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	90,800	44,205	46,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	31,330	15,455	15,875	34.5	35.0	34.1
Education	4,645	1,040	3,605	5.1	2.4	7.7
13. Education	4,645	1,040	3,605	5.1	2.4	7.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,845	740	1,105	2.0	1.7	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	415	270	145	0.5	0.6	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	1,430	475	960	1.6	1.1	2.1
Humanities	2,580	1,035	1,545	2.8	2.3	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	325	65	255	0.4	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,430	615	815	1.6	1.4	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	65	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	100	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	325	70	260	0.4	0.2	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,105	1,655	3,450	5.6	3.7	7.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	705	235	470	0.8	0.5	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,185	120	1,070	1.3	0.3	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	995	295	705	1.1	0.7	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	135	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	735	160	575	0.8	0.4	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,290	785	500	1.4	1.8	1.1
Business, management and public administration	15,360	5,815	9,540	16.9	13.2	20.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	900	185	715	1.0	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,440	5,630	8,810	15.9	12.7	18.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,080	1,140	940	2.3	2.6	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	790	345	440	0.9	0.8	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	215	135	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	435	235	205	0.5	0.5	0.4
40. Physical sciences	535	370	165	0.6	0.8	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,365	2,425	940	3.7	5.5	2.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,965	2,310	660	3.3	5.2	1.4
25. Library science	200	15	180	0.2	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	170	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,500	10,425	1,075	12.7	23.6	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	360	205	155	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	2,030	1,700	325	2.2	3.8	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,335	2,020	315	2.6	4.6	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,880	2,780	105	3.2	6.3	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,475	2,375	100	2.7	5.4	0.2
48. Precision production	1,410	1,350	65	1.6	3.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,105	640	460	1.2	1.4	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	575	215	360	0.6	0.5	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	530	425	100	0.6	1.0	0.2
Health and related fields	7,380	1,305	6,075	8.1	3.0	13.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	425	240	185	0.5	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,780	985	5,800	7.5	2.2	12.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	155	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,470	2,520	1,950	4.9	5.7	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,215	640	1,580	2.4	1.4	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50	50	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,060	770	290	1.2	1.7	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,125	1,045	80	1.2	2.4	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	59,020	29,155	29,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	12,955	7,135	5,820	22.0	24.5	19.5
Education	3,210	635	2,575	5.4	2.2	8.6
13. Education	3,210	635	2,575	5.4	2.2	8.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,415	545	870	2.4	1.9	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	310	195	115	0.5	0.7	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	1,115	350	755	1.9	1.2	2.5
Humanities	1,560	625	930	2.6	2.1	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	240	45	190	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	795	385	410	1.3	1.3	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	55	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	220	35	190	0.4	0.1	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,145	1,250	2,895	7.0	4.3	9.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	605	185	415	1.0	0.6	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	980	105	875	1.7	0.4	2.9
22. Legal professions and studies	800	200	600	1.4	0.7	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	110	30	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	590	100	490	1.0	0.3	1.6
45. Social sciences	1,015	615	395	1.7	2.1	1.3
Business, management and public administration	12,295	4,485	7,810	20.8	15.4	26.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	670	105	565	1.1	0.4	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,605	4,370	7,235	19.7	15.0	24.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,405	755	650	2.4	2.6	2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	680	290	390	1.2	1.0	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	115	75	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	80	55	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	455	305	150	0.8	1.0	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,930	2,140	790	5.0	7.3	2.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,610	2,055	555	4.4	7.0	1.9
25. Library science	155	10	150	0.3	0.0	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,985	8,060	925	15.2	27.6	3.1
04. Architecture and related services	320	180	145	0.5	0.6	0.5
14. Engineering	1,710	1,425	280	2.9	4.9	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,835	1,560	275	3.1	5.4	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,270	2,185	80	3.8	7.5	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,785	1,710	80	3.0	5.9	0.3
48. Precision production	1,060	1,005	55	1.8	3.4	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	890	500	395	1.5	1.7	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	485	185	300	0.8	0.6	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	400	315	95	0.7	1.1	0.3
Health and related fields	5,650	1,035	4,615	9.6	3.5	15.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	335	175	170	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,170	805	4,365	8.8	2.8	14.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	130	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,550	1,975	1,575	6.0	6.8	5.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,750	485	1,265	3.0	1.7	4.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	850	615	235	1.4	2.1	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	915	850	70	1.6	2.9	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	59,020	29,155	29,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,955	7,135	5,820	22.0	24.5	19.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	46,065	22,020	24,045	78.0	75.5	80.5
Location of study inside Canada	43,515	20,725	22,790	73.7	71.1	76.3
Same as province or territory of residence	42,730	20,225	22,510	72.4	69.4	75.4
Different than province or territory of residence	780	500	280	1.3	1.7	0.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,550	1,295	1,255	4.3	4.4	4.2
Americas	615	305	310	1.0	1.0	1.0
United States of America	130	85	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mexico	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Colombia	200	100	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Peru	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	955	530	425	1.6	1.8	1.4
Belgium	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	620	375	245	1.1	1.3	0.8
Germany	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	825	410	415	1.4	1.4	1.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisia	165	80	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	410	200	210	0.7	0.7	0.7
Asia	150	45	105	0.3	0.2	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	90,800	44,200	46,595	...	...	...
In the labour force	61,680	31,320	30,360	...	...	...
Employed	58,210	29,625	28,590	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,465	1,700	1,770	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	29,120	12,885	16,240	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.9	70.9	65.2	67.9	70.9	65.2
Employment rate	64.1	67.0	61.4	64.1	67.0	61.4
Unemployment rate	5.6	5.4	5.8	5.6	5.4	5.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	90,800	44,205	46,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,590	11,965	15,630	30.4	27.1	33.5
Worked	63,205	32,240	30,970	69.6	72.9	66.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	37,400	19,820	17,580	41.2	44.8	37.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	25,810	12,420	13,390	28.4	28.1	28.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.2	43.7	42.7	43.2	43.7	42.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	61,680	31,315	30,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	800	330	470	1.3	1.1	1.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	60,875	30,990	29,890	98.7	99.0	98.5
Employee	56,170	28,195	27,975	91.1	90.0	92.2
Permanent position	48,230	24,450	23,775	78.2	78.1	78.3
Temporary position	7,945	3,745	4,205	12.9	12.0	13.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,930	1,435	1,495	4.8	4.6	4.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,015	2,310	2,705	8.1	7.4	8.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,705	2,795	1,910	7.6	8.9	6.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	61,680	31,315	30,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	800	330	470	1.3	1.1	1.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	60,875	30,990	29,890	98.7	99.0	98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	955	685	270	1.5	2.2	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	13,445	4,450	8,990	21.8	14.2	29.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,945	5,225	1,720	11.3	16.7	5.7
3 Health occupations	5,250	905	4,345	8.5	2.9	14.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,880	3,175	5,705	14.4	10.1	18.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,350	755	590	2.2	2.4	1.9
6 Sales and service occupations	13,900	6,740	7,160	22.5	21.5	23.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,300	7,650	650	13.5	24.4	2.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	370	300	70	0.6	1.0	0.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,490	1,105	385	2.4	3.5	1.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	61,680	31,315	30,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	800	330	470	1.3	1.1	1.5
All industries¹⁹¹	60,875	30,990	29,890	98.7	99.0	98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	200	105	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	125	110	20	0.2	0.4	0.1
22 Utilities	395	315	85	0.6	1.0	0.3
23 Construction	3,555	3,020	540	5.8	9.6	1.8
31-33 Manufacturing	3,855	2,730	1,125	6.3	8.7	3.7
41 Wholesale trade	2,110	1,630	475	3.4	5.2	1.6
44-45 Retail trade	7,490	3,730	3,760	12.1	11.9	12.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,440	1,845	605	4.0	5.9	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	655	430	225	1.1	1.4	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	3,355	1,425	1,930	5.4	4.6	6.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	835	460	375	1.4	1.5	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,025	2,940	2,085	8.1	9.4	6.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,445	1,530	910	4.0	4.9	3.0
61 Educational services	4,295	1,135	3,160	7.0	3.6	10.4
62 Health care and social assistance	8,550	1,575	6,975	13.9	5.0	23.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	700	365	335	1.1	1.2	1.1
72 Accommodation and food services	2,905	1,435	1,470	4.7	4.6	4.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,425	1,170	1,255	3.9	3.7	4.1
91 Public administration	9,425	5,005	4,420	15.3	16.0	14.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	65,785	33,470	32,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	520	290	235	0.8	0.9	0.7
French	55,125	26,805	28,320	83.8	80.1	87.6
Non-official language	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	9,690	6,200	3,490	14.7	18.5	10.8
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	190	75	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	210	80	125	0.3	0.2	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	65,785	33,470	32,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	64,575	32,725	31,850	98.2	97.8	98.6
Official languages	64,505	32,705	31,800	98.1	97.7	98.4
English	1,500	890	605	2.3	2.7	1.9
French	63,000	31,805	31,195	95.8	95.0	96.5
Non-official languages	70	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,210	745	465	1.8	2.2	1.4
English and French	1,145	725	420	1.7	2.2	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	65,785	33,470	32,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	56,875	27,850	29,025	86.5	83.2	89.8
English	7,630	4,885	2,740	11.6	14.6	8.5
French	970	595	375	1.5	1.8	1.2
Non-official language	145	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	125	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	130	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	58,215	29,620	28,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	13,855	6,585	7,275	23.8	22.2	25.4
Worked outside Canada	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
No fixed workplace address	5,325	4,120	1,210	9.1	13.9	4.2
Usual place of work	38,980	18,890	20,090	67.0	63.8	70.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	38,980	18,890	20,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	28,595	12,850	15,745	73.4	68.0	78.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,225	3,165	3,060	16.0	16.8	15.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,120	2,830	1,290	10.6	15.0	6.4
Commute to a different province or territory	40	40	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	44,305	23,005	21,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	39,300	20,820	18,480	88.7	90.5	86.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	37,100	19,995	17,100	83.7	86.9	80.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,200	825	1,380	5.0	3.6	6.5
Public transit	2,720	1,085	1,625	6.1	4.7	7.6
Walked	1,530	635	895	3.5	2.8	4.2
Bicycle	240	200	45	0.5	0.9	0.2
Other method	520	265	255	1.2	1.2	1.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	44,305	23,005	21,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	13,520	6,715	6,805	30.5	29.2	31.9
15 to 29 minutes	22,410	11,925	10,480	50.6	51.8	49.2
30 to 44 minutes	5,830	2,975	2,855	13.2	12.9	13.4
45 to 59 minutes	1,535	830	700	3.5	3.6	3.3
60 minutes and over	1,020	570	450	2.3	2.5	2.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	44,305	23,005	21,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,970	1,535	435	4.4	6.7	2.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,100	6,020	3,080	20.5	26.2	14.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,680	7,340	8,340	35.4	31.9	39.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,660	3,735	4,930	19.5	16.2	23.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,215	1,265	1,955	7.3	5.5	9.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,675	3,115	2,560	12.8	13.5	12.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,590	12,065	11,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,065	1,000	1,065	8.8	8.3	9.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,525	11,060	10,465	91.2	91.7	90.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,305	8,835	8,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,570	765	805	9.1	8.7	9.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,190	575	615	6.9	6.5	7.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	380	190	185	2.2	2.2	2.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,735	8,070	7,665	90.9	91.3	90.5

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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