Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Louis-HébertMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	106,115	51,250	54,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14,540	7,315	7,220	13.7	14.3	13.2
0 to 4 years	4,620	2,310	2,315	4.4	4.5	4.2
5 to 9 years	4,925	2,510	2,415	4.6	4.9	4.4
10 to 14 years	4,990	2,495	2,495	4.7	4.9	4.5
15 to 64 years	65,180	32,660	32,520	61.4	63.7	59.3
15 to 19 years	5,425	2,610	2,810	5.1	5.1	5.1
20 to 24 years	9,000	4,420	4,580	8.5	8.6	8.3
25 to 29 years	8,065	4,210	3,860	7.6	8.2	7.0
30 to 34 years	6,555	3,390	3,165	6.2	6.6	5.8
35 to 39 years	6,215	3,305	2,915	5.9	6.4	5.3
40 to 44 years	6,140	3,150	2,990	5.8	6.1	5.4
45 to 49 years	5,065	2,585	2,485	4.8	5.0	4.5
50 to 54 years	5,180	2,555	2,630	4.9	5.0	4.8
55 to 59 years	6,270	3,020	3,255	5.9	5.9	5.9
60 to 64 years	7,260	3,420	3,840	6.8	6.7	7.0
65 years and over	26,395	11,275	15,120	24.9	22.0	27.6
65 to 69 years	7,130	3,235	3,890	6.7	6.3	7.1
70 to 74 years	6,540	2,905	3,635	6.2	5.7	6.6
75 to 79 years	5,230	2,280	2,950	4.9	4.4	5.4
80 to 84 years	3,680	1,490	2,190	3.5	2.9	4.0
85 years and over	3,815	1,370	2,455	3.6	2.7	4.5
85 to 89 years	2,330	910	1,420	2.2	1.8	2.6
90 to 94 years	1,160	380	775	1.1	0.7	1.4
95 to 99 years	295	65	220	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	40	5	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.7	14.3	13.2	13.7	14.3	13.2
15 to 64 years	61.4	63.7	59.3	61.4	63.7	59.3
65 years and over	24.9	22.0	27.6	24.9	22.0	27.6
85 years and over	3.6	2.7	4.5	3.6	2.7	4.5
Average age of the population	44.0	42.5	45.4	44.0	42.5	45.4
Median age of the population	42.4	40.4	44.8	42.4	40.4	44.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	49,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	16,580	...	...	33.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,685	...	...	5.4	...	...
Row house	1,555	...	...	3.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,345	...	...	2.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	19,765	...	...	39.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	7,585	...	...	15.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	365	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	49,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	20,165	...	...	40.4	...	...
2 persons	17,660	...	...	35.3	...	...
3 persons	5,190	...	...	10.4	...	...
4 persons	4,820	...	...	9.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,125	...	...	4.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	101,710	49,385	52,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	91,580	43,935	47,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	49,875	25,085	24,795	54.5	57.1	52.0
Married	28,825	14,525	14,300	31.5	33.1	30.0
Living common-law	21,050	10,560	10,490	23.0	24.0	22.0
Living common law - Never married	16,890	8,320	8,565	18.4	18.9	18.0
Living common law - Separated	155	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Living common law - Divorced	3,560	1,935	1,625	3.9	4.4	3.4
Living common law - Widowed	445	215	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	41,705	18,855	22,850	45.5	42.9	48.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	29,865	15,250	14,610	32.6	34.7	30.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,090	480	615	1.2	1.1	1.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,110	2,115	3,990	6.7	4.8	8.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,635	1,005	3,630	5.1	2.3	7.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	27,445	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,310	...	...	59.4	...	...
3 persons	4,585	...	...	16.7	...	...
4 persons	4,670	...	...	17.0	...	...
5 or more persons	1,875	...	...	6.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	27,445	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	24,125	...	...	87.9	...	...
Married couples	13,625	...	...	49.6	...	...
With children⁶	5,780	...	...	21.1	...	...
Without children	7,845	...	...	28.6	...	...
Common-law couples	10,500	...	...	38.3	...	...
With children⁶	4,110	...	...	15.0	...	...
Without children	6,385	...	...	23.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,320	...	...	12.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,445	...	...	8.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	875	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	101,710	49,385	52,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	74,950	37,015	37,935	73.7	75.0	72.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	48,250	24,170	24,075	47.4	48.9	46.0
Parents in one-parent families	3,320	875	2,450	3.3	1.8	4.7
Children⁶	23,380	11,970	11,415	23.0	24.2	21.8
In a two-parent family	18,475	9,410	9,065	18.2	19.1	17.3
In a one-parent family	4,905	2,560	2,345	4.8	5.2	4.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	26,760	12,370	14,385	26.3	25.0	27.5
Living alone	20,165	8,685	11,480	19.8	17.6	21.9
Living with other relatives⁷	1,710	780	930	1.7	1.6	1.8
Living with non-relatives only	4,880	2,905	1,975	4.8	5.9	3.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	49,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,485	...	...	53.0	...	...
Couple-family households	23,420	...	...	46.9	...	...
With children⁶	9,620	...	...	19.3	...	...
Without children	13,800	...	...	27.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,065	...	...	6.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	205	...	...	0.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	70	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	525	...	...	1.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,510	...	...	5.0	...	...
One-person households	20,165	...	...	40.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	87,255	42,110	45,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,295	41,180	44,115	97.8	97.8	97.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	52,000	42,000	46,400	52,000	42,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,315	41,190	44,120	97.8	97.8	97.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	44,400	36,800	40,400	44,400	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,020	39,530	41,485	92.9	93.9	91.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	45,200	32,000	38,400	45,200	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,890	31,485	29,405	69.8	74.8	65.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	42,800	34,000	38,400	42,800	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,915	31,115	37,805	79.0	73.9	83.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,400	9,400	11,300	10,400	9,400	11,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,800	3,445	3,350	7.8	8.2	7.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,320	5,720	5,480	5,320	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,085	10,870	10,220	24.2	25.8	22.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	7,000	6,500	6,000	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	87,200	42,090	45,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,245	41,145	44,100	97.8	97.8	97.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,600	68,000	51,750	59,600	68,000	51,750
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,255	41,150	44,100	97.8	97.8	97.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,240	52,600	42,200	47,240	52,600	42,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,850	39,400	41,450	92.7	93.6	91.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,200	62,700	44,200	53,200	62,700	44,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,780	31,450	29,330	69.7	74.7	65.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,500	58,900	45,600	52,500	58,900	45,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,100	31,200	37,900	79.2	74.1	84.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,280	10,500	11,930	11,280	10,500	11,930
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,820	3,470	3,345	7.8	8.2	7.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,410	5,840	9,030	7,410	5,840	9,030
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,040	10,820	10,220	24.1	25.7	22.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,790	7,820	7,770	7,790	7,820	7,770
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	87,200	42,090	45,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,515	15,540	12,975	32.7	36.9	28.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,500	71,500	62,400	67,500	71,500	62,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	81,600	89,000	72,800	81,600	89,000	72,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,005	12,590	13,420	29.8	29.9	29.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,400	17,600	15,300	16,400	17,600	15,300
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,920	33,560	26,520	29,920	33,560	26,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.6	88.2	80.2	84.6	88.2	80.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.8	66.2	58.6	62.8	66.2	58.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.4	11.7	19.8	15.4	11.7	19.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.3	1.0	0.7	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.8	3.4	4.2	3.8	3.4	4.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.2	3.0	3.5	3.2	3.0	3.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	87,255	42,110	45,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,955	930	1,035	2.2	2.2	2.3
With total income	85,295	41,180	44,115	97.8	97.8	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,160	2,280	2,885	6.1	5.5	6.5
$10,000 to $19,999	9,025	3,690	5,335	10.6	9.0	12.1
$20,000 to $29,999	11,900	4,845	7,055	14.0	11.8	16.0
$30,000 to $39,999	9,995	4,405	5,595	11.7	10.7	12.7
$40,000 to $49,999	9,910	4,360	5,550	11.6	10.6	12.6
$50,000 to $59,999	9,150	4,400	4,755	10.7	10.7	10.8
$60,000 to $69,999	6,880	3,665	3,215	8.1	8.9	7.3
$70,000 to $79,999	5,055	2,740	2,315	5.9	6.7	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	4,320	2,315	2,000	5.1	5.6	4.5
$90,000 to $99,999	3,380	1,890	1,490	4.0	4.6	3.4
$100,000 and over	10,510	6,595	3,915	12.3	16.0	8.9
$100,000 to $149,999	6,715	4,025	2,690	7.9	9.8	6.1
$150,000 and over	3,790	2,570	1,225	4.4	6.2	2.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	87,255	42,110	45,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,940	920	1,020	2.2	2.2	2.3
With after-tax income	85,315	41,190	44,120	97.8	97.8	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,875	2,430	3,445	6.9	5.9	7.8
$10,000 to $19,999	9,485	3,925	5,560	11.1	9.5	12.6
$20,000 to $29,999	13,890	5,795	8,100	16.3	14.1	18.4
$30,000 to $39,999	13,000	5,805	7,195	15.2	14.1	16.3
$40,000 to $49,999	12,690	6,015	6,680	14.9	14.6	15.1
$50,000 to $59,999	9,245	4,920	4,325	10.8	11.9	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	6,410	3,485	2,925	7.5	8.5	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,825	2,600	2,225	5.7	6.3	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,935	1,730	1,205	3.4	4.2	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,945	1,175	765	2.3	2.9	1.7
$100,000 and over	5,005	3,300	1,705	5.9	8.0	3.9
$100,000 to $124,999	2,375	1,485	890	2.8	3.6	2.0
$125,000 and over	2,630	1,815	815	3.1	4.4	1.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	87,255	42,110	45,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	26,370	10,625	15,740	30.2	25.2	34.9
With employment income	60,890	31,485	29,405	69.8	74.8	65.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,390	4,255	4,135	13.8	13.5	14.1
$5,000 to $9,999	5,320	2,430	2,895	8.7	7.7	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	7,490	3,465	4,020	12.3	11.0	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	5,210	2,475	2,735	8.6	7.9	9.3
$30,000 to $39,999	4,810	2,400	2,415	7.9	7.6	8.2
$40,000 to $49,999	5,060	2,450	2,610	8.3	7.8	8.9
$50,000 to $59,999	4,650	2,400	2,250	7.6	7.6	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	3,765	2,115	1,650	6.2	6.7	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	3,075	1,650	1,430	5.1	5.2	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,030	1,605	1,425	5.0	5.1	4.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,365	1,345	1,020	3.9	4.3	3.5
$100,000 and over	7,720	4,895	2,820	12.7	15.6	9.6
$100,000 to $124,999	3,240	1,975	1,270	5.3	6.3	4.3
$125,000 and over	4,475	2,925	1,555	7.4	9.3	5.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	87,255	42,110	45,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,880	40,470	43,410	96.1	96.1	96.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	49,600	39,200	44,000	49,600	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,910	40,475	43,435	96.2	96.1	96.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,400	34,400	38,000	42,400	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,700	38,870	40,825	91.3	92.3	90.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,400	32,000	38,000	44,400	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	60,820	31,345	29,480	69.7	74.4	65.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	41,200	32,800	37,200	41,200	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,415	28,325	35,085	72.7	67.3	77.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,600	3,960	8,400	6,600	3,960	8,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,460	2,805	2,655	6.3	6.7	5.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,960	4,360	6,120	4,960	4,360	6,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	87,200	42,090	45,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,700	40,405	43,295	96.0	96.0	96.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,050	65,200	49,480	57,050	65,200	49,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,725	40,420	43,300	96.0	96.0	96.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,040	50,360	40,080	45,040	50,360	40,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,395	38,650	40,745	91.0	91.8	90.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,200	62,500	44,400	53,200	62,500	44,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60,815	31,340	29,475	69.7	74.5	65.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,950	58,650	44,800	51,950	58,650	44,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,480	28,330	35,155	72.8	67.3	77.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,680	7,690	9,470	8,680	7,690	9,470
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,440	2,785	2,650	6.2	6.6	5.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,170	5,165	9,280	7,170	5,165	9,280
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	87,200	42,090	45,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,270	15,420	12,855	32.4	36.6	28.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,800	67,000	58,400	62,800	67,000	58,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,900	84,500	67,600	76,900	84,500	67,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,380	11,800	12,580	28.0	28.0	27.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	20,400	17,400	18,800	20,400	17,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,360	38,440	30,560	34,360	38,440	30,560
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.4	91.8	84.4	88.4	91.8	84.4
Employment income (%)	66.2	69.8	61.6	66.2	69.8	61.6
Government transfers (%)	11.5	8.3	15.6	11.5	8.3	15.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.6	1.2	0.8	0.6	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	49,970	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	20,165	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	44,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	29,800	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	49,950	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	101,700	...	...	101,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,600	...	...	80,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	20,185	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,300	...	...	52,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,640	...	...	42,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	29,770	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	135,200	...	...	135,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,300	...	...	106,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	49,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	630	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	345	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	635	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,050	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,245	...	...	4.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,870	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,715	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,035	...	...	4.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,270	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,210	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,210	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,660	...	...	7.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,215	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,110	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,700	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,070	...	...	36.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,315	...	...	10.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,570	...	...	7.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,385	...	...	8.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,800	...	...	9.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	49,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	705	...	...	1.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	355	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	660	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,110	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,455	...	...	4.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,295	...	...	4.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,275	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,810	...	...	5.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,040	...	...	6.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,630	...	...	5.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,580	...	...	9.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,025	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,740	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,270	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,755	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,260	...	...	26.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,875	...	...	9.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,070	...	...	6.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,315	...	...	10.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	27,890	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,975	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,910	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,000	...	...	155,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,255	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	25,045	11,590	13,455	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	41,200	40,000	40,400	41,200	40,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	36,400	35,600	36,000	36,400	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	27,800	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	139,200	...	...	139,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,900	...	...	108,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,925	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	116,500	...	...	116,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,500	...	...	92,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,940	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	187,000	...	...	187,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...	143,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,245	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	100,900	...	...	100,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,900	...	...	81,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	25,120	11,745	13,370	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,160	50,120	46,440	48,160	50,120	46,440
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,760	40,520	39,040	39,760	40,520	39,040
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	101,710	49,385	52,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,165	8,600	8,560	16.9	17.4	16.4
0 to 5 years	5,520	2,795	2,730	5.4	5.7	5.2
18 to 64 years	60,710	30,320	30,385	59.7	61.4	58.1
65 years and over	23,840	10,460	13,375	23.4	21.2	25.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,255	4,660	5,595	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,240	630	610	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	460	245	215	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,565	3,285	3,280	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,455	745	1,715	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.1	9.4	10.7	10.1	9.4	10.7
0 to 17 years (%)	7.2	7.3	7.1	7.2	7.3	7.1
0 to 5 years (%)	8.4	8.8	7.9	8.4	8.8	7.9
18 to 64 years (%)	10.8	10.8	10.8	10.8	10.8	10.8
65 years and over (%)	10.3	7.1	12.8	10.3	7.1	12.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	101,710	49,385	52,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,165	8,600	8,560	16.9	17.4	16.4
0 to 5 years	5,520	2,795	2,730	5.4	5.7	5.2
18 to 64 years	60,710	30,320	30,385	59.7	61.4	58.1
65 years and over	23,840	10,460	13,375	23.4	21.2	25.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,035	3,495	3,540	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	720	360	360	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	245	130	115	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,520	2,890	2,630	...	...	...
65 years and over	790	245	550	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.9	7.1	6.8	6.9	7.1	6.8
0 to 17 years (%)	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.2
0 to 5 years (%)	4.4	4.6	4.3	4.4	4.6	4.3
18 to 64 years (%)	9.1	9.5	8.7	9.1	9.5	8.7
65 years and over (%)	3.3	2.3	4.1	3.3	2.3	4.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	101,710	49,380	52,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	48,350	22,640	25,705	47.5	45.8	49.1
In bottom decile	9,850	4,675	5,180	9.7	9.5	9.9
In second decile	8,505	3,890	4,615	8.4	7.9	8.8
In third decile	9,530	4,400	5,130	9.4	8.9	9.8
In fourth decile	10,185	4,735	5,450	10.0	9.6	10.4
In fifth decile	10,275	4,940	5,330	10.1	10.0	10.2
In top half of the distribution	53,360	26,740	26,620	52.5	54.2	50.9
In sixth decile	10,535	5,160	5,370	10.4	10.4	10.3
In seventh decile	10,525	5,250	5,275	10.3	10.6	10.1
In eighth decile	10,680	5,325	5,365	10.5	10.8	10.3
In ninth decile	10,065	5,120	4,950	9.9	10.4	9.5
In top decile	11,555	5,890	5,665	11.4	11.9	10.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	101,710	...	...	101,710	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.354	...	...	0.354	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.441	...	...	0.441	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.300	...	...	0.300	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	104,700	50,755	53,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	735	420	320	0.7	0.8	0.6
French only	47,495	20,465	27,025	45.4	40.3	50.1
English and French	55,810	29,545	26,260	53.3	58.2	48.7
Neither English nor French	660	325	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	104,700	50,755	53,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,930	1,505	1,430	2.8	3.0	2.7
French	98,225	47,375	50,850	93.8	93.3	94.3
English and French	2,915	1,570	1,345	2.8	3.1	2.5
Neither English nor French	625	305	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	104,700	50,755	53,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	101,975	49,420	52,555	97.4	97.4	97.4
Official languages	90,595	43,685	46,910	86.5	86.1	87.0
English	2,020	1,015	1,005	1.9	2.0	1.9
French	88,580	42,670	45,910	84.6	84.1	85.1
Non-official languages	11,375	5,735	5,640	10.9	11.3	10.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,325	5,715	5,610	10.8	11.3	10.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,720	1,970	1,750	3.6	3.9	3.2
Berber languages	280	150	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kabyle	225	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,380	1,790	1,595	3.2	3.5	3.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	3,380	1,785	1,595	3.2	3.5	3.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	295	135	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	250	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	180	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	125	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malay	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	190	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,310	2,625	2,690	5.1	5.2	5.0
Albanian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	750	365	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	750	365	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	255	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	285	150	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	150	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Croatian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	510	250	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	430	205	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	410	190	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	280	130	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,820	1,905	1,915	3.6	3.8	3.5
Catalan	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	1,015	525	490	1.0	1.0	0.9
Romanian	325	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	2,340	1,145	1,195	2.2	2.3	2.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	865	465	400	0.8	0.9	0.7
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	30	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	195	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	155	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yoruba	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	495	225	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	495	225	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	400	175	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,725	1,335	1,395	2.6	2.6	2.6
English and French	1,025	485	535	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,340	665	670	1.3	1.3	1.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	170	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	104,700	50,755	53,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,030	530	505	1.0	1.0	0.9
French	86,655	41,585	45,070	82.8	81.9	83.5
Non-official language	3,125	1,560	1,565	3.0	3.1	2.9
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,110	1,555	1,550	3.0	3.1	2.9
English and French	4,860	2,605	2,250	4.6	5.1	4.2
English and non-official language(s)	380	195	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	6,465	3,145	3,320	6.2	6.2	6.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,030	1,065	965	1.9	2.1	1.8
Multiple non-official languages	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	104,700	50,755	53,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	101,615	49,200	52,415	97.1	96.9	97.2
Official languages	95,325	46,060	49,265	91.0	90.7	91.3
English	1,895	965	925	1.8	1.9	1.7
French	93,430	45,095	48,340	89.2	88.8	89.6
Non-official languages	6,290	3,140	3,155	6.0	6.2	5.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,255	3,120	3,130	6.0	6.1	5.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,745	875	870	1.7	1.7	1.6
Berber languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,635	815	815	1.6	1.6	1.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,630	815	815	1.6	1.6	1.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Merina	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,560	1,800	1,760	3.4	3.5	3.3
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	410	205	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	410	205	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	370	180	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	335	160	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	315	150	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian Persian	220	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,725	1,380	1,340	2.6	2.7	2.5
Catalan	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	840	435	400	0.8	0.9	0.7
Romanian	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Spanish	1,700	860	840	1.6	1.7	1.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	200	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	360	175	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	360	175	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	315	150	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,085	1,555	1,530	2.9	3.1	2.8
English and French	910	465	445	0.9	0.9	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,850	930	920	1.8	1.8	1.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	104,700	50,755	53,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	93,315	44,930	48,390	89.1	88.5	89.7
English	3,885	2,100	1,780	3.7	4.1	3.3
French	2,890	1,445	1,450	2.8	2.8	2.7
Non-official language	2,870	1,385	1,490	2.7	2.7	2.8
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,860	1,375	1,485	2.7	2.7	2.8
English and French	460	250	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	800	425	380	0.8	0.8	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	210	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	101,640	49,390	52,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	100,920	49,020	51,900	99.3	99.3	99.3
English	55,500	29,600	25,900	54.6	59.9	49.6
French	100,230	48,620	51,605	98.6	98.4	98.8
Non-official languages	20,430	9,760	10,670	20.1	19.8	20.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	20,355	9,720	10,630	20.0	19.7	20.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,510	2,880	2,630	5.4	5.8	5.0
Berber languages	355	205	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kabyle	280	155	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamazight	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hausa	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	5,340	2,785	2,555	5.3	5.6	4.9
Amharic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	5,300	2,760	2,545	5.2	5.6	4.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	465	240	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	400	215	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	205	65	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Merina	70	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	475	250	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
Haitian Creole	385	200	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,835	5,460	6,380	11.6	11.1	12.2
Albanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	45	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,120	550	575	1.1	1.1	1.1
Baltic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,115	545	575	1.1	1.1	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	595	305	295	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	315	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	200	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	780	385	400	0.8	0.8	0.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	700	345	350	0.7	0.7	0.7
German	695	340	350	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	585	300	280	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	155	100	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	430	210	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	400	195	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	295	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	9,765	4,420	5,345	9.6	8.9	10.2
Catalan	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italian	825	375	450	0.8	0.8	0.9
Portuguese	1,455	750	700	1.4	1.5	1.3
Romanian	400	180	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	7,745	3,400	4,340	7.6	6.9	8.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	155	100	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Korean	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,565	765	800	1.5	1.5	1.5
Akan (Twi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	70	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	135	90	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	205	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Luba-Kasai	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wolof	350	160	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Yoruba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	480	225	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	715	290	425	0.7	0.6	0.8
Chinese languages	710	285	425	0.7	0.6	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	620	245	370	0.6	0.5	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	101,635	49,390	52,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,160	550	605	1.1	1.1	1.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,065	510	555	1.0	1.0	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	595	260	335	0.6	0.5	0.6
Métis	405	210	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	100,480	48,840	51,640	98.9	98.9	98.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	101,635	49,390	52,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	375	170	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	101,260	49,215	52,045	99.6	99.6	99.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	49,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	26,810	...	...	53.7	...	...
Renter	23,135	...	...	46.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	49,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	10,495	...	...	21.0	...	...
Not condominium	39,455	...	...	79.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	49,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	710	...	...	1.4	...	...
1 bedroom	10,730	...	...	21.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	15,125	...	...	30.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,945	...	...	25.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,440	...	...	20.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	49,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	22,105	...	...	44.3	...	...
5 rooms	7,000	...	...	14.0	...	...
6 rooms	3,780	...	...	7.6	...	...
7 rooms	3,885	...	...	7.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,185	...	...	26.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	49,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	49,455	...	...	99.0	...	...
More than one person per room	495	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	49,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	48,700	...	...	97.5	...	...
Not suitable	1,255	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	49,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,495	...	...	15.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,555	...	...	33.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	9,670	...	...	19.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,610	...	...	11.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,885	...	...	5.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,840	...	...	3.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,335	...	...	4.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,550	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	49,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	47,575	...	...	95.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,375	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	49,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	28,615	...	...	57.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,390	...	...	40.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	940	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	49,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,595	...	...	7.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,885	...	...	15.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,215	...	...	14.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,220	...	...	12.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,555	...	...	17.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,950	...	...	17.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,610	...	...	11.2	...	...
85 years and over	1,915	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	49,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	41,130	...	...	82.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,510	...	...	17.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,610	...	...	15.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	49,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,545	...	...	23.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,995	...	...	16.0	...	...
Not suitable only	1,010	...	...	2.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,945	...	...	3.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	160	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	345	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	38,410	...	...	76.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	48,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,030	...	...	4.2	...	...
Not in core need	46,710	...	...	95.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	26,790	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	51.9	...	...	51.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.0	...	...	8.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.2	...	...	1.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,224	...	...	1,224	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	399,600	...	...	399,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,140	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.9	...	...	27.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.7	...	...	7.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...	900	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	985	...	...	985	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	101,640	49,390	52,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	775	305	470	0.8	0.6	0.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	760	300	465	0.7	0.6	0.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	610	240	370	0.6	0.5	0.7
Métis single ancestry	130	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,860	790	1,065	1.8	1.6	2.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,840	790	1,045	1.8	1.6	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,675	710	960	1.6	1.4	1.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	135	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	99,000	48,285	50,715	97.4	97.8	97.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	101,635	49,390	52,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	91,445	44,180	47,265	90.0	89.5	90.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	15,150	7,575	7,565	14.9	15.3	14.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	76,300	36,605	39,700	75.1	74.1	76.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	10,190	5,205	4,985	10.0	10.5	9.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	101,635	49,390	52,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	83,220	40,080	43,140	81.9	81.2	82.6
Immigrants⁸¹	12,905	6,395	6,510	12.7	12.9	12.5
Before 1980	1,005	570	440	1.0	1.2	0.8
1980 to 1990	720	395	330	0.7	0.8	0.6
1991 to 2000	1,365	605	765	1.3	1.2	1.5
2001 to 2010	3,640	1,795	1,840	3.6	3.6	3.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	6,165	3,030	3,135	6.1	6.1	6.0
2011 to 2015	2,580	1,270	1,310	2.5	2.6	2.5
2016 to 2021	3,590	1,760	1,825	3.5	3.6	3.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	5,520	2,915	2,595	5.4	5.9	5.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	12,905	6,390	6,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,285	600	685	10.0	9.4	10.5
5 to 14 years	2,005	1,005	995	15.5	15.7	15.3
15 to 24 years	1,645	755	895	12.7	11.8	13.7
25 to 44 years	7,175	3,650	3,520	55.6	57.1	54.1
45 years and over	795	380	415	6.2	5.9	6.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	12,905	6,390	6,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,890	1,350	1,540	22.4	21.1	23.7
Brazil	465	245	225	3.6	3.8	3.5
Colombia	975	435	535	7.6	6.8	8.2
El Salvador	35	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	395	205	185	3.1	3.2	2.8
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	240	90	145	1.9	1.4	2.2
Peru	100	50	55	0.8	0.8	0.8
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	205	85	115	1.6	1.3	1.8
Other places of birth in Americas	470	205	265	3.6	3.2	4.1
Europe	3,465	1,735	1,730	26.9	27.2	26.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	215	110	110	1.7	1.7	1.7
Croatia	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	1,865	990	875	14.5	15.5	13.4
Germany	80	25	45	0.6	0.4	0.7
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italy	95	50	45	0.7	0.8	0.7
Netherlands	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Poland	100	50	45	0.8	0.8	0.7
Portugal	40	15	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romania	250	110	140	1.9	1.7	2.2
Russian Federation	100	35	60	0.8	0.5	0.9
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	105	45	60	0.8	0.7	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	40	20	0.5	0.6	0.3
Other places of birth in Europe	505	240	265	3.9	3.8	4.1
Africa	4,935	2,600	2,340	38.2	40.7	35.9
Algeria	650	355	295	5.0	5.6	4.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	245	130	115	1.9	2.0	1.8
Egypt	55	30	30	0.4	0.5	0.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Morocco	1,105	565	535	8.6	8.8	8.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other places of birth in Africa	2,860	1,515	1,350	22.2	23.7	20.7
Asia	1,595	705	890	12.4	11.0	13.7
Afghanistan	60	25	35	0.5	0.4	0.5
Iran⁸⁸	160	75	85	1.2	1.2	1.3
Iraq	35	15	15	0.3	0.2	0.2
Lebanon	105	65	40	0.8	1.0	0.6
Syria⁸⁹	205	115	90	1.6	1.8	1.4
Turkey	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
China⁹⁰	380	115	265	2.9	1.8	4.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	35	0	35	0.3	0.0	0.5
Viet Nam	235	120	120	1.8	1.9	1.8
Bangladesh	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
India	40	30	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
Pakistan	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	270	115	155	2.1	1.8	2.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,595	1,760	1,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	585	290	290	16.3	16.5	15.8
Brazil	210	120	95	5.8	6.8	5.2
Colombia	180	85	95	5.0	4.8	5.2
Haiti	60	25	35	1.7	1.4	1.9
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	20	15	0	0.6	0.9	0.0
United States of America	15	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	20	20	1.0	1.1	1.1
Other places of birth in Americas	60	30	30	1.7	1.7	1.6
Europe	620	305	315	17.2	17.3	17.2
France	440	220	215	12.2	12.5	11.7
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	50	25	30	1.4	1.4	1.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	115	55	55	3.2	3.1	3.0
Africa	1,940	950	990	54.0	54.0	54.1
Algeria	125	55	70	3.5	3.1	3.8
Burundi	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Cameroon	295	140	155	8.2	8.0	8.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	105	55	50	2.9	3.1	2.7
Côte d'Ivoire	280	135	140	7.8	7.7	7.7
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	365	160	205	10.2	9.1	11.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	370	215	155	10.3	12.2	8.5
Other places of birth in Africa	390	185	205	10.8	10.5	11.2
Asia	450	210	230	12.5	11.9	12.6
Afghanistan	25	10	15	0.7	0.6	0.8
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	55	25	30	1.5	1.4	1.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	45	15	30	1.3	0.9	1.6
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Jordan	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	30	20	10	0.8	1.1	0.5
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Saudi Arabia	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	150	80	70	4.2	4.5	3.8
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	25	10	15	0.7	0.6	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	35	25	15	1.0	1.4	0.8
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	101,640	49,385	52,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	19,405	9,690	9,720	19.1	19.6	18.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	7,470	3,725	3,745	7.3	7.5	7.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	74,760	35,975	38,785	73.6	72.8	74.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	11,895	5,825	6,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	7,615	4,095	3,520	64.0	70.3	57.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,740	2,535	1,205	31.4	43.5	19.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,875	1,560	2,315	32.6	26.8	38.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,575	885	1,685	21.6	15.2	27.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,650	805	850	13.9	13.8	14.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	60	40	20	0.5	0.7	0.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	11,895	5,825	6,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	260	135	125	2.2	2.3	2.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	990	505	485	8.3	8.7	8.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	585	275	305	4.9	4.7	5.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,120	665	455	9.4	11.4	7.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	8,910	4,230	4,680	74.9	72.6	77.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	101,640	49,390	52,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	15,770	7,765	8,010	15.5	15.7	15.3
South Asian	265	165	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Chinese	945	305	640	0.9	0.6	1.2
Black	5,485	2,775	2,710	5.4	5.6	5.2
Filipino	85	15	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab	4,485	2,315	2,170	4.4	4.7	4.2
Latin American	2,735	1,305	1,430	2.7	2.6	2.7
Southeast Asian	745	370	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
West Asian	390	200	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Korean	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japanese	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	345	160	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	85,870	41,625	44,240	84.5	84.3	84.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	101,640	49,390	52,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	27,855	13,275	14,580	27.4	26.9	27.9
English	1,560	790	770	1.5	1.6	1.5
Irish	4,485	2,145	2,335	4.4	4.3	4.5
Scottish	1,810	950	860	1.8	1.9	1.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	31,645	15,665	15,980	31.1	31.7	30.6
German	1,300	630	675	1.3	1.3	1.3
Chinese	1,055	355	700	1.0	0.7	1.3
Italian	1,725	835	890	1.7	1.7	1.7
Indian (India)	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	335	160	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	145	75	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Polish	490	245	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Québécois	10,370	5,095	5,275	10.2	10.3	10.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	290	135	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Filipino	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	8,315	3,920	4,395	8.2	7.9	8.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,075	960	1,115	2.0	1.9	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,295	500	800	1.3	1.0	1.5
Métis	300	105	195	0.3	0.2	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,545	780	765	1.5	1.6	1.5
Russian	365	155	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Norwegian	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	380	135	250	0.4	0.3	0.5
American	450	210	240	0.4	0.4	0.5
Spanish	815	420	395	0.8	0.9	0.8
Swedish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	115	80	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Acadian	995	435	560	1.0	0.9	1.1
Pakistani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	995	540	465	1.0	1.1	0.9
Jewish	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	590	315	280	0.6	0.6	0.5
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	2,030	1,110	920	2.0	2.2	1.8
Greek	155	100	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jamaican	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	45	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	385	185	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanese	445	270	175	0.4	0.5	0.3
Iranian	285	150	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	620	320	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Danish	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	145	40	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Belgian	655	305	345	0.6	0.6	0.7
Haitian	565	275	285	0.6	0.6	0.5
Hindu	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mexican	470	200	275	0.5	0.4	0.5
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	310	150	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	470	250	215	0.5	0.5	0.4
Egyptian	135	85	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	230	135	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	1,290	615	680	1.3	1.2	1.3
Moroccan	1,375	690	680	1.4	1.4	1.3
Czech	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Syrian	145	75	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algerian	720	380	350	0.7	0.8	0.7
Brazilian	875	440	435	0.9	0.9	0.8
Nigerian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	120	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	485	230	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nova Scotian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	155	60	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Berber	515	325	195	0.5	0.7	0.4
Albanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	165	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	1,490	775	715	1.5	1.6	1.4
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	230	95	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	570	300	275	0.6	0.6	0.5
Guatemalan	50	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Laotian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	95	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	145	80	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	205	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	125	75	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	200	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	245	130	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	460	225	230	0.5	0.5	0.4
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	85	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mauritian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	315	175	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamileke	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	150	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	100	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	170	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	101,640	49,390	52,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	310	140	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian	64,800	29,780	35,025	63.8	60.3	67.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,550	2,590	2,960	5.5	5.2	5.7
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	250	125	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Catholic	56,500	25,875	30,625	55.6	52.4	58.6
Christian Orthodox	600	280	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latter Day Saints	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	395	165	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Presbyterian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Reformed	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,065	495	570	1.0	1.0	1.1
Hindu	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	7,200	3,725	3,470	7.1	7.5	6.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	170	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	28,970	15,565	13,410	28.5	31.5	25.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	100,780	48,980	51,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	85,505	41,260	44,240	84.8	84.2	85.4
Movers	15,275	7,720	7,560	15.2	15.8	14.6
Non-migrants	10,495	5,375	5,120	10.4	11.0	9.9
Migrants	4,780	2,345	2,440	4.7	4.8	4.7
Internal migrants	3,390	1,640	1,750	3.4	3.3	3.4
Intraprovincial migrants	3,100	1,500	1,600	3.1	3.1	3.1
Interprovincial migrants	290	140	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	1,390	700	690	1.4	1.4	1.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	96,995	47,075	49,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	54,815	26,095	28,715	56.5	55.4	57.5
Movers	42,180	20,975	21,205	43.5	44.6	42.5
Non-migrants	20,420	10,275	10,145	21.1	21.8	20.3
Migrants	21,765	10,705	11,055	22.4	22.7	22.1
Internal migrants	14,570	7,070	7,505	15.0	15.0	15.0
Intraprovincial migrants	13,810	6,695	7,115	14.2	14.2	14.3
Interprovincial migrants	760	380	385	0.8	0.8	0.8
External migrants	7,185	3,635	3,555	7.4	7.7	7.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	87,205	42,095	45,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,050	3,575	3,470	8.1	8.5	7.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	80,155	38,515	41,645	91.9	91.5	92.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	49,995	25,200	24,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,265	1,335	935	4.5	5.3	3.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	47,725	23,875	23,860	95.5	94.7	96.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	87,200	42,090	45,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,130	2,925	3,205	7.0	6.9	7.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,890	6,185	7,705	15.9	14.7	17.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	67,185	32,980	34,200	77.0	78.4	75.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,065	13,615	14,445	32.2	32.3	32.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,285	4,365	2,920	8.4	10.4	6.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,370	2,835	2,530	6.2	6.7	5.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,920	1,535	390	2.2	3.6	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,950	7,720	9,225	19.4	18.3	20.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,830	1,525	2,305	4.4	3.6	5.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	39,120	19,365	19,760	44.9	46.0	43.8
Bachelor's degree	21,480	10,340	11,140	24.6	24.6	24.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,185	1,450	1,730	3.7	3.4	3.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,605	780	825	1.8	1.9	1.8
Master's degree	10,185	5,080	5,105	11.7	12.1	11.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,670	1,705	965	3.1	4.1	2.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	49,995	25,200	24,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,670	935	735	3.3	3.7	3.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,655	2,495	2,160	9.3	9.9	8.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,670	21,775	21,900	87.3	86.4	88.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,725	8,380	7,340	31.5	33.3	29.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,815	2,940	1,870	9.6	11.7	7.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,530	1,895	1,635	7.1	7.5	6.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,280	1,050	235	2.6	4.2	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,920	4,495	4,420	17.8	17.8	17.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,990	940	1,055	4.0	3.7	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	27,945	13,395	14,555	55.9	53.2	58.7
Bachelor's degree	14,655	7,090	7,565	29.3	28.1	30.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,265	945	1,320	4.5	3.8	5.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,115	460	660	2.2	1.8	2.7
Master's degree	7,970	3,770	4,205	15.9	15.0	17.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,940	1,125	810	3.9	4.5	3.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	87,200	42,090	45,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,020	9,110	10,910	23.0	21.6	24.2
Education	4,680	1,110	3,570	5.4	2.6	7.9
13. Education	4,680	1,110	3,570	5.4	2.6	7.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,125	880	1,240	2.4	2.1	2.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	355	190	170	0.4	0.5	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	1,765	695	1,070	2.0	1.7	2.4
Humanities	4,775	2,115	2,660	5.5	5.0	5.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	830	220	610	1.0	0.5	1.4
23. English language and literature/letters	125	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,200	1,100	1,100	2.5	2.6	2.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	280	200	80	0.3	0.5	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	175	120	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	370	205	160	0.4	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	755	210	545	0.9	0.5	1.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,305	3,275	5,025	9.5	7.8	11.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	965	300	670	1.1	0.7	1.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	985	170	810	1.1	0.4	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	2,205	975	1,230	2.5	2.3	2.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	260	45	215	0.3	0.1	0.5
42. Psychology	1,280	340	935	1.5	0.8	2.1
45. Social sciences	2,560	1,435	1,130	2.9	3.4	2.5
Business, management and public administration	16,230	7,500	8,735	18.6	17.8	19.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,015	240	770	1.2	0.6	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,215	7,255	7,955	17.4	17.2	17.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,675	2,470	2,200	5.4	5.9	4.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,730	815	920	2.0	1.9	2.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	430	260	165	0.5	0.6	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	1,305	600	700	1.5	1.4	1.6
40. Physical sciences	1,060	735	325	1.2	1.7	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	150	50	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,575	3,255	1,325	5.2	7.7	2.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,820	2,895	925	4.4	6.9	2.1
25. Library science	330	70	260	0.4	0.2	0.6
27. Mathematics and statistics	355	225	135	0.4	0.5	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	65	65	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,210	7,885	1,320	10.6	18.7	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	630	390	240	0.7	0.9	0.5
14. Engineering	3,990	3,250	745	4.6	7.7	1.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,760	1,520	235	2.0	3.6	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,155	1,115	40	1.3	2.6	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,045	1,010	35	1.2	2.4	0.1
48. Precision production	625	605	15	0.7	1.4	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,485	880	605	1.7	2.1	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	830	410	415	1.0	1.0	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	655	470	185	0.8	1.1	0.4
Health and related fields	8,555	2,080	6,475	9.8	4.9	14.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	555	305	255	0.6	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,325	1,390	5,935	8.4	3.3	13.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	660	375	285	0.8	0.9	0.6
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,515	1,515	1,005	2.9	3.6	2.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,340	490	850	1.5	1.2	1.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	470	370	100	0.5	0.9	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	675	625	50	0.8	1.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	49,995	25,200	24,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,325	3,430	2,895	12.7	13.6	11.7
Education	2,385	520	1,865	4.8	2.1	7.5
13. Education	2,385	520	1,865	4.8	2.1	7.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,390	600	790	2.8	2.4	3.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	245	135	110	0.5	0.5	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	1,145	465	675	2.3	1.8	2.7
Humanities	2,210	985	1,220	4.4	3.9	4.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	500	135	365	1.0	0.5	1.5
23. English language and literature/letters	85	35	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	795	435	360	1.6	1.7	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	170	120	55	0.3	0.5	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	60	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
54. History	175	100	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	400	100	300	0.8	0.4	1.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,725	2,095	3,630	11.5	8.3	14.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	770	245	525	1.5	1.0	2.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	720	130	590	1.4	0.5	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	1,515	575	945	3.0	2.3	3.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	160	40	120	0.3	0.2	0.5
42. Psychology	855	230	625	1.7	0.9	2.5
45. Social sciences	1,680	865	805	3.4	3.4	3.2
Business, management and public administration	11,140	4,985	6,155	22.3	19.8	24.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	655	150	500	1.3	0.6	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,480	4,830	5,650	21.0	19.2	22.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,460	1,335	1,125	4.9	5.3	4.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,260	590	675	2.5	2.3	2.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	155	90	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	205	135	70	0.4	0.5	0.3
40. Physical sciences	765	495	275	1.5	2.0	1.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	35	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,750	2,715	1,035	7.5	10.8	4.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,295	2,490	805	6.6	9.9	3.2
25. Library science	170	40	130	0.3	0.2	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	230	140	95	0.5	0.6	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	45	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,705	5,575	1,130	13.4	22.1	4.6
04. Architecture and related services	420	230	195	0.8	0.9	0.8
14. Engineering	3,155	2,485	675	6.3	9.9	2.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,180	1,000	185	2.4	4.0	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	790	750	35	1.6	3.0	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	725	690	30	1.5	2.7	0.1
48. Precision production	430	420	10	0.9	1.7	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,045	555	490	2.1	2.2	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	580	250	335	1.2	1.0	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	465	305	155	0.9	1.2	0.6
Health and related fields	4,985	1,335	3,650	10.0	5.3	14.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	390	205	180	0.8	0.8	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,135	910	3,220	8.3	3.6	13.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	450	210	240	0.9	0.8	1.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,830	1,060	770	3.7	4.2	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,000	355	640	2.0	1.4	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	335	245	90	0.7	1.0	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	480	435	45	1.0	1.7	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	49,995	25,200	24,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,325	3,430	2,895	12.7	13.6	11.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	43,675	21,770	21,895	87.4	86.4	88.3
Location of study inside Canada	36,390	18,045	18,345	72.8	71.6	74.0
Same as province or territory of residence	35,595	17,575	18,020	71.2	69.7	72.7
Different than province or territory of residence	795	470	325	1.6	1.9	1.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	7,280	3,730	3,550	14.6	14.8	14.3
Americas	1,775	910	865	3.6	3.6	3.5
United States of America	225	165	65	0.5	0.7	0.3
Mexico	190	85	100	0.4	0.3	0.4
Cuba	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	620	320	295	1.2	1.3	1.2
Colombia	455	220	235	0.9	0.9	0.9
Peru	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	2,435	1,345	1,090	4.9	5.3	4.4
Belgium	110	65	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
France	1,690	955	740	3.4	3.8	3.0
Germany	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Switzerland	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Poland	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	105	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	80	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	140	70	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Africa	2,485	1,220	1,265	5.0	4.8	5.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	330	150	180	0.7	0.6	0.7
Morocco	515	245	265	1.0	1.0	1.1
Tunisia	895	455	435	1.8	1.8	1.8
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	740	355	385	1.5	1.4	1.6
Asia	560	235	320	1.1	0.9	1.3
Iran⁸⁸	150	75	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	135	65	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oceania	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Australia	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	87,205	42,090	45,115	...	...	...
In the labour force	54,605	28,415	26,185	...	...	...
Employed	50,580	26,450	24,125	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,025	1,965	2,060	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	32,595	13,675	18,925	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.6	67.5	58.0	62.6	67.5	58.0
Employment rate	58.0	62.8	53.5	58.0	62.8	53.5
Unemployment rate	7.4	6.9	7.9	7.4	6.9	7.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	87,200	42,090	45,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	30,635	12,805	17,835	35.1	30.4	39.5
Worked	56,565	29,290	27,275	64.9	69.6	60.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	29,205	15,985	13,220	33.5	38.0	29.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,360	13,300	14,060	31.4	31.6	31.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	42.0	40.3	41.2	42.0	40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	54,605	28,415	26,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	865	425	440	1.6	1.5	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	53,740	27,995	25,750	98.4	98.5	98.3
Employee	47,625	24,220	23,400	87.2	85.2	89.3
Permanent position	37,560	19,630	17,925	68.8	69.1	68.4
Temporary position	10,065	4,585	5,475	18.4	16.1	20.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	4,250	1,840	2,410	7.8	6.5	9.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,810	2,745	3,065	10.6	9.7	11.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,115	3,770	2,350	11.2	13.3	9.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	54,605	28,415	26,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	865	425	440	1.6	1.5	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	53,740	27,995	25,750	98.4	98.5	98.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,195	810	385	2.2	2.9	1.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,110	4,405	6,710	20.3	15.5	25.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	8,010	5,960	2,050	14.7	21.0	7.8
3 Health occupations	5,510	1,530	3,980	10.1	5.4	15.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,575	3,425	5,155	15.7	12.1	19.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,815	865	950	3.3	3.0	3.6
6 Sales and service occupations	12,045	6,165	5,880	22.1	21.7	22.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,275	3,955	320	7.8	13.9	1.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	300	235	65	0.5	0.8	0.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	895	645	255	1.6	2.3	1.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	54,605	28,415	26,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	865	425	440	1.6	1.5	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	53,740	27,995	25,750	98.4	98.5	98.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	325	210	115	0.6	0.7	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	105	90	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
22 Utilities	155	110	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
23 Construction	1,655	1,405	250	3.0	4.9	1.0
31-33 Manufacturing	2,980	2,090	895	5.5	7.4	3.4
41 Wholesale trade	1,200	870	330	2.2	3.1	1.3
44-45 Retail trade	5,635	2,655	2,980	10.3	9.3	11.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,615	1,285	330	3.0	4.5	1.3
51 Information and cultural industries	825	525	305	1.5	1.8	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	3,385	1,715	1,670	6.2	6.0	6.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	940	565	375	1.7	2.0	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,370	4,205	2,165	11.7	14.8	8.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	100	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,880	1,170	710	3.4	4.1	2.7
61 Educational services	5,405	2,215	3,190	9.9	7.8	12.2
62 Health care and social assistance	7,955	2,195	5,760	14.6	7.7	22.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	870	400	470	1.6	1.4	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	2,950	1,635	1,315	5.4	5.8	5.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,705	745	965	3.1	2.6	3.7
91 Public administration	7,675	3,835	3,835	14.1	13.5	14.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	59,760	30,870	28,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	825	500	320	1.4	1.6	1.1
French	46,710	23,165	23,545	78.2	75.0	81.5
Non-official language	130	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	130	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	11,350	6,815	4,535	19.0	22.1	15.7
English and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	280	95	185	0.5	0.3	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	400	180	220	0.7	0.6	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	59,760	30,870	28,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	58,315	30,065	28,250	97.6	97.4	97.8
Official languages	58,070	29,940	28,130	97.2	97.0	97.4
English	2,175	1,320	860	3.6	4.3	3.0
French	55,900	28,620	27,275	93.5	92.7	94.4
Non-official languages	240	125	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	240	125	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	180	90	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	145	80	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	135	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,445	805	640	2.4	2.6	2.2
English and French	1,325	755	570	2.2	2.4	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	70	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	59,760	30,870	28,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	49,030	24,515	24,515	82.0	79.4	84.9
English	8,815	5,305	3,505	14.8	17.2	12.1
French	1,365	805	555	2.3	2.6	1.9
Non-official language	245	90	155	0.4	0.3	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	225	85	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and French	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	230	95	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	50,580	26,450	24,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	16,310	8,640	7,670	32.2	32.7	31.8
Worked outside Canada	115	80	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	3,820	2,700	1,125	7.6	10.2	4.7
Usual place of work	30,330	15,030	15,300	60.0	56.8	63.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	30,325	15,030	15,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	25,140	11,870	13,270	82.9	79.0	86.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,640	950	690	5.4	6.3	4.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,480	2,160	1,315	11.5	14.4	8.6
Commute to a different province or territory	65	45	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	34,150	17,725	16,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	25,930	13,885	12,045	75.9	78.3	73.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	24,180	13,255	10,925	70.8	74.8	66.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,750	630	1,120	5.1	3.6	6.8
Public transit	4,285	1,800	2,485	12.5	10.2	15.1
Walked	2,855	1,305	1,550	8.4	7.4	9.4
Bicycle	565	450	115	1.7	2.5	0.7
Other method	510	285	220	1.5	1.6	1.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	34,150	17,725	16,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	12,170	6,015	6,150	35.6	33.9	37.4
15 to 29 minutes	15,810	8,545	7,265	46.3	48.2	44.2
30 to 44 minutes	4,135	2,060	2,080	12.1	11.6	12.7
45 to 59 minutes	1,160	600	565	3.4	3.4	3.4
60 minutes and over	875	510	360	2.6	2.9	2.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	34,150	17,725	16,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,025	790	240	3.0	4.5	1.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,210	2,740	1,475	12.3	15.5	9.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,695	5,670	6,025	34.2	32.0	36.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,970	4,090	4,880	26.3	23.1	29.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,445	1,695	1,750	10.1	9.6	10.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,800	2,740	2,065	14.1	15.5	12.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	17,515	8,785	8,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,965	1,005	955	11.2	11.4	10.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,545	7,770	7,770	88.8	88.4	89.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,605	6,330	6,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,600	820	780	12.7	13.0	12.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,215	605	610	9.6	9.6	9.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	385	215	170	3.1	3.4	2.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,005	5,505	5,495	87.3	87.0	87.6

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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