Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Louis-HébertMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	111,322	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	103,346	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.7	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	57,561	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	52,378	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,179.2	...	...	1,179.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	94.40	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	111,325	53,670	57,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,300	7,695	7,605	13.7	14.3	13.2
0 to 4 years	4,825	2,400	2,420	4.3	4.5	4.2
5 to 9 years	5,195	2,650	2,545	4.7	4.9	4.4
10 to 14 years	5,290	2,645	2,645	4.8	4.9	4.6
15 to 64 years	68,135	34,075	34,060	61.2	63.5	59.1
15 to 19 years	5,700	2,745	2,960	5.1	5.1	5.1
20 to 24 years	9,310	4,590	4,725	8.4	8.6	8.2
25 to 29 years	8,300	4,320	3,980	7.5	8.0	6.9
30 to 34 years	6,800	3,525	3,275	6.1	6.6	5.7
35 to 39 years	6,520	3,445	3,075	5.9	6.4	5.3
40 to 44 years	6,450	3,300	3,150	5.8	6.1	5.5
45 to 49 years	5,330	2,705	2,625	4.8	5.0	4.6
50 to 54 years	5,435	2,675	2,765	4.9	5.0	4.8
55 to 59 years	6,610	3,165	3,450	5.9	5.9	6.0
60 to 64 years	7,670	3,605	4,060	6.9	6.7	7.0
65 years and over	27,885	11,905	15,980	25.0	22.2	27.7
65 to 69 years	7,545	3,415	4,130	6.8	6.4	7.2
70 to 74 years	6,915	3,080	3,835	6.2	5.7	6.7
75 to 79 years	5,535	2,420	3,120	5.0	4.5	5.4
80 to 84 years	3,875	1,565	2,305	3.5	2.9	4.0
85 years and over	4,020	1,425	2,600	3.6	2.7	4.5
85 to 89 years	2,445	955	1,495	2.2	1.8	2.6
90 to 94 years	1,215	395	820	1.1	0.7	1.4
95 to 99 years	320	70	250	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	40	5	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.7	14.3	13.2	13.7	14.3	13.2
15 to 64 years	61.2	63.5	59.1	61.2	63.5	59.1
65 years and over	25.0	22.2	27.7	25.0	22.2	27.7
85 years and over	3.6	2.7	4.5	3.6	2.7	4.5
Average age of the population	44.1	42.6	45.5	44.1	42.6	45.5
Median age of the population	42.8	40.8	45.2	42.8	40.8	45.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	52,380	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	17,390	...	...	33.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,745	...	...	5.2	...	...
Row house	1,590	...	...	3.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,585	...	...	3.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	20,620	...	...	39.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	7,990	...	...	15.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	95	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	370	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	52,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	21,180	...	...	40.4	...	...
2 persons	18,425	...	...	35.2	...	...
3 persons	5,430	...	...	10.4	...	...
4 persons	5,075	...	...	9.7	...	...
5 or more persons	2,265	...	...	4.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	106,715	51,715	55,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	96,020	45,980	50,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	52,370	26,335	26,030	54.5	57.3	52.0
Married	30,215	15,215	15,000	31.5	33.1	30.0
Living common-law	22,155	11,125	11,035	23.1	24.2	22.1
Living common law - Never married	17,775	8,765	9,005	18.5	19.1	18.0
Living common law - Separated	175	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Living common law - Divorced	3,745	2,040	1,705	3.9	4.4	3.4
Living common law - Widowed	470	225	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	43,650	19,645	24,010	45.5	42.7	48.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	31,185	15,875	15,315	32.5	34.5	30.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,125	490	635	1.2	1.1	1.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,425	2,225	4,195	6.7	4.8	8.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,910	1,045	3,865	5.1	2.3	7.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	28,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,075	...	...	59.3	...	...
3 persons	4,800	...	...	16.7	...	...
4 persons	4,920	...	...	17.1	...	...
5 or more persons	2,000	...	...	6.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	28,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	25,325	...	...	87.9	...	...
Married couples	14,275	...	...	49.6	...	...
With children⁶	6,080	...	...	21.1	...	...
Without children	8,195	...	...	28.5	...	...
Common-law couples	11,050	...	...	38.4	...	...
With children⁶	4,345	...	...	15.1	...	...
Without children	6,705	...	...	23.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,470	...	...	12.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,565	...	...	8.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	905	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	106,720	51,715	55,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	78,775	38,890	39,885	73.8	75.2	72.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	50,655	25,380	25,270	47.5	49.1	45.9
Parents in one-parent families	3,470	910	2,565	3.3	1.8	4.7
Children⁶	24,650	12,595	12,050	23.1	24.4	21.9
In a two-parent family	19,525	9,925	9,600	18.3	19.2	17.5
In a one-parent family	5,130	2,675	2,455	4.8	5.2	4.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	27,945	12,830	15,115	26.2	24.8	27.5
Living alone	21,180	9,035	12,140	19.8	17.5	22.1
Living with other relatives⁷	1,750	795	955	1.6	1.5	1.7
Living with non-relatives only	5,015	2,995	2,015	4.7	5.8	3.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	52,380	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,790	...	...	53.1	...	...
Couple-family households	24,580	...	...	46.9	...	...
With children⁶	10,130	...	...	19.3	...	...
Without children	14,450	...	...	27.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,210	...	...	6.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	215	...	...	0.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	75	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	550	...	...	1.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,570	...	...	4.9	...	...
One-person households	21,180	...	...	40.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	91,505	44,070	47,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,435	43,090	46,340	97.7	97.8	97.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,800	52,400	42,400	46,800	52,400	42,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,450	43,100	46,350	97.8	97.8	97.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	44,400	37,200	40,400	44,400	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,930	41,350	43,575	92.8	93.8	91.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	45,600	32,400	38,400	45,600	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,770	32,910	30,860	69.7	74.7	65.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	43,200	34,000	38,800	43,200	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,130	32,465	39,665	78.8	73.7	83.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,400	9,500	11,300	10,400	9,500	11,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,015	3,530	3,485	7.7	8.0	7.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,280	5,720	5,480	5,280	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,955	11,295	10,660	24.0	25.6	22.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	7,000	6,500	6,000	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	91,420	44,010	47,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,370	43,020	46,350	97.8	97.8	97.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,500	68,900	52,750	60,500	68,900	52,750
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,380	43,030	46,350	97.8	97.8	97.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,720	53,050	42,800	47,720	53,050	42,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,715	41,200	43,520	92.7	93.6	91.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,200	63,600	45,280	54,200	63,600	45,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,690	32,840	30,850	69.7	74.6	65.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,450	59,800	46,680	53,450	59,800	46,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,240	32,520	39,720	79.0	73.9	83.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,290	10,530	11,920	11,290	10,530	11,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,025	3,575	3,450	7.7	8.1	7.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,390	5,805	9,030	7,390	5,805	9,030
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,855	11,250	10,605	23.9	25.6	22.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,780	7,790	7,770	7,780	7,790	7,770
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	91,420	44,005	47,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,950	16,240	13,715	32.8	36.9	28.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,000	72,000	63,200	68,000	72,000	63,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	82,800	90,200	74,100	82,800	90,200	74,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,195	13,175	14,015	29.7	29.9	29.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,400	17,600	15,300	16,400	17,600	15,300
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,680	34,240	27,320	30,680	34,240	27,320
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.0	88.4	80.6	85.0	88.4	80.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.0	66.4	58.9	63.0	66.4	58.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.1	11.6	19.4	15.1	11.6	19.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.3	1.0	0.7	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.7	3.3	4.1	3.7	3.3	4.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.2	3.0	3.4	3.2	3.0	3.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	91,505	44,070	47,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,070	975	1,095	2.3	2.2	2.3
With total income	89,430	43,095	46,340	97.7	97.8	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,420	2,385	3,030	6.1	5.5	6.5
$10,000 to $19,999	9,410	3,850	5,560	10.5	8.9	12.0
$20,000 to $29,999	12,440	5,050	7,385	13.9	11.7	15.9
$30,000 to $39,999	10,400	4,565	5,835	11.6	10.6	12.6
$40,000 to $49,999	10,265	4,510	5,755	11.5	10.5	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	9,470	4,535	4,930	10.6	10.5	10.6
$60,000 to $69,999	7,185	3,810	3,375	8.0	8.8	7.3
$70,000 to $79,999	5,305	2,855	2,455	5.9	6.6	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	4,540	2,420	2,120	5.1	5.6	4.6
$90,000 to $99,999	3,570	1,985	1,585	4.0	4.6	3.4
$100,000 and over	11,420	7,115	4,305	12.8	16.5	9.3
$100,000 to $149,999	7,205	4,290	2,910	8.1	10.0	6.3
$150,000 and over	4,220	2,830	1,390	4.7	6.6	3.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	91,505	44,070	47,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,055	970	1,085	2.2	2.2	2.3
With after-tax income	89,445	43,100	46,345	97.7	97.8	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,170	2,550	3,620	6.9	5.9	7.8
$10,000 to $19,999	9,900	4,095	5,805	11.1	9.5	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	14,510	6,045	8,470	16.2	14.0	18.3
$30,000 to $39,999	13,480	6,005	7,475	15.1	13.9	16.1
$40,000 to $49,999	13,155	6,210	6,940	14.7	14.4	15.0
$50,000 to $59,999	9,670	5,135	4,535	10.8	11.9	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	6,735	3,615	3,115	7.5	8.4	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	5,065	2,730	2,340	5.7	6.3	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	3,130	1,830	1,305	3.5	4.2	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,080	1,260	825	2.3	2.9	1.8
$100,000 and over	5,550	3,630	1,920	6.2	8.4	4.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,615	1,630	985	2.9	3.8	2.1
$125,000 and over	2,930	1,995	940	3.3	4.6	2.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	91,505	44,070	47,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	27,730	11,165	16,570	30.3	25.3	34.9
With employment income	63,770	32,905	30,865	69.7	74.7	65.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,855	4,495	4,360	13.9	13.7	14.1
$5,000 to $9,999	5,540	2,530	3,010	8.7	7.7	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	7,785	3,585	4,200	12.2	10.9	13.6
$20,000 to $29,999	5,365	2,535	2,825	8.4	7.7	9.2
$30,000 to $39,999	4,995	2,480	2,515	7.8	7.5	8.1
$40,000 to $49,999	5,245	2,545	2,700	8.2	7.7	8.7
$50,000 to $59,999	4,800	2,475	2,325	7.5	7.5	7.5
$60,000 to $69,999	3,915	2,190	1,725	6.1	6.7	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	3,230	1,715	1,510	5.1	5.2	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,180	1,690	1,495	5.0	5.1	4.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,485	1,400	1,085	3.9	4.3	3.5
$100,000 and over	8,365	5,260	3,105	13.1	16.0	10.1
$100,000 to $124,999	3,430	2,075	1,360	5.4	6.3	4.4
$125,000 and over	4,930	3,190	1,745	7.7	9.7	5.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	91,505	44,070	47,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,965	42,345	45,615	96.1	96.1	96.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	50,000	39,600	44,000	50,000	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,995	42,355	45,635	96.2	96.1	96.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	42,400	34,800	38,400	42,400	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,560	40,670	42,890	91.3	92.3	90.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,800	32,400	38,000	44,800	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,725	32,780	30,950	69.6	74.4	65.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	41,600	33,200	37,200	41,600	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,440	29,590	36,850	72.6	67.1	77.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,700	4,080	8,500	6,700	4,080	8,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,665	2,900	2,765	6.2	6.6	5.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,000	4,360	6,200	5,000	4,360	6,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	91,420	44,010	47,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,745	42,245	45,500	96.0	96.0	96.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,050	66,300	50,440	58,050	66,300	50,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,780	42,260	45,520	96.0	96.0	96.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,640	51,000	40,680	45,640	51,000	40,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,195	40,410	42,785	91.0	91.8	90.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,250	63,600	45,440	54,250	63,600	45,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,705	32,725	30,980	69.7	74.4	65.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,000	59,800	45,880	53,000	59,800	45,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,450	29,555	36,895	72.7	67.2	77.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,720	7,760	9,500	8,720	7,760	9,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,700	2,915	2,785	6.2	6.6	5.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,260	5,225	9,390	7,260	5,225	9,390
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	91,420	44,005	47,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,710	16,120	13,585	32.5	36.6	28.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200	67,500	59,200	63,200	67,500	59,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	78,200	86,000	68,900	78,200	86,000	68,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,475	12,335	13,140	27.9	28.0	27.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	20,600	17,400	18,800	20,600	17,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,280	39,440	31,400	35,280	39,440	31,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.6	91.8	84.8	88.6	91.8	84.8
Employment income (%)	66.4	69.8	61.9	66.4	69.8	61.9
Government transfers (%)	11.4	8.2	15.3	11.4	8.2	15.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.5	1.1	0.8	0.5	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	52,380	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	21,180	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	44,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	31,200	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	52,360	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	103,300	...	...	103,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,500	...	...	81,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	21,205	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,600	...	...	52,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,840	...	...	42,840	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	31,150	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	137,800	...	...	137,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,800	...	...	107,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	52,380	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	650	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	350	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	665	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,105	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,410	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,935	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,795	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,130	...	...	4.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,360	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,305	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,350	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,775	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,335	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,220	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,810	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,180	...	...	36.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,530	...	...	10.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,745	...	...	7.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,635	...	...	8.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,270	...	...	10.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	52,380	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	730	...	...	1.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	365	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	690	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,160	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,635	...	...	5.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,385	...	...	4.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,380	...	...	4.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,930	...	...	5.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,160	...	...	6.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,725	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,765	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,170	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,870	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,385	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,875	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,150	...	...	27.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,110	...	...	9.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,225	...	...	6.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,820	...	...	11.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,245	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,630	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,445	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	157,000	...	...	157,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,405	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	26,190	12,035	14,160	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	41,200	40,000	40,400	41,200	40,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	36,400	35,600	36,000	36,400	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,135	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	141,800	...	...	141,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,400	...	...	110,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,540	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	118,300	...	...	118,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,600	...	...	93,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,500	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	190,600	...	...	190,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,800	...	...	144,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,380	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	102,600	...	...	102,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,800	...	...	82,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	26,275	12,185	14,090	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,440	50,240	46,920	48,440	50,240	46,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,920	40,600	39,360	39,920	40,600	39,360
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	106,715	51,715	55,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,080	9,045	9,035	16.9	17.5	16.4
0 to 5 years	5,775	2,910	2,870	5.4	5.6	5.2
18 to 64 years	63,455	31,620	31,830	59.5	61.1	57.9
65 years and over	25,175	11,045	14,135	23.6	21.4	25.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,735	4,855	5,870	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,275	655	625	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	470	250	225	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,795	3,390	3,405	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,660	815	1,845	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.1	9.4	10.7	10.1	9.4	10.7
0 to 17 years (%)	7.1	7.2	6.9	7.1	7.2	6.9
0 to 5 years (%)	8.2	8.6	7.7	8.2	8.6	7.7
18 to 64 years (%)	10.7	10.7	10.7	10.7	10.7	10.7
65 years and over (%)	10.6	7.4	13.1	10.6	7.4	13.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	106,720	51,715	55,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,080	9,045	9,040	16.9	17.5	16.4
0 to 5 years	5,775	2,905	2,865	5.4	5.6	5.2
18 to 64 years	63,460	31,625	31,835	59.5	61.2	57.9
65 years and over	25,180	11,045	14,130	23.6	21.4	25.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,330	3,635	3,695	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	750	375	375	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	250	135	120	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,705	2,985	2,720	...	...	...
65 years and over	875	270	605	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.9	7.0	6.7	6.9	7.0	6.7
0 to 17 years (%)	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.1
0 to 5 years (%)	4.4	4.6	4.2	4.4	4.6	4.2
18 to 64 years (%)	9.0	9.4	8.5	9.0	9.4	8.5
65 years and over (%)	3.5	2.5	4.3	3.5	2.5	4.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	106,715	51,715	55,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	50,090	23,410	26,675	46.9	45.3	48.5
In bottom decile	10,300	4,875	5,420	9.7	9.4	9.9
In second decile	8,800	4,010	4,795	8.2	7.8	8.7
In third decile	9,855	4,540	5,315	9.2	8.8	9.7
In fourth decile	10,525	4,890	5,635	9.9	9.5	10.2
In fifth decile	10,605	5,095	5,510	9.9	9.9	10.0
In top half of the distribution	56,630	28,305	28,330	53.1	54.7	51.5
In sixth decile	10,910	5,340	5,570	10.2	10.3	10.1
In seventh decile	11,030	5,480	5,545	10.3	10.6	10.1
In eighth decile	11,245	5,580	5,670	10.5	10.8	10.3
In ninth decile	10,745	5,445	5,300	10.1	10.5	9.6
In top decile	12,705	6,465	6,245	11.9	12.5	11.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	106,720	...	...	106,720	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.357	...	...	0.357	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.444	...	...	0.444	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.303	...	...	0.303	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	109,735	53,110	56,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	780	440	340	0.7	0.8	0.6
French only	49,195	21,175	28,020	44.8	39.9	49.5
English and French	59,070	31,160	27,910	53.8	58.7	49.3
Neither English nor French	685	335	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	109,735	53,110	56,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,165	1,615	1,545	2.9	3.0	2.7
French	102,895	49,555	53,345	93.8	93.3	94.2
English and French	3,025	1,625	1,395	2.8	3.1	2.5
Neither English nor French	650	320	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	109,735	53,110	56,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	106,890	51,715	55,175	97.4	97.4	97.4
Official languages	95,170	45,800	49,365	86.7	86.2	87.2
English	2,200	1,105	1,095	2.0	2.1	1.9
French	92,970	44,695	48,275	84.7	84.2	85.3
Non-official languages	11,715	5,915	5,805	10.7	11.1	10.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,665	5,890	5,775	10.6	11.1	10.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,785	2,010	1,780	3.4	3.8	3.1
Berber languages	285	155	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kabyle	230	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,445	1,830	1,615	3.1	3.4	2.9
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	3,440	1,820	1,615	3.1	3.4	2.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	320	145	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	265	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	180	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	130	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malay	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	225	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,505	2,715	2,790	5.0	5.1	4.9
Albanian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	770	375	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	765	370	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	260	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	290	150	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Bosnian	155	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Croatian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	540	265	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	455	215	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	425	200	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	300	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,945	1,970	1,980	3.6	3.7	3.5
Catalan	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	1,040	530	510	0.9	1.0	0.9
Romanian	325	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	2,430	1,195	1,235	2.2	2.3	2.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	875	475	400	0.8	0.9	0.7
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	195	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	155	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	520	245	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	515	240	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	420	185	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,845	1,400	1,450	2.6	2.6	2.6
English and French	1,095	530	570	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	115	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,365	680	690	1.2	1.3	1.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	109,735	53,110	56,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,130	575	560	1.0	1.1	1.0
French	90,965	43,580	47,390	82.9	82.1	83.7
Non-official language	3,225	1,610	1,615	2.9	3.0	2.9
Indigenous³⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,210	1,605	1,600	2.9	3.0	2.8
English and French	5,145	2,765	2,385	4.7	5.2	4.2
English and non-official language(s)	405	200	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	6,605	3,215	3,385	6.0	6.1	6.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,100	1,095	1,010	1.9	2.1	1.8
Multiple non-official languages	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	109,735	53,110	56,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	106,510	51,480	55,035	97.1	96.9	97.2
Official languages	100,060	48,260	51,800	91.2	90.9	91.5
English	2,050	1,035	1,015	1.9	1.9	1.8
French	98,010	47,225	50,780	89.3	88.9	89.7
Non-official languages	6,450	3,220	3,235	5.9	6.1	5.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,415	3,200	3,215	5.8	6.0	5.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,760	880	880	1.6	1.7	1.6
Berber languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,650	825	825	1.5	1.6	1.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,645	825	825	1.5	1.6	1.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	170	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	160	80	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Merina	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,665	1,850	1,815	3.3	3.5	3.2
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	415	205	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	415	205	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	170	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	390	185	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	345	165	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	325	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	230	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,795	1,425	1,375	2.5	2.7	2.4
Catalan	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	855	445	415	0.8	0.8	0.7
Romanian	165	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Spanish	1,750	885	865	1.6	1.7	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	200	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	380	185	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	375	185	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	330	165	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,225	1,635	1,595	2.9	3.1	2.8
English and French	985	500	480	0.9	0.9	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,895	960	940	1.7	1.8	1.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	109,735	53,110	56,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	97,955	47,080	50,870	89.3	88.6	89.8
English	4,075	2,205	1,870	3.7	4.2	3.3
French	2,975	1,480	1,495	2.7	2.8	2.6
Non-official language	2,955	1,420	1,530	2.7	2.7	2.7
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,940	1,415	1,525	2.7	2.7	2.7
English and French	475	255	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	830	435	395	0.8	0.8	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	215	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	106,665	51,690	54,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	105,945	51,325	54,615	99.3	99.3	99.3
English	58,875	31,260	27,615	55.2	60.5	50.2
French	105,215	50,905	54,310	98.6	98.5	98.8
Non-official languages	21,320	10,160	11,165	20.0	19.7	20.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	21,240	10,120	11,120	19.9	19.6	20.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,670	2,965	2,705	5.3	5.7	4.9
Berber languages	370	205	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kabyle	290	155	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamazight	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hausa	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	5,500	2,870	2,630	5.2	5.6	4.8
Amharic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	5,435	2,830	2,610	5.1	5.5	4.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	470	240	240	0.4	0.5	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	410	210	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	210	70	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
Bikol	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Merina	75	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	65	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	485	255	230	0.5	0.5	0.4
Haitian Creole	395	200	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,530	5,750	6,780	11.7	11.1	12.3
Albanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,140	550	585	1.1	1.1	1.1
Baltic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,135	550	585	1.1	1.1	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	70	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	600	300	295	0.6	0.6	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	320	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	205	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	840	400	435	0.8	0.8	0.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	755	370	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
German	750	365	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	620	320	305	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	185	110	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	450	215	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	420	205	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian Persian	310	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10,365	4,670	5,695	9.7	9.0	10.4
Catalan	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italian	895	405	495	0.8	0.8	0.9
Portuguese	1,535	800	735	1.4	1.5	1.3
Romanian	400	180	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Spanish	8,245	3,600	4,640	7.7	7.0	8.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	160	100	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Korean	55	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,565	775	795	1.5	1.5	1.4
Akan (Twi)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	140	90	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	205	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Luba-Kasai	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wolof	355	160	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	475	230	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	725	300	425	0.7	0.6	0.8
Chinese languages	720	295	425	0.7	0.6	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	630	255	375	0.6	0.5	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	106,665	51,695	54,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,175	560	615	1.1	1.1	1.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,080	520	555	1.0	1.0	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	605	270	340	0.6	0.5	0.6
Métis	410	215	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Inuk (Inuit)	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	105,495	51,130	54,365	98.9	98.9	98.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	106,665	51,695	54,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	385	175	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	106,285	51,520	54,765	99.6	99.7	99.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	52,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	28,205	...	...	53.9	...	...
Renter	24,155	...	...	46.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	52,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	10,975	...	...	21.0	...	...
Not condominium	41,385	...	...	79.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	52,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	740	...	...	1.4	...	...
1 bedroom	11,295	...	...	21.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	15,750	...	...	30.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	13,610	...	...	26.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,970	...	...	21.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	52,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	22,990	...	...	43.9	...	...
5 rooms	7,355	...	...	14.0	...	...
6 rooms	3,975	...	...	7.6	...	...
7 rooms	4,065	...	...	7.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,980	...	...	26.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	52,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	51,865	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	495	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	52,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	51,075	...	...	97.5	...	...
Not suitable	1,280	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	52,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	8,760	...	...	16.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	17,080	...	...	32.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	9,880	...	...	18.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,700	...	...	10.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,905	...	...	5.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,900	...	...	3.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,405	...	...	4.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,735	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	52,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	49,830	...	...	95.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,530	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	52,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	30,020	...	...	57.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	21,380	...	...	40.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	960	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	52,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,680	...	...	7.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	8,125	...	...	15.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,560	...	...	14.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,575	...	...	12.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,040	...	...	17.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,430	...	...	18.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,935	...	...	11.3	...	...
85 years and over	2,015	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	52,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	43,095	...	...	82.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,940	...	...	17.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,010	...	...	15.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	52,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,130	...	...	23.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,400	...	...	16.0	...	...
Not suitable only	1,035	...	...	2.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,080	...	...	4.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	160	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	370	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	70	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	40,230	...	...	76.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	51,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,160	...	...	4.2	...	...
Not in core need	48,940	...	...	95.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,185	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	51.9	...	...	51.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.2	...	...	8.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.3	...	...	1.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,020	...	...	1,020	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,252	...	...	1,252	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	411,600	...	...	411,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	24,155	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.8	...	...	27.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.8	...	...	7.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...	900	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	983	...	...	983	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	106,670	51,695	54,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	790	315	475	0.7	0.6	0.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	780	310	470	0.7	0.6	0.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	620	255	370	0.6	0.5	0.7
Métis single ancestry	130	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,940	845	1,100	1.8	1.6	2.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,925	845	1,080	1.8	1.6	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,750	755	995	1.6	1.5	1.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	140	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	103,930	50,535	53,395	97.4	97.8	97.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	106,670	51,695	54,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	96,130	46,315	49,820	90.1	89.6	90.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,060	7,990	8,075	15.1	15.5	14.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	80,070	38,325	41,745	75.1	74.1	75.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	10,540	5,380	5,155	9.9	10.4	9.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	106,670	51,695	54,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	87,595	42,070	45,520	82.1	81.4	82.8
Immigrants⁸¹	13,400	6,610	6,790	12.6	12.8	12.4
Before 1980	1,070	590	480	1.0	1.1	0.9
1980 to 1990	750	405	345	0.7	0.8	0.6
1991 to 2000	1,425	630	795	1.3	1.2	1.4
2001 to 2010	3,740	1,835	1,905	3.5	3.5	3.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	6,420	3,155	3,265	6.0	6.1	5.9
2011 to 2015	2,705	1,320	1,385	2.5	2.6	2.5
2016 to 2021	3,715	1,835	1,885	3.5	3.5	3.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	5,670	3,015	2,660	5.3	5.8	4.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	13,405	6,610	6,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,360	635	720	10.1	9.6	10.6
5 to 14 years	2,055	1,030	1,030	15.3	15.6	15.2
15 to 24 years	1,720	775	950	12.8	11.7	14.0
25 to 44 years	7,425	3,770	3,650	55.4	57.0	53.8
45 years and over	835	400	435	6.2	6.1	6.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	13,405	6,610	6,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,995	1,385	1,615	22.3	21.0	23.8
Brazil	495	245	250	3.7	3.7	3.7
Colombia	970	435	535	7.2	6.6	7.9
El Salvador	40	25	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	405	215	195	3.0	3.3	2.9
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	250	95	155	1.9	1.4	2.3
Peru	105	45	55	0.8	0.7	0.8
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	235	105	130	1.8	1.6	1.9
Other places of birth in Americas	490	210	280	3.7	3.2	4.1
Europe	3,705	1,840	1,865	27.6	27.8	27.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	220	110	115	1.6	1.7	1.7
Croatia	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	2,045	1,080	965	15.3	16.3	14.2
Germany	80	25	50	0.6	0.4	0.7
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italy	100	50	45	0.7	0.8	0.7
Netherlands	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Poland	105	55	55	0.8	0.8	0.8
Portugal	45	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romania	250	105	140	1.9	1.6	2.1
Russian Federation	100	40	65	0.7	0.6	1.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	105	40	65	0.8	0.6	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	40	25	0.5	0.6	0.4
Other places of birth in Europe	530	235	290	4.0	3.6	4.3
Africa	5,030	2,660	2,370	37.5	40.2	34.9
Algeria	690	375	310	5.1	5.7	4.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	245	130	115	1.8	2.0	1.7
Egypt	55	30	25	0.4	0.5	0.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	1,115	570	545	8.3	8.6	8.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	2,905	1,545	1,355	21.7	23.4	20.0
Asia	1,655	730	930	12.3	11.0	13.7
Afghanistan	55	20	35	0.4	0.3	0.5
Iran⁸⁸	170	80	90	1.3	1.2	1.3
Iraq	35	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lebanon	110	65	50	0.8	1.0	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	205	110	100	1.5	1.7	1.5
Turkey	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
China⁹⁰	380	120	265	2.8	1.8	3.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	35	0	35	0.3	0.0	0.5
Viet Nam	235	115	115	1.8	1.7	1.7
Bangladesh	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
India	40	25	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
Pakistan	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	290	130	165	2.2	2.0	2.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,715	1,830	1,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	605	300	305	16.3	16.4	16.2
Brazil	225	120	100	6.1	6.6	5.3
Colombia	175	80	100	4.7	4.4	5.3
Haiti	60	30	35	1.6	1.6	1.9
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	20	15	10	0.5	0.8	0.5
United States of America	25	0	15	0.7	0.0	0.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	20	15	0.9	1.1	0.8
Other places of birth in Americas	60	30	35	1.6	1.6	1.9
Europe	665	330	335	17.9	18.0	17.8
France	485	250	230	13.1	13.7	12.2
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Ukraine	55	20	30	1.5	1.1	1.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	115	55	60	3.1	3.0	3.2
Africa	1,980	980	995	53.3	53.6	52.8
Algeria	130	60	75	3.5	3.3	4.0
Burundi	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Cameroon	300	150	150	8.1	8.2	8.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	105	60	50	2.8	3.3	2.7
Côte d'Ivoire	275	140	140	7.4	7.7	7.4
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	360	155	205	9.7	8.5	10.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	385	235	155	10.4	12.8	8.2
Other places of birth in Africa	395	185	205	10.6	10.1	10.9
Asia	465	215	250	12.5	11.7	13.3
Afghanistan	25	15	15	0.7	0.8	0.8
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	60	20	35	1.6	1.1	1.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	50	20	35	1.3	1.1	1.9
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	30	20	15	0.8	1.1	0.8
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Saudi Arabia	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	155	85	75	4.2	4.6	4.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	30	15	15	0.8	0.8	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	35	20	15	0.9	1.1	0.8
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	106,665	51,690	54,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	20,120	10,030	10,100	18.9	19.4	18.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	7,820	3,930	3,895	7.3	7.6	7.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	78,725	37,740	40,985	73.8	73.0	74.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	12,335	6,020	6,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	7,915	4,245	3,670	64.2	70.5	58.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,890	2,640	1,250	31.5	43.9	19.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	4,025	1,600	2,420	32.6	26.6	38.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,695	935	1,765	21.8	15.5	27.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,660	805	855	13.5	13.4	13.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	60	40	20	0.5	0.7	0.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	12,335	6,020	6,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	260	135	125	2.1	2.2	2.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,070	545	525	8.7	9.1	8.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	615	295	320	5.0	4.9	5.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,210	700	510	9.8	11.6	8.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	9,150	4,335	4,815	74.2	72.0	76.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	106,665	51,690	54,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	16,175	7,945	8,230	15.2	15.4	15.0
South Asian	315	185	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
Chinese	960	310	650	0.9	0.6	1.2
Black	5,550	2,810	2,740	5.2	5.4	5.0
Filipino	95	25	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab	4,605	2,375	2,230	4.3	4.6	4.1
Latin American	2,810	1,330	1,480	2.6	2.6	2.7
Southeast Asian	775	380	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
West Asian	410	215	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Korean	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japanese	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	360	170	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	90,495	43,745	46,750	84.8	84.6	85.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	106,665	51,690	54,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	29,050	13,815	15,235	27.2	26.7	27.7
English	1,655	835	820	1.6	1.6	1.5
Irish	4,775	2,275	2,500	4.5	4.4	4.5
Scottish	1,985	1,035	945	1.9	2.0	1.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	33,610	16,580	17,030	31.5	32.1	31.0
German	1,405	690	720	1.3	1.3	1.3
Chinese	1,070	365	710	1.0	0.7	1.3
Italian	1,820	880	940	1.7	1.7	1.7
Indian (India)	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	340	160	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	530	265	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Québécois	10,880	5,320	5,565	10.2	10.3	10.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	335	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Filipino	90	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
French Canadian	8,835	4,155	4,680	8.3	8.0	8.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,210	1,010	1,195	2.1	2.0	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,355	520	835	1.3	1.0	1.5
Métis	310	120	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,645	850	795	1.5	1.6	1.4
Russian	375	160	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Norwegian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	390	130	260	0.4	0.3	0.5
American	475	225	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
Spanish	865	455	415	0.8	0.9	0.8
Swedish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	115	80	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Acadian	1,070	455	610	1.0	0.9	1.1
Pakistani	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,020	550	475	1.0	1.1	0.9
Jewish	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	630	330	300	0.6	0.6	0.5
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	2,095	1,155	940	2.0	2.2	1.7
Greek	170	100	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jamaican	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	385	185	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanese	450	270	180	0.4	0.5	0.3
Iranian	305	155	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	625	325	300	0.6	0.6	0.5
Danish	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	150	40	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Belgian	740	345	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Haitian	585	285	300	0.5	0.6	0.5
Hindu	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mexican	525	220	300	0.5	0.4	0.5
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	320	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	495	265	230	0.5	0.5	0.4
Egyptian	140	90	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	230	140	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	1,300	615	680	1.2	1.2	1.2
Moroccan	1,385	695	690	1.3	1.3	1.3
Czech	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Syrian	150	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	745	380	360	0.7	0.7	0.7
Brazilian	910	450	460	0.9	0.9	0.8
Nigerian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	155	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	485	230	255	0.5	0.4	0.5
Nova Scotian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	110	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	155	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Berber	550	345	200	0.5	0.7	0.4
Albanian	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	185	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	1,490	770	720	1.4	1.5	1.3
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	160	75	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	245	110	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	575	300	275	0.5	0.6	0.5
Guatemalan	45	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Laotian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	95	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	155	80	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	210	125	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	150	80	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	155	80	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	210	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	250	130	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	465	225	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	80	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mauritian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	320	180	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	205	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	150	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	100	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	165	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	155	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	106,665	51,695	54,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	310	140	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian	67,885	31,095	36,790	63.6	60.2	66.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,735	2,685	3,055	5.4	5.2	5.6
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	140	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	255	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	59,315	27,060	32,250	55.6	52.3	58.7
Christian Orthodox	610	280	325	0.6	0.5	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latter Day Saints	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	395	165	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Presbyterian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Reformed	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,070	495	575	1.0	1.0	1.0
Hindu	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	7,385	3,825	3,555	6.9	7.4	6.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	180	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	30,690	16,425	14,270	28.8	31.8	26.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	105,775	51,270	54,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	89,845	43,195	46,645	84.9	84.3	85.6
Movers	15,935	8,070	7,865	15.1	15.7	14.4
Non-migrants	11,015	5,655	5,360	10.4	11.0	9.8
Migrants	4,915	2,415	2,505	4.6	4.7	4.6
Internal migrants	3,510	1,705	1,805	3.3	3.3	3.3
Intraprovincial migrants	3,215	1,565	1,660	3.0	3.1	3.0
Interprovincial migrants	295	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	1,410	710	700	1.3	1.4	1.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	101,770	49,270	52,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	57,660	27,355	30,305	56.7	55.5	57.7
Movers	44,110	21,915	22,195	43.3	44.5	42.3
Non-migrants	21,600	10,835	10,765	21.2	22.0	20.5
Migrants	22,510	11,080	11,430	22.1	22.5	21.8
Internal migrants	15,130	7,340	7,785	14.9	14.9	14.8
Intraprovincial migrants	14,325	6,950	7,375	14.1	14.1	14.0
Interprovincial migrants	805	390	415	0.8	0.8	0.8
External migrants	7,380	3,735	3,645	7.3	7.6	6.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	91,420	44,010	47,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,285	3,670	3,615	8.0	8.3	7.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	84,130	40,340	43,800	92.0	91.7	92.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,365	26,255	26,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,295	1,350	945	4.4	5.1	3.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	50,065	24,910	25,155	95.6	94.9	96.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	91,420	44,010	47,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,355	3,010	3,340	7.0	6.8	7.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,430	6,410	8,010	15.8	14.6	16.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	70,640	34,580	36,060	77.3	78.6	76.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,010	14,060	14,945	31.7	31.9	31.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,485	4,490	2,995	8.2	10.2	6.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,500	2,900	2,605	6.0	6.6	5.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,980	1,590	390	2.2	3.6	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,530	8,000	9,530	19.2	18.2	20.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,000	1,575	2,425	4.4	3.6	5.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	41,630	20,520	21,110	45.5	46.6	44.5
Bachelor's degree	22,660	10,875	11,785	24.8	24.7	24.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,410	1,545	1,865	3.7	3.5	3.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,770	850	915	1.9	1.9	1.9
Master's degree	10,885	5,425	5,460	11.9	12.3	11.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,905	1,820	1,080	3.2	4.1	2.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,360	26,260	26,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,690	950	740	3.2	3.6	2.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,810	2,565	2,240	9.2	9.8	8.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	45,865	22,745	23,120	87.6	86.6	88.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,225	8,625	7,600	31.0	32.8	29.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,915	3,005	1,910	9.4	11.4	7.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,605	1,925	1,680	6.9	7.3	6.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,315	1,080	235	2.5	4.1	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,220	4,650	4,570	17.6	17.7	17.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,090	970	1,115	4.0	3.7	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	29,640	14,120	15,520	56.6	53.8	59.5
Bachelor's degree	15,390	7,410	7,980	29.4	28.2	30.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,420	1,000	1,420	4.6	3.8	5.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,240	495	750	2.4	1.9	2.9
Master's degree	8,470	4,005	4,465	16.2	15.3	17.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,115	1,210	905	4.0	4.6	3.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	91,425	44,010	47,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,780	9,425	11,355	22.7	21.4	23.9
Education	4,910	1,155	3,755	5.4	2.6	7.9
13. Education	4,910	1,155	3,755	5.4	2.6	7.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,320	950	1,370	2.5	2.2	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	395	205	190	0.4	0.5	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	1,925	740	1,180	2.1	1.7	2.5
Humanities	5,035	2,230	2,805	5.5	5.1	5.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	840	225	615	0.9	0.5	1.3
23. English language and literature/letters	135	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,320	1,160	1,160	2.5	2.6	2.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	305	220	90	0.3	0.5	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	180	125	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	420	230	195	0.5	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	810	220	590	0.9	0.5	1.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,870	3,485	5,385	9.7	7.9	11.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,030	310	710	1.1	0.7	1.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,035	175	850	1.1	0.4	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	2,375	1,055	1,325	2.6	2.4	2.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	280	45	235	0.3	0.1	0.5
42. Psychology	1,345	360	985	1.5	0.8	2.1
45. Social sciences	2,770	1,520	1,250	3.0	3.5	2.6
Business, management and public administration	17,085	7,905	9,175	18.7	18.0	19.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,100	280	820	1.2	0.6	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,970	7,630	8,345	17.5	17.3	17.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,895	2,585	2,310	5.4	5.9	4.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,830	855	970	2.0	1.9	2.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	445	265	175	0.5	0.6	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	1,350	635	715	1.5	1.4	1.5
40. Physical sciences	1,120	770	345	1.2	1.7	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	155	55	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,700	3,340	1,360	5.1	7.6	2.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,915	2,965	950	4.3	6.7	2.0
25. Library science	345	75	265	0.4	0.2	0.6
27. Mathematics and statistics	360	225	135	0.4	0.5	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	75	70	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,580	8,180	1,400	10.5	18.6	3.0
04. Architecture and related services	685	415	270	0.7	0.9	0.6
14. Engineering	4,180	3,405	780	4.6	7.7	1.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,820	1,570	250	2.0	3.6	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,190	1,150	40	1.3	2.6	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,075	1,035	35	1.2	2.4	0.1
48. Precision production	620	605	20	0.7	1.4	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,585	945	640	1.7	2.1	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	855	430	425	0.9	1.0	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	730	515	215	0.8	1.2	0.5
Health and related fields	9,035	2,240	6,790	9.9	5.1	14.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	580	315	270	0.6	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,705	1,510	6,195	8.4	3.4	13.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	740	415	330	0.8	0.9	0.7
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,570	1,545	1,025	2.8	3.5	2.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,380	510	875	1.5	1.2	1.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	470	370	105	0.5	0.8	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	690	635	55	0.8	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	52,365	26,260	26,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,500	3,515	2,985	12.4	13.4	11.4
Education	2,520	555	1,965	4.8	2.1	7.5
13. Education	2,520	555	1,965	4.8	2.1	7.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,520	645	880	2.9	2.5	3.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	265	145	120	0.5	0.6	0.5
50. Visual and performing arts	1,255	500	755	2.4	1.9	2.9
Humanities	2,350	1,045	1,305	4.5	4.0	5.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	500	135	365	1.0	0.5	1.4
23. English language and literature/letters	90	35	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	870	470	390	1.7	1.8	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	180	125	55	0.3	0.5	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	60	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
54. History	210	110	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	430	105	325	0.8	0.4	1.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,060	2,180	3,880	11.6	8.3	14.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	815	250	565	1.6	1.0	2.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	750	130	620	1.4	0.5	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	1,610	600	1,005	3.1	2.3	3.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	170	40	130	0.3	0.2	0.5
42. Psychology	885	235	650	1.7	0.9	2.5
45. Social sciences	1,795	900	890	3.4	3.4	3.4
Business, management and public administration	11,690	5,230	6,460	22.3	19.9	24.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	710	170	535	1.4	0.6	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,980	5,060	5,920	21.0	19.3	22.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,575	1,395	1,175	4.9	5.3	4.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,340	625	715	2.6	2.4	2.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	155	90	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	210	135	70	0.4	0.5	0.3
40. Physical sciences	795	515	280	1.5	2.0	1.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	35	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,850	2,785	1,065	7.4	10.6	4.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,380	2,555	830	6.5	9.7	3.2
25. Library science	175	45	130	0.3	0.2	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	235	140	95	0.4	0.5	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55	45	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,965	5,775	1,190	13.3	22.0	4.6
04. Architecture and related services	455	250	210	0.9	1.0	0.8
14. Engineering	3,310	2,605	710	6.3	9.9	2.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,215	1,025	190	2.3	3.9	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	800	765	35	1.5	2.9	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	745	715	30	1.4	2.7	0.1
48. Precision production	430	420	10	0.8	1.6	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,115	595	525	2.1	2.3	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	605	265	345	1.2	1.0	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	510	330	180	1.0	1.3	0.7
Health and related fields	5,300	1,440	3,855	10.1	5.5	14.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	400	210	195	0.8	0.8	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,375	1,005	3,375	8.4	3.8	12.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	515	225	290	1.0	0.9	1.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,865	1,085	785	3.6	4.1	3.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,035	380	655	2.0	1.4	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	335	245	90	0.6	0.9	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	485	445	45	0.9	1.7	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	55	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	52,365	26,260	26,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,500	3,515	2,985	12.4	13.4	11.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	45,865	22,745	23,120	87.6	86.6	88.6
Location of study inside Canada	38,280	18,880	19,395	73.1	71.9	74.3
Same as province or territory of residence	37,400	18,370	19,035	71.4	70.0	72.9
Different than province or territory of residence	875	515	360	1.7	2.0	1.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	7,585	3,860	3,725	14.5	14.7	14.3
Americas	1,855	940	910	3.5	3.6	3.5
United States of America	250	170	85	0.5	0.6	0.3
Mexico	190	85	110	0.4	0.3	0.4
Cuba	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	635	330	315	1.2	1.3	1.2
Colombia	460	220	235	0.9	0.8	0.9
Peru	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	110	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	2,605	1,420	1,185	5.0	5.4	4.5
Belgium	110	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	1,835	1,020	815	3.5	3.9	3.1
Germany	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Switzerland	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Poland	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	105	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	85	55	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	145	70	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Africa	2,525	1,235	1,285	4.8	4.7	4.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	340	150	190	0.6	0.6	0.7
Morocco	515	245	265	1.0	0.9	1.0
Tunisia	905	465	445	1.7	1.8	1.7
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	750	365	385	1.4	1.4	1.5
Asia	590	255	335	1.1	1.0	1.3
Iran⁸⁸	155	75	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	135	65	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oceania	25	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Australia	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	91,420	44,010	47,415	...	...	...
In the labour force	57,155	29,670	27,485	...	...	...
Employed	52,990	27,635	25,355	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,165	2,035	2,130	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	34,265	14,340	19,925	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.5	67.4	58.0	62.5	67.4	58.0
Employment rate	58.0	62.8	53.5	58.0	62.8	53.5
Unemployment rate	7.3	6.9	7.7	7.3	6.9	7.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	91,425	44,010	47,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	32,135	13,375	18,755	35.1	30.4	39.6
Worked	59,290	30,630	28,660	64.9	69.6	60.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	30,665	16,700	13,965	33.5	37.9	29.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,625	13,930	14,695	31.3	31.7	31.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	42.0	40.3	41.2	42.0	40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	57,160	29,665	27,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	895	435	460	1.6	1.5	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	56,260	29,230	27,025	98.4	98.5	98.3
Employee	49,600	25,155	24,440	86.8	84.8	88.9
Permanent position	39,120	20,395	18,730	68.4	68.8	68.1
Temporary position	10,480	4,765	5,715	18.3	16.1	20.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	4,440	1,910	2,535	7.8	6.4	9.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,040	2,860	3,180	10.6	9.6	11.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,660	4,075	2,585	11.7	13.7	9.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	57,160	29,665	27,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	895	435	460	1.6	1.5	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	56,260	29,230	27,025	98.4	98.5	98.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,345	890	460	2.4	3.0	1.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,570	4,610	6,965	20.2	15.5	25.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	8,360	6,185	2,180	14.6	20.8	7.9
3 Health occupations	5,835	1,655	4,175	10.2	5.6	15.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,050	3,605	5,445	15.8	12.2	19.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,995	925	1,070	3.5	3.1	3.9
6 Sales and service occupations	12,480	6,395	6,085	21.8	21.6	22.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,400	4,065	335	7.7	13.7	1.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	310	245	65	0.5	0.8	0.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	910	655	250	1.6	2.2	0.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	57,160	29,665	27,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	895	435	460	1.6	1.5	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	56,260	29,230	27,025	98.4	98.5	98.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	350	230	120	0.6	0.8	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	110	100	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
22 Utilities	160	115	40	0.3	0.4	0.1
23 Construction	1,710	1,445	260	3.0	4.9	0.9
31-33 Manufacturing	3,060	2,140	925	5.4	7.2	3.4
41 Wholesale trade	1,245	900	340	2.2	3.0	1.2
44-45 Retail trade	5,820	2,735	3,090	10.2	9.2	11.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,690	1,340	350	3.0	4.5	1.3
51 Information and cultural industries	885	565	320	1.5	1.9	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	3,550	1,820	1,725	6.2	6.1	6.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	985	595	390	1.7	2.0	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,725	4,400	2,330	11.8	14.8	8.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	105	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,935	1,200	735	3.4	4.0	2.7
61 Educational services	5,720	2,350	3,370	10.0	7.9	12.3
62 Health care and social assistance	8,370	2,340	6,025	14.6	7.9	21.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	990	445	545	1.7	1.5	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	3,050	1,705	1,350	5.3	5.7	4.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,805	790	1,020	3.2	2.7	3.7
91 Public administration	7,995	3,955	4,040	14.0	13.3	14.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	62,590	32,260	30,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	905	545	360	1.4	1.7	1.2
French	48,755	24,145	24,610	77.9	74.8	81.1
Non-official language	130	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	130	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	12,030	7,165	4,865	19.2	22.2	16.0
English and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	285	105	185	0.5	0.3	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	420	190	225	0.7	0.6	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	62,590	32,260	30,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	61,070	31,405	29,670	97.6	97.3	97.8
Official languages	60,830	31,275	29,555	97.2	96.9	97.4
English	2,340	1,405	935	3.7	4.4	3.1
French	58,490	29,870	28,620	93.4	92.6	94.4
Non-official languages	240	130	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	240	130	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	180	90	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	135	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,520	860	655	2.4	2.7	2.2
English and French	1,395	805	590	2.2	2.5	1.9
English and non-official language(s)	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	70	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	62,590	32,260	30,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	51,225	25,590	25,635	81.8	79.3	84.5
English	9,350	5,570	3,780	14.9	17.3	12.5
French	1,430	840	590	2.3	2.6	1.9
Non-official language	245	90	155	0.4	0.3	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	230	85	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and French	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	245	100	145	0.4	0.3	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	52,990	27,635	25,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	17,210	9,100	8,115	32.5	32.9	32.0
Worked outside Canada	120	85	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	3,935	2,770	1,165	7.4	10.0	4.6
Usual place of work	31,720	15,675	16,045	59.9	56.7	63.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	31,720	15,675	16,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	26,370	12,400	13,970	83.1	79.1	87.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,675	980	700	5.3	6.3	4.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,600	2,245	1,355	11.3	14.3	8.4
Commute to a different province or territory	70	50	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	35,655	18,445	17,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	26,910	14,390	12,520	75.5	78.0	72.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	25,085	13,730	11,355	70.4	74.4	66.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,820	655	1,170	5.1	3.6	6.8
Public transit	4,490	1,885	2,610	12.6	10.2	15.2
Walked	3,025	1,355	1,665	8.5	7.3	9.7
Bicycle	670	505	160	1.9	2.7	0.9
Other method	565	310	250	1.6	1.7	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	35,655	18,445	17,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	12,655	6,220	6,435	35.5	33.7	37.4
15 to 29 minutes	16,545	8,915	7,635	46.4	48.3	44.4
30 to 44 minutes	4,320	2,135	2,180	12.1	11.6	12.7
45 to 59 minutes	1,225	645	580	3.4	3.5	3.4
60 minutes and over	910	530	380	2.6	2.9	2.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	35,655	18,445	17,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,045	805	240	2.9	4.4	1.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,315	2,795	1,520	12.1	15.2	8.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,200	5,935	6,260	34.2	32.2	36.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,505	4,295	5,215	26.7	23.3	30.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,620	1,795	1,830	10.2	9.7	10.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,970	2,820	2,145	13.9	15.3	12.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,450	9,235	9,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,095	1,070	1,025	11.4	11.6	11.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,355	8,165	8,190	88.6	88.4	88.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,325	6,685	6,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,710	875	830	12.8	13.1	12.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,275	640	635	9.6	9.6	9.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	430	235	195	3.2	3.5	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,620	5,805	5,815	87.2	86.8	87.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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