Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Longueuil, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	254,483	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	239,897^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	117,006	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	113,086	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,198.2	...	...	2,198.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	115.77	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	254,480	124,610	129,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	42,645	21,785	20,865	16.8	17.5	16.1
0 to 4 years	13,740	6,990	6,755	5.4	5.6	5.2
5 to 9 years	14,755	7,545	7,210	5.8	6.1	5.6
10 to 14 years	14,150	7,250	6,900	5.6	5.8	5.3
15 to 64 years	163,570	81,650	81,920	64.3	65.5	63.1
15 to 19 years	12,475	6,350	6,125	4.9	5.1	4.7
20 to 24 years	13,995	6,975	7,025	5.5	5.6	5.4
25 to 29 years	16,690	8,480	8,210	6.6	6.8	6.3
30 to 34 years	17,350	8,685	8,660	6.8	7.0	6.7
35 to 39 years	18,170	8,895	9,270	7.1	7.1	7.1
40 to 44 years	18,450	9,415	9,035	7.3	7.6	7.0
45 to 49 years	16,165	8,170	7,995	6.4	6.6	6.2
50 to 54 years	15,145	7,555	7,585	6.0	6.1	5.8
55 to 59 years	17,610	8,690	8,925	6.9	7.0	6.9
60 to 64 years	17,525	8,425	9,100	6.9	6.8	7.0
65 years and over	48,270	21,175	27,090	19.0	17.0	20.9
65 to 69 years	15,250	7,225	8,025	6.0	5.8	6.2
70 to 74 years	12,780	5,560	7,220	5.0	4.5	5.6
75 to 79 years	9,440	4,310	5,125	3.7	3.5	3.9
80 to 84 years	5,820	2,350	3,470	2.3	1.9	2.7
85 years and over	4,980	1,730	3,250	2.0	1.4	2.5
85 to 89 years	3,235	1,260	1,975	1.3	1.0	1.5
90 to 94 years	1,355	420	940	0.5	0.3	0.7
95 to 99 years	340	50	290	0.1	0.0	0.2
100 years and over	55	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.5	16.1	16.8	17.5	16.1
15 to 64 years	64.3	65.5	63.1	64.3	65.5	63.1
65 years and over	19.0	17.0	20.9	19.0	17.0	20.9
85 years and over	2.0	1.4	2.5	2.0	1.4	2.5
Average age of the population	41.7	40.6	42.8	41.7	40.6	42.8
Median age of the population	41.6	40.4	42.4	41.6	40.4	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	113,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	36,095	...	...	31.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	5,790	...	...	5.1	...	...
Row house	3,490	...	...	3.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,210	...	...	5.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	55,555	...	...	49.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,840	...	...	4.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	555	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	555	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	113,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	40,730	...	...	36.0	...	...
2 persons	37,340	...	...	33.0	...	...
3 persons	15,250	...	...	13.5	...	...
4 persons	12,750	...	...	11.3	...	...
5 or more persons	7,020	...	...	6.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	250,425	123,195	127,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	211,840	102,825	109,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	112,640	56,470	56,175	53.2	54.9	51.5
Married	68,655	34,410	34,240	32.4	33.5	31.4
Living common-law	43,985	22,060	21,930	20.8	21.5	20.1
Living common law - Never married	36,060	18,100	17,960	17.0	17.6	16.5
Living common law - Separated	510	255	255	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	6,710	3,390	3,315	3.2	3.3	3.0
Living common law - Widowed	705	305	400	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	99,195	46,355	52,845	46.8	45.1	48.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	68,015	36,320	31,695	32.1	35.3	29.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,735	1,610	2,130	1.8	1.6	2.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	16,775	5,880	10,900	7.9	5.7	10.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10,670	2,540	8,125	5.0	2.5	7.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	68,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	36,470	...	...	53.0	...	...
3 persons	14,440	...	...	21.0	...	...
4 persons	12,200	...	...	17.7	...	...
5 or more persons	5,655	...	...	8.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	68,765	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	55,090	...	...	80.1	...	...
Married couples	33,110	...	...	48.1	...	...
With children⁶	17,055	...	...	24.8	...	...
Without children	16,055	...	...	23.3	...	...
Common-law couples	21,980	...	...	32.0	...	...
With children⁶	10,095	...	...	14.7	...	...
Without children	11,885	...	...	17.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	13,670	...	...	19.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	10,460	...	...	15.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	3,215	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	250,425	123,195	127,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	195,245	96,095	99,150	78.0	78.0	77.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	110,180	55,210	54,970	44.0	44.8	43.2
Parents in one-parent families	13,675	3,215	10,455	5.5	2.6	8.2
Children⁶	71,390	37,670	33,720	28.5	30.6	26.5
In a two-parent family	50,865	26,655	24,210	20.3	21.6	19.0
In a one-parent family	20,525	11,015	9,510	8.2	8.9	7.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	55,185	27,105	28,085	22.0	22.0	22.1
Living alone	40,730	19,265	21,470	16.3	15.6	16.9
Living with other relatives⁷	5,955	2,630	3,325	2.4	2.1	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	8,500	5,210	3,295	3.4	4.2	2.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	113,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	63,140	...	...	55.8	...	...
Couple-family households	51,550	...	...	45.6	...	...
With children⁶	25,375	...	...	22.4	...	...
Without children	26,180	...	...	23.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	11,590	...	...	10.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,755	...	...	1.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	320	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,510	...	...	2.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	4,630	...	...	4.1	...	...
One-person households	40,735	...	...	36.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	207,820	101,440	106,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	201,875	98,500	103,375	97.1	97.1	97.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	44,800	37,600	41,200	44,800	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	201,960	98,540	103,420	97.2	97.1	97.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	38,800	34,000	36,400	38,800	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	180,125	89,820	90,310	86.7	88.5	84.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	39,600	28,600	34,000	39,600	28,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	147,805	76,245	71,570	71.1	75.2	67.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,800	32,000	36,400	40,800	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	167,965	77,760	90,200	80.8	76.7	84.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,300	9,800	12,500	11,300	9,800	12,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,895	12,140	11,755	11.5	12.0	11.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,600	5,520	5,480	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	59,680	31,170	28,510	28.7	30.7	26.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,000	8,000	8,000	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	207,820	101,445	106,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	201,855	98,495	103,365	97.1	97.1	97.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,160	54,700	43,920	49,160	54,700	43,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	201,905	98,505	103,400	97.2	97.1	97.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,600	44,160	37,200	40,600	44,160	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	180,240	89,930	90,305	86.7	88.6	84.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	50,360	36,840	43,600	50,360	36,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	147,805	76,350	71,455	71.1	75.3	67.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,520	49,640	39,080	44,520	49,640	39,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	168,115	77,785	90,325	80.9	76.7	84.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,300	11,030	13,400	12,300	11,030	13,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,845	11,995	11,850	11.5	11.8	11.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,850	6,000	7,700	6,850	6,000	7,700
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	59,045	30,795	28,250	28.4	30.4	26.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,390	8,280	8,510	8,390	8,280	8,510
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	207,820	101,440	106,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	69,945	37,695	32,250	33.7	37.2	30.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,000	62,400	53,600	58,000	62,400	53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,200	73,000	60,350	67,200	73,000	60,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	60,855	29,690	31,170	29.3	29.3	29.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	21,600	17,000	19,000	21,600	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,040	30,560	23,680	27,040	30,560	23,680
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.2	84.0	73.4	79.2	84.0	73.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.4	70.4	61.5	66.4	70.4	61.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.8	15.9	26.7	20.8	15.9	26.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.3	2.0	1.6	1.3	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.8	5.3	6.4	5.8	5.3	6.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.0	4.7	5.3	5.0	4.7	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	207,820	101,440	106,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	5,945	2,940	3,005	2.9	2.9	2.8
With total income	201,875	98,500	103,375	97.1	97.1	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	13,810	6,270	7,540	6.8	6.4	7.3
$10,000 to $19,999	23,330	9,775	13,560	11.6	9.9	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	33,235	14,140	19,090	16.5	14.4	18.5
$30,000 to $39,999	27,725	12,920	14,805	13.7	13.1	14.3
$40,000 to $49,999	26,765	12,970	13,795	13.3	13.2	13.3
$50,000 to $59,999	21,610	10,640	10,975	10.7	10.8	10.6
$60,000 to $69,999	15,435	8,040	7,395	7.6	8.2	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	11,030	6,115	4,915	5.5	6.2	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	8,485	4,775	3,705	4.2	4.8	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	5,745	3,255	2,490	2.8	3.3	2.4
$100,000 and over	14,705	9,595	5,110	7.3	9.7	4.9
$100,000 to $149,999	10,880	6,920	3,955	5.4	7.0	3.8
$150,000 and over	3,825	2,670	1,155	1.9	2.7	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	207,820	101,440	106,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	5,860	2,900	2,965	2.8	2.9	2.8
With after-tax income	201,960	98,545	103,420	97.2	97.1	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,700	6,555	8,140	7.3	6.7	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	24,600	10,380	14,220	12.2	10.5	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	39,445	17,225	22,215	19.5	17.5	21.5
$30,000 to $39,999	34,905	16,965	17,940	17.3	17.2	17.3
$40,000 to $49,999	31,390	15,760	15,625	15.5	16.0	15.1
$50,000 to $59,999	21,150	10,990	10,160	10.5	11.2	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	13,915	7,440	6,470	6.9	7.5	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	8,520	4,700	3,825	4.2	4.8	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	4,940	2,980	1,965	2.4	3.0	1.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,910	1,825	1,085	1.4	1.9	1.0
$100,000 and over	5,490	3,725	1,765	2.7	3.8	1.7
$100,000 to $124,999	3,205	2,110	1,090	1.6	2.1	1.1
$125,000 and over	2,285	1,610	675	1.1	1.6	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	207,820	101,440	106,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	60,010	25,200	34,815	28.9	24.8	32.7
With employment income	147,810	76,240	71,565	71.1	75.2	67.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	19,240	9,690	9,555	13.0	12.7	13.4
$5,000 to $9,999	11,980	5,395	6,585	8.1	7.1	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	17,800	7,885	9,910	12.0	10.3	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	15,020	6,980	8,040	10.2	9.2	11.2
$30,000 to $39,999	15,095	7,420	7,675	10.2	9.7	10.7
$40,000 to $49,999	15,540	7,735	7,805	10.5	10.1	10.9
$50,000 to $59,999	13,155	6,980	6,175	8.9	9.2	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	9,895	5,550	4,340	6.7	7.3	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	7,750	4,525	3,225	5.2	5.9	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	6,455	3,630	2,820	4.4	4.8	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	4,255	2,625	1,630	2.9	3.4	2.3
$100,000 and over	11,625	7,820	3,805	7.9	10.3	5.3
$100,000 to $124,999	6,075	3,925	2,145	4.1	5.1	3.0
$125,000 and over	5,555	3,895	1,660	3.8	5.1	2.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	207,820	101,440	106,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	197,930	96,460	101,475	95.2	95.1	95.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,400	34,000	38,000	42,400	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	198,010	96,470	101,540	95.3	95.1	95.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	37,200	31,000	34,000	37,200	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	177,265	88,430	88,835	85.3	87.2	83.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,400	29,800	34,800	40,400	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	146,920	75,655	71,270	70.7	74.6	67.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	41,200	32,400	36,800	41,200	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	153,165	69,450	83,715	73.7	68.5	78.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,200	4,280	9,000	7,200	4,280	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	19,295	10,005	9,290	9.3	9.9	8.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,760	4,360	5,360	4,760	4,360	5,360
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	207,820	101,445	106,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	197,935	96,345	101,590	95.2	95.0	95.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,120	52,000	40,560	46,120	52,000	40,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	198,030	96,365	101,670	95.3	95.0	95.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,120	41,880	34,560	38,120	41,880	34,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	177,180	88,305	88,870	85.3	87.0	83.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	50,640	36,600	43,600	50,640	36,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	146,745	75,635	71,115	70.6	74.6	66.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,560	50,120	38,600	44,560	50,120	38,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	153,375	69,305	84,075	73.8	68.3	79.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,150	7,740	10,310	9,150	7,740	10,310
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,235	9,825	9,415	9.3	9.7	8.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,840	5,620	8,110	6,840	5,620	8,110
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	207,820	101,440	106,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	69,530	37,430	32,100	33.5	36.9	30.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	58,800	48,800	53,600	58,800	48,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,350	68,800	54,950	62,350	68,800	54,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	56,715	27,705	29,010	27.3	27.3	27.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	28,000	21,600	24,400	28,000	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,280	36,760	28,000	32,280	36,760	28,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.6	89.2	79.0	84.6	89.2	79.0
Employment income (%)	71.6	75.6	66.6	71.6	75.6	66.6
Government transfers (%)	15.4	10.7	21.0	15.4	10.7	21.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.1	1.9	1.4	1.1	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	113,085	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	40,735	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	40,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	72,355	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	113,085	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,800	...	...	87,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	40,720	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,360	...	...	47,360	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	72,365	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,500	...	...	110,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	113,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	900	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	675	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,515	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,610	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	6,200	...	...	5.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	4,215	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,405	...	...	3.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,815	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5,420	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5,450	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10,045	...	...	8.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	8,955	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	8,045	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	7,390	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	6,510	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	35,930	...	...	31.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	12,625	...	...	11.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	8,605	...	...	7.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	8,795	...	...	7.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,910	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	113,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,015	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	715	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,550	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,725	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	6,740	...	...	6.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5,330	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5,470	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	6,390	...	...	5.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	6,675	...	...	5.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	6,290	...	...	5.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	11,350	...	...	10.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10,065	...	...	8.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	8,995	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	7,820	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	6,590	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	25,345	...	...	22.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	11,700	...	...	10.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,515	...	...	5.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	7,135	...	...	6.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	69,125	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	26,440	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	27,260	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	13,150	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	49,235	24,475	24,760	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,800	41,600	36,400	38,800	41,600	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	36,400	32,800	34,400	36,400	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	69,230	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,100	...	...	111,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,300	...	...	91,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	26,550	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,400	...	...	101,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,800	...	...	82,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	27,225	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,400	...	...	138,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,500	...	...	113,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,180	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,300	...	...	77,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,300	...	...	64,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	49,035	24,365	24,665	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,560	48,600	42,520	45,560	48,600	42,520
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,240	40,080	36,480	38,240	40,080	36,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	250,430	123,195	127,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	50,180	25,615	24,570	20.0	20.8	19.3
0 to 5 years	16,670	8,495	8,180	6.7	6.9	6.4
18 to 64 years	155,385	77,410	77,975	62.0	62.8	61.3
65 years and over	44,860	20,165	24,695	17.9	16.4	19.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	29,755	13,605	16,155	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	5,825	2,960	2,860	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,985	990	995	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	15,625	7,760	7,870	...	...	...
65 years and over	8,305	2,885	5,420	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.9	11.0	12.7	11.9	11.0	12.7
0 to 17 years (%)	11.6	11.6	11.7	11.6	11.6	11.7
0 to 5 years (%)	11.9	11.7	12.1	11.9	11.7	12.1
18 to 64 years (%)	10.1	10.0	10.1	10.1	10.0	10.1
65 years and over (%)	18.5	14.3	21.9	18.5	14.3	21.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	250,430	123,195	127,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	50,180	25,610	24,565	20.0	20.8	19.3
0 to 5 years	16,670	8,495	8,180	6.7	6.9	6.4
18 to 64 years	155,385	77,415	77,970	62.0	62.8	61.3
65 years and over	44,865	20,170	24,695	17.9	16.4	19.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	17,200	8,475	8,725	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,090	1,545	1,545	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,040	510	530	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	11,170	5,880	5,285	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,940	1,050	1,890	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.9	6.9	6.9	6.9	6.9	6.9
0 to 17 years (%)	6.2	6.0	6.3	6.2	6.0	6.3
0 to 5 years (%)	6.2	6.0	6.5	6.2	6.0	6.5
18 to 64 years (%)	7.2	7.6	6.8	7.2	7.6	6.8
65 years and over (%)	6.6	5.2	7.7	6.6	5.2	7.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	250,430	123,195	127,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	145,435	69,740	75,695	58.1	56.6	59.5
In bottom decile	26,010	12,220	13,790	10.4	9.9	10.8
In second decile	27,585	12,810	14,770	11.0	10.4	11.6
In third decile	31,335	14,985	16,350	12.5	12.2	12.9
In fourth decile	31,165	15,215	15,945	12.4	12.4	12.5
In fifth decile	29,335	14,510	14,825	11.7	11.8	11.7
In top half of the distribution	104,995	53,450	51,545	41.9	43.4	40.5
In sixth decile	27,380	13,775	13,610	10.9	11.2	10.7
In seventh decile	25,620	13,005	12,615	10.2	10.6	9.9
In eighth decile	21,820	11,125	10,695	8.7	9.0	8.4
In ninth decile	17,785	9,095	8,685	7.1	7.4	6.8
In top decile	12,390	6,455	5,930	4.9	5.2	4.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	250,430	...	...	250,430	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.307	...	...	0.307	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.437	...	...	0.437	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.263	...	...	0.263	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	251,825	123,715	128,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	8,635	4,485	4,145	3.4	3.6	3.2
French only	108,890	49,215	59,675	43.2	39.8	46.6
English and French	131,555	68,880	62,670	52.2	55.7	48.9
Neither English nor French	2,750	1,130	1,620	1.1	0.9	1.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	251,825	123,715	128,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	23,575	12,015	11,565	9.4	9.7	9.0
French	211,740	103,405	108,335	84.1	83.6	84.6
English and French	13,860	7,225	6,640	5.5	5.8	5.2
Neither English nor French	2,650	1,075	1,575	1.1	0.9	1.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	251,825	123,715	128,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	240,445	117,990	122,460	95.5	95.4	95.6
Official languages	195,640	96,195	99,440	77.7	77.8	77.6
English	14,565	7,420	7,140	5.8	6.0	5.6
French	181,075	88,780	92,295	71.9	71.8	72.0
Non-official languages	44,810	21,790	23,020	17.8	17.6	18.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	44,790	21,785	23,005	17.8	17.6	18.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,695	4,570	4,125	3.5	3.7	3.2
Berber languages	1,225	620	610	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kabyle	1,115	565	550	0.4	0.5	0.4
Tamazight	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	7,380	3,900	3,480	2.9	3.2	2.7
Amharic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	7,340	3,880	3,465	2.9	3.1	2.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,365	630	730	0.5	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	295	125	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	1,065	500	565	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	605	235	365	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bikol	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	195	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	275	105	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	3,120	1,405	1,710	1.2	1.1	1.3
Haitian Creole	2,195	965	1,230	0.9	0.8	1.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	395	190	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sango	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	490	230	255	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	290	150	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	120	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	24,225	11,725	12,500	9.6	9.5	9.8
Albanian	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,100	1,435	1,665	1.2	1.2	1.3
Baltic languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,080	1,430	1,650	1.2	1.2	1.3
Belarusian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	375	205	175	0.1	0.2	0.1
Czech	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	350	135	210	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	1,800	835	970	0.7	0.7	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	170	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	90	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	235	110	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	410	205	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	315	155	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	300	155	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	485	265	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	3,580	1,825	1,750	1.4	1.5	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	1,005	520	490	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	220	120	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	195	105	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	175	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	260	130	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	2,570	1,305	1,265	1.0	1.1	1.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	2,470	1,250	1,225	1.0	1.0	1.0
Dari	1,660	835	825	0.7	0.7	0.6
Iranian Persian	640	320	315	0.3	0.3	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	175	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	16,485	7,905	8,575	6.5	6.4	6.7
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	985	485	495	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	1,950	940	1,015	0.8	0.8	0.8
Romanian	2,235	1,085	1,155	0.9	0.9	0.9
Spanish	11,300	5,395	5,910	4.5	4.4	4.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	230	100	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	2,175	1,090	1,085	0.9	0.9	0.8
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	115	65	55	0.0	0.1	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	215	105	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	195	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	340	165	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	145	60	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	430	235	190	0.2	0.2	0.1
Yoruba	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	360	185	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,195	1,465	1,725	1.3	1.2	1.3
Chinese languages	3,150	1,445	1,705	1.3	1.2	1.3
Hakka	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,910	865	1,040	0.8	0.7	0.8
Min Dong	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	105	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,005	465	540	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	75	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	370	165	205	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	335	155	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	190	95	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	155	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	11,375	5,735	5,645	4.5	4.6	4.4
English and French	4,460	2,280	2,175	1.8	1.8	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	1,025	505	515	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	4,585	2,290	2,300	1.8	1.9	1.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	975	495	475	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	340	160	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	251,825	123,715	128,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	13,075	6,635	6,440	5.2	5.4	5.0
French	172,310	84,170	88,140	68.4	68.0	68.8
Non-official language	13,795	6,665	7,130	5.5	5.4	5.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	13,795	6,665	7,130	5.5	5.4	5.6
English and French	17,190	9,035	8,155	6.8	7.3	6.4
English and non-official language(s)	3,940	1,985	1,955	1.6	1.6	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	19,950	9,490	10,465	7.9	7.7	8.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10,900	5,440	5,460	4.3	4.4	4.3
Multiple non-official languages	670	300	370	0.3	0.2	0.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	251,825	123,715	128,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	237,735	116,810	120,925	94.4	94.4	94.4
Official languages	212,080	104,400	107,685	84.2	84.4	84.1
English	18,875	9,555	9,320	7.5	7.7	7.3
French	193,210	94,840	98,365	76.7	76.7	76.8
Non-official languages	25,650	12,415	13,240	10.2	10.0	10.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	25,645	12,415	13,235	10.2	10.0	10.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,760	1,905	1,855	1.5	1.5	1.4
Berber languages	480	235	250	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	425	205	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,245	1,660	1,590	1.3	1.3	1.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	3,230	1,655	1,575	1.3	1.3	1.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	770	370	395	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	135	60	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	630	310	320	0.3	0.3	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	205	100	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	1,340	585	760	0.5	0.5	0.6
Haitian Creole	890	370	520	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	210	100	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	220	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	180	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15,630	7,575	8,055	6.2	6.1	6.3
Albanian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,130	1,040	1,085	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,125	1,040	1,085	0.8	0.8	0.8
Belarusian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	285	150	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	115	45	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	1,455	720	740	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	215	95	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,505	1,240	1,270	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	605	290	315	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	115	50	65	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,895	945	955	0.8	0.8	0.7
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	1,835	915	920	0.7	0.7	0.7
Dari	1,175	590	590	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iranian Persian	535	265	275	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	120	65	55	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10,645	5,125	5,520	4.2	4.1	4.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	215	90	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	1,105	530	580	0.4	0.4	0.5
Romanian	1,500	740	760	0.6	0.6	0.6
Spanish	7,820	3,765	4,055	3.1	3.0	3.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	645	310	330	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	150	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	175	105	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,465	1,170	1,300	1.0	0.9	1.0
Chinese languages	2,435	1,155	1,285	1.0	0.9	1.0
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,565	745	825	0.6	0.6	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	715	335	380	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	55	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	200	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	195	95	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	110	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	95	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	14,090	6,905	7,180	5.6	5.6	5.6
English and French	5,060	2,555	2,505	2.0	2.1	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	1,375	680	695	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	6,075	2,905	3,175	2.4	2.3	2.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,460	710	755	0.6	0.6	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	251,825	123,715	128,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	210,225	102,895	107,330	83.5	83.2	83.8
English	12,185	6,450	5,730	4.8	5.2	4.5
French	10,275	4,975	5,300	4.1	4.0	4.1
Non-official language	10,835	5,190	5,645	4.3	4.2	4.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10,830	5,190	5,645	4.3	4.2	4.4
English and French	2,500	1,290	1,210	1.0	1.0	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	3,360	1,705	1,660	1.3	1.4	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	1,485	715	770	0.6	0.6	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	275	140	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	685	355	325	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	250,430	123,195	127,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	247,625	121,965	125,660	98.9	99.0	98.8
English	139,450	72,860	66,590	55.7	59.1	52.3
French	239,190	117,595	121,595	95.5	95.5	95.6
Non-official languages	69,775	33,865	35,905	27.9	27.5	28.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	69,730	33,850	35,885	27.8	27.5	28.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	13,900	7,240	6,660	5.6	5.9	5.2
Berber languages	2,180	1,085	1,095	0.9	0.9	0.9
Kabyle	1,915	960	960	0.8	0.8	0.8
Tamazight	230	115	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	190	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hausa	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	130	50	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	12,750	6,695	6,065	5.1	5.4	4.8
Amharic	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	12,535	6,610	5,925	5.0	5.4	4.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	200	75	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,705	795	910	0.7	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	410	185	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	1,340	635	710	0.5	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	965	395	565	0.4	0.3	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	325	180	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	225	115	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	105	65	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malay	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	530	180	355	0.2	0.1	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	7,175	3,250	3,920	2.9	2.6	3.1
Haitian Creole	5,975	2,675	3,300	2.4	2.2	2.6
Jamaican English Creole	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	685	330	360	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sango	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	785	365	420	0.3	0.3	0.3
Creole languages, n.i.e.	125	60	75	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dravidian languages	460	260	210	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	80	50	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	215	110	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	160	90	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	37,910	18,435	19,475	15.1	15.0	15.3
Albanian	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	140	50	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	4,395	2,130	2,270	1.8	1.7	1.8
Baltic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	4,380	2,120	2,260	1.7	1.7	1.8
Belarusian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	505	275	240	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	385	195	190	0.2	0.2	0.1
Russian	3,225	1,555	1,670	1.3	1.3	1.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	255	120	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	145	55	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	470	215	250	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,225	620	605	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,030	550	480	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	1,015	550	465	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	160	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	105	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	80	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	740	390	350	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	4,760	2,425	2,335	1.9	2.0	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages	1,900	1,005	890	0.8	0.8	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	200	110	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	115	65	50	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	950	465	485	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	385	220	165	0.2	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	700	395	300	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	3,225	1,615	1,605	1.3	1.3	1.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	65	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	155	95	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	3,065	1,520	1,545	1.2	1.2	1.2
Dari	1,960	975	985	0.8	0.8	0.8
Iranian Persian	850	420	430	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	315	160	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	27,890	13,455	14,435	11.1	10.9	11.3
Catalan	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,485	1,270	1,215	1.0	1.0	1.0
Portuguese	3,075	1,565	1,520	1.2	1.3	1.2
Romanian	2,760	1,380	1,380	1.1	1.1	1.1
Spanish	21,015	10,010	11,010	8.4	8.1	8.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	295	120	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	420	160	260	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	4,770	2,305	2,470	1.9	1.9	1.9
Akan (Twi)	70	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	295	160	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	120	75	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	300	135	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	320	145	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	835	420	410	0.3	0.3	0.3
Luba-Kasai	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	180	100	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	490	175	315	0.2	0.1	0.2
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	540	200	335	0.2	0.2	0.3
Wojenaka	135	60	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wolof	875	480	395	0.3	0.4	0.3
Yoruba	205	105	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,240	615	625	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nilo-Saharan languages	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	70	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	260	115	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	215	100	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,960	1,805	2,160	1.6	1.5	1.7
Chinese languages	3,905	1,785	2,120	1.6	1.4	1.7
Hakka	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,625	1,185	1,440	1.0	1.0	1.1
Min Dong	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	195	65	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,455	690	770	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	355	170	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	325	165	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	430	200	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	340	155	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	195	105	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	190	105	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	70	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	250,430	123,195	127,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,255	1,495	1,760	1.3	1.2	1.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,100	1,430	1,670	1.2	1.2	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,780	785	995	0.7	0.6	0.8
Métis	1,250	615	630	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	70	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	120	50	80	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	247,175	121,700	125,475	98.7	98.8	98.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	250,430	123,195	127,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	505	235	265	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	249,925	122,960	126,970	99.8	99.8	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	113,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	59,155	...	...	52.3	...	...
Renter	53,925	...	...	47.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	113,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	21,540	...	...	19.0	...	...
Not condominium	91,545	...	...	81.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	113,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	640	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	20,290	...	...	17.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	39,105	...	...	34.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	35,395	...	...	31.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	17,655	...	...	15.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	113,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	49,205	...	...	43.5	...	...
5 rooms	20,885	...	...	18.5	...	...
6 rooms	10,825	...	...	9.6	...	...
7 rooms	10,800	...	...	9.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	21,370	...	...	18.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.4	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	113,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	111,425	...	...	98.5	...	...
More than one person per room	1,660	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	113,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	108,045	...	...	95.5	...	...
Not suitable	5,040	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	113,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	18,450	...	...	16.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	44,100	...	...	39.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	18,275	...	...	16.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	10,130	...	...	9.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,065	...	...	3.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,945	...	...	4.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,540	...	...	4.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	7,575	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	113,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	105,425	...	...	93.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	7,655	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	113,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	63,700	...	...	56.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	46,440	...	...	41.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,945	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	113,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,190	...	...	2.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	16,720	...	...	14.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	21,240	...	...	18.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	19,460	...	...	17.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	22,160	...	...	19.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	17,850	...	...	15.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	9,760	...	...	8.6	...	...
85 years and over	2,700	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	112,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	93,215	...	...	82.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	19,520	...	...	17.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	18,150	...	...	16.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	113,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	29,880	...	...	26.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	17,745	...	...	15.7	...	...
Not suitable only	4,025	...	...	3.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	5,800	...	...	5.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	455	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,295	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	540	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	83,205	...	...	73.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	111,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	9,170	...	...	8.2	...	...
Not in core need	102,190	...	...	91.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	59,160	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.4	...	...	65.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.5	...	...	10.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,210	...	...	1,210	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,261	...	...	1,261	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	376,000	...	...	376,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	399,200	...	...	399,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	53,930	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.6	...	...	7.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.9	...	...	24.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.9	...	...	14.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	840	...	...	840	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	907	...	...	907	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	250,430	123,195	127,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,725	1,270	1,460	1.1	1.0	1.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,700	1,250	1,445	1.1	1.0	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,365	1,115	1,250	0.9	0.9	1.0
Métis single ancestry	305	130	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,795	2,590	3,205	2.3	2.1	2.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,755	2,575	3,180	2.3	2.1	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,340	2,385	2,960	2.1	1.9	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	365	175	195	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	241,905	119,335	122,565	96.6	96.9	96.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	250,425	123,195	127,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	228,950	112,600	116,350	91.4	91.4	91.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	45,700	23,455	22,250	18.2	19.0	17.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	183,245	89,145	94,095	73.2	72.4	74.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	21,480	10,595	10,885	8.6	8.6	8.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	250,425	123,195	127,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	190,085	93,520	96,565	75.9	75.9	75.9
Immigrants⁸¹	53,070	25,875	27,190	21.2	21.0	21.4
Before 1980	5,620	2,795	2,820	2.2	2.3	2.2
1980 to 1990	4,445	2,145	2,300	1.8	1.7	1.8
1991 to 2000	6,560	3,220	3,340	2.6	2.6	2.6
2001 to 2010	15,360	7,505	7,860	6.1	6.1	6.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	21,085	10,205	10,880	8.4	8.3	8.6
2011 to 2015	11,000	5,350	5,650	4.4	4.3	4.4
2016 to 2021	10,085	4,860	5,230	4.0	3.9	4.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	7,275	3,800	3,480	2.9	3.1	2.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	53,070	25,875	27,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	5,490	2,780	2,710	10.3	10.7	10.0
5 to 14 years	9,120	4,590	4,530	17.2	17.7	16.7
15 to 24 years	8,040	3,500	4,540	15.1	13.5	16.7
25 to 44 years	26,920	13,235	13,680	50.7	51.1	50.3
45 years and over	3,500	1,765	1,730	6.6	6.8	6.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	53,070	25,875	27,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	14,025	6,500	7,530	26.4	25.1	27.7
Brazil	640	300	345	1.2	1.2	1.3
Colombia	2,340	1,085	1,250	4.4	4.2	4.6
El Salvador	390	200	190	0.7	0.8	0.7
Guyana	135	55	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Haiti	4,465	1,960	2,510	8.4	7.6	9.2
Jamaica	100	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexico	960	445	520	1.8	1.7	1.9
Peru	1,020	460	560	1.9	1.8	2.1
Trinidad and Tobago	165	80	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
United States of America	540	220	320	1.0	0.9	1.2
Other places of birth in Americas	3,270	1,655	1,615	6.2	6.4	5.9
Europe	11,005	5,560	5,440	20.7	21.5	20.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatia	80	35	40	0.2	0.1	0.1
France	3,725	1,905	1,825	7.0	7.4	6.7
Germany	215	110	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Greece	275	155	120	0.5	0.6	0.4
Hungary	70	40	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italy	525	270	250	1.0	1.0	0.9
Netherlands	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	210	105	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portugal	680	350	330	1.3	1.4	1.2
Romania	1,720	855	865	3.2	3.3	3.2
Russian Federation	575	250	330	1.1	1.0	1.2
Serbia⁸⁶	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	565	305	260	1.1	1.2	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	295	135	155	0.6	0.5	0.6
Other places of birth in Europe	1,930	975	955	3.6	3.8	3.5
Africa	18,100	9,170	8,935	34.1	35.4	32.9
Algeria	3,800	1,905	1,895	7.2	7.4	7.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	865	400	465	1.6	1.5	1.7
Egypt	535	325	210	1.0	1.3	0.8
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Morocco	3,760	1,995	1,770	7.1	7.7	6.5
Nigeria	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somalia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	9,035	4,480	4,550	17.0	17.3	16.7
Asia	9,875	4,610	5,260	18.6	17.8	19.3
Afghanistan	1,410	715	700	2.7	2.8	2.6
Iran⁸⁸	645	310	340	1.2	1.2	1.3
Iraq	80	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Lebanon	640	340	295	1.2	1.3	1.1
Syria⁸⁹	265	135	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Turkey	155	90	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
China⁹⁰	1,835	820	1,015	3.5	3.2	3.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	220	85	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	210	75	130	0.4	0.3	0.5
Taiwan	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	505	160	345	1.0	0.6	1.3
Viet Nam	1,000	480	520	1.9	1.9	1.9
Bangladesh	115	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
India	635	325	305	1.2	1.3	1.1
Pakistan	380	200	180	0.7	0.8	0.7
Sri Lanka	115	65	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	1,555	655	895	2.9	2.5	3.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	10,085	4,855	5,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,705	855	850	16.9	17.6	16.3
Brazil	120	55	70	1.2	1.1	1.3
Colombia	465	240	220	4.6	4.9	4.2
Haiti	370	195	175	3.7	4.0	3.3
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	135	70	60	1.3	1.4	1.1
United States of America	35	20	20	0.3	0.4	0.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	175	75	100	1.7	1.5	1.9
Other places of birth in Americas	390	195	190	3.9	4.0	3.6
Europe	1,300	645	650	12.9	13.3	12.4
France	765	400	365	7.6	8.2	7.0
Germany	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Russian Federation	95	50	45	0.9	1.0	0.9
Ukraine	90	35	55	0.9	0.7	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other places of birth in Europe	295	135	155	2.9	2.8	3.0
Africa	5,005	2,385	2,620	49.6	49.1	50.1
Algeria	675	290	390	6.7	6.0	7.5
Burundi	215	90	120	2.1	1.9	2.3
Cameroon	1,040	480	560	10.3	9.9	10.7
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	180	100	80	1.8	2.1	1.5
Côte d'Ivoire	830	400	430	8.2	8.2	8.2
Egypt	55	35	25	0.5	0.7	0.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Morocco	575	290	290	5.7	6.0	5.5
Nigeria	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	305	155	155	3.0	3.2	3.0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,090	540	550	10.8	11.1	10.5
Asia	2,065	955	1,110	20.5	19.7	21.2
Afghanistan	370	180	190	3.7	3.7	3.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	370	165	200	3.7	3.4	3.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	320	175	150	3.2	3.6	2.9
Iran⁸⁸	120	50	75	1.2	1.0	1.4
Iraq	25	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Israel	20	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.4
Japan	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.4
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	85	25	55	0.8	0.5	1.1
Lebanon	60	30	25	0.6	0.6	0.5
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	115	65	50	1.1	1.3	1.0
Philippines	50	10	45	0.5	0.2	0.9
Saudi Arabia	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	170	80	90	1.7	1.6	1.7
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Viet Nam	80	40	40	0.8	0.8	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	205	80	130	2.0	1.6	2.5
Oceania and other⁹³	20	20	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	20	20	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	250,430	123,195	127,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	61,990	30,415	31,575	24.8	24.7	24.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	32,690	16,915	15,780	13.1	13.7	12.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	155,750	75,865	79,885	62.2	61.6	62.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	47,450	23,075	24,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	28,485	14,935	13,550	60.0	64.7	55.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	12,850	7,815	5,030	27.1	33.9	20.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	15,635	7,120	8,520	33.0	30.9	35.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	10,825	4,270	6,560	22.8	18.5	26.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	7,495	3,615	3,885	15.8	15.7	15.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	640	260	380	1.3	1.1	1.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	47,450	23,075	24,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	4,060	1,965	2,095	8.6	8.5	8.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,225	1,710	1,515	6.8	7.4	6.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,065	615	450	2.2	2.7	1.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,170	1,310	865	4.6	5.7	3.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	480	165	315	1.0	0.7	1.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	36,445	17,305	19,140	76.8	75.0	78.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	250,430	123,195	127,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	63,240	31,105	32,130	25.3	25.2	25.3
South Asian	2,605	1,410	1,195	1.0	1.1	0.9
Chinese	4,300	1,945	2,355	1.7	1.6	1.9
Black	24,910	12,130	12,775	9.9	9.8	10.0
Filipino	820	330	485	0.3	0.3	0.4
Arab	11,025	5,890	5,130	4.4	4.8	4.0
Latin American	11,400	5,420	5,985	4.6	4.4	4.7
Southeast Asian	2,730	1,300	1,430	1.1	1.1	1.1
West Asian	2,855	1,450	1,405	1.1	1.2	1.1
Korean	425	190	235	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	145	35	110	0.1	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	605	325	275	0.2	0.3	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	1,430	680	755	0.6	0.6	0.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	187,190	92,085	95,105	74.7	74.7	74.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	250,430	123,195	127,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	60,585	29,305	31,275	24.2	23.8	24.6
English	4,825	2,375	2,455	1.9	1.9	1.9
Irish	11,950	5,555	6,390	4.8	4.5	5.0
Scottish	5,380	2,460	2,920	2.1	2.0	2.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	54,350	27,170	27,180	21.7	22.1	21.4
German	3,585	1,650	1,945	1.4	1.3	1.5
Chinese	4,710	2,095	2,615	1.9	1.7	2.1
Italian	7,930	3,995	3,935	3.2	3.2	3.1
Indian (India)	1,995	1,020	970	0.8	0.8	0.8
Ukrainian	1,530	720	810	0.6	0.6	0.6
Dutch	595	260	335	0.2	0.2	0.3
Polish	1,700	820	885	0.7	0.7	0.7
Québécois	27,500	13,620	13,885	11.0	11.1	10.9
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	990	500	490	0.4	0.4	0.4
Filipino	780	265	520	0.3	0.2	0.4
French Canadian	14,095	6,920	7,180	5.6	5.6	5.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,580	1,690	1,890	1.4	1.4	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,830	1,730	2,100	1.5	1.4	1.7
Métis	740	335	400	0.3	0.3	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,675	1,385	1,295	1.1	1.1	1.0
Russian	1,925	850	1,075	0.8	0.7	0.8
Norwegian	185	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	315	185	130	0.1	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	2,550	1,300	1,250	1.0	1.1	1.0
American	1,260	505	755	0.5	0.4	0.6
Spanish	2,940	1,485	1,450	1.2	1.2	1.1
Swedish	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	640	335	305	0.3	0.3	0.2
Acadian	2,435	1,125	1,310	1.0	0.9	1.0
Pakistani	445	245	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	4,245	2,065	2,180	1.7	1.7	1.7
Jewish	455	235	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,720	815	900	0.7	0.7	0.7
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	4,805	2,570	2,235	1.9	2.1	1.8
Greek	1,285	700	585	0.5	0.6	0.5
Jamaican	445	220	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	505	230	270	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	190	75	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	395	160	240	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	2,465	1,245	1,220	1.0	1.0	1.0
Lebanese	1,310	660	650	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iranian	745	380	360	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,575	855	715	0.6	0.7	0.6
Danish	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	910	355	550	0.4	0.3	0.4
Sikh	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	255	120	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	1,935	935	1,000	0.8	0.8	0.8
Haitian	8,780	4,185	4,595	3.5	3.4	3.6
Hindu	285	125	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	1,865	955	905	0.7	0.8	0.7
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	650	350	300	0.3	0.3	0.2
Finnish	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	100	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	250	90	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	250	90	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	420	190	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	120	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	825	435	395	0.3	0.4	0.3
Egyptian	935	510	425	0.4	0.4	0.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	1,630	760	870	0.7	0.6	0.7
Tamil	125	65	65	0.0	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	3,280	1,600	1,675	1.3	1.3	1.3
Moroccan	3,595	1,895	1,700	1.4	1.5	1.3
Czech	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	350	185	160	0.1	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	1,910	975	930	0.8	0.8	0.7
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	725	340	390	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbian	185	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	90	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	280	125	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	245	125	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	250	115	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	75	20	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	105	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	2,955	1,560	1,390	1.2	1.3	1.1
Brazilian	1,100	475	625	0.4	0.4	0.5
Nigerian	170	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	335	135	205	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slovak	105	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	190	100	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	125	65	55	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iraqi	115	65	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Salvadorean	675	340	330	0.3	0.3	0.3
African Caribbean	390	180	210	0.2	0.1	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	115	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	335	150	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	405	215	190	0.2	0.2	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	115	75	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	165	55	110	0.1	0.0	0.1
South African	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	1,350	630	715	0.5	0.5	0.6
Congolese	1,340	635	705	0.5	0.5	0.6
Nova Scotian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	350	160	195	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peruvian	1,440	685	760	0.6	0.6	0.6
Yoruba	165	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	585	270	320	0.2	0.2	0.3
Berber	2,225	1,200	1,025	0.9	1.0	0.8
Albanian	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	200	105	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	75	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	555	300	260	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albertan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	100	35	65	0.0	0.0	0.1
Barbadian	220	105	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	965	540	420	0.4	0.4	0.3
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	160	100	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	715	385	325	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	770	350	420	0.3	0.3	0.3
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	440	185	255	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	1,600	755	840	0.6	0.6	0.7
Guatemalan	400	210	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	490	250	235	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	70	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	170	105	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	215	120	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	110	65	50	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	170	60	110	0.1	0.0	0.1
Coptic	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	85	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	735	345	390	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nepali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	1,015	490	530	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	185	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	475	240	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moldovan	625	300	325	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	355	200	155	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Zealander	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	585	270	315	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	75	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	580	290	290	0.2	0.2	0.2
Huron (Wendat)	415	205	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	470	210	260	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	285	155	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	955	435	515	0.4	0.4	0.4
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	420	170	250	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	140	90	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mauritian	520	255	265	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	340	180	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	90	70	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Honduran	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	510	280	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	100	40	65	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pashtun	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	250	115	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	115	45	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bamileke	790	390	405	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	375	150	220	0.1	0.1	0.2
Libyan	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	125	65	60	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	115	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	235	115	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	95	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	415	200	210	0.2	0.2	0.2
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	300	150	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	115	25	90	0.0	0.0	0.1
Beninese	385	190	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	410	220	190	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kashmiri	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	250,430	123,195	127,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,710	750	965	0.7	0.6	0.8
Christian	151,155	70,985	80,170	60.4	57.6	63.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	16,035	7,925	8,115	6.4	6.4	6.4
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	1,040	470	570	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baptist	1,345	625	725	0.5	0.5	0.6
Catholic	118,865	55,565	63,300	47.5	45.1	49.8
Christian Orthodox	5,060	2,530	2,525	2.0	2.1	2.0
Jehovah's Witness	1,275	535	745	0.5	0.4	0.6
Latter Day Saints	595	255	340	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	125	70	55	0.0	0.1	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,620	705	915	0.6	0.6	0.7
Presbyterian	300	105	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Reformed	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	390	180	200	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	4,395	1,960	2,435	1.8	1.6	1.9
Hindu	1,180	590	590	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jewish	320	175	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	20,530	10,695	9,835	8.2	8.7	7.7
Sikh	135	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	940	455	485	0.4	0.4	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	74,445	39,460	34,985	29.7	32.0	27.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	247,845	121,925	125,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	218,125	107,220	110,905	88.0	87.9	88.1
Movers	29,725	14,710	15,015	12.0	12.1	11.9
Non-migrants	15,865	7,965	7,900	6.4	6.5	6.3
Migrants	13,860	6,745	7,115	5.6	5.5	5.7
Internal migrants	12,330	6,020	6,305	5.0	4.9	5.0
Intraprovincial migrants	11,580	5,665	5,920	4.7	4.6	4.7
Interprovincial migrants	745	360	390	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	1,535	725	810	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	236,765	116,220	120,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	133,085	64,955	68,130	56.2	55.9	56.5
Movers	103,680	51,265	52,415	43.8	44.1	43.5
Non-migrants	42,590	20,885	21,705	18.0	18.0	18.0
Migrants	61,090	30,385	30,710	25.8	26.1	25.5
Internal migrants	47,500	23,700	23,795	20.1	20.4	19.7
Intraprovincial migrants	45,655	22,785	22,870	19.3	19.6	19.0
Interprovincial migrants	1,845	915	930	0.8	0.8	0.8
External migrants	13,595	6,680	6,910	5.7	5.7	5.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	207,820	101,440	106,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	42,340	22,060	20,275	20.4	21.7	19.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	165,485	79,380	86,105	79.6	78.3	80.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	136,620	68,070	68,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,705	11,175	8,525	14.4	16.4	12.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	116,915	56,895	60,020	85.6	83.6	87.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	207,820	101,440	106,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	37,150	18,760	18,385	17.9	18.5	17.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	44,825	21,845	22,975	21.6	21.5	21.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	125,850	60,835	65,020	60.6	60.0	61.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	74,245	36,800	37,445	35.7	36.3	35.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	29,680	17,040	12,640	14.3	16.8	11.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	21,710	10,930	10,780	10.4	10.8	10.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	7,975	6,105	1,865	3.8	6.0	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	35,405	16,015	19,385	17.0	15.8	18.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,160	3,745	5,410	4.4	3.7	5.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	51,610	24,030	27,575	24.8	23.7	25.9
Bachelor's degree	32,000	14,485	17,515	15.4	14.3	16.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,570	2,500	3,070	2.7	2.5	2.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	885	410	480	0.4	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	11,490	5,660	5,835	5.5	5.6	5.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,660	980	680	0.8	1.0	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	136,620	68,075	68,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,015	8,975	7,045	11.7	13.2	10.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,295	12,195	11,100	17.1	17.9	16.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	97,305	46,900	50,400	71.2	68.9	73.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	54,135	27,065	27,075	39.6	39.8	39.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	22,620	12,750	9,870	16.6	18.7	14.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	16,635	8,200	8,435	12.2	12.0	12.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,990	4,555	1,440	4.4	6.7	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	24,770	11,445	13,330	18.1	16.8	19.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,750	2,875	3,875	4.9	4.2	5.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	43,165	19,835	23,330	31.6	29.1	34.0
Bachelor's degree	26,255	11,910	14,350	19.2	17.5	20.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,795	2,065	2,730	3.5	3.0	4.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	700	285	415	0.5	0.4	0.6
Master's degree	10,060	4,825	5,240	7.4	7.1	7.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,350	755	595	1.0	1.1	0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	207,825	101,440	106,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	81,965	40,605	41,360	39.4	40.0	38.9
Education	7,445	1,655	5,780	3.6	1.6	5.4
13. Education	7,445	1,655	5,780	3.6	1.6	5.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	5,720	2,825	2,900	2.8	2.8	2.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,025	730	295	0.5	0.7	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	4,700	2,095	2,605	2.3	2.1	2.4
Humanities	7,275	2,805	4,470	3.5	2.8	4.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	1,240	275	965	0.6	0.3	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	395	150	250	0.2	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,400	1,355	2,045	1.6	1.3	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	325	210	120	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	390	195	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	500	300	200	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	995	325	670	0.5	0.3	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	13,435	4,345	9,085	6.5	4.3	8.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	205	35	165	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,155	735	1,425	1.0	0.7	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,460	245	2,215	1.2	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	2,600	905	1,690	1.3	0.9	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	345	105	240	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,860	525	1,340	0.9	0.5	1.3
45. Social sciences	3,810	1,800	2,015	1.8	1.8	1.9
Business, management and public administration	30,475	11,710	18,765	14.7	11.5	17.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,375	365	1,010	0.7	0.4	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	29,075	11,340	17,730	14.0	11.2	16.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,610	2,435	2,175	2.2	2.4	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,530	565	965	0.7	0.6	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	770	435	335	0.4	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	450	215	235	0.2	0.2	0.2
40. Physical sciences	1,560	1,050	510	0.8	1.0	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	300	160	135	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	6,965	5,040	1,925	3.4	5.0	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	6,020	4,575	1,450	2.9	4.5	1.4
25. Library science	315	80	235	0.2	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	520	315	200	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	100	70	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	25,145	21,940	3,200	12.1	21.6	3.0
04. Architecture and related services	1,155	630	525	0.6	0.6	0.5
14. Engineering	7,060	5,705	1,360	3.4	5.6	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,825	4,090	735	2.3	4.0	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	5,185	4,920	270	2.5	4.9	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,100	3,945	150	2.0	3.9	0.1
48. Precision production	2,815	2,655	155	1.4	2.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,630	865	765	0.8	0.9	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,160	595	560	0.6	0.6	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	470	265	200	0.2	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	15,370	2,950	12,420	7.4	2.9	11.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	840	390	455	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	14,210	2,420	11,790	6.8	2.4	11.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	295	140	160	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	7,770	4,260	3,515	3.7	4.2	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	4,455	1,470	2,985	2.1	1.4	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,375	1,005	365	0.7	1.0	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,910	1,755	155	0.9	1.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	136,620	68,070	68,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	39,315	21,170	18,145	28.8	31.1	26.5
Education	5,020	1,065	3,960	3.7	1.6	5.8
13. Education	5,020	1,065	3,960	3.7	1.6	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,480	2,200	2,280	3.3	3.2	3.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	790	540	245	0.6	0.8	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	3,695	1,660	2,035	2.7	2.4	3.0
Humanities	4,780	1,905	2,870	3.5	2.8	4.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	935	225	710	0.7	0.3	1.0
23. English language and literature/letters	305	100	205	0.2	0.1	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,025	845	1,180	1.5	1.2	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	185	130	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	225	135	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	370	240	135	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	710	225	480	0.5	0.3	0.7
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10,740	3,380	7,360	7.9	5.0	10.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	160	20	140	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,785	590	1,195	1.3	0.9	1.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,085	200	1,885	1.5	0.3	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	2,075	690	1,385	1.5	1.0	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	240	75	165	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,390	375	1,010	1.0	0.6	1.5
45. Social sciences	3,000	1,425	1,580	2.2	2.1	2.3
Business, management and public administration	24,345	9,190	15,155	17.8	13.5	22.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,080	270	810	0.8	0.4	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	23,245	8,920	14,325	17.0	13.1	20.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,215	1,695	1,520	2.4	2.5	2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,265	470	790	0.9	0.7	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	375	210	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	150	110	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,180	775	405	0.9	1.1	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	250	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,945	4,335	1,610	4.4	6.4	2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	5,300	4,020	1,280	3.9	5.9	1.9
25. Library science	210	55	150	0.2	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	355	210	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	80	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	19,690	16,860	2,830	14.4	24.8	4.1
04. Architecture and related services	940	515	425	0.7	0.8	0.6
14. Engineering	6,295	5,000	1,290	4.6	7.3	1.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,575	2,940	630	2.6	4.3	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,850	3,625	220	2.8	5.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,055	2,935	120	2.2	4.3	0.2
48. Precision production	1,980	1,840	140	1.4	2.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,420	725	695	1.0	1.1	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	990	490	505	0.7	0.7	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	430	235	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Health and related fields	11,595	2,235	9,360	8.5	3.3	13.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	705	300	400	0.5	0.4	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10,630	1,830	8,805	7.8	2.7	12.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	235	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,060	3,315	2,745	4.4	4.9	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,390	1,080	2,310	2.5	1.6	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,095	795	305	0.8	1.2	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,555	1,425	130	1.1	2.1	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	136,620	68,070	68,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,315	21,170	18,145	28.8	31.1	26.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	97,310	46,905	50,405	71.2	68.9	73.5
Location of study inside Canada	79,390	38,025	41,360	58.1	55.9	60.3
Same as province or territory of residence	77,610	37,125	40,485	56.8	54.5	59.1
Different than province or territory of residence	1,775	900	870	1.3	1.3	1.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	17,920	8,875	9,045	13.1	13.0	13.2
Americas	4,635	2,210	2,420	3.4	3.2	3.5
United States of America	530	270	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mexico	440	175	265	0.3	0.3	0.4
Cuba	240	145	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Haiti	565	305	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	560	270	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Colombia	1,205	545	665	0.9	0.8	1.0
Peru	330	155	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	295	140	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Americas	465	215	250	0.3	0.3	0.4
Europe	5,410	2,870	2,535	4.0	4.2	3.7
Belgium	195	90	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
France	2,640	1,425	1,215	1.9	2.1	1.8
Germany	65	60	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	315	165	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Poland	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	735	405	335	0.5	0.6	0.5
Russian Federation	340	170	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	255	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	215	130	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	440	215	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Africa	5,310	2,670	2,640	3.9	3.9	3.9
Nigeria	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algeria	1,475	720	755	1.1	1.1	1.1
Morocco	1,070	545	525	0.8	0.8	0.8
Tunisia	355	180	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egypt	190	105	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	2,135	1,095	1,035	1.6	1.6	1.5
Asia	2,510	1,090	1,420	1.8	1.6	2.1
Iran⁸⁸	290	125	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	755	355	395	0.6	0.5	0.6
Taiwan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	45	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	155	45	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Viet Nam	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	395	185	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistan	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	385	160	230	0.3	0.2	0.3
Oceania	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	207,820	101,440	106,380	...	...	...
In the labour force	135,540	69,795	65,750	...	...	...
Employed	125,030	64,455	60,575	...	...	...
Unemployed	10,510	5,340	5,175	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	72,280	31,645	40,635	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.2	68.8	61.8	65.2	68.8	61.8
Employment rate	60.2	63.5	56.9	60.2	63.5	56.9
Unemployment rate	7.8	7.7	7.9	7.8	7.7	7.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	207,825	101,440	106,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	72,585	31,515	41,070	34.9	31.1	38.6
Worked	135,240	69,925	65,310	65.1	68.9	61.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	71,450	38,590	32,855	34.4	38.0	30.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	63,790	31,335	32,455	30.7	30.9	30.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	41.7	40.6	41.2	41.7	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	135,545	69,795	65,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,225	1,445	1,780	2.4	2.1	2.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	132,315	68,345	63,965	97.6	97.9	97.3
Employee	119,350	60,485	58,870	88.1	86.7	89.5
Permanent position	101,580	52,195	49,385	74.9	74.8	75.1
Temporary position	17,765	8,280	9,485	13.1	11.9	14.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	6,755	2,930	3,825	5.0	4.2	5.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	11,005	5,350	5,660	8.1	7.7	8.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	12,965	7,870	5,095	9.6	11.3	7.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	135,545	69,795	65,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,225	1,445	1,780	2.4	2.1	2.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	132,315	68,345	63,965	97.6	97.9	97.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,795	1,170	625	1.3	1.7	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	27,075	9,610	17,470	20.0	13.8	26.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	13,115	10,095	3,015	9.7	14.5	4.6
3 Health occupations	10,935	2,050	8,885	8.1	2.9	13.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	15,385	4,385	11,000	11.4	6.3	16.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	4,785	2,505	2,275	3.5	3.6	3.5
6 Sales and service occupations	33,460	16,210	17,255	24.7	23.2	26.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	19,830	17,955	1,875	14.6	25.7	2.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	845	670	180	0.6	1.0	0.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	5,080	3,700	1,375	3.7	5.3	2.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	135,545	69,795	65,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,225	1,445	1,780	2.4	2.1	2.7
All industries¹⁹¹	132,315	68,345	63,965	97.6	97.9	97.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	330	225	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	210	140	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
22 Utilities	1,280	855	425	0.9	1.2	0.6
23 Construction	7,750	6,615	1,140	5.7	9.5	1.7
31-33 Manufacturing	11,635	8,190	3,445	8.6	11.7	5.2
41 Wholesale trade	4,605	3,045	1,560	3.4	4.4	2.4
44-45 Retail trade	16,750	8,325	8,430	12.4	11.9	12.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	7,215	5,815	1,395	5.3	8.3	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	4,525	2,730	1,790	3.3	3.9	2.7
52 Finance and insurance	6,930	3,045	3,890	5.1	4.4	5.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,955	1,020	935	1.4	1.5	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	12,045	6,765	5,280	8.9	9.7	8.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	6,510	3,810	2,700	4.8	5.5	4.1
61 Educational services	9,405	2,935	6,475	6.9	4.2	9.8
62 Health care and social assistance	19,315	4,010	15,305	14.2	5.7	23.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,155	1,165	990	1.6	1.7	1.5
72 Accommodation and food services	6,745	3,395	3,350	5.0	4.9	5.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	5,205	2,410	2,790	3.8	3.5	4.2
91 Public administration	7,505	3,725	3,775	5.5	5.3	5.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	143,715	74,185	69,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	6,845	3,905	2,940	4.8	5.3	4.2
French	88,475	44,390	44,085	61.6	59.8	63.4
Non-official language	440	190	245	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	440	190	245	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and French	45,165	24,305	20,855	31.4	32.8	30.0
English and non-official language(s)	385	215	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	705	300	405	0.5	0.4	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,680	870	810	1.2	1.2	1.2
Multiple non-official languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	143,715	74,185	69,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	134,875	69,450	65,425	93.8	93.6	94.1
Official languages	134,120	69,090	65,025	93.3	93.1	93.5
English	14,900	8,455	6,440	10.4	11.4	9.3
French	119,220	60,635	58,585	83.0	81.7	84.3
Non-official languages	755	360	395	0.5	0.5	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	755	360	395	0.5	0.5	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	420	195	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	300	135	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	255	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	230	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	230	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	8,845	4,735	4,110	6.2	6.4	5.9
English and French	8,305	4,485	3,820	5.8	6.0	5.5
English and non-official language(s)	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	240	85	150	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	160	95	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	143,715	74,185	69,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	104,070	52,955	51,110	72.4	71.4	73.5
English	29,750	15,810	13,940	20.7	21.3	20.0
French	7,815	4,360	3,455	5.4	5.9	5.0
Non-official language	985	480	505	0.7	0.6	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	985	480	505	0.7	0.6	0.7
English and French	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	755	340	415	0.5	0.5	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	225	170	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	125,030	64,455	60,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	30,435	14,800	15,635	24.3	23.0	25.8
Worked outside Canada	195	125	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	13,010	9,615	3,400	10.4	14.9	5.6
Usual place of work	81,390	39,920	41,470	65.1	61.9	68.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	81,390	39,920	41,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	33,810	14,305	19,505	41.5	35.8	47.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	16,195	8,270	7,925	19.9	20.7	19.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	31,295	17,270	14,020	38.5	43.3	33.8
Commute to a different province or territory	90	65	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	94,400	49,530	44,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	72,765	40,140	32,625	77.1	81.0	72.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	68,115	38,450	29,665	72.2	77.6	66.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	4,655	1,695	2,965	4.9	3.4	6.6
Public transit	14,695	6,000	8,690	15.6	12.1	19.4
Walked	4,320	1,780	2,540	4.6	3.6	5.7
Bicycle	1,305	945	360	1.4	1.9	0.8
Other method	1,315	665	650	1.4	1.3	1.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	94,400	49,530	44,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	21,755	9,645	12,110	23.0	19.5	27.0
15 to 29 minutes	37,075	19,395	17,680	39.3	39.2	39.4
30 to 44 minutes	20,810	12,450	8,360	22.0	25.1	18.6
45 to 59 minutes	8,325	4,680	3,645	8.8	9.4	8.1
60 minutes and over	6,430	3,360	3,070	6.8	6.8	6.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	94,400	49,530	44,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	7,160	5,570	1,595	7.6	11.2	3.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	16,430	10,075	6,355	17.4	20.3	14.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	25,330	11,735	13,595	26.8	23.7	30.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	17,690	7,300	10,390	18.7	14.7	23.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	11,025	5,025	6,000	11.7	10.1	13.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	16,765	9,825	6,940	17.8	19.8	15.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	50,995	26,020	24,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,885	3,935	3,950	15.5	15.1	15.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	43,110	22,080	21,030	84.5	84.9	84.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	36,290	18,545	17,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,880	2,955	2,930	16.2	15.9	16.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	4,635	2,345	2,290	12.8	12.6	12.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,245	605	640	3.4	3.3	3.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	30,405	15,595	14,815	83.8	84.1	83.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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