Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Longueuil, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	436,785	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	415,347	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.2	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	193,701	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	187,260	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,546.7	...	...	1,546.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	282.39	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	436,785	212,325	224,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	72,375	37,090	35,285	16.6	17.5	15.7
0 to 4 years	21,985	11,250	10,735	5.0	5.3	4.8
5 to 9 years	25,130	12,935	12,195	5.8	6.1	5.4
10 to 14 years	25,265	12,910	12,350	5.8	6.1	5.5
15 to 64 years	273,650	135,370	138,275	62.7	63.8	61.6
15 to 19 years	22,640	11,530	11,110	5.2	5.4	4.9
20 to 24 years	22,845	11,550	11,300	5.2	5.4	5.0
25 to 29 years	25,165	12,780	12,385	5.8	6.0	5.5
30 to 34 years	26,760	13,235	13,525	6.1	6.2	6.0
35 to 39 years	29,625	14,400	15,220	6.8	6.8	6.8
40 to 44 years	31,160	15,510	15,650	7.1	7.3	7.0
45 to 49 years	28,415	14,095	14,325	6.5	6.6	6.4
50 to 54 years	27,020	13,380	13,645	6.2	6.3	6.1
55 to 59 years	30,335	14,845	15,485	6.9	7.0	6.9
60 to 64 years	29,680	14,045	15,635	6.8	6.6	7.0
65 years and over	90,760	39,870	50,895	20.8	18.8	22.7
65 to 69 years	26,595	12,420	14,170	6.1	5.8	6.3
70 to 74 years	23,740	10,580	13,165	5.4	5.0	5.9
75 to 79 years	18,540	8,355	10,190	4.2	3.9	4.5
80 to 84 years	11,425	4,820	6,605	2.6	2.3	2.9
85 years and over	10,465	3,690	6,770	2.4	1.7	3.0
85 to 89 years	6,550	2,500	4,050	1.5	1.2	1.8
90 to 94 years	3,100	970	2,130	0.7	0.5	0.9
95 to 99 years	725	210	515	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	90	15	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.6	17.5	15.7	16.6	17.5	15.7
15 to 64 years	62.7	63.8	61.6	62.7	63.8	61.6
65 years and over	20.8	18.8	22.7	20.8	18.8	22.7
85 years and over	2.4	1.7	3.0	2.4	1.7	3.0
Average age of the population	42.7	41.5	43.9	42.7	41.5	43.9
Median age of the population	43.2	41.6	44.4	43.2	41.6	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	187,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	70,640	...	...	37.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	11,925	...	...	6.4	...	...
Row house	7,155	...	...	3.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	7,350	...	...	3.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	78,030	...	...	41.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10,970	...	...	5.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	620	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	565	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	187,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	62,090	...	...	33.2	...	...
2 persons	62,985	...	...	33.6	...	...
3 persons	26,225	...	...	14.0	...	...
4 persons	23,710	...	...	12.7	...	...
5 or more persons	12,250	...	...	6.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	428,170	209,555	218,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	364,410	175,235	189,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	203,770	102,005	101,765	55.9	58.2	53.8
Married	132,350	66,185	66,165	36.3	37.8	35.0
Living common-law	71,420	35,820	35,600	19.6	20.4	18.8
Living common law - Never married	57,100	28,520	28,575	15.7	16.3	15.1
Living common law - Separated	825	425	400	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	12,205	6,280	5,930	3.3	3.6	3.1
Living common law - Widowed	1,285	590	695	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	160,640	73,235	87,405	44.1	41.8	46.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	108,340	57,065	51,275	29.7	32.6	27.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5,880	2,505	3,380	1.6	1.4	1.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	27,220	9,220	18,005	7.5	5.3	9.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	19,200	4,455	14,745	5.3	2.5	7.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	120,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	62,680	...	...	51.8	...	...
3 persons	25,420	...	...	21.0	...	...
4 persons	23,035	...	...	19.0	...	...
5 or more persons	9,820	...	...	8.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	120,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	99,745	...	...	82.5	...	...
Married couples	64,060	...	...	53.0	...	...
With children⁶	33,140	...	...	27.4	...	...
Without children	30,920	...	...	25.6	...	...
Common-law couples	35,685	...	...	29.5	...	...
With children⁶	16,970	...	...	14.0	...	...
Without children	18,710	...	...	15.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	21,215	...	...	17.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	16,095	...	...	13.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5,115	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	428,170	209,555	218,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	345,910	171,115	174,790	80.8	81.7	80.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	199,490	99,915	99,575	46.6	47.7	45.5
Parents in one-parent families	21,210	5,115	16,095	5.0	2.4	7.4
Children⁶	125,210	66,090	59,120	29.2	31.5	27.0
In a two-parent family	93,260	48,915	44,350	21.8	23.3	20.3
In a one-parent family	31,950	17,175	14,775	7.5	8.2	6.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	82,260	38,440	43,820	19.2	18.3	20.0
Living alone	62,090	27,935	34,155	14.5	13.3	15.6
Living with other relatives⁷	9,120	3,830	5,290	2.1	1.8	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	11,050	6,675	4,375	2.6	3.2	2.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	187,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	111,485	...	...	59.5	...	...
Couple-family households	93,340	...	...	49.8	...	...
With children⁶	46,785	...	...	25.0	...	...
Without children	46,555	...	...	24.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	18,145	...	...	9.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	3,245	...	...	1.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	560	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	3,680	...	...	2.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	6,200	...	...	3.3	...	...
One-person households	62,095	...	...	33.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	355,845	172,500	183,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	345,335	167,430	177,905	97.0	97.1	97.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	47,200	39,200	42,800	47,200	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	345,480	167,500	177,985	97.1	97.1	97.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	40,800	34,800	37,600	40,800	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	313,015	154,565	158,445	88.0	89.6	86.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	42,000	30,000	36,000	42,000	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	250,700	128,810	121,890	70.5	74.7	66.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,400	33,600	38,000	42,400	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	280,530	127,415	153,120	78.8	73.9	83.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,500	10,100	12,300	11,500	10,100	12,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	36,275	17,910	18,360	10.2	10.4	10.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,760	5,520	5,480	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	98,095	50,835	47,260	27.6	29.5	25.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000	8,000	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	355,845	172,500	183,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	345,230	167,465	177,765	97.0	97.1	97.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,900	64,100	48,120	55,900	64,100	48,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	345,335	167,505	177,830	97.0	97.1	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,680	49,800	39,880	44,680	49,800	39,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	313,080	154,665	158,420	88.0	89.7	86.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,640	60,200	41,360	50,640	60,200	41,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	250,700	128,960	121,740	70.5	74.8	66.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,250	58,600	43,520	51,250	58,600	43,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	280,660	127,575	153,085	78.9	74.0	83.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,240	11,200	13,100	12,240	11,200	13,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	36,235	17,735	18,500	10.2	10.3	10.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,150	5,985	8,260	7,150	5,985	8,260
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	97,390	50,465	46,930	27.4	29.3	25.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,550	8,430	8,680	8,550	8,430	8,680
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	355,845	172,500	183,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	120,045	64,465	55,580	33.7	37.4	30.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,000	69,000	58,800	64,000	69,000	58,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,400	88,800	68,500	79,400	88,800	68,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	101,450	49,025	52,430	28.5	28.4	28.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	20,000	16,400	18,000	20,000	16,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,760	32,480	25,240	28,760	32,480	25,240
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.2	86.6	76.6	82.2	86.6	76.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.6	70.4	61.9	66.6	70.4	61.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.8	13.3	23.4	17.8	13.3	23.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.8	1.3	1.0	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	4.4	5.7	5.0	4.4	5.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	4.0	4.8	4.3	4.0	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	355,840	172,505	183,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	10,510	5,075	5,430	3.0	2.9	3.0
With total income	345,335	167,425	177,910	97.0	97.1	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	24,800	11,110	13,695	7.2	6.6	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	39,040	16,155	22,885	11.3	9.6	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	53,215	22,630	30,590	15.4	13.5	17.2
$30,000 to $39,999	43,410	19,735	23,680	12.6	11.8	13.3
$40,000 to $49,999	41,255	19,425	21,835	11.9	11.6	12.3
$50,000 to $59,999	34,300	16,425	17,875	9.9	9.8	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	25,520	12,910	12,610	7.4	7.7	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	19,305	10,295	9,010	5.6	6.1	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	15,855	8,510	7,350	4.6	5.1	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	11,290	6,240	5,045	3.3	3.7	2.8
$100,000 and over	37,335	24,005	13,335	10.8	14.3	7.5
$100,000 to $149,999	24,600	15,140	9,460	7.1	9.0	5.3
$150,000 and over	12,735	8,865	3,870	3.7	5.3	2.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	355,840	172,505	183,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	10,365	5,005	5,360	2.9	2.9	2.9
With after-tax income	345,480	167,500	177,980	97.1	97.1	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	26,855	11,665	15,190	7.8	7.0	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	41,305	17,210	24,095	12.0	10.3	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	62,590	27,320	35,265	18.1	16.3	19.8
$30,000 to $39,999	54,250	25,520	28,730	15.7	15.2	16.1
$40,000 to $49,999	49,235	23,955	25,280	14.3	14.3	14.2
$50,000 to $59,999	35,135	17,845	17,290	10.2	10.7	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	24,975	13,015	11,965	7.2	7.8	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	16,675	9,025	7,650	4.8	5.4	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	10,660	6,310	4,350	3.1	3.8	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	6,890	4,210	2,680	2.0	2.5	1.5
$100,000 and over	16,905	11,425	5,480	4.9	6.8	3.1
$100,000 to $124,999	8,390	5,410	2,975	2.4	3.2	1.7
$125,000 and over	8,515	6,015	2,500	2.5	3.6	1.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	355,840	172,505	183,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	105,140	43,695	61,445	29.5	25.3	33.5
With employment income	250,700	128,810	121,890	70.5	74.7	66.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	35,010	17,770	17,240	14.0	13.8	14.1
$5,000 to $9,999	20,805	9,410	11,395	8.3	7.3	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	28,825	13,010	15,815	11.5	10.1	13.0
$20,000 to $29,999	22,930	10,635	12,290	9.1	8.3	10.1
$30,000 to $39,999	22,160	10,765	11,395	8.8	8.4	9.3
$40,000 to $49,999	22,865	11,185	11,685	9.1	8.7	9.6
$50,000 to $59,999	19,940	10,190	9,745	8.0	7.9	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	15,905	8,455	7,455	6.3	6.6	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	13,130	7,190	5,940	5.2	5.6	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	11,765	6,240	5,525	4.7	4.8	4.5
$90,000 to $99,999	8,170	4,775	3,395	3.3	3.7	2.8
$100,000 and over	29,185	19,175	10,005	11.6	14.9	8.2
$100,000 to $124,999	12,920	8,050	4,875	5.2	6.2	4.0
$125,000 and over	16,265	11,130	5,130	6.5	8.6	4.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	355,845	172,500	183,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	338,330	163,785	174,545	95.1	94.9	95.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	45,600	36,000	40,400	45,600	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	338,480	163,810	174,670	95.1	95.0	95.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,200	32,400	35,600	39,200	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	308,060	152,275	155,795	86.6	88.3	85.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,800	31,200	36,800	42,800	31,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	249,360	127,975	121,390	70.1	74.2	66.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	42,800	34,400	38,400	42,800	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	254,990	113,320	141,675	71.7	65.7	77.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,250	4,400	8,900	7,250	4,400	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	28,775	14,465	14,315	8.1	8.4	7.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,920	4,360	5,800	4,920	4,360	5,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	355,845	172,500	183,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	338,340	163,755	174,590	95.1	94.9	95.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,050	61,600	45,000	53,050	61,600	45,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	338,535	163,785	174,745	95.1	94.9	95.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,320	47,680	37,280	42,320	47,680	37,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	308,145	152,205	155,935	86.6	88.2	85.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,680	60,400	41,160	50,680	60,400	41,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	249,310	128,015	121,295	70.1	74.2	66.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,250	58,850	43,200	51,250	58,850	43,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	255,200	113,260	141,940	71.7	65.7	77.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,140	7,910	10,120	9,140	7,910	10,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,050	14,450	14,600	8.2	8.4	8.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,260	5,600	8,910	7,260	5,600	8,910
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	355,845	172,500	183,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	119,235	64,010	55,225	33.5	37.1	30.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	66,000	54,000	59,600	66,000	54,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,100	83,900	62,800	74,100	83,900	62,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	94,535	45,675	48,865	26.6	26.5	26.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	26,200	21,400	23,400	26,200	21,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,560	39,040	30,360	34,560	39,040	30,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.0	91.2	81.8	87.0	91.2	81.8
Employment income (%)	71.2	74.6	66.8	71.2	74.6	66.8
Government transfers (%)	13.0	8.9	18.3	13.0	8.9	18.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.8	1.7	1.2	0.8	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	187,260	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	62,095	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	43,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	125,165	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	187,260	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,400	...	...	82,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	62,070	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,800	...	...	51,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,640	...	...	42,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	125,195	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,400	...	...	128,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,100	...	...	102,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	187,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,485	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	995	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	2,030	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	3,470	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	8,600	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	6,235	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	6,405	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	7,140	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	7,930	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	7,915	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15,165	...	...	8.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	13,915	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	12,860	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	11,870	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10,635	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	70,610	...	...	37.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	21,320	...	...	11.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15,230	...	...	8.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	17,390	...	...	9.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	16,665	...	...	8.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	187,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,755	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,075	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	2,120	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	3,655	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	9,365	...	...	5.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	7,725	...	...	4.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	8,020	...	...	4.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	9,475	...	...	5.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	9,880	...	...	5.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	9,500	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	17,575	...	...	9.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	16,120	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	14,665	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	12,925	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	11,270	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	52,140	...	...	27.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20,635	...	...	11.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	12,660	...	...	6.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	18,840	...	...	10.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	121,000	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	46,930	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	50,305	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	20,330	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	73,140	34,610	38,525	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200	43,600	39,200	41,200	43,600	39,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	38,000	35,200	36,400	38,000	35,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	121,070	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	129,400	...	...	129,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,700	...	...	102,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	46,980	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	113,700	...	...	113,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,300	...	...	90,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	50,375	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	163,200	...	...	163,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20,325	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,700	...	...	86,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,800	...	...	70,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	73,020	34,640	38,380	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,680	52,600	47,080	49,680	52,600	47,080
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,120	42,720	39,640	41,120	42,720	39,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	428,170	209,560	218,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	86,110	44,090	42,025	20.1	21.0	19.2
0 to 5 years	26,830	13,750	13,080	6.3	6.6	6.0
18 to 64 years	258,660	127,775	130,885	60.4	61.0	59.9
65 years and over	83,395	37,690	45,705	19.5	18.0	20.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	44,515	20,245	24,270	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	8,800	4,500	4,305	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	2,875	1,455	1,415	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	22,970	11,305	11,665	...	...	...
65 years and over	12,745	4,450	8,300	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.4	9.7	11.1	10.4	9.7	11.1
0 to 17 years (%)	10.2	10.2	10.3	10.2	10.2	10.3
0 to 5 years (%)	10.7	10.6	10.8	10.7	10.6	10.8
18 to 64 years (%)	8.9	8.8	8.9	8.9	8.8	8.9
65 years and over (%)	15.3	11.8	18.2	15.3	11.8	18.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	428,170	209,555	218,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	86,110	44,085	42,020	20.1	21.0	19.2
0 to 5 years	26,830	13,745	13,085	6.3	6.6	6.0
18 to 64 years	258,660	127,780	130,880	60.4	61.0	59.9
65 years and over	83,395	37,695	45,705	19.5	18.0	20.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	25,180	12,300	12,880	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	4,780	2,425	2,355	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,530	775	760	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	15,870	8,250	7,625	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,520	1,620	2,905	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.9	5.9	5.9	5.9	5.9	5.9
0 to 17 years (%)	5.6	5.5	5.6	5.6	5.5	5.6
0 to 5 years (%)	5.7	5.6	5.8	5.7	5.6	5.8
18 to 64 years (%)	6.1	6.5	5.8	6.1	6.5	5.8
65 years and over (%)	5.4	4.3	6.4	5.4	4.3	6.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	428,170	209,560	218,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	220,180	104,645	115,535	51.4	49.9	52.8
In bottom decile	38,365	17,900	20,465	9.0	8.5	9.4
In second decile	40,670	18,770	21,900	9.5	9.0	10.0
In third decile	46,995	22,290	24,715	11.0	10.6	11.3
In fourth decile	47,555	22,910	24,645	11.1	10.9	11.3
In fifth decile	46,590	22,780	23,815	10.9	10.9	10.9
In top half of the distribution	207,985	104,910	103,080	48.6	50.1	47.2
In sixth decile	45,405	22,605	22,795	10.6	10.8	10.4
In seventh decile	44,605	22,380	22,220	10.4	10.7	10.2
In eighth decile	41,325	20,880	20,450	9.7	10.0	9.4
In ninth decile	38,750	19,645	19,105	9.1	9.4	8.7
In top decile	37,910	19,405	18,500	8.9	9.3	8.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	428,170	...	...	428,170	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.349	...	...	0.349	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.465	...	...	0.465	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.294	...	...	0.294	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	431,330	210,355	220,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	22,395	11,440	10,960	5.2	5.4	5.0
French only	154,460	68,650	85,805	35.8	32.6	38.8
English and French	247,125	127,175	119,950	57.3	60.5	54.3
Neither English nor French	7,345	3,090	4,255	1.7	1.5	1.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	431,330	210,355	220,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	56,355	28,305	28,045	13.1	13.5	12.7
French	337,965	163,745	174,220	78.4	77.8	78.8
English and French	29,885	15,335	14,555	6.9	7.3	6.6
Neither English nor French	7,125	2,975	4,155	1.7	1.4	1.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	431,330	210,355	220,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	410,580	199,925	210,650	95.2	95.0	95.3
Official languages	320,105	156,155	163,950	74.2	74.2	74.2
English	30,620	15,450	15,170	7.1	7.3	6.9
French	289,480	140,700	148,785	67.1	66.9	67.3
Non-official languages	90,475	43,770	46,705	21.0	20.8	21.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	90,440	43,760	46,685	21.0	20.8	21.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	14,925	7,800	7,120	3.5	3.7	3.2
Berber languages	1,565	800	765	0.4	0.4	0.3
Kabyle	1,395	715	680	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamazight	155	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	13,240	6,935	6,300	3.1	3.3	2.9
Amharic	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	13,160	6,890	6,270	3.1	3.3	2.8
Aramaic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,240	1,510	1,730	0.8	0.7	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	480	210	270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	2,760	1,295	1,460	0.6	0.6	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,170	440	730	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	50	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	70	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	270	125	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	190	85	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	655	230	425	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	4,280	1,960	2,320	1.0	0.9	1.0
Haitian Creole	2,670	1,175	1,485	0.6	0.6	0.7
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	960	470	490	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sango	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	580	285	300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	680	335	345	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	305	145	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	205	110	100	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	45,525	21,970	23,555	10.6	10.4	10.7
Albanian	175	95	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	310	150	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	5,780	2,665	3,120	1.3	1.3	1.4
Baltic languages	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	5,725	2,640	3,085	1.3	1.3	1.4
Belarusian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	865	440	420	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	100	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	745	305	440	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	3,080	1,410	1,670	0.7	0.7	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	325	160	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	120	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	165	85	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	110	40	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	400	190	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	950	450	500	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	675	315	360	0.2	0.1	0.2
German	640	300	340	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	205	100	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	175	90	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	1,605	845	760	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	8,845	4,445	4,405	2.1	2.1	2.0
Indo-Aryan languages	2,960	1,495	1,465	0.7	0.7	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	660	340	325	0.2	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	245	120	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	480	245	240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	560	300	265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	820	405	415	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5,885	2,950	2,940	1.4	1.4	1.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5,710	2,855	2,860	1.3	1.4	1.3
Dari	3,395	1,695	1,700	0.8	0.8	0.8
Iranian Persian	1,920	965	955	0.4	0.5	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	395	195	205	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	27,835	13,315	14,525	6.5	6.3	6.6
Catalan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,135	1,115	1,020	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portuguese	3,475	1,675	1,805	0.8	0.8	0.8
Romanian	3,855	1,855	2,005	0.9	0.9	0.9
Spanish	18,350	8,660	9,690	4.3	4.1	4.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	150	45	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	640	265	380	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	2,670	1,330	1,340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	145	75	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	245	115	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	195	100	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	205	85	125	0.0	0.0	0.1
Luba-Kasai	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	425	205	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	210	90	120	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	520	290	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	435	230	205	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15,685	7,400	8,290	3.6	3.5	3.8
Chinese languages	15,630	7,375	8,260	3.6	3.5	3.7
Hakka	125	55	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	8,895	4,155	4,740	2.1	2.0	2.1
Min Dong	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	350	165	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	150	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5,890	2,810	3,075	1.4	1.3	1.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	200	105	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	480	205	275	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	415	185	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	70	15	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	495	255	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	390	210	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	305	145	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	285	140	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	20,750	10,425	10,320	4.8	5.0	4.7
English and French	8,130	4,125	4,005	1.9	2.0	1.8
English and non-official language(s)	2,725	1,360	1,365	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	7,010	3,505	3,505	1.6	1.7	1.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,185	1,105	1,080	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	700	330	370	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	431,330	210,355	220,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	28,060	14,120	13,940	6.5	6.7	6.3
French	273,050	132,265	140,780	63.3	62.9	63.7
Non-official language	31,275	15,060	16,210	7.3	7.2	7.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	31,270	15,060	16,210	7.2	7.2	7.3
English and French	32,040	16,450	15,585	7.4	7.8	7.1
English and non-official language(s)	11,985	5,920	6,070	2.8	2.8	2.7
French and non-official language(s)	30,280	14,490	15,790	7.0	6.9	7.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	22,805	11,205	11,600	5.3	5.3	5.2
Multiple non-official languages	1,845	845	995	0.4	0.4	0.5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	431,330	210,355	220,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	405,410	197,745	207,665	94.0	94.0	94.0
Official languages	349,970	170,875	179,095	81.1	81.2	81.0
English	42,245	21,180	21,065	9.8	10.1	9.5
French	307,720	149,695	158,030	71.3	71.2	71.5
Non-official languages	55,445	26,875	28,570	12.9	12.8	12.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	55,440	26,870	28,570	12.9	12.8	12.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,975	3,530	3,445	1.6	1.7	1.6
Berber languages	595	295	305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	540	265	275	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	6,325	3,210	3,115	1.5	1.5	1.4
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	6,300	3,200	3,100	1.5	1.5	1.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,945	935	1,015	0.5	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	200	85	115	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	1,750	850	900	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	435	205	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	275	125	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	1,885	815	1,070	0.4	0.4	0.5
Haitian Creole	1,060	435	625	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	535	245	290	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	250	110	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	415	210	210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	220	105	115	0.1	0.0	0.1
Telugu	120	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	28,750	13,965	14,785	6.7	6.6	6.7
Albanian	115	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	135	65	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,750	1,825	1,925	0.9	0.9	0.9
Baltic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,740	1,820	1,915	0.9	0.9	0.9
Belarusian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	605	300	310	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	280	115	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	2,415	1,180	1,230	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	240	130	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	730	345	385	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	6,310	3,120	3,185	1.5	1.5	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	1,795	880	915	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	405	205	205	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	130	50	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	270	130	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	360	185	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	535	265	270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	4,510	2,235	2,275	1.0	1.1	1.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	4,405	2,185	2,225	1.0	1.0	1.0
Dari	2,480	1,220	1,255	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iranian Persian	1,625	810	820	0.4	0.4	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	295	145	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	17,610	8,500	9,110	4.1	4.0	4.1
Catalan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	380	165	210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	2,040	1,000	1,040	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	2,545	1,260	1,285	0.6	0.6	0.6
Spanish	12,635	6,065	6,570	2.9	2.9	3.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	490	215	270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	795	385	410	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	185	95	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	220	125	100	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	140	80	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	12,865	6,180	6,685	3.0	2.9	3.0
Chinese languages	12,830	6,165	6,665	3.0	2.9	3.0
Hakka	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	7,705	3,725	3,980	1.8	1.8	1.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	205	95	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	125	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	4,610	2,190	2,420	1.1	1.0	1.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	145	80	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	230	110	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	225	105	115	0.1	0.0	0.1
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	320	160	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	265	135	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	25,920	12,610	13,310	6.0	6.0	6.0
English and French	9,435	4,695	4,745	2.2	2.2	2.1
English and non-official language(s)	3,665	1,800	1,870	0.8	0.9	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	9,390	4,495	4,890	2.2	2.1	2.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,175	1,500	1,675	0.7	0.7	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	255	125	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	431,330	210,360	220,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	352,155	171,110	181,045	81.6	81.3	81.9
English	23,855	12,225	11,630	5.5	5.8	5.3
French	18,530	9,070	9,465	4.3	4.3	4.3
Non-official language	19,510	9,310	10,195	4.5	4.4	4.6
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	19,500	9,310	10,190	4.5	4.4	4.6
English and French	5,785	2,965	2,825	1.3	1.4	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	6,060	3,005	3,055	1.4	1.4	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	3,455	1,675	1,785	0.8	0.8	0.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	665	325	335	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	1,310	675	635	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	428,170	209,560	218,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	420,820	206,380	214,430	98.3	98.5	98.1
English	267,975	137,970	130,000	62.6	65.8	59.5
French	398,660	195,030	203,635	93.1	93.1	93.1
Non-official languages	135,810	65,595	70,215	31.7	31.3	32.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	135,770	65,580	70,195	31.7	31.3	32.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	24,025	12,505	11,525	5.6	6.0	5.3
Berber languages	2,710	1,365	1,345	0.6	0.7	0.6
Kabyle	2,345	1,185	1,160	0.5	0.6	0.5
Tamazight	335	165	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages, n.i.e.	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	230	110	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hausa	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	135	55	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	22,585	11,795	10,795	5.3	5.6	4.9
Amharic	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	22,090	11,550	10,535	5.2	5.5	4.8
Aramaic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	415	200	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	60	45	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,110	1,920	2,185	1.0	0.9	1.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	655	280	375	0.2	0.1	0.2
Vietnamese	3,515	1,670	1,840	0.8	0.8	0.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,955	795	1,160	0.5	0.4	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	80	10	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	145	60	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	495	260	235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	325	165	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	180	100	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,160	420	740	0.3	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	110	25	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10,000	4,590	5,410	2.3	2.2	2.5
Haitian Creole	7,525	3,380	4,145	1.8	1.6	1.9
Jamaican English Creole	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	1,795	890	900	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sango	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	985	455	530	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages, n.i.e.	160	65	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,085	570	510	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	170	95	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	585	295	290	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	370	205	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	72,345	34,970	37,370	16.9	16.7	17.1
Albanian	205	110	90	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	440	205	235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	8,155	3,870	4,285	1.9	1.8	2.0
Baltic languages	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	8,110	3,845	4,265	1.9	1.8	2.0
Belarusian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	1,050	520	530	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	130	70	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	1,035	445	590	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	5,370	2,605	2,765	1.3	1.2	1.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	575	265	310	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	330	145	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	275	130	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	120	75	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	105	25	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	785	345	435	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,890	1,445	1,450	0.7	0.7	0.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,365	1,220	1,145	0.6	0.6	0.5
German	2,315	1,195	1,115	0.5	0.6	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	55	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	460	225	235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	65	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	360	190	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	150	70	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	105	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	2,395	1,225	1,170	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indo-Iranian languages	11,860	6,015	5,850	2.8	2.9	2.7
Indo-Aryan languages	5,370	2,785	2,585	1.3	1.3	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	770	410	355	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	380	195	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	2,280	1,115	1,170	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kacchi	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	110	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,060	560	500	0.2	0.3	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	2,230	1,205	1,020	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	70	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	7,210	3,640	3,570	1.7	1.7	1.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	100	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	340	190	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	6,940	3,490	3,450	1.6	1.7	1.6
Dari	3,950	2,010	1,940	0.9	1.0	0.9
Iranian Persian	2,580	1,295	1,285	0.6	0.6	0.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	550	260	285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	49,255	23,490	25,760	11.5	11.2	11.8
Catalan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5,605	2,825	2,775	1.3	1.3	1.3
Portuguese	5,500	2,800	2,700	1.3	1.3	1.2
Romanian	4,715	2,330	2,390	1.1	1.1	1.1
Spanish	36,510	17,125	19,385	8.5	8.2	8.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	595	280	320	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	1,035	425	610	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	6,010	2,915	3,095	1.4	1.4	1.4
Akan (Twi)	90	25	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	380	205	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	140	90	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	390	165	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	410	185	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	1,015	505	510	0.2	0.2	0.2
Luba-Kasai	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	200	105	100	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	645	250	390	0.2	0.1	0.2
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	760	320	440	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	145	65	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	1,130	610	515	0.3	0.3	0.2
Yoruba	265	145	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,460	705	755	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nilo-Saharan languages	115	40	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	115	40	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	85	60	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	390	205	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	90	60	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	285	145	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	18,760	8,755	9,995	4.4	4.2	4.6
Chinese languages	18,670	8,735	9,935	4.4	4.2	4.5
Hakka	260	100	160	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mandarin	12,910	6,020	6,895	3.0	2.9	3.2
Min Dong	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	560	230	335	0.1	0.1	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	225	95	130	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	7,790	3,580	4,205	1.8	1.7	1.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	165	85	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	95	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	560	255	305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	465	225	240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	145	55	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	965	480	480	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	755	395	360	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	400	200	195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	385	200	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	130	85	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	428,170	209,560	218,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,490	2,115	2,375	1.0	1.0	1.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,240	2,000	2,240	1.0	1.0	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,480	1,120	1,360	0.6	0.5	0.6
Métis	1,685	850	835	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	185	80	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	423,675	207,445	216,235	99.0	99.0	98.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	428,170	209,560	218,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	775	380	400	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	427,390	209,180	218,215	99.8	99.8	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	187,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	114,060	...	...	60.9	...	...
Renter	73,200	...	...	39.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	187,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	41,120	...	...	22.0	...	...
Not condominium	146,140	...	...	78.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	187,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	825	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	28,065	...	...	15.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	59,790	...	...	31.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	58,835	...	...	31.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	39,745	...	...	21.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	187,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	71,095	...	...	38.0	...	...
5 rooms	31,280	...	...	16.7	...	...
6 rooms	18,195	...	...	9.7	...	...
7 rooms	19,340	...	...	10.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	47,355	...	...	25.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	187,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	184,830	...	...	98.7	...	...
More than one person per room	2,430	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	187,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	180,070	...	...	96.2	...	...
Not suitable	7,190	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	187,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	26,525	...	...	14.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	72,120	...	...	38.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	29,965	...	...	16.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	16,435	...	...	8.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	9,005	...	...	4.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	10,915	...	...	5.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	10,200	...	...	5.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	12,095	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	187,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	175,610	...	...	93.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	11,650	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	187,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	101,265	...	...	54.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	80,990	...	...	43.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	5,000	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	187,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	4,085	...	...	2.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	24,155	...	...	12.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	34,210	...	...	18.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	33,440	...	...	17.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	36,690	...	...	19.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	31,065	...	...	16.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	18,485	...	...	9.9	...	...
85 years and over	5,125	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	186,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	155,145	...	...	83.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	31,550	...	...	16.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	29,030	...	...	15.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	187,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	46,890	...	...	25.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	28,785	...	...	15.4	...	...
Not suitable only	5,705	...	...	3.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	8,965	...	...	4.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	750	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,960	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	675	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	140,365	...	...	75.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	184,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	12,810	...	...	7.0	...	...
Not in core need	171,370	...	...	93.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	114,060	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.0	...	...	62.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.8	...	...	10.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,220	...	...	1,220	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,322	...	...	1,322	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	472,400	...	...	472,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	73,195	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	26.5	...	...	26.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.4	...	...	14.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	880	...	...	880	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...	970	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	428,165	209,555	218,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,545	1,610	1,935	0.8	0.8	0.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,505	1,585	1,915	0.8	0.8	0.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,080	1,415	1,665	0.7	0.7	0.8
Métis single ancestry	375	160	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	8,550	3,860	4,690	2.0	1.8	2.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	8,490	3,830	4,655	2.0	1.8	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	7,750	3,465	4,285	1.8	1.7	2.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	690	350	345	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	416,075	204,090	211,980	97.2	97.4	97.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	428,165	209,560	218,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	391,610	191,730	199,880	91.5	91.5	91.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	78,630	40,385	38,240	18.4	19.3	17.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	312,980	151,340	161,640	73.1	72.2	73.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	36,560	17,825	18,725	8.5	8.5	8.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	428,165	209,560	218,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	317,210	155,210	161,995	74.1	74.1	74.1
Immigrants⁸¹	99,490	48,350	51,140	23.2	23.1	23.4
Before 1980	12,945	6,620	6,325	3.0	3.2	2.9
1980 to 1990	9,805	4,735	5,070	2.3	2.3	2.3
1991 to 2000	14,870	7,290	7,580	3.5	3.5	3.5
2001 to 2010	27,300	13,090	14,210	6.4	6.2	6.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	34,560	16,615	17,945	8.1	7.9	8.2
2011 to 2015	17,785	8,540	9,240	4.2	4.1	4.2
2016 to 2021	16,775	8,070	8,705	3.9	3.9	4.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	11,470	5,995	5,475	2.7	2.9	2.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	99,485	48,350	51,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	9,350	4,715	4,640	9.4	9.8	9.1
5 to 14 years	16,430	8,360	8,070	16.5	17.3	15.8
15 to 24 years	16,210	7,290	8,925	16.3	15.1	17.5
25 to 44 years	49,940	24,260	25,680	50.2	50.2	50.2
45 years and over	7,555	3,725	3,825	7.6	7.7	7.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	99,485	48,350	51,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	22,135	10,350	11,790	22.2	21.4	23.1
Brazil	1,135	560	570	1.1	1.2	1.1
Colombia	3,940	1,825	2,115	4.0	3.8	4.1
El Salvador	535	265	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Guyana	230	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Haiti	5,545	2,430	3,110	5.6	5.0	6.1
Jamaica	180	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexico	1,405	620	780	1.4	1.3	1.5
Peru	1,885	845	1,040	1.9	1.7	2.0
Trinidad and Tobago	325	160	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
United States of America	1,240	615	630	1.2	1.3	1.2
Other places of birth in Americas	5,720	2,850	2,865	5.7	5.9	5.6
Europe	20,555	10,250	10,300	20.7	21.2	20.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatia	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	6,435	3,320	3,115	6.5	6.9	6.1
Germany	470	250	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
Greece	760	400	360	0.8	0.8	0.7
Hungary	140	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italy	1,105	605	505	1.1	1.3	1.0
Netherlands	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	565	230	330	0.6	0.5	0.6
Portugal	1,255	620	640	1.3	1.3	1.3
Romania	3,045	1,480	1,570	3.1	3.1	3.1
Russian Federation	1,000	450	545	1.0	0.9	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	850	435	415	0.9	0.9	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	765	355	415	0.8	0.7	0.8
Other places of birth in Europe	3,670	1,780	1,890	3.7	3.7	3.7
Africa	26,550	13,545	13,005	26.7	28.0	25.4
Algeria	5,235	2,630	2,610	5.3	5.4	5.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1,090	500	595	1.1	1.0	1.2
Egypt	1,590	875	720	1.6	1.8	1.4
Eritrea	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	5,715	3,035	2,680	5.7	6.3	5.2
Nigeria	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somalia	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	12,700	6,395	6,305	12.8	13.2	12.3
Asia	30,145	14,150	15,990	30.3	29.3	31.3
Afghanistan	2,830	1,425	1,405	2.8	2.9	2.7
Iran⁸⁸	2,035	1,020	1,015	2.0	2.1	2.0
Iraq	300	155	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lebanon	1,595	895	695	1.6	1.9	1.4
Syria⁸⁹	600	305	290	0.6	0.6	0.6
Turkey	395	220	175	0.4	0.5	0.3
China⁹⁰	9,385	4,125	5,260	9.4	8.5	10.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	1,385	695	695	1.4	1.4	1.4
Korea, South⁹²	630	260	370	0.6	0.5	0.7
Taiwan	470	190	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Philippines	1,125	395	735	1.1	0.8	1.4
Viet Nam	2,575	1,200	1,370	2.6	2.5	2.7
Bangladesh	450	225	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
India	1,755	890	865	1.8	1.8	1.7
Pakistan	1,110	575	530	1.1	1.2	1.0
Sri Lanka	245	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	3,250	1,445	1,805	3.3	3.0	3.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	16,775	8,070	8,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,805	1,405	1,400	16.7	17.4	16.1
Brazil	310	150	160	1.8	1.9	1.8
Colombia	745	365	385	4.4	4.5	4.4
Haiti	400	210	190	2.4	2.6	2.2
Jamaica	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mexico	225	100	120	1.3	1.2	1.4
United States of America	190	110	75	1.1	1.4	0.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	275	135	135	1.6	1.7	1.5
Other places of birth in Americas	645	325	315	3.8	4.0	3.6
Europe	2,105	1,050	1,055	12.5	13.0	12.1
France	1,180	630	555	7.0	7.8	6.4
Germany	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	205	100	105	1.2	1.2	1.2
Ukraine	160	65	95	1.0	0.8	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other places of birth in Europe	465	220	250	2.8	2.7	2.9
Africa	6,435	3,080	3,350	38.4	38.2	38.5
Algeria	930	415	520	5.5	5.1	6.0
Burundi	295	145	150	1.8	1.8	1.7
Cameroon	1,135	515	620	6.8	6.4	7.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	280	140	140	1.7	1.7	1.6
Côte d'Ivoire	900	440	460	5.4	5.5	5.3
Egypt	135	65	75	0.8	0.8	0.9
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Morocco	800	410	385	4.8	5.1	4.4
Nigeria	60	30	25	0.4	0.4	0.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	490	240	250	2.9	3.0	2.9
Other places of birth in Africa	1,390	680	705	8.3	8.4	8.1
Asia	5,405	2,500	2,910	32.2	31.0	33.4
Afghanistan	800	395	405	4.8	4.9	4.6
Bangladesh	45	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
China⁹⁰	1,830	795	1,035	10.9	9.9	11.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
India	625	330	295	3.7	4.1	3.4
Iran⁸⁸	400	175	225	2.4	2.2	2.6
Iraq	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Israel	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Japan	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	155	70	90	0.9	0.9	1.0
Lebanon	130	90	40	0.8	1.1	0.5
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	245	140	105	1.5	1.7	1.2
Philippines	105	25	80	0.6	0.3	0.9
Saudi Arabia	70	25	40	0.4	0.3	0.5
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	325	165	160	1.9	2.0	1.8
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Viet Nam	150	55	100	0.9	0.7	1.1
Other places of birth in Asia	350	135	210	2.1	1.7	2.4
Oceania and other⁹³	30	30	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Australia	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	428,170	209,560	218,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	114,360	55,880	58,480	26.7	26.7	26.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	61,740	31,640	30,100	14.4	15.1	13.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	252,065	122,040	130,025	58.9	58.2	59.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	86,545	41,735	44,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	52,785	27,375	25,415	61.0	65.6	56.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	23,495	14,370	9,125	27.1	34.4	20.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	29,290	13,000	16,295	33.8	31.1	36.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	19,865	7,600	12,265	23.0	18.2	27.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	12,785	6,265	6,515	14.8	15.0	14.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	1,105	490	610	1.3	1.2	1.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	86,545	41,735	44,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	6,435	3,145	3,290	7.4	7.5	7.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	6,080	3,160	2,920	7.0	7.6	6.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	2,445	1,320	1,115	2.8	3.2	2.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	4,380	2,540	1,840	5.1	6.1	4.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	770	285	485	0.9	0.7	1.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	66,435	31,280	35,160	76.8	74.9	78.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	428,170	209,560	218,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	116,455	57,200	59,255	27.2	27.3	27.1
South Asian	7,345	3,880	3,465	1.7	1.9	1.6
Chinese	19,860	9,270	10,590	4.6	4.4	4.8
Black	32,525	15,800	16,725	7.6	7.5	7.7
Filipino	1,745	740	1,005	0.4	0.4	0.5
Arab	19,000	10,085	8,915	4.4	4.8	4.1
Latin American	18,055	8,620	9,435	4.2	4.1	4.3
Southeast Asian	5,790	2,770	3,015	1.4	1.3	1.4
West Asian	6,450	3,320	3,130	1.5	1.6	1.4
Korean	1,135	535	595	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	285	110	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	990	515	475	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	3,290	1,555	1,735	0.8	0.7	0.8
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	311,705	152,355	159,355	72.8	72.7	72.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	428,170	209,560	218,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	95,585	46,210	49,375	22.3	22.1	22.6
English	9,585	4,655	4,930	2.2	2.2	2.3
Irish	20,815	9,790	11,025	4.9	4.7	5.0
Scottish	10,000	4,590	5,410	2.3	2.2	2.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	98,220	48,525	49,695	22.9	23.2	22.7
German	6,710	3,095	3,615	1.6	1.5	1.7
Chinese	19,980	9,340	10,640	4.7	4.5	4.9
Italian	14,770	7,375	7,395	3.4	3.5	3.4
Indian (India)	4,495	2,320	2,180	1.0	1.1	1.0
Ukrainian	2,690	1,235	1,450	0.6	0.6	0.7
Dutch	1,150	570	575	0.3	0.3	0.3
Polish	3,485	1,625	1,855	0.8	0.8	0.8
Québécois	40,520	20,005	20,515	9.5	9.5	9.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,095	1,030	1,065	0.5	0.5	0.5
Filipino	1,775	695	1,080	0.4	0.3	0.5
French Canadian	24,220	11,610	12,610	5.7	5.5	5.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	5,635	2,685	2,955	1.3	1.3	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	5,570	2,530	3,045	1.3	1.2	1.4
Métis	1,165	555	605	0.3	0.3	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	4,700	2,430	2,275	1.1	1.2	1.0
Russian	3,460	1,530	1,930	0.8	0.7	0.9
Norwegian	325	150	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	575	295	285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	4,610	2,305	2,300	1.1	1.1	1.1
American	2,240	975	1,265	0.5	0.5	0.6
Spanish	5,690	2,800	2,890	1.3	1.3	1.3
Swedish	295	155	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	1,385	695	690	0.3	0.3	0.3
Acadian	3,830	1,775	2,055	0.9	0.8	0.9
Pakistani	1,530	815	715	0.4	0.4	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	5,700	2,770	2,930	1.3	1.3	1.3
Jewish	1,060	570	495	0.2	0.3	0.2
Punjabi	190	90	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	4,600	2,210	2,395	1.1	1.1	1.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	7,950	4,235	3,710	1.9	2.0	1.7
Greek	3,715	1,915	1,800	0.9	0.9	0.8
Jamaican	745	340	400	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,470	665	805	0.3	0.3	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	235	100	130	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	1,180	550	630	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	4,470	2,235	2,230	1.0	1.1	1.0
Lebanese	3,365	1,760	1,610	0.8	0.8	0.7
Iranian	2,410	1,225	1,185	0.6	0.6	0.5
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	2,605	1,400	1,205	0.6	0.7	0.6
Danish	235	125	105	0.1	0.1	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,150	455	700	0.3	0.2	0.3
Sikh	95	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	635	310	330	0.1	0.1	0.2
Belgian	3,455	1,705	1,755	0.8	0.8	0.8
Haitian	11,150	5,260	5,890	2.6	2.5	2.7
Hindu	605	280	320	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	2,640	1,290	1,350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	1,265	690	580	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	155	70	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	315	165	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	495	210	285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	460	180	280	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	285	125	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	570	255	315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	230	105	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	1,475	740	735	0.3	0.4	0.3
Egyptian	2,560	1,350	1,205	0.6	0.6	0.6
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	2,695	1,290	1,410	0.6	0.6	0.6
Tamil	280	145	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	5,400	2,615	2,785	1.3	1.2	1.3
Moroccan	5,725	3,050	2,680	1.3	1.5	1.2
Czech	325	160	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	895	440	460	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	315	145	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	3,670	1,900	1,770	0.9	0.9	0.8
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	1,135	535	600	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbian	385	190	195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	125	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	500	235	270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	165	85	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	705	350	355	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	550	270	280	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	640	340	305	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	100	25	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	455	225	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	4,375	2,300	2,070	1.0	1.1	0.9
Brazilian	1,785	860	925	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigerian	215	110	105	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	925	415	505	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovak	295	155	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	320	150	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	615	290	325	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	385	210	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	885	445	440	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	705	330	375	0.2	0.2	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	320	160	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	300	140	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	665	300	365	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquin	565	280	285	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	285	135	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	385	160	220	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	80	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	365	210	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	1,965	950	1,010	0.5	0.5	0.5
Congolese	1,660	790	865	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nova Scotian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	595	280	315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	2,650	1,235	1,415	0.6	0.6	0.6
Yoruba	190	100	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,065	495	570	0.2	0.2	0.3
Berber	2,995	1,605	1,380	0.7	0.8	0.6
Albanian	200	110	85	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	235	110	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	365	195	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	285	115	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	190	85	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	160	70	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	255	115	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	1,190	615	585	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albertan	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	155	65	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	435	220	210	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	230	130	105	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	110	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	1,610	900	710	0.4	0.4	0.3
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	270	145	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	1,060	565	495	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bosnian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	1,375	645	740	0.3	0.3	0.3
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	605	270	335	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latvian	50	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	215	120	90	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cameroonian	1,845	900	945	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guatemalan	575	315	255	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indonesian	125	45	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	725	365	365	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	120	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	175	65	110	0.0	0.0	0.1
Franco Ontarian	265	145	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	430	220	210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	175	105	65	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	295	125	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	305	160	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	195	80	115	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	995	445	555	0.2	0.2	0.3
Nepali	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	1,370	680	690	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assyrian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	335	145	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	620	275	340	0.1	0.1	0.2
Moldovan	985	470	515	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	465	250	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	70	20	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	830	395	435	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	110	30	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	850	440	410	0.2	0.2	0.2
Huron (Wendat)	590	280	315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	155	70	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	635	290	350	0.1	0.1	0.2
Norman	460	225	235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	1,075	510	565	0.3	0.2	0.3
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	580	245	335	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	195	110	85	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mauritian	1,180	600	580	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kenyan	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	90	25	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	85	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	450	220	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	125	95	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	120	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	95	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	695	370	325	0.2	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	95	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	135	65	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	95	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	295	145	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	125	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	155	70	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	885	425	455	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Guyanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	560	220	335	0.1	0.1	0.2
Libyan	115	70	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	245	130	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	160	80	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	235	115	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	130	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	555	275	285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	350	180	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	150	35	115	0.0	0.0	0.1
Beninese	455	220	235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	75	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	655	350	310	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kashmiri	130	65	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	95	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	428,170	209,555	218,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	4,315	1,905	2,415	1.0	0.9	1.1
Christian	254,715	119,115	135,600	59.5	56.8	62.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	25,700	12,540	13,160	6.0	6.0	6.0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	2,020	895	1,125	0.5	0.4	0.5
Baptist	1,865	890	975	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catholic	201,475	93,895	107,575	47.1	44.8	49.2
Christian Orthodox	10,300	5,035	5,265	2.4	2.4	2.4
Jehovah's Witness	1,645	705	940	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	770	340	425	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	245	125	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	135	70	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,235	960	1,275	0.5	0.5	0.6
Presbyterian	500	190	315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Reformed	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	925	405	520	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	6,850	3,050	3,805	1.6	1.5	1.7
Hindu	2,680	1,330	1,345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jewish	845	470	375	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	35,380	18,320	17,055	8.3	8.7	7.8
Sikh	405	225	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,440	690	755	0.3	0.3	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	128,385	67,500	60,880	30.0	32.2	27.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	424,085	207,465	216,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	376,800	183,980	192,820	88.9	88.7	89.0
Movers	47,285	23,485	23,795	11.1	11.3	11.0
Non-migrants	23,010	11,510	11,500	5.4	5.5	5.3
Migrants	24,275	11,975	12,300	5.7	5.8	5.7
Internal migrants	21,430	10,615	10,815	5.1	5.1	5.0
Intraprovincial migrants	20,290	10,055	10,235	4.8	4.8	4.7
Interprovincial migrants	1,135	560	575	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	2,845	1,365	1,485	0.7	0.7	0.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	406,285	198,220	208,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	240,095	116,575	123,520	59.1	58.8	59.4
Movers	166,190	81,645	84,540	40.9	41.2	40.6
Non-migrants	59,755	29,215	30,535	14.7	14.7	14.7
Migrants	106,440	52,430	54,005	26.2	26.5	26.0
Internal migrants	84,270	41,605	42,670	20.7	21.0	20.5
Intraprovincial migrants	80,720	39,845	40,875	19.9	20.1	19.6
Interprovincial migrants	3,550	1,760	1,790	0.9	0.9	0.9
External migrants	22,170	10,830	11,335	5.5	5.5	5.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	355,845	172,500	183,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	60,310	31,170	29,140	16.9	18.1	15.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	295,535	141,335	154,200	83.1	81.9	84.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	227,030	111,680	115,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	25,800	14,600	11,200	11.4	13.1	9.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	201,230	97,075	104,150	88.6	86.9	90.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	355,840	172,500	183,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	53,400	26,770	26,630	15.0	15.5	14.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	72,100	34,545	37,555	20.3	20.0	20.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	230,345	111,190	119,155	64.7	64.5	65.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	119,865	58,845	61,025	33.7	34.1	33.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	41,950	24,275	17,675	11.8	14.1	9.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	30,430	15,445	14,985	8.6	9.0	8.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	11,520	8,830	2,690	3.2	5.1	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	61,195	27,555	33,640	17.2	16.0	18.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,720	7,010	9,710	4.7	4.1	5.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	110,475	52,350	58,130	31.0	30.3	31.7
Bachelor's degree	67,390	30,800	36,590	18.9	17.9	20.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	11,230	5,040	6,190	3.2	2.9	3.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,655	1,215	1,440	0.7	0.7	0.8
Master's degree	25,295	12,975	12,320	7.1	7.5	6.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	3,910	2,320	1,590	1.1	1.3	0.9
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	227,030	111,680	115,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	21,070	11,715	9,355	9.3	10.5	8.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	35,095	18,145	16,955	15.5	16.2	14.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	170,865	81,820	89,045	75.3	73.3	77.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	82,380	41,265	41,110	36.3	36.9	35.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	30,995	17,650	13,350	13.7	15.8	11.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	22,570	11,255	11,310	9.9	10.1	9.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,430	6,395	2,035	3.7	5.7	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	39,935	18,635	21,300	17.6	16.7	18.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,445	4,985	6,465	5.0	4.5	5.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	88,480	40,550	47,935	39.0	36.3	41.6
Bachelor's degree	53,265	23,915	29,350	23.5	21.4	25.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	9,155	3,855	5,295	4.0	3.5	4.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,970	750	1,215	0.9	0.7	1.1
Master's degree	21,100	10,390	10,705	9.3	9.3	9.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	3,000	1,635	1,360	1.3	1.5	1.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	355,840	172,505	183,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	125,500	61,315	64,185	35.3	35.5	35.0
Education	13,880	2,850	11,035	3.9	1.7	6.0
13. Education	13,880	2,850	11,035	3.9	1.7	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	9,840	4,555	5,290	2.8	2.6	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,485	1,085	400	0.4	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	8,360	3,465	4,885	2.3	2.0	2.7
Humanities	13,535	4,940	8,600	3.8	2.9	4.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	2,455	555	1,895	0.7	0.3	1.0
23. English language and literature/letters	945	265	680	0.3	0.2	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	6,255	2,440	3,815	1.8	1.4	2.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	90	25	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	600	370	230	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	585	295	290	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	885	490	395	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	1,725	485	1,240	0.5	0.3	0.7
Social and behavioural sciences and law	26,070	8,885	17,185	7.3	5.2	9.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	310	65	250	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	4,160	1,280	2,880	1.2	0.7	1.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	3,805	420	3,380	1.1	0.2	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	5,745	2,130	3,615	1.6	1.2	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	665	185	480	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	3,460	920	2,545	1.0	0.5	1.4
45. Social sciences	7,930	3,890	4,040	2.2	2.3	2.2
Business, management and public administration	60,915	25,575	35,345	17.1	14.8	19.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,325	625	1,700	0.7	0.4	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	58,550	24,935	33,610	16.5	14.5	18.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	9,210	4,925	4,285	2.6	2.9	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,090	1,235	1,855	0.9	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,705	945	765	0.5	0.5	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	920	430	485	0.3	0.2	0.3
40. Physical sciences	3,030	2,050	975	0.9	1.2	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	465	265	195	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	12,960	9,020	3,945	3.6	5.2	2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10,825	8,000	2,825	3.0	4.6	1.5
25. Library science	635	125	515	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,265	735	530	0.4	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	235	165	70	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	42,830	37,135	5,695	12.0	21.5	3.1
04. Architecture and related services	2,155	1,175	975	0.6	0.7	0.5
14. Engineering	15,265	12,455	2,805	4.3	7.2	1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	8,090	6,915	1,170	2.3	4.0	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	7,290	6,950	340	2.0	4.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	6,110	5,905	200	1.7	3.4	0.1
48. Precision production	3,910	3,725	185	1.1	2.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,765	1,380	1,385	0.8	0.8	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,920	925	990	0.5	0.5	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	845	455	390	0.2	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	26,645	5,480	21,165	7.5	3.2	11.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,500	670	830	0.4	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	24,230	4,405	19,830	6.8	2.6	10.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	75	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	845	390	450	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	11,660	6,445	5,215	3.3	3.7	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	6,505	2,090	4,415	1.8	1.2	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	40	40	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	2,345	1,780	560	0.7	1.0	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,755	2,520	230	0.8	1.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	227,030	111,675	115,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	56,165	29,860	26,305	24.7	26.7	22.8
Education	8,620	1,665	6,955	3.8	1.5	6.0
13. Education	8,620	1,665	6,955	3.8	1.5	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,525	3,485	4,040	3.3	3.1	3.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,145	825	325	0.5	0.7	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	6,375	2,660	3,720	2.8	2.4	3.2
Humanities	8,425	3,090	5,330	3.7	2.8	4.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	1,735	370	1,365	0.8	0.3	1.2
23. English language and literature/letters	720	185	535	0.3	0.2	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,500	1,450	2,050	1.5	1.3	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	335	220	115	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	325	185	140	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	615	365	250	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	1,135	310	825	0.5	0.3	0.7
Social and behavioural sciences and law	19,930	6,465	13,465	8.8	5.8	11.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	225	35	195	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	3,430	1,030	2,400	1.5	0.9	2.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	3,030	300	2,730	1.3	0.3	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	4,365	1,455	2,910	1.9	1.3	2.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	425	125	295	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	2,480	610	1,870	1.1	0.5	1.6
45. Social sciences	5,975	2,910	3,065	2.6	2.6	2.7
Business, management and public administration	46,830	18,995	27,835	20.6	17.0	24.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,730	435	1,300	0.8	0.4	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	45,075	18,560	26,515	19.9	16.6	23.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,975	3,095	2,880	2.6	2.8	2.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,515	980	1,535	1.1	0.9	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	790	430	355	0.3	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	240	160	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	2,115	1,355	765	0.9	1.2	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	320	175	145	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10,805	7,625	3,185	4.8	6.8	2.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	9,425	6,985	2,440	4.2	6.3	2.1
25. Library science	405	70	335	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	815	465	350	0.4	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	170	105	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	32,630	27,595	5,030	14.4	24.7	4.4
04. Architecture and related services	1,705	900	805	0.8	0.8	0.7
14. Engineering	12,720	10,090	2,630	5.6	9.0	2.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	5,745	4,760	990	2.5	4.3	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	5,435	5,150	285	2.4	4.6	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,375	4,225	150	1.9	3.8	0.1
48. Precision production	2,635	2,475	160	1.2	2.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,315	1,090	1,225	1.0	1.0	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,610	725	885	0.7	0.6	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	705	360	345	0.3	0.3	0.3
Health and related fields	18,905	3,850	15,055	8.3	3.4	13.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,175	505	675	0.5	0.5	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	17,015	3,060	13,950	7.5	2.7	12.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	70	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	640	260	375	0.3	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	8,880	4,860	4,020	3.9	4.4	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	4,885	1,530	3,360	2.2	1.4	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,800	1,340	460	0.8	1.2	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,165	1,970	195	1.0	1.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	227,030	111,675	115,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	56,165	29,860	26,305	24.7	26.7	22.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	170,865	81,815	89,040	75.3	73.3	77.2
Location of study inside Canada	137,940	65,825	72,115	60.8	58.9	62.5
Same as province or territory of residence	134,140	63,925	70,210	59.1	57.2	60.9
Different than province or territory of residence	3,800	1,890	1,905	1.7	1.7	1.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	32,925	16,000	16,925	14.5	14.3	14.7
Americas	7,900	3,750	4,150	3.5	3.4	3.6
United States of America	1,305	665	640	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mexico	680	295	390	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cuba	345	195	150	0.2	0.2	0.1
Haiti	625	325	300	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	975	480	495	0.4	0.4	0.4
Colombia	2,015	915	1,105	0.9	0.8	1.0
Peru	560	245	315	0.2	0.2	0.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	610	275	335	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other locations of study in Americas	785	360	420	0.3	0.3	0.4
Europe	9,865	5,235	4,635	4.3	4.7	4.0
Belgium	310	155	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	4,765	2,625	2,140	2.1	2.4	1.9
Germany	135	95	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	90	60	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	90	65	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	465	235	235	0.2	0.2	0.2
Poland	100	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	1,305	690	625	0.6	0.6	0.5
Russian Federation	595	285	300	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukraine	420	190	235	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	560	285	280	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	80	60	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	880	430	445	0.4	0.4	0.4
Africa	7,345	3,585	3,760	3.2	3.2	3.3
Nigeria	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	1,940	920	1,020	0.9	0.8	0.9
Morocco	1,540	770	765	0.7	0.7	0.7
Tunisia	595	295	300	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egypt	530	250	280	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	2,605	1,295	1,310	1.1	1.2	1.1
Asia	7,665	3,330	4,340	3.4	3.0	3.8
Iran⁸⁸	800	355	450	0.4	0.3	0.4
Iraq	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	80	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	395	175	210	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	3,235	1,465	1,770	1.4	1.3	1.5
Taiwan	105	35	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	70	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	85	25	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	225	75	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	360	115	250	0.2	0.1	0.2
Viet Nam	125	50	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	130	50	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sri Lanka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	900	395	500	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pakistan	200	115	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	760	340	420	0.3	0.3	0.4
Oceania	150	100	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
Australia	100	75	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Zealand	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	355,840	172,500	183,340	...	...	...
In the labour force	228,530	117,260	111,270	...	...	...
Employed	211,035	108,345	102,690	...	...	...
Unemployed	17,495	8,910	8,580	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	127,310	55,245	72,070	...	...	...
Participation rate	64.2	68.0	60.7	64.2	68.0	60.7
Employment rate	59.3	62.8	56.0	59.3	62.8	56.0
Unemployment rate	7.7	7.6	7.7	7.7	7.6	7.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	355,840	172,505	183,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	126,015	54,215	71,800	35.4	31.4	39.2
Worked	229,825	118,290	111,535	64.6	68.6	60.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	122,890	66,210	56,680	34.5	38.4	30.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	106,940	52,080	54,855	30.1	30.2	29.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	41.7	40.6	41.2	41.7	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	228,530	117,260	111,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	5,260	2,370	2,895	2.3	2.0	2.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	223,270	114,890	108,375	97.7	98.0	97.4
Employee	196,265	98,500	97,765	85.9	84.0	87.9
Permanent position	166,010	84,585	81,430	72.6	72.1	73.2
Temporary position	30,255	13,915	16,340	13.2	11.9	14.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	11,310	4,800	6,510	4.9	4.1	5.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	18,940	9,110	9,830	8.3	7.8	8.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	27,005	16,395	10,610	11.8	14.0	9.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	228,530	117,260	111,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	5,260	2,370	2,895	2.3	2.0	2.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	223,270	114,890	108,375	97.7	98.0	97.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	4,725	3,205	1,515	2.1	2.7	1.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	47,920	17,255	30,665	21.0	14.7	27.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	24,845	18,910	5,940	10.9	16.1	5.3
3 Health occupations	17,690	3,610	14,085	7.7	3.1	12.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	26,525	7,925	18,600	11.6	6.8	16.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	8,350	4,090	4,265	3.7	3.5	3.8
6 Sales and service occupations	55,800	27,610	28,190	24.4	23.5	25.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	28,575	25,855	2,720	12.5	22.0	2.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,420	1,120	300	0.6	1.0	0.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	7,415	5,310	2,100	3.2	4.5	1.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	228,530	117,260	111,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	5,260	2,370	2,895	2.3	2.0	2.6
All industries¹⁹¹	223,270	114,890	108,375	97.7	98.0	97.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	685	440	240	0.3	0.4	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	410	270	135	0.2	0.2	0.1
22 Utilities	2,370	1,535	840	1.0	1.3	0.8
23 Construction	11,530	9,685	1,850	5.0	8.3	1.7
31-33 Manufacturing	18,885	12,925	5,955	8.3	11.0	5.4
41 Wholesale trade	7,940	5,100	2,840	3.5	4.3	2.6
44-45 Retail trade	27,360	13,730	13,630	12.0	11.7	12.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	11,185	8,700	2,490	4.9	7.4	2.2
51 Information and cultural industries	7,645	4,500	3,145	3.3	3.8	2.8
52 Finance and insurance	13,845	6,405	7,450	6.1	5.5	6.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	4,060	2,160	1,905	1.8	1.8	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	24,470	14,105	10,365	10.7	12.0	9.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	525	260	265	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	9,405	5,485	3,920	4.1	4.7	3.5
61 Educational services	16,540	5,035	11,500	7.2	4.3	10.3
62 Health care and social assistance	29,750	6,330	23,425	13.0	5.4	21.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	3,790	1,985	1,800	1.7	1.7	1.6
72 Accommodation and food services	12,190	6,480	5,715	5.3	5.5	5.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	8,070	3,560	4,510	3.5	3.0	4.1
91 Public administration	12,615	6,210	6,405	5.5	5.3	5.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	243,555	125,105	118,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	16,125	9,110	7,015	6.6	7.3	5.9
French	134,205	66,420	67,785	55.1	53.1	57.2
Non-official language	1,480	665	815	0.6	0.5	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,480	665	815	0.6	0.5	0.7
English and French	85,130	45,580	39,555	35.0	36.4	33.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,590	875	715	0.7	0.7	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	1,215	540	675	0.5	0.4	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,665	1,840	1,830	1.5	1.5	1.5
Multiple non-official languages	150	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	243,555	125,105	118,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	225,640	115,750	109,895	92.6	92.5	92.8
Official languages	223,020	114,490	108,525	91.6	91.5	91.6
English	34,245	19,075	15,170	14.1	15.2	12.8
French	188,770	95,415	93,355	77.5	76.3	78.8
Non-official languages	2,625	1,255	1,370	1.1	1.0	1.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,625	1,255	1,370	1.1	1.0	1.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	105	35	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	100	35	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	90	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	775	365	410	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	105	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	105	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	505	230	275	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	415	185	230	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,600	795	805	0.7	0.6	0.7
Chinese languages	1,600	795	805	0.7	0.6	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	890	410	480	0.4	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	705	380	325	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	17,915	9,355	8,560	7.4	7.5	7.2
English and French	16,565	8,730	7,830	6.8	7.0	6.6
English and non-official language(s)	505	235	275	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	395	175	220	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	430	205	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	243,555	125,105	118,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	168,555	84,965	83,590	69.2	67.9	70.6
English	53,105	28,365	24,740	21.8	22.7	20.9
French	17,190	9,355	7,835	7.1	7.5	6.6
Non-official language	2,145	1,100	1,045	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,145	1,100	1,045	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,460	695	760	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	660	390	270	0.3	0.3	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	240	140	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	211,040	108,350	102,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	60,125	29,610	30,515	28.5	27.3	29.7
Worked outside Canada	510	365	150	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	19,605	14,420	5,190	9.3	13.3	5.1
Usual place of work	130,790	63,960	66,835	62.0	59.0	65.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	130,790	63,955	66,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	48,315	20,800	27,520	36.9	32.5	41.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	28,060	13,875	14,180	21.5	21.7	21.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	54,235	29,145	25,085	41.5	45.6	37.5
Commute to a different province or territory	185	130	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	150,395	78,375	72,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	117,870	64,150	53,720	78.4	81.9	74.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	110,140	61,355	48,785	73.2	78.3	67.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	7,730	2,800	4,935	5.1	3.6	6.9
Public transit	21,135	8,610	12,525	14.1	11.0	17.4
Walked	6,720	2,810	3,910	4.5	3.6	5.4
Bicycle	2,265	1,600	665	1.5	2.0	0.9
Other method	2,405	1,200	1,200	1.6	1.5	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	150,395	78,375	72,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	35,785	16,040	19,745	23.8	20.5	27.4
15 to 29 minutes	58,330	30,505	27,830	38.8	38.9	38.6
30 to 44 minutes	33,610	19,670	13,940	22.3	25.1	19.4
45 to 59 minutes	12,965	7,170	5,790	8.6	9.1	8.0
60 minutes and over	9,700	4,990	4,710	6.4	6.4	6.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	150,395	78,375	72,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	9,980	7,905	2,080	6.6	10.1	2.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	23,705	14,615	9,090	15.8	18.6	12.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	40,740	18,840	21,895	27.1	24.0	30.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	30,935	13,115	17,815	20.6	16.7	24.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	20,325	9,385	10,940	13.5	12.0	15.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	24,715	14,510	10,200	16.4	18.5	14.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	87,600	44,835	42,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,185	8,260	7,925	18.5	18.4	18.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	71,410	36,575	34,840	81.5	81.6	81.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	64,030	32,785	31,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,470	6,375	6,095	19.5	19.4	19.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	9,890	5,065	4,830	15.4	15.4	15.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,580	1,315	1,260	4.0	4.0	4.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	51,560	26,405	25,155	80.5	80.5	80.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 25, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table