Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Longueuil--Saint-HubertMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	115,082	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	108,703	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	53,008	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	51,282	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,083.8	...	...	2,083.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	55.23	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	115,085	55,965	59,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,835	9,710	9,120	16.4	17.4	15.4
0 to 4 years	5,960	3,070	2,885	5.2	5.5	4.9
5 to 9 years	6,495	3,365	3,130	5.6	6.0	5.3
10 to 14 years	6,385	3,275	3,110	5.5	5.9	5.3
15 to 64 years	72,370	36,045	36,330	62.9	64.4	61.5
15 to 19 years	5,585	2,850	2,730	4.9	5.1	4.6
20 to 24 years	6,230	3,135	3,090	5.4	5.6	5.2
25 to 29 years	7,075	3,635	3,440	6.1	6.5	5.8
30 to 34 years	7,195	3,640	3,555	6.3	6.5	6.0
35 to 39 years	7,875	3,790	4,085	6.8	6.8	6.9
40 to 44 years	8,125	4,135	3,995	7.1	7.4	6.8
45 to 49 years	7,245	3,670	3,575	6.3	6.6	6.0
50 to 54 years	6,900	3,385	3,510	6.0	6.0	5.9
55 to 59 years	8,025	3,920	4,110	7.0	7.0	7.0
60 to 64 years	8,120	3,880	4,240	7.1	6.9	7.2
65 years and over	23,880	10,210	13,675	20.7	18.2	23.1
65 to 69 years	7,215	3,390	3,825	6.3	6.1	6.5
70 to 74 years	6,140	2,600	3,540	5.3	4.6	6.0
75 to 79 years	4,700	2,080	2,625	4.1	3.7	4.4
80 to 84 years	2,950	1,155	1,800	2.6	2.1	3.0
85 years and over	2,870	980	1,890	2.5	1.8	3.2
85 to 89 years	1,850	705	1,145	1.6	1.3	1.9
90 to 94 years	795	245	555	0.7	0.4	0.9
95 to 99 years	200	30	170	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.4	17.4	15.4	16.4	17.4	15.4
15 to 64 years	62.9	64.4	61.5	62.9	64.4	61.5
65 years and over	20.7	18.2	23.1	20.7	18.2	23.1
85 years and over	2.5	1.8	3.2	2.5	1.8	3.2
Average age of the population	42.8	41.3	44.2	42.8	41.3	44.2
Median age of the population	42.8	41.6	44.4	42.8	41.6	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	51,280	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	15,955	...	...	31.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,950	...	...	5.8	...	...
Row house	1,490	...	...	2.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,080	...	...	4.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	26,550	...	...	51.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,585	...	...	3.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	135	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	540	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	51,280	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	18,735	...	...	36.5	...	...
2 persons	17,180	...	...	33.5	...	...
3 persons	6,620	...	...	12.9	...	...
4 persons	5,705	...	...	11.1	...	...
5 or more persons	3,045	...	...	5.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	112,265	55,020	57,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	96,245	46,250	49,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	51,475	25,755	25,715	53.5	55.7	51.4
Married	30,915	15,480	15,435	32.1	33.5	30.9
Living common-law	20,555	10,280	10,275	21.4	22.2	20.6
Living common law - Never married	16,600	8,305	8,290	17.2	18.0	16.6
Living common law - Separated	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	3,395	1,715	1,680	3.5	3.7	3.4
Living common law - Widowed	355	155	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	44,775	20,495	24,285	46.5	44.3	48.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	29,980	15,930	14,050	31.1	34.4	28.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,650	705	945	1.7	1.5	1.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,815	2,605	5,205	8.1	5.6	10.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,325	1,250	4,080	5.5	2.7	8.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	31,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,755	...	...	54.0	...	...
3 persons	6,250	...	...	20.1	...	...
4 persons	5,530	...	...	17.8	...	...
5 or more persons	2,485	...	...	8.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	31,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	25,130	...	...	81.0	...	...
Married couples	14,855	...	...	47.9	...	...
With children⁶	7,415	...	...	23.9	...	...
Without children	7,445	...	...	24.0	...	...
Common-law couples	10,275	...	...	33.1	...	...
With children⁶	4,635	...	...	14.9	...	...
Without children	5,640	...	...	18.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,890	...	...	19.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,460	...	...	14.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,435	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	112,270	55,020	57,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	87,590	43,165	44,425	78.0	78.5	77.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	50,255	25,140	25,120	44.8	45.7	43.9
Parents in one-parent families	5,890	1,430	4,460	5.2	2.6	7.8
Children⁶	31,440	16,595	14,845	28.0	30.2	25.9
In a two-parent family	22,565	11,910	10,655	20.1	21.6	18.6
In a one-parent family	8,875	4,685	4,190	7.9	8.5	7.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	24,680	11,855	12,825	22.0	21.5	22.4
Living alone	18,740	8,630	10,105	16.7	15.7	17.7
Living with other relatives⁷	2,375	1,025	1,350	2.1	1.9	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	3,565	2,200	1,365	3.2	4.0	2.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	51,280	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,770	...	...	56.1	...	...
Couple-family households	23,715	...	...	46.2	...	...
With children⁶	11,335	...	...	22.1	...	...
Without children	12,380	...	...	24.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,055	...	...	9.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	710	...	...	1.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	125	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,015	...	...	2.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,920	...	...	3.7	...	...
One-person households	18,740	...	...	36.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	93,460	45,330	48,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90,865	44,050	46,820	97.2	97.2	97.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	46,400	39,200	42,800	46,400	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90,930	44,080	46,850	97.3	97.2	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	40,400	34,800	37,600	40,400	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,665	40,525	41,140	87.4	89.4	85.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	41,200	30,600	36,000	41,200	30,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,060	34,055	32,005	70.7	75.1	66.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,000	33,600	38,000	42,000	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,615	34,180	40,435	79.8	75.4	84.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,400	9,700	12,600	11,400	9,700	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,995	5,095	4,905	10.7	11.2	10.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,760	5,520	5,480	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,370	13,240	12,130	27.1	29.2	25.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,000	8,000	7,500	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	93,600	45,395	48,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,945	44,080	46,865	97.2	97.1	97.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,400	59,150	46,040	52,400	59,150	46,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,975	44,085	46,890	97.2	97.1	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,360	46,760	38,160	42,360	46,760	38,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,890	40,630	41,260	87.5	89.5	85.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,040	54,950	39,240	47,040	54,950	39,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,275	34,085	32,190	70.8	75.1	66.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,240	53,100	41,040	47,240	53,100	41,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,675	34,130	40,545	79.8	75.2	84.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,240	10,980	13,300	12,240	10,980	13,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,890	4,950	4,940	10.6	10.9	10.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,970	5,960	7,980	6,970	5,960	7,980
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,270	13,125	12,145	27.0	28.9	25.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,140	8,010	8,280	8,140	8,010	8,280
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	93,605	45,395	48,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,770	17,030	14,740	33.9	37.5	30.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	65,000	55,600	60,000	65,000	55,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,200	78,100	63,250	71,200	78,100	63,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,655	12,940	13,715	28.5	28.5	28.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	21,600	17,200	19,200	21,600	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,520	32,480	24,760	28,520	32,480	24,760
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.8	85.6	75.0	80.8	85.6	75.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.8	69.4	61.2	65.8	69.4	61.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.2	14.4	25.0	19.2	14.4	25.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.1	1.8	1.5	1.1	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	4.5	5.7	5.0	4.5	5.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	4.0	4.7	4.3	4.0	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	93,460	45,330	48,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,595	1,285	1,315	2.8	2.8	2.7
With total income	90,865	44,050	46,815	97.2	97.2	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,055	2,780	3,280	6.7	6.3	7.0
$10,000 to $19,999	10,055	4,100	5,955	11.1	9.3	12.7
$20,000 to $29,999	14,300	5,975	8,325	15.7	13.6	17.8
$30,000 to $39,999	11,860	5,485	6,375	13.1	12.5	13.6
$40,000 to $49,999	11,685	5,645	6,035	12.9	12.8	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	9,860	4,750	5,115	10.9	10.8	10.9
$60,000 to $69,999	7,140	3,615	3,525	7.9	8.2	7.5
$70,000 to $79,999	5,150	2,800	2,350	5.7	6.4	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	4,025	2,250	1,780	4.4	5.1	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,805	1,550	1,255	3.1	3.5	2.7
$100,000 and over	7,930	5,105	2,825	8.7	11.6	6.0
$100,000 to $149,999	5,610	3,505	2,105	6.2	8.0	4.5
$150,000 and over	2,325	1,600	725	2.6	3.6	1.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	93,460	45,330	48,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,535	1,250	1,280	2.7	2.8	2.7
With after-tax income	90,925	44,080	46,845	97.3	97.2	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,545	2,925	3,615	7.2	6.6	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	10,610	4,365	6,240	11.7	9.9	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	16,890	7,230	9,665	18.6	16.4	20.6
$30,000 to $39,999	15,155	7,370	7,785	16.7	16.7	16.6
$40,000 to $49,999	14,065	6,935	7,130	15.5	15.7	15.2
$50,000 to $59,999	9,775	4,985	4,795	10.8	11.3	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	6,530	3,430	3,100	7.2	7.8	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,120	2,250	1,865	4.5	5.1	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,490	1,460	1,030	2.7	3.3	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,540	960	575	1.7	2.2	1.2
$100,000 and over	3,215	2,160	1,050	3.5	4.9	2.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,755	1,155	605	1.9	2.6	1.3
$125,000 and over	1,455	1,005	450	1.6	2.3	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	93,460	45,330	48,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	27,400	11,275	16,125	29.3	24.9	33.5
With employment income	66,065	34,060	32,000	70.7	75.1	66.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,815	4,465	4,350	13.3	13.1	13.6
$5,000 to $9,999	5,105	2,305	2,800	7.7	6.8	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	7,500	3,280	4,225	11.4	9.6	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	6,395	2,965	3,430	9.7	8.7	10.7
$30,000 to $39,999	6,525	3,240	3,285	9.9	9.5	10.3
$40,000 to $49,999	6,650	3,320	3,330	10.1	9.7	10.4
$50,000 to $59,999	5,815	3,010	2,800	8.8	8.8	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	4,395	2,405	1,995	6.7	7.1	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,570	2,045	1,520	5.4	6.0	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,990	1,660	1,330	4.5	4.9	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,065	1,245	815	3.1	3.7	2.5
$100,000 and over	6,225	4,120	2,110	9.4	12.1	6.6
$100,000 to $124,999	3,060	1,930	1,125	4.6	5.7	3.5
$125,000 and over	3,170	2,185	985	4.8	6.4	3.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	93,460	45,330	48,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,070	43,105	45,965	95.3	95.1	95.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,400	36,000	40,000	44,400	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,110	43,105	46,005	95.3	95.1	95.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	38,400	32,000	35,200	38,400	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,395	39,850	40,545	86.0	87.9	84.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,000	31,200	36,400	42,000	31,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,815	33,845	31,970	70.4	74.7	66.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,400	34,000	38,000	42,400	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,920	30,440	37,475	72.7	67.2	77.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,600	4,560	9,300	7,600	4,560	9,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,240	4,300	3,945	8.8	9.5	8.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,800	4,400	5,520	4,800	4,400	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	93,600	45,395	48,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,135	43,045	46,095	95.2	94.8	95.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,400	56,400	42,880	49,400	56,400	42,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,190	43,055	46,135	95.3	94.8	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,120	44,480	36,080	40,120	44,480	36,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,500	39,790	40,710	86.0	87.7	84.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,840	55,000	38,840	46,840	55,000	38,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,795	33,705	32,080	70.3	74.2	66.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,360	53,800	40,560	47,360	53,800	40,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,055	30,380	37,670	72.7	66.9	78.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,330	7,890	10,490	9,330	7,890	10,490
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,180	4,100	4,075	8.7	9.0	8.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,160	5,550	8,780	7,160	5,550	8,780
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	93,605	45,395	48,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,565	16,900	14,665	33.7	37.2	30.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,400	62,000	50,400	56,400	62,000	50,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,400	74,200	57,450	66,400	74,200	57,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,905	12,100	12,810	26.6	26.7	26.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	28,200	21,800	24,400	28,200	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,160	39,160	29,400	34,160	39,160	29,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.6	90.2	80.0	85.6	90.2	80.0
Employment income (%)	70.8	74.8	65.8	70.8	74.8	65.8
Government transfers (%)	14.4	9.9	20.0	14.4	9.9	20.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.9	1.8	1.3	0.9	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	51,285	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	18,740	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,540	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	51,325	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,900	...	...	92,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,100	...	...	75,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	18,700	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,400	...	...	49,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,920	...	...	40,920	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,620	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,800	...	...	117,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,600	...	...	94,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	51,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	360	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	290	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	645	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,090	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,770	...	...	5.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,850	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,940	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,175	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,395	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,420	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,415	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,895	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,585	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,295	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,960	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,205	...	...	33.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,710	...	...	11.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,005	...	...	7.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,160	...	...	8.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,330	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	51,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	425	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	310	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	665	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,135	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,025	...	...	5.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,325	...	...	4.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,495	...	...	4.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,835	...	...	5.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,990	...	...	5.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,845	...	...	5.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,925	...	...	9.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,465	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,025	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,525	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,970	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,330	...	...	24.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,400	...	...	10.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,080	...	...	6.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,840	...	...	7.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,205	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,505	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,075	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,710	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	22,300	10,835	11,475	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	42,400	37,200	40,000	42,400	37,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	36,800	33,600	35,200	36,800	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,310	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,500	...	...	118,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,580	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,800	...	...	87,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,035	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,200	...	...	147,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,700	...	...	118,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,740	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,800	...	...	80,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	22,110	10,705	11,410	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,680	51,550	44,040	47,680	51,550	44,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,680	41,960	37,520	39,680	41,960	37,520
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	112,270	55,020	57,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,225	11,430	10,795	19.8	20.8	18.9
0 to 5 years	7,260	3,765	3,495	6.5	6.8	6.1
18 to 64 years	68,625	34,115	34,510	61.1	62.0	60.3
65 years and over	21,415	9,470	11,945	19.1	17.2	20.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,580	5,615	6,960	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,395	1,200	1,200	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	785	385	400	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,460	3,200	3,265	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,720	1,220	2,500	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.2	10.2	12.2	11.2	10.2	12.2
0 to 17 years (%)	10.8	10.5	11.1	10.8	10.5	11.1
0 to 5 years (%)	10.8	10.2	11.4	10.8	10.2	11.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.4	9.4	9.5	9.4	9.4	9.5
65 years and over (%)	17.4	12.9	20.9	17.4	12.9	20.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	112,265	55,020	57,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,225	11,435	10,795	19.8	20.8	18.9
0 to 5 years	7,260	3,765	3,490	6.5	6.8	6.1
18 to 64 years	68,625	34,120	34,510	61.1	62.0	60.3
65 years and over	21,415	9,470	11,945	19.1	17.2	20.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,245	3,500	3,745	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,275	630	645	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	405	190	220	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,640	2,430	2,205	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,335	440	895	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.5	6.4	6.5	6.5	6.4	6.5
0 to 17 years (%)	5.7	5.5	6.0	5.7	5.5	6.0
0 to 5 years (%)	5.6	5.1	6.2	5.6	5.1	6.2
18 to 64 years (%)	6.8	7.1	6.4	6.8	7.1	6.4
65 years and over (%)	6.2	4.7	7.5	6.2	4.7	7.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	112,270	55,020	57,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	62,065	29,635	32,435	55.3	53.9	56.7
In bottom decile	11,010	5,055	5,955	9.8	9.2	10.4
In second decile	11,610	5,395	6,210	10.3	9.8	10.8
In third decile	13,455	6,430	7,030	12.0	11.7	12.3
In fourth decile	13,230	6,415	6,815	11.8	11.7	11.9
In fifth decile	12,760	6,335	6,420	11.4	11.5	11.2
In top half of the distribution	50,200	25,385	24,815	44.7	46.1	43.3
In sixth decile	12,250	6,145	6,110	10.9	11.2	10.7
In seventh decile	11,600	5,810	5,790	10.3	10.6	10.1
In eighth decile	10,265	5,210	5,055	9.1	9.5	8.8
In ninth decile	8,810	4,490	4,320	7.8	8.2	7.5
In top decile	7,275	3,735	3,545	6.5	6.8	6.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	112,265	...	...	112,265	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.324	...	...	0.324	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.446	...	...	0.446	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.275	...	...	0.275	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	113,420	55,420	57,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	2,350	1,250	1,100	2.1	2.3	1.9
French only	50,765	22,675	28,095	44.8	40.9	48.4
English and French	59,255	31,050	28,205	52.2	56.0	48.6
Neither English nor French	1,045	445	595	0.9	0.8	1.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	113,420	55,420	57,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	6,900	3,570	3,335	6.1	6.4	5.8
French	100,120	48,610	51,510	88.3	87.7	88.8
English and French	5,395	2,825	2,570	4.8	5.1	4.4
Neither English nor French	1,005	425	580	0.9	0.8	1.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	113,420	55,420	57,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	108,865	53,085	55,785	96.0	95.8	96.2
Official languages	90,915	44,310	46,605	80.2	80.0	80.4
English	4,020	2,070	1,950	3.5	3.7	3.4
French	86,890	42,240	44,650	76.6	76.2	77.0
Non-official languages	17,950	8,770	9,180	15.8	15.8	15.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,945	8,770	9,180	15.8	15.8	15.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,685	1,940	1,745	3.2	3.5	3.0
Berber languages	630	330	300	0.6	0.6	0.5
Kabyle	570	305	270	0.5	0.6	0.5
Tamazight	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,025	1,595	1,430	2.7	2.9	2.5
Amharic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	3,010	1,590	1,425	2.7	2.9	2.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	655	305	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	540	255	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	225	85	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	1,295	585	705	1.1	1.1	1.2
Haitian Creole	935	425	510	0.8	0.8	0.9
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,720	4,695	5,030	8.6	8.5	8.7
Albanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,265	590	675	1.1	1.1	1.2
Baltic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,255	590	665	1.1	1.1	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	135	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	775	365	415	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	160	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	135	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,110	560	555	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	285	145	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	825	415	410	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	785	390	390	0.7	0.7	0.7
Dari	475	230	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iranian Persian	255	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,965	3,350	3,615	6.1	6.0	6.2
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	495	240	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	745	365	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Romanian	875	415	465	0.8	0.7	0.8
Spanish	4,840	2,330	2,515	4.3	4.2	4.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	920	475	440	0.8	0.9	0.8
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lingala	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	225	130	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	975	455	515	0.9	0.8	0.9
Chinese languages	950	450	505	0.8	0.8	0.9
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	605	285	325	0.5	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	275	120	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,555	2,340	2,210	4.0	4.2	3.8
English and French	1,670	880	790	1.5	1.6	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	330	175	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	2,050	1,020	1,025	1.8	1.8	1.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	365	195	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	113,420	55,420	57,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,245	1,680	1,570	2.9	3.0	2.7
French	83,220	40,335	42,880	73.4	72.8	73.9
Non-official language	5,240	2,530	2,715	4.6	4.6	4.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,240	2,530	2,715	4.6	4.6	4.7
English and French	7,075	3,735	3,340	6.2	6.7	5.8
English and non-official language(s)	1,250	630	625	1.1	1.1	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	8,880	4,275	4,600	7.8	7.7	7.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	4,280	2,130	2,155	3.8	3.8	3.7
Multiple non-official languages	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	113,420	55,420	57,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	107,635	52,570	55,065	94.9	94.9	94.9
Official languages	97,665	47,725	49,935	86.1	86.1	86.1
English	5,235	2,685	2,555	4.6	4.8	4.4
French	92,425	45,045	47,385	81.5	81.3	81.7
Non-official languages	9,965	4,845	5,125	8.8	8.7	8.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,965	4,845	5,125	8.8	8.7	8.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,530	770	765	1.3	1.4	1.3
Berber languages	270	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	245	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,260	635	630	1.1	1.1	1.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,250	630	625	1.1	1.1	1.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	350	170	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	300	140	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	585	245	345	0.5	0.4	0.6
Haitian Creole	390	160	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,160	2,995	3,165	5.4	5.4	5.5
Albanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	880	450	435	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	875	445	435	0.8	0.8	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	620	310	310	0.5	0.6	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	750	365	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	165	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	590	285	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	575	285	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dari	325	160	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian Persian	225	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,425	2,135	2,290	3.9	3.9	3.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	405	190	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Romanian	590	290	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	3,325	1,610	1,710	2.9	2.9	2.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	250	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	715	355	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	710	350	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	485	240	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,785	2,850	2,935	5.1	5.1	5.1
English and French	2,035	1,030	1,005	1.8	1.9	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	485	240	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	2,660	1,300	1,365	2.3	2.3	2.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	565	265	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	113,420	55,420	57,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	96,280	46,805	49,480	84.9	84.5	85.3
English	5,120	2,730	2,385	4.5	4.9	4.1
French	4,135	2,020	2,115	3.6	3.6	3.6
Non-official language	4,610	2,210	2,400	4.1	4.0	4.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,610	2,210	2,400	4.1	4.0	4.1
English and French	960	480	480	0.8	0.9	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	1,340	675	660	1.2	1.2	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	555	275	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	295	155	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	112,490	55,095	57,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	111,435	54,620	56,815	99.1	99.1	99.0
English	61,235	32,085	29,155	54.4	58.2	50.8
French	109,070	53,395	55,685	97.0	96.9	97.0
Non-official languages	28,900	14,000	14,900	25.7	25.4	26.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	28,895	14,000	14,900	25.7	25.4	26.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,045	3,165	2,880	5.4	5.7	5.0
Berber languages	1,135	580	555	1.0	1.1	1.0
Kabyle	1,000	525	475	0.9	1.0	0.8
Tamazight	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hausa	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	5,495	2,900	2,600	4.9	5.3	4.5
Amharic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	5,420	2,870	2,550	4.8	5.2	4.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	795	370	425	0.7	0.7	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	620	290	335	0.6	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	310	135	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	50	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	165	45	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	2,760	1,225	1,530	2.5	2.2	2.7
Haitian Creole	2,365	1,045	1,315	2.1	1.9	2.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	225	90	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sango	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	325	125	205	0.3	0.2	0.4
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	155	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	95	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	16,105	7,745	8,355	14.3	14.1	14.6
Albanian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,895	945	950	1.7	1.7	1.7
Baltic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,880	940	940	1.7	1.7	1.6
Belarusian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	190	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	1,455	735	720	1.3	1.3	1.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	585	295	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	495	265	235	0.4	0.5	0.4
German	490	265	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	175	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,725	840	885	1.5	1.5	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages	645	340	305	0.6	0.6	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	295	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	195	115	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	285	150	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,190	560	630	1.1	1.0	1.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	1,185	560	620	1.1	1.0	1.1
Dari	630	305	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iranian Persian	410	175	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	155	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	12,305	5,855	6,450	10.9	10.6	11.2
Catalan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,130	535	595	1.0	1.0	1.0
Portuguese	1,100	575	525	1.0	1.0	0.9
Romanian	1,170	570	605	1.0	1.0	1.1
Spanish	9,495	4,470	5,020	8.4	8.1	8.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	205	75	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	2,080	1,035	1,045	1.8	1.9	1.8
Akan (Twi)	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bamanankan	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	150	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	350	185	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Luba-Kasai	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	160	50	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	175	65	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Wojenaka	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wolof	440	240	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Yoruba	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	555	280	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,065	485	580	0.9	0.9	1.0
Chinese languages	1,035	485	555	0.9	0.9	1.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	710	325	390	0.6	0.6	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	370	170	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	112,490	55,095	57,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,375	570	805	1.2	1.0	1.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,280	535	750	1.1	1.0	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	810	320	490	0.7	0.6	0.9
Métis	460	210	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	111,115	54,520	56,595	98.8	99.0	98.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	112,490	55,095	57,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	230	90	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	112,260	55,005	57,260	99.8	99.8	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	51,320	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	27,550	...	...	53.7	...	...
Renter	23,770	...	...	46.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	51,320	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	10,790	...	...	21.0	...	...
Not condominium	40,530	...	...	79.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	51,320	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	275	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	9,280	...	...	18.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	17,990	...	...	35.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,840	...	...	30.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	7,930	...	...	15.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	51,320	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	22,200	...	...	43.3	...	...
5 rooms	8,825	...	...	17.2	...	...
6 rooms	5,075	...	...	9.9	...	...
7 rooms	5,005	...	...	9.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,215	...	...	19.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	51,320	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	50,680	...	...	98.8	...	...
More than one person per room	645	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	51,320	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	49,190	...	...	95.8	...	...
Not suitable	2,125	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	51,320	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,240	...	...	14.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	18,860	...	...	36.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	9,985	...	...	19.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,955	...	...	9.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,960	...	...	3.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,330	...	...	4.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,640	...	...	5.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,350	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	51,320	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	48,080	...	...	93.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,240	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	51,320	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	28,905	...	...	56.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	21,305	...	...	41.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,115	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	51,320	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,515	...	...	3.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,110	...	...	13.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,275	...	...	18.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,725	...	...	17.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,205	...	...	19.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,460	...	...	16.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,680	...	...	9.1	...	...
85 years and over	1,345	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	51,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	42,695	...	...	83.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,505	...	...	16.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,900	...	...	15.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	51,320	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,855	...	...	25.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,705	...	...	15.0	...	...
Not suitable only	1,730	...	...	3.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,415	...	...	4.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	180	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	610	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	210	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	38,465	...	...	75.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	50,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,875	...	...	7.7	...	...
Not in core need	46,720	...	...	92.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	27,555	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.5	...	...	63.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.4	...	...	9.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,210	...	...	1,210	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,279	...	...	1,279	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	411,600	...	...	411,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,765	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.3	...	...	9.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.1	...	...	25.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.4	...	...	14.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	830	...	...	830	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	912	...	...	912	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	112,490	55,090	57,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,155	500	650	1.0	0.9	1.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,135	490	640	1.0	0.9	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	985	435	555	0.9	0.8	1.0
Métis single ancestry	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,565	1,135	1,430	2.3	2.1	2.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,540	1,125	1,415	2.3	2.0	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,360	1,025	1,340	2.1	1.9	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	145	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	108,770	53,460	55,310	96.7	97.0	96.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	112,490	55,090	57,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	103,825	50,750	53,075	92.3	92.1	92.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,495	10,525	9,975	18.2	19.1	17.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	83,335	40,230	43,100	74.1	73.0	75.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	8,665	4,340	4,320	7.7	7.9	7.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	112,490	55,090	57,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	87,455	42,740	44,715	77.7	77.6	77.9
Immigrants⁸¹	21,960	10,690	11,270	19.5	19.4	19.6
Before 1980	2,125	1,085	1,045	1.9	2.0	1.8
1980 to 1990	1,700	850	855	1.5	1.5	1.5
1991 to 2000	2,800	1,350	1,445	2.5	2.5	2.5
2001 to 2010	6,735	3,245	3,490	6.0	5.9	6.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	8,605	4,170	4,440	7.6	7.6	7.7
2011 to 2015	4,650	2,245	2,400	4.1	4.1	4.2
2016 to 2021	3,950	1,920	2,030	3.5	3.5	3.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,075	1,660	1,410	2.7	3.0	2.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	21,965	10,690	11,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,385	1,195	1,190	10.9	11.2	10.6
5 to 14 years	3,805	1,920	1,880	17.3	18.0	16.7
15 to 24 years	3,105	1,275	1,825	14.1	11.9	16.2
25 to 44 years	11,265	5,585	5,685	51.3	52.2	50.4
45 years and over	1,410	715	690	6.4	6.7	6.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	21,965	10,690	11,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	5,540	2,560	2,975	25.2	23.9	26.4
Brazil	250	115	135	1.1	1.1	1.2
Colombia	920	420	510	4.2	3.9	4.5
El Salvador	135	55	75	0.6	0.5	0.7
Guyana	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haiti	1,770	790	985	8.1	7.4	8.7
Jamaica	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mexico	455	210	245	2.1	2.0	2.2
Peru	450	210	245	2.0	2.0	2.2
Trinidad and Tobago	35	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
United States of America	230	105	130	1.0	1.0	1.2
Other places of birth in Americas	1,220	605	615	5.6	5.7	5.5
Europe	4,830	2,400	2,430	22.0	22.5	21.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	1,900	950	945	8.7	8.9	8.4
Germany	100	55	45	0.5	0.5	0.4
Greece	50	35	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hungary	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italy	245	105	145	1.1	1.0	1.3
Netherlands	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	120	55	65	0.5	0.5	0.6
Portugal	190	105	85	0.9	1.0	0.8
Romania	665	320	345	3.0	3.0	3.1
Russian Federation	315	145	170	1.4	1.4	1.5
Serbia⁸⁶	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	255	140	120	1.2	1.3	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	90	40	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other places of birth in Europe	770	390	375	3.5	3.6	3.3
Africa	8,250	4,150	4,100	37.6	38.8	36.4
Algeria	1,965	1,020	945	8.9	9.5	8.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	365	155	205	1.7	1.4	1.8
Egypt	170	105	65	0.8	1.0	0.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	1,605	835	770	7.3	7.8	6.8
Nigeria	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	4,100	2,005	2,090	18.7	18.8	18.5
Asia	3,320	1,570	1,755	15.1	14.7	15.6
Afghanistan	430	195	230	2.0	1.8	2.0
Iran⁸⁸	370	170	200	1.7	1.6	1.8
Iraq	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	230	120	110	1.0	1.1	1.0
Syria⁸⁹	45	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Turkey	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
China⁹⁰	470	215	250	2.1	2.0	2.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	90	45	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Taiwan	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Philippines	170	50	120	0.8	0.5	1.1
Viet Nam	450	220	230	2.0	2.1	2.0
Bangladesh	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	170	85	85	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pakistan	140	75	65	0.6	0.7	0.6
Sri Lanka	45	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Other places of birth in Asia	585	275	305	2.7	2.6	2.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,950	1,920	2,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	605	325	285	15.3	16.9	14.0
Brazil	35	20	20	0.9	1.0	1.0
Colombia	195	100	95	4.9	5.2	4.7
Haiti	110	65	50	2.8	3.4	2.5
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	50	25	20	1.3	1.3	1.0
United States of America	15	10	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	75	35	40	1.9	1.8	2.0
Other places of birth in Americas	115	60	55	2.9	3.1	2.7
Europe	635	315	315	16.1	16.4	15.5
France	395	200	195	10.0	10.4	9.6
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Russian Federation	20	15	10	0.5	0.8	0.5
Ukraine	60	25	30	1.5	1.3	1.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Other places of birth in Europe	130	70	60	3.3	3.6	2.9
Africa	2,210	1,025	1,190	55.9	53.4	58.5
Algeria	340	155	180	8.6	8.1	8.8
Burundi	55	15	40	1.4	0.8	2.0
Cameroon	515	220	290	13.0	11.5	14.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	65	35	25	1.6	1.8	1.2
Côte d'Ivoire	370	170	205	9.4	8.9	10.1
Egypt	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	250	115	135	6.3	6.0	6.6
Nigeria	25	15	10	0.6	0.8	0.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	135	65	70	3.4	3.4	3.4
Other places of birth in Africa	445	225	220	11.3	11.7	10.8
Asia	495	255	240	12.5	13.3	11.8
Afghanistan	55	35	20	1.4	1.8	1.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	85	40	40	2.2	2.1	2.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	95	60	30	2.4	3.1	1.5
Iran⁸⁸	55	20	35	1.4	1.0	1.7
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	20	10	15	0.5	0.5	0.7
Philippines	20	0	15	0.5	0.0	0.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	15	0.6	0.5	0.7
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	30	20	0	0.8	1.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	60	25	35	1.5	1.3	1.7
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	112,490	55,095	57,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	25,730	12,660	13,070	22.9	23.0	22.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	13,575	7,075	6,495	12.1	12.8	11.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	73,185	35,355	37,830	65.1	64.2	65.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	19,835	9,605	10,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	12,205	6,435	5,770	61.5	67.0	56.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	5,530	3,405	2,125	27.9	35.5	20.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	6,675	3,030	3,645	33.7	31.5	35.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,545	1,750	2,795	22.9	18.2	27.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,855	1,330	1,525	14.4	13.8	14.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	235	95	140	1.2	1.0	1.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	19,835	9,605	10,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,720	795	925	8.7	8.3	9.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,320	705	615	6.7	7.3	6.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	465	270	195	2.3	2.8	1.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	895	545	345	4.5	5.7	3.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	185	65	125	0.9	0.7	1.2
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	15,250	7,225	8,020	76.9	75.2	78.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	112,490	55,095	57,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	25,325	12,570	12,755	22.5	22.8	22.2
South Asian	830	440	395	0.7	0.8	0.7
Chinese	1,300	590	710	1.2	1.1	1.2
Black	10,420	5,125	5,295	9.3	9.3	9.2
Filipino	270	105	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Arab	4,465	2,395	2,070	4.0	4.3	3.6
Latin American	4,685	2,290	2,395	4.2	4.2	4.2
Southeast Asian	1,235	605	630	1.1	1.1	1.1
West Asian	1,065	530	540	0.9	1.0	0.9
Korean	195	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	260	150	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	530	235	295	0.5	0.4	0.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	87,165	42,525	44,640	77.5	77.2	77.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	112,485	55,095	57,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	27,730	13,355	14,380	24.7	24.2	25.1
English	1,790	860	930	1.6	1.6	1.6
Irish	4,640	2,095	2,545	4.1	3.8	4.4
Scottish	1,990	850	1,140	1.8	1.5	2.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	26,650	13,050	13,600	23.7	23.7	23.7
German	1,455	645	815	1.3	1.2	1.4
Chinese	1,530	690	840	1.4	1.3	1.5
Italian	3,500	1,810	1,690	3.1	3.3	2.9
Indian (India)	605	280	325	0.5	0.5	0.6
Ukrainian	670	315	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Dutch	255	95	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Polish	735	360	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
Québécois	12,835	6,355	6,480	11.4	11.5	11.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	230	135	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Filipino	275	90	190	0.2	0.2	0.3
French Canadian	7,165	3,400	3,760	6.4	6.2	6.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,740	835	900	1.5	1.5	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,665	740	930	1.5	1.3	1.6
Métis	325	160	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,510	775	735	1.3	1.4	1.3
Russian	895	420	470	0.8	0.8	0.8
Norwegian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	895	470	420	0.8	0.9	0.7
American	540	225	320	0.5	0.4	0.6
Spanish	1,285	660	625	1.1	1.2	1.1
Swedish	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	260	155	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Acadian	1,195	585	610	1.1	1.1	1.1
Pakistani	215	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,960	935	1,025	1.7	1.7	1.8
Jewish	215	125	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	830	400	430	0.7	0.7	0.7
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	2,040	1,105	930	1.8	2.0	1.6
Greek	345	190	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	155	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	215	85	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	105	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	185	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	995	510	485	0.9	0.9	0.8
Lebanese	560	275	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iranian	430	200	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	710	365	340	0.6	0.7	0.6
Danish	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	380	135	240	0.3	0.2	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	785	365	415	0.7	0.7	0.7
Haitian	3,520	1,710	1,805	3.1	3.1	3.1
Hindu	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mexican	870	455	415	0.8	0.8	0.7
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	340	170	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Japanese	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	170	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	440	245	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Egyptian	375	190	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	685	320	365	0.6	0.6	0.6
Tamil	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	1,285	665	620	1.1	1.2	1.1
Moroccan	1,450	740	705	1.3	1.3	1.2
Czech	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	640	310	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	260	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	1,445	765	680	1.3	1.4	1.2
Brazilian	540	275	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nigerian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iraqi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	265	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	155	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	580	280	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Congolese	540	250	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	115	30	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	635	300	330	0.6	0.5	0.6
Yoruba	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	275	150	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber	1,260	705	555	1.1	1.3	1.0
Albanian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	130	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	390	235	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	275	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	345	175	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	715	290	420	0.6	0.5	0.7
Guatemalan	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	75	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	95	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	305	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	495	230	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	65	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moldovan	255	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	120	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	280	150	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	235	140	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Huron (Wendat)	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	190	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	430	195	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	145	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mauritian	195	70	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	170	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Grenadian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	50	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Honduran	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	215	125	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamileke	520	260	255	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	205	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	190	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Beninese	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	112,490	55,095	57,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	640	260	385	0.6	0.5	0.7
Christian	68,960	32,220	36,740	61.3	58.5	64.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,115	3,595	3,520	6.3	6.5	6.1
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	175	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baptist	575	285	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Catholic	55,805	25,865	29,930	49.6	46.9	52.1
Christian Orthodox	2,075	1,050	1,030	1.8	1.9	1.8
Jehovah's Witness	460	185	270	0.4	0.3	0.5
Latter Day Saints	215	85	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	580	240	340	0.5	0.4	0.6
Presbyterian	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,735	715	1,015	1.5	1.3	1.8
Hindu	385	180	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Jewish	195	120	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Muslim	8,785	4,625	4,155	7.8	8.4	7.2
Sikh	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	385	200	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	33,095	17,460	15,635	29.4	31.7	27.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	111,390	54,535	56,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	98,375	47,985	50,395	88.3	88.0	88.6
Movers	13,010	6,555	6,455	11.7	12.0	11.4
Non-migrants	7,060	3,600	3,460	6.3	6.6	6.1
Migrants	5,950	2,955	3,000	5.3	5.4	5.3
Internal migrants	5,300	2,635	2,665	4.8	4.8	4.7
Intraprovincial migrants	4,890	2,420	2,470	4.4	4.4	4.3
Interprovincial migrants	410	210	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
External migrants	655	325	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	106,630	52,105	54,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	60,075	29,030	31,040	56.3	55.7	56.9
Movers	46,555	23,075	23,480	43.7	44.3	43.1
Non-migrants	20,345	9,835	10,505	19.1	18.9	19.3
Migrants	26,210	13,240	12,970	24.6	25.4	23.8
Internal migrants	20,480	10,320	10,155	19.2	19.8	18.6
Intraprovincial migrants	19,695	9,935	9,760	18.5	19.1	17.9
Interprovincial migrants	785	395	395	0.7	0.8	0.7
External migrants	5,730	2,915	2,820	5.4	5.6	5.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	93,605	45,395	48,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,725	9,215	8,510	18.9	20.3	17.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	75,880	36,185	39,700	81.1	79.7	82.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,205	29,820	30,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,035	4,555	3,475	13.3	15.3	11.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	52,170	25,260	26,910	86.7	84.7	88.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	93,600	45,395	48,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,645	7,830	7,815	16.7	17.2	16.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,230	9,290	9,940	20.5	20.5	20.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	58,730	28,275	30,450	62.7	62.3	63.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	33,415	16,545	16,870	35.7	36.4	35.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,950	7,495	5,455	13.8	16.5	11.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,525	4,815	4,715	10.2	10.6	9.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,420	2,680	740	3.7	5.9	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,250	7,415	8,835	17.4	16.3	18.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,215	1,640	2,580	4.5	3.6	5.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	25,315	11,730	13,580	27.0	25.8	28.2
Bachelor's degree	15,565	7,015	8,545	16.6	15.5	17.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,590	1,165	1,425	2.8	2.6	3.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	505	225	280	0.5	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	5,790	2,795	3,000	6.2	6.2	6.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	865	535	330	0.9	1.2	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,205	29,820	30,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,570	3,670	2,895	10.9	12.3	9.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,410	4,955	4,455	15.6	16.6	14.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,225	21,195	23,030	73.5	71.1	75.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,650	11,815	11,835	39.3	39.6	39.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,700	5,490	4,210	16.1	18.4	13.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,165	3,525	3,645	11.9	11.8	12.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,540	1,970	570	4.2	6.6	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,910	5,105	5,810	18.1	17.1	19.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,035	1,220	1,815	5.0	4.1	6.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,570	9,380	11,195	34.2	31.5	36.8
Bachelor's degree	12,460	5,595	6,865	20.7	18.8	22.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,165	930	1,235	3.6	3.1	4.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	375	140	230	0.6	0.5	0.8
Master's degree	4,895	2,305	2,590	8.1	7.7	8.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	675	400	275	1.1	1.3	0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	93,600	45,395	48,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	34,870	17,115	17,755	37.3	37.7	36.8
Education	3,835	825	3,010	4.1	1.8	6.2
13. Education	3,835	825	3,010	4.1	1.8	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,565	1,275	1,290	2.7	2.8	2.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	445	340	110	0.5	0.7	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	2,115	940	1,175	2.3	2.1	2.4
Humanities	3,455	1,380	2,075	3.7	3.0	4.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	555	120	430	0.6	0.3	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,615	655	965	1.7	1.4	2.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130	85	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	230	115	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	245	170	70	0.3	0.4	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	540	165	375	0.6	0.4	0.8
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,205	1,990	4,215	6.6	4.4	8.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	115	25	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,045	360	680	1.1	0.8	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,005	110	895	1.1	0.2	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	1,340	460	880	1.4	1.0	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	130	35	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	915	230	680	1.0	0.5	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,660	760	895	1.8	1.7	1.9
Business, management and public administration	14,420	5,445	8,970	15.4	12.0	18.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	665	190	480	0.7	0.4	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	13,745	5,260	8,485	14.7	11.6	17.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,280	1,250	1,030	2.4	2.8	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	790	280	505	0.8	0.6	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	380	240	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
40. Physical sciences	780	560	220	0.8	1.2	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	135	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,085	2,235	850	3.3	4.9	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,625	2,000	620	2.8	4.4	1.3
25. Library science	140	30	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	265	175	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,535	10,135	1,405	12.3	22.3	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	515	270	245	0.6	0.6	0.5
14. Engineering	3,295	2,680	615	3.5	5.9	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,270	1,950	320	2.4	4.3	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,295	2,180	110	2.5	4.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,820	1,755	60	1.9	3.9	0.1
48. Precision production	1,345	1,290	55	1.4	2.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	790	415	375	0.8	0.9	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	530	255	275	0.6	0.6	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	255	155	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	7,135	1,395	5,740	7.6	3.1	11.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	455	220	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,485	1,090	5,395	6.9	2.4	11.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	180	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,405	1,920	1,480	3.6	4.2	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,825	575	1,250	1.9	1.3	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	655	480	175	0.7	1.1	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	910	855	55	1.0	1.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	60,210	29,820	30,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,980	8,625	7,355	26.5	28.9	24.2
Education	2,500	510	1,985	4.2	1.7	6.5
13. Education	2,500	510	1,985	4.2	1.7	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,010	1,005	1,005	3.3	3.4	3.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	355	265	90	0.6	0.9	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	1,660	740	920	2.8	2.5	3.0
Humanities	2,130	895	1,230	3.5	3.0	4.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	385	90	295	0.6	0.3	1.0
23. English language and literature/letters	110	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	895	380	510	1.5	1.3	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	45	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	195	150	45	0.3	0.5	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	370	110	260	0.6	0.4	0.9
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,905	1,520	3,385	8.1	5.1	11.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	95	15	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	820	285	530	1.4	1.0	1.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	875	95	780	1.5	0.3	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	1,050	340	710	1.7	1.1	2.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	685	175	515	1.1	0.6	1.7
45. Social sciences	1,295	580	720	2.2	1.9	2.4
Business, management and public administration	11,265	4,150	7,110	18.7	13.9	23.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	490	135	355	0.8	0.5	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,760	4,010	6,750	17.9	13.4	22.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,500	810	690	2.5	2.7	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	610	220	390	1.0	0.7	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	145	95	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	50	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
40. Physical sciences	575	390	180	1.0	1.3	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,590	1,895	690	4.3	6.4	2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,280	1,725	555	3.8	5.8	1.8
25. Library science	90	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	170	115	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,870	7,630	1,245	14.7	25.6	4.1
04. Architecture and related services	425	225	200	0.7	0.8	0.7
14. Engineering	2,870	2,285	585	4.8	7.7	1.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,645	1,385	260	2.7	4.6	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,660	1,570	95	2.8	5.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,340	1,285	50	2.2	4.3	0.2
48. Precision production	925	875	50	1.5	2.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	660	335	330	1.1	1.1	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	435	205	235	0.7	0.7	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	225	130	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	5,175	995	4,180	8.6	3.3	13.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	365	150	215	0.6	0.5	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,660	780	3,880	7.7	2.6	12.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	140	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,610	1,455	1,155	4.3	4.9	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,370	395	975	2.3	1.3	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	505	370	135	0.8	1.2	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	725	680	45	1.2	2.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	60,210	29,820	30,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,980	8,625	7,355	26.5	28.9	24.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	44,225	21,195	23,030	73.5	71.1	75.8
Location of study inside Canada	36,615	17,430	19,185	60.8	58.5	63.1
Same as province or territory of residence	35,825	17,040	18,785	59.5	57.1	61.8
Different than province or territory of residence	785	390	400	1.3	1.3	1.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	7,610	3,765	3,840	12.6	12.6	12.6
Americas	1,875	870	1,005	3.1	2.9	3.3
United States of America	200	95	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mexico	210	65	145	0.3	0.2	0.5
Cuba	100	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Haiti	225	135	90	0.4	0.5	0.3
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	195	90	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
Colombia	505	230	275	0.8	0.8	0.9
Peru	135	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Americas	180	75	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Europe	2,500	1,320	1,180	4.2	4.4	3.9
Belgium	100	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	1,315	705	605	2.2	2.4	2.0
Germany	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Poland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	305	150	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian Federation	160	85	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ukraine	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	80	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	155	75	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Africa	2,360	1,210	1,150	3.9	4.1	3.8
Nigeria	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	775	390	385	1.3	1.3	1.3
Morocco	475	250	225	0.8	0.8	0.7
Tunisia	170	85	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egypt	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	885	455	430	1.5	1.5	1.4
Asia	845	355	490	1.4	1.2	1.6
Iran⁸⁸	120	35	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lebanon	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	190	85	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Taiwan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Viet Nam	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	115	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistan	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oceania	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	93,600	45,395	48,210	...	...	...
In the labour force	60,320	30,970	29,355	...	...	...
Employed	55,880	28,660	27,220	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,440	2,310	2,135	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	33,280	14,430	18,855	...	...	...
Participation rate	64.4	68.2	60.9	64.4	68.2	60.9
Employment rate	59.7	63.1	56.5	59.7	63.1	56.5
Unemployment rate	7.4	7.5	7.3	7.4	7.5	7.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	93,600	45,395	48,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	33,170	14,255	18,915	35.4	31.4	39.2
Worked	60,430	31,140	29,295	64.6	68.6	60.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	32,415	17,435	14,975	34.6	38.4	31.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,020	13,705	14,315	29.9	30.2	29.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	41.9	40.8	41.4	41.9	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	60,320	30,965	29,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,320	610	710	2.2	2.0	2.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	59,005	30,355	28,645	97.8	98.0	97.6
Employee	52,805	26,635	26,170	87.5	86.0	89.2
Permanent position	44,990	22,975	22,015	74.6	74.2	75.0
Temporary position	7,815	3,660	4,155	13.0	11.8	14.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,000	1,310	1,685	5.0	4.2	5.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,815	2,345	2,470	8.0	7.6	8.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,200	3,720	2,480	10.3	12.0	8.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	60,320	30,965	29,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,320	610	710	2.2	2.0	2.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	59,005	30,355	28,645	97.8	98.0	97.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	910	580	335	1.5	1.9	1.1
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,500	4,515	7,985	20.7	14.6	27.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,140	4,715	1,430	10.2	15.2	4.9
3 Health occupations	5,035	960	4,080	8.3	3.1	13.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,235	2,135	5,100	12.0	6.9	17.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,300	1,200	1,095	3.8	3.9	3.7
6 Sales and service occupations	13,920	6,680	7,235	23.1	21.6	24.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,565	7,765	800	14.2	25.1	2.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	345	290	55	0.6	0.9	0.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,060	1,525	535	3.4	4.9	1.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	60,320	30,965	29,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,320	610	710	2.2	2.0	2.4
All industries¹⁹¹	59,005	30,355	28,645	97.8	98.0	97.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	170	110	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	85	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
22 Utilities	650	420	230	1.1	1.4	0.8
23 Construction	3,160	2,680	485	5.2	8.7	1.7
31-33 Manufacturing	5,205	3,715	1,490	8.6	12.0	5.1
41 Wholesale trade	2,180	1,450	735	3.6	4.7	2.5
44-45 Retail trade	7,055	3,455	3,590	11.7	11.2	12.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,095	2,515	580	5.1	8.1	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	2,135	1,250	885	3.5	4.0	3.0
52 Finance and insurance	3,040	1,360	1,685	5.0	4.4	5.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	935	510	425	1.6	1.6	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,625	3,230	2,395	9.3	10.4	8.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	125	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,755	1,595	1,160	4.6	5.2	4.0
61 Educational services	4,350	1,350	3,000	7.2	4.4	10.2
62 Health care and social assistance	8,590	1,740	6,855	14.2	5.6	23.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,050	565	490	1.7	1.8	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	2,750	1,310	1,440	4.6	4.2	4.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,350	1,065	1,285	3.9	3.4	4.4
91 Public administration	3,695	1,920	1,770	6.1	6.2	6.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	64,160	32,950	31,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,405	1,395	1,010	3.7	4.2	3.2
French	41,215	20,405	20,810	64.2	61.9	66.7
Non-official language	150	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	150	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	19,305	10,535	8,770	30.1	32.0	28.1
English and non-official language(s)	110	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	300	135	170	0.5	0.4	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	665	355	310	1.0	1.1	1.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	64,160	32,950	31,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	60,655	31,040	29,615	94.5	94.2	94.9
Official languages	60,400	30,925	29,480	94.1	93.9	94.5
English	5,535	3,220	2,320	8.6	9.8	7.4
French	54,860	27,705	27,155	85.5	84.1	87.0
Non-official languages	255	120	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	255	120	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	195	95	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	135	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,505	1,910	1,595	5.5	5.8	5.1
English and French	3,375	1,855	1,520	5.3	5.6	4.9
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	64,160	32,950	31,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	47,040	23,660	23,385	73.3	71.8	74.9
English	13,200	7,100	6,105	20.6	21.5	19.6
French	3,015	1,725	1,290	4.7	5.2	4.1
Non-official language	465	220	240	0.7	0.7	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	465	220	240	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and French	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	280	130	155	0.4	0.4	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	105	85	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	55,880	28,660	27,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	14,000	6,855	7,145	25.1	23.9	26.2
Worked outside Canada	95	70	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	5,565	4,055	1,510	10.0	14.1	5.5
Usual place of work	36,220	17,675	18,545	64.8	61.7	68.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	36,220	17,675	18,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	15,940	6,790	9,155	44.0	38.4	49.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,925	3,605	3,320	19.1	20.4	17.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	13,320	7,260	6,055	36.8	41.1	32.7
Commute to a different province or territory	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	41,785	21,735	20,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	32,260	17,540	14,720	77.2	80.7	73.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	30,275	16,800	13,480	72.5	77.3	67.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,980	740	1,235	4.7	3.4	6.2
Public transit	6,370	2,670	3,700	15.2	12.3	18.4
Walked	1,950	775	1,175	4.7	3.6	5.9
Bicycle	620	435	180	1.5	2.0	0.9
Other method	590	305	280	1.4	1.4	1.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	41,785	21,735	20,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	10,155	4,625	5,530	24.3	21.3	27.6
15 to 29 minutes	16,075	8,190	7,885	38.5	37.7	39.3
30 to 44 minutes	9,035	5,395	3,640	21.6	24.8	18.2
45 to 59 minutes	3,815	2,110	1,705	9.1	9.7	8.5
60 minutes and over	2,705	1,415	1,295	6.5	6.5	6.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	41,785	21,735	20,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,160	2,460	700	7.6	11.3	3.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,990	4,275	2,715	16.7	19.7	13.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,520	5,370	6,150	27.6	24.7	30.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,350	3,415	4,930	20.0	15.7	24.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,780	2,110	2,665	11.4	9.7	13.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,995	4,105	2,895	16.7	18.9	14.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,570	11,615	10,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,830	1,395	1,435	12.5	12.0	13.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,740	10,220	9,525	87.5	88.0	86.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,210	8,320	7,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,115	1,050	1,060	13.0	12.6	13.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,560	775	780	9.6	9.3	9.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	555	275	280	3.4	3.3	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,095	7,270	6,820	87.0	87.4	86.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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