Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Longueuil--Charles-LeMoyneMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	112,260	55,500	56,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,235	9,745	9,490	17.1	17.6	16.7
0 to 4 years	6,460	3,220	3,240	5.8	5.8	5.7
5 to 9 years	6,630	3,360	3,270	5.9	6.1	5.8
10 to 14 years	6,145	3,165	2,980	5.5	5.7	5.3
15 to 64 years	73,285	36,840	36,445	65.3	66.4	64.2
15 to 19 years	5,350	2,690	2,655	4.8	4.8	4.7
20 to 24 years	6,415	3,145	3,270	5.7	5.7	5.8
25 to 29 years	7,980	4,050	3,930	7.1	7.3	6.9
30 to 34 years	8,480	4,255	4,225	7.6	7.7	7.4
35 to 39 years	8,330	4,140	4,200	7.4	7.5	7.4
40 to 44 years	8,335	4,300	4,035	7.4	7.7	7.1
45 to 49 years	7,085	3,635	3,450	6.3	6.5	6.1
50 to 54 years	6,410	3,250	3,160	5.7	5.9	5.6
55 to 59 years	7,480	3,795	3,690	6.7	6.8	6.5
60 to 64 years	7,420	3,590	3,830	6.6	6.5	6.7
65 years and over	19,740	8,915	10,825	17.6	16.1	19.1
65 to 69 years	6,395	3,075	3,320	5.7	5.5	5.8
70 to 74 years	5,345	2,385	2,955	4.8	4.3	5.2
75 to 79 years	3,895	1,845	2,055	3.5	3.3	3.6
80 to 84 years	2,360	990	1,370	2.1	1.8	2.4
85 years and over	1,745	620	1,125	1.6	1.1	2.0
85 to 89 years	1,170	465	700	1.0	0.8	1.2
90 to 94 years	445	135	310	0.4	0.2	0.5
95 to 99 years	115	15	95	0.1	0.0	0.2
100 years and over	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.1	17.6	16.7	17.1	17.6	16.7
15 to 64 years	65.3	66.4	64.2	65.3	66.4	64.2
65 years and over	17.6	16.1	19.1	17.6	16.1	19.1
85 years and over	1.6	1.1	2.0	1.6	1.1	2.0
Average age of the population	40.8	40.1	41.5	40.8	40.1	41.5
Median age of the population	40.0	39.6	40.8	40.0	39.6	40.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	50,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	14,915	...	...	29.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,395	...	...	4.7	...	...
Row house	1,715	...	...	3.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,685	...	...	7.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	24,185	...	...	47.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	3,255	...	...	6.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	365	...	...	0.7	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	50,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	18,640	...	...	36.9	...	...
2 persons	16,255	...	...	32.2	...	...
3 persons	7,020	...	...	13.9	...	...
4 persons	5,455	...	...	10.8	...	...
5 or more persons	3,160	...	...	6.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	111,305	55,125	56,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	93,020	45,760	47,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	47,695	23,960	23,740	51.3	52.4	50.2
Married	29,270	14,690	14,575	31.5	32.1	30.8
Living common-law	18,430	9,265	9,165	19.8	20.2	19.4
Living common law - Never married	15,425	7,765	7,660	16.6	17.0	16.2
Living common law - Separated	245	125	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	2,505	1,265	1,240	2.7	2.8	2.6
Living common law - Widowed	255	110	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	45,325	21,800	23,530	48.7	47.6	49.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	31,730	17,130	14,600	34.1	37.4	30.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,780	790	995	1.9	1.7	2.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,510	2,815	4,690	8.1	6.2	9.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,305	1,065	3,245	4.6	2.3	6.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,720	...	...	52.5	...	...
3 persons	6,580	...	...	22.0	...	...
4 persons	5,110	...	...	17.1	...	...
5 or more persons	2,510	...	...	8.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	23,325	...	...	78.0	...	...
Married couples	14,120	...	...	47.2	...	...
With children⁶	7,535	...	...	25.2	...	...
Without children	6,585	...	...	22.0	...	...
Common-law couples	9,205	...	...	30.8	...	...
With children⁶	4,225	...	...	14.1	...	...
Without children	4,985	...	...	16.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,595	...	...	22.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,120	...	...	17.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,475	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	111,305	55,125	56,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	85,085	41,690	43,395	76.4	75.6	77.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	46,650	23,415	23,235	41.9	42.5	41.4
Parents in one-parent families	6,595	1,475	5,115	5.9	2.7	9.1
Children⁶	31,840	16,800	15,045	28.6	30.5	26.8
In a two-parent family	21,990	11,435	10,560	19.8	20.7	18.8
In a one-parent family	9,855	5,370	4,485	8.9	9.7	8.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	26,220	13,435	12,785	23.6	24.4	22.8
Living alone	18,640	9,275	9,365	16.7	16.8	16.7
Living with other relatives⁷	3,055	1,385	1,670	2.7	2.5	3.0
Living with non-relatives only	4,525	2,775	1,745	4.1	5.0	3.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	50,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,160	...	...	53.8	...	...
Couple-family households	21,650	...	...	42.9	...	...
With children⁶	10,925	...	...	21.6	...	...
Without children	10,730	...	...	21.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,510	...	...	10.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	835	...	...	1.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	150	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,280	...	...	2.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,460	...	...	4.9	...	...
One-person households	18,645	...	...	36.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	92,080	45,385	46,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,245	43,980	45,270	96.9	96.9	97.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	41,600	35,200	38,400	41,600	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,265	43,985	45,280	96.9	96.9	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	36,400	32,000	34,400	36,400	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,185	39,375	38,805	84.9	86.8	83.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,800	36,000	25,800	30,800	36,000	25,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,865	33,685	31,180	70.4	74.2	66.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,000	29,400	33,600	38,000	29,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,545	36,185	40,360	83.1	79.7	86.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,600	10,000	13,000	11,600	10,000	13,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,590	5,910	5,680	12.6	13.0	12.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,560	5,520	5,480	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,365	14,900	13,465	30.8	32.8	28.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	91,905	45,290	46,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,165	43,910	45,255	97.0	97.0	97.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,240	48,200	40,360	44,240	48,200	40,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,180	43,915	45,265	97.0	97.0	97.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	40,040	35,200	37,600	40,040	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,060	39,275	38,785	84.9	86.7	83.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,160	43,520	32,720	38,160	43,520	32,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,590	33,650	30,935	70.3	74.3	66.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,760	43,960	35,200	39,760	43,960	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,525	36,125	40,400	83.3	79.8	86.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,590	11,250	13,800	12,590	11,250	13,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,700	5,930	5,775	12.7	13.1	12.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,750	6,050	7,470	6,750	6,050	7,470
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,905	14,635	13,270	30.4	32.3	28.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,710	8,670	8,750	8,710	8,670	8,750
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	91,905	45,290	46,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,250	15,985	13,270	31.8	35.3	28.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	57,600	50,000	54,000	57,600	50,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,000	64,300	54,750	60,000	64,300	54,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,865	13,780	14,080	30.3	30.4	30.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	21,400	16,600	18,800	21,400	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,380	28,480	22,360	25,380	28,480	22,360
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	75.6	80.8	69.4	75.6	80.8	69.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.2	69.8	59.6	65.2	69.8	59.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.4	19.2	30.5	24.4	19.2	30.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.7	2.4	2.0	1.7	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.1	6.7	7.6	7.1	6.7	7.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.2	6.0	6.4	6.2	6.0	6.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	92,080	45,385	46,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,835	1,410	1,420	3.1	3.1	3.0
With total income	89,245	43,975	45,270	96.9	96.9	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,315	2,855	3,460	7.1	6.5	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	11,180	4,885	6,295	12.5	11.1	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	15,935	6,980	8,955	17.8	15.9	19.8
$30,000 to $39,999	13,385	6,340	7,045	15.0	14.4	15.6
$40,000 to $49,999	12,480	6,140	6,340	14.0	13.9	14.0
$50,000 to $59,999	9,400	4,780	4,625	10.5	10.9	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	6,435	3,450	2,985	7.2	7.8	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,400	2,540	1,855	4.9	5.8	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,210	1,860	1,345	3.6	4.2	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,100	1,240	860	2.3	2.8	1.9
$100,000 and over	4,415	2,915	1,495	4.9	6.6	3.3
$100,000 to $149,999	3,515	2,280	1,240	3.9	5.2	2.7
$150,000 and over	895	640	260	1.0	1.4	0.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	92,080	45,385	46,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,815	1,400	1,410	3.1	3.1	3.0
With after-tax income	89,265	43,985	45,280	96.9	96.9	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,625	2,960	3,665	7.4	6.7	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	11,740	5,165	6,575	13.2	11.7	14.5
$20,000 to $29,999	19,035	8,565	10,475	21.3	19.5	23.1
$30,000 to $39,999	16,500	8,130	8,370	18.5	18.5	18.5
$40,000 to $49,999	14,025	7,205	6,825	15.7	16.4	15.1
$50,000 to $59,999	8,800	4,670	4,125	9.9	10.6	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	5,430	2,985	2,445	6.1	6.8	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	3,160	1,785	1,375	3.5	4.0	3.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,685	1,035	650	1.9	2.3	1.4
$90,000 to $99,999	895	555	340	1.0	1.3	0.8
$100,000 and over	1,375	945	430	1.5	2.1	0.9
$100,000 to $124,999	875	585	290	1.0	1.3	0.6
$125,000 and over	500	355	145	0.6	0.8	0.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	92,080	45,385	46,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	27,210	11,700	15,510	29.6	25.8	33.2
With employment income	64,865	33,685	31,180	70.5	74.2	66.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,425	4,245	4,180	13.0	12.6	13.4
$5,000 to $9,999	5,640	2,520	3,120	8.7	7.5	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	8,540	3,890	4,650	13.2	11.5	14.9
$20,000 to $29,999	7,280	3,410	3,870	11.2	10.1	12.4
$30,000 to $39,999	7,195	3,560	3,640	11.1	10.6	11.7
$40,000 to $49,999	7,260	3,690	3,570	11.2	11.0	11.4
$50,000 to $59,999	5,810	3,230	2,575	9.0	9.6	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,215	2,460	1,750	6.5	7.3	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	3,100	1,900	1,200	4.8	5.6	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,425	1,425	995	3.7	4.2	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,540	985	555	2.4	2.9	1.8
$100,000 and over	3,445	2,375	1,070	5.3	7.0	3.4
$100,000 to $124,999	2,010	1,340	670	3.1	4.0	2.1
$125,000 and over	1,435	1,035	400	2.2	3.1	1.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	92,080	45,385	46,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,535	43,115	44,420	95.1	95.0	95.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,800	31,400	34,800	38,800	31,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,560	43,125	44,440	95.1	95.0	95.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	34,400	28,800	31,400	34,400	28,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,940	38,810	38,130	83.6	85.5	81.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	36,800	27,000	31,800	36,800	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,285	33,340	30,950	69.8	73.5	66.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,400	30,000	34,000	38,400	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,185	32,500	37,685	76.2	71.6	80.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,000	4,120	9,000	7,000	4,120	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,095	4,685	4,410	9.9	10.3	9.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,720	4,400	5,160	4,720	4,400	5,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	91,905	45,290	46,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,445	43,010	44,435	95.1	95.0	95.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,080	45,480	36,800	41,080	45,480	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,470	43,015	44,460	95.2	95.0	95.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,880	37,760	32,120	34,880	37,760	32,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,695	38,645	38,045	83.5	85.3	81.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,520	44,200	32,720	38,520	44,200	32,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,095	33,365	30,725	69.7	73.7	65.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,840	44,440	34,880	39,840	44,440	34,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,150	32,330	37,820	76.3	71.4	81.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,100	7,670	10,330	9,100	7,670	10,330
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,085	4,615	4,465	9.9	10.2	9.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,490	5,700	7,300	6,490	5,700	7,300
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	91,905	45,290	46,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,060	15,860	13,200	31.6	35.0	28.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,800	53,200	45,200	48,800	53,200	45,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	55,300	59,900	49,720	55,300	59,900	49,720
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,880	12,845	13,030	28.2	28.4	28.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	27,600	21,600	24,200	27,600	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,280	34,320	26,240	30,280	34,320	26,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.2	87.4	76.2	82.2	87.4	76.2
Employment income (%)	71.2	75.8	65.6	71.2	75.8	65.6
Government transfers (%)	17.8	12.7	23.9	17.8	12.7	23.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.4	2.0	1.6	1.4	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	50,525	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	58,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	18,645	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	31,885	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	50,515	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,100	...	...	78,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,400	...	...	66,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	18,705	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,960	...	...	43,960	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,240	...	...	37,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	31,810	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,100	...	...	98,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,500	...	...	83,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	50,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	475	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	365	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	820	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,395	...	...	2.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,065	...	...	6.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,060	...	...	4.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,180	...	...	4.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,295	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,625	...	...	5.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,640	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,775	...	...	9.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,210	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,680	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,345	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,870	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,725	...	...	27.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,520	...	...	10.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,480	...	...	6.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,200	...	...	6.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,525	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	50,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	530	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	375	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	840	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,455	...	...	2.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,325	...	...	6.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,635	...	...	5.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,585	...	...	5.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,105	...	...	6.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,150	...	...	6.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,925	...	...	5.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,340	...	...	10.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,610	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,055	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,505	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,885	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,205	...	...	18.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,785	...	...	9.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,395	...	...	4.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,020	...	...	4.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	30,150	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,850	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,820	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,310	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...	58,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	23,160	12,050	11,110	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	39,200	34,000	36,400	39,200	34,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	34,400	31,000	32,800	34,400	31,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	30,130	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,400	...	...	98,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,600	...	...	83,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,885	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,100	...	...	90,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,800	...	...	75,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,760	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,800	...	...	121,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	102,700	...	...	102,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,330	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,200	...	...	71,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,900	...	...	62,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	23,205	12,055	11,155	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,120	44,360	39,680	42,120	44,360	39,680
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,880	37,160	34,480	35,880	37,160	34,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	111,305	55,125	56,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,430	11,355	11,070	20.2	20.6	19.7
0 to 5 years	7,790	3,890	3,900	7.0	7.1	6.9
18 to 64 years	69,820	35,040	34,785	62.7	63.6	61.9
65 years and over	19,055	8,730	10,325	17.1	15.8	18.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	15,595	7,350	8,245	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,185	1,630	1,550	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,145	575	570	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	8,420	4,225	4,200	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,995	1,500	2,495	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.0	13.3	14.7	14.0	13.3	14.7
0 to 17 years (%)	14.2	14.4	14.0	14.2	14.4	14.0
0 to 5 years (%)	14.7	14.8	14.6	14.7	14.8	14.6
18 to 64 years (%)	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.1
65 years and over (%)	21.0	17.1	24.2	21.0	17.1	24.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	111,305	55,125	56,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,430	11,355	11,070	20.2	20.6	19.7
0 to 5 years	7,790	3,890	3,900	7.0	7.1	6.9
18 to 64 years	69,820	35,040	34,785	62.7	63.6	61.9
65 years and over	19,055	8,730	10,325	17.1	15.8	18.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	9,210	4,630	4,580	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,675	840	835	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	605	305	300	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,065	3,220	2,840	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,465	565	900	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.3	8.4	8.2	8.3	8.4	8.2
0 to 17 years (%)	7.5	7.4	7.6	7.5	7.4	7.6
0 to 5 years (%)	7.7	7.8	7.7	7.7	7.8	7.7
18 to 64 years (%)	8.7	9.2	8.2	8.7	9.2	8.2
65 years and over (%)	7.7	6.5	8.7	7.7	6.5	8.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	111,305	55,130	56,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	72,035	34,945	37,095	64.7	63.4	66.0
In bottom decile	13,740	6,635	7,105	12.3	12.0	12.6
In second decile	14,115	6,640	7,475	12.7	12.0	13.3
In third decile	15,345	7,385	7,965	13.8	13.4	14.2
In fourth decile	15,180	7,520	7,660	13.6	13.6	13.6
In fifth decile	13,650	6,765	6,890	12.3	12.3	12.3
In top half of the distribution	39,270	20,185	19,085	35.3	36.6	34.0
In sixth decile	11,770	5,955	5,820	10.6	10.8	10.4
In seventh decile	10,585	5,465	5,120	9.5	9.9	9.1
In eighth decile	8,070	4,145	3,925	7.3	7.5	7.0
In ninth decile	5,860	3,020	2,840	5.3	5.5	5.1
In top decile	2,980	1,600	1,380	2.7	2.9	2.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	111,305	...	...	111,305	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.286	...	...	0.286	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.431	...	...	0.431	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.248	...	...	0.248	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	111,475	55,230	56,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	5,560	2,865	2,695	5.0	5.2	4.8
French only	47,375	21,845	25,535	42.5	39.6	45.4
English and French	57,095	29,945	27,155	51.2	54.2	48.3
Neither English nor French	1,445	575	865	1.3	1.0	1.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	111,475	55,230	56,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	14,460	7,315	7,145	13.0	13.2	12.7
French	88,880	43,830	45,055	79.7	79.4	80.1
English and French	6,740	3,535	3,205	6.0	6.4	5.7
Neither English nor French	1,395	550	845	1.3	1.0	1.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	111,475	55,230	56,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	105,785	52,390	53,395	94.9	94.9	94.9
Official languages	83,745	41,710	42,035	75.1	75.5	74.7
English	9,255	4,690	4,565	8.3	8.5	8.1
French	74,495	37,020	37,475	66.8	67.0	66.6
Non-official languages	22,040	10,675	11,360	19.8	19.3	20.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	22,025	10,670	11,350	19.8	19.3	20.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,135	2,170	1,960	3.7	3.9	3.5
Berber languages	475	230	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kabyle	430	205	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamazight	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,610	1,910	1,695	3.2	3.5	3.0
Amharic	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	3,580	1,895	1,690	3.2	3.4	3.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	610	285	330	0.5	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Vietnamese	460	215	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	295	115	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	155	50	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	1,535	690	845	1.4	1.2	1.5
Haitian Creole	1,070	455	610	1.0	0.8	1.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	180	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sango	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	260	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,660	5,665	5,995	10.5	10.3	10.7
Albanian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,485	685	795	1.3	1.2	1.4
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,470	680	790	1.3	1.2	1.4
Belarusian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	190	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	800	375	425	0.7	0.7	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	185	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	305	165	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	1,910	980	930	1.7	1.8	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages	600	320	285	0.5	0.6	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	165	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,305	660	640	1.2	1.2	1.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	1,265	640	625	1.1	1.2	1.1
Dari	840	425	410	0.8	0.8	0.7
Iranian Persian	320	160	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,685	3,690	3,995	6.9	6.7	7.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	410	210	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	940	440	500	0.8	0.8	0.9
Romanian	960	475	485	0.9	0.9	0.9
Spanish	5,375	2,565	2,815	4.8	4.6	5.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,145	560	585	1.0	1.0	1.0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	170	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Yoruba	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,885	850	1,035	1.7	1.5	1.8
Chinese languages	1,855	830	1,020	1.7	1.5	1.8
Hakka	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,100	490	605	1.0	0.9	1.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	615	275	335	0.6	0.5	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	205	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lao	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Thai	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,690	2,835	2,855	5.1	5.1	5.1
English and French	2,310	1,165	1,150	2.1	2.1	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	600	290	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	2,120	1,060	1,065	1.9	1.9	1.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	495	250	245	0.4	0.5	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	170	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	111,475	55,230	56,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	8,700	4,370	4,330	7.8	7.9	7.7
French	70,255	34,800	35,455	63.0	63.0	63.0
Non-official language	7,110	3,440	3,670	6.4	6.2	6.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	7,110	3,440	3,670	6.4	6.2	6.5
English and French	8,255	4,360	3,900	7.4	7.9	6.9
English and non-official language(s)	2,300	1,160	1,140	2.1	2.1	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	9,125	4,280	4,845	8.2	7.7	8.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	5,365	2,660	2,700	4.8	4.8	4.8
Multiple non-official languages	365	155	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	111,475	55,230	56,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	104,700	51,915	52,785	93.9	94.0	93.8
Official languages	91,740	45,635	46,105	82.3	82.6	82.0
English	11,910	5,970	5,945	10.7	10.8	10.6
French	79,835	39,665	40,165	71.6	71.8	71.4
Non-official languages	12,960	6,280	6,680	11.6	11.4	11.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,955	6,275	6,675	11.6	11.4	11.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,875	965	915	1.7	1.7	1.6
Berber languages	175	80	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kabyle	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,675	865	810	1.5	1.6	1.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,670	870	805	1.5	1.6	1.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	375	185	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	305	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	635	280	350	0.6	0.5	0.6
Haitian Creole	430	175	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,680	3,730	3,950	6.9	6.8	7.0
Albanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,020	490	535	0.9	0.9	1.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,020	490	535	0.9	0.9	1.0
Belarusian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	165	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	660	330	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,395	705	695	1.3	1.3	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	380	185	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,020	515	500	0.9	0.9	0.9
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	980	500	475	0.9	0.9	0.8
Dari	630	325	305	0.6	0.6	0.5
Iranian Persian	260	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,050	2,435	2,615	4.5	4.4	4.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	575	275	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	630	315	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Spanish	3,745	1,800	1,945	3.4	3.3	3.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	340	170	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lingala	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,485	685	800	1.3	1.2	1.4
Chinese languages	1,465	675	790	1.3	1.2	1.4
Hakka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	895	415	480	0.8	0.8	0.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	475	215	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,775	3,310	3,465	6.1	6.0	6.2
English and French	2,450	1,245	1,205	2.2	2.3	2.1
English and non-official language(s)	745	365	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	2,790	1,305	1,485	2.5	2.4	2.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	735	360	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	111,475	55,230	56,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	91,340	45,205	46,135	81.9	81.8	82.0
English	5,765	3,050	2,715	5.2	5.5	4.8
French	5,095	2,460	2,630	4.6	4.5	4.7
Non-official language	5,165	2,435	2,730	4.6	4.4	4.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,160	2,435	2,730	4.6	4.4	4.9
English and French	1,210	640	570	1.1	1.2	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	1,680	850	830	1.5	1.5	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	765	350	410	0.7	0.6	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	325	170	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	111,075	55,020	56,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	109,545	54,365	55,175	98.6	98.8	98.4
English	62,345	32,505	29,840	56.1	59.1	53.2
French	104,135	51,615	52,525	93.8	93.8	93.7
Non-official languages	33,555	16,360	17,195	30.2	29.7	30.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	33,530	16,345	17,185	30.2	29.7	30.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,580	3,445	3,140	5.9	6.3	5.6
Berber languages	845	415	425	0.8	0.8	0.8
Kabyle	735	355	380	0.7	0.6	0.7
Tamazight	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hausa	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	6,110	3,210	2,900	5.5	5.8	5.2
Amharic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	6,040	3,185	2,855	5.4	5.8	5.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	790	385	410	0.7	0.7	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	630	310	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	510	200	305	0.5	0.4	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	315	105	210	0.3	0.2	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	3,645	1,675	1,965	3.3	3.0	3.5
Haitian Creole	3,040	1,370	1,670	2.7	2.5	3.0
Jamaican English Creole	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	315	160	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sango	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	395	215	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Creole languages, n.i.e.	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dravidian languages	250	140	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	17,415	8,575	8,845	15.7	15.6	15.8
Albanian	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	1,895	910	985	1.7	1.7	1.8
Baltic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,885	905	980	1.7	1.6	1.7
Belarusian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	330	175	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Czech	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	180	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	1,285	620	665	1.2	1.1	1.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	190	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	535	265	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	425	230	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	425	230	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	470	235	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	2,365	1,230	1,135	2.1	2.2	2.0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,015	545	475	0.9	1.0	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	150	90	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	580	285	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	260	155	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,540	795	750	1.4	1.4	1.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	1,470	750	715	1.3	1.4	1.3
Dari	1,000	510	490	0.9	0.9	0.9
Iranian Persian	345	190	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	12,540	6,135	6,405	11.3	11.2	11.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,120	625	500	1.0	1.1	0.9
Portuguese	1,560	780	780	1.4	1.4	1.4
Romanian	1,065	535	525	1.0	1.0	0.9
Spanish	9,460	4,565	4,895	8.5	8.3	8.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	150	50	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	210	85	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	2,440	1,150	1,285	2.2	2.1	2.3
Akan (Twi)	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	155	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	185	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lingala	405	200	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Luba-Kasai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	320	120	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	305	105	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Wojenaka	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wolof	370	205	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Yoruba	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	635	305	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Nilo-Saharan languages	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
African, n.o.s.	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,445	1,110	1,335	2.2	2.0	2.4
Chinese languages	2,420	1,095	1,330	2.2	2.0	2.4
Hakka	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,600	720	880	1.4	1.3	1.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	145	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	915	430	485	0.8	0.8	0.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	185	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lao	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Thai	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	245	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	190	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,070	55,015	56,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,600	785	815	1.4	1.4	1.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,535	755	775	1.4	1.4	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	820	380	440	0.7	0.7	0.8
Métis	665	360	305	0.6	0.7	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	109,470	54,235	55,240	98.6	98.6	98.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,070	55,015	56,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	110,845	54,910	55,935	99.8	99.8	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	50,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	22,725	...	...	45.0	...	...
Renter	27,795	...	...	55.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	50,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,895	...	...	13.6	...	...
Not condominium	43,615	...	...	86.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	50,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	335	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	9,755	...	...	19.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	17,050	...	...	33.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,240	...	...	32.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	7,130	...	...	14.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	50,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	22,800	...	...	45.1	...	...
5 rooms	10,410	...	...	20.6	...	...
6 rooms	4,645	...	...	9.2	...	...
7 rooms	4,545	...	...	9.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	8,105	...	...	16.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.2	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	50,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	49,575	...	...	98.1	...	...
More than one person per room	945	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	50,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	47,890	...	...	94.8	...	...
Not suitable	2,625	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	50,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	10,885	...	...	21.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	23,985	...	...	47.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,590	...	...	11.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,365	...	...	6.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,125	...	...	2.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,280	...	...	2.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,465	...	...	2.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,805	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	50,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	46,440	...	...	91.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,075	...	...	8.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	50,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	29,250	...	...	57.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,725	...	...	39.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,540	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	50,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,555	...	...	3.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	8,110	...	...	16.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,820	...	...	19.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,470	...	...	16.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,575	...	...	19.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,655	...	...	15.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,195	...	...	8.3	...	...
85 years and over	1,130	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	50,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	40,940	...	...	81.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,370	...	...	18.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,720	...	...	17.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	50,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,800	...	...	29.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,405	...	...	16.6	...	...
Not suitable only	2,050	...	...	4.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,095	...	...	6.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	270	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	675	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	290	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	35,715	...	...	70.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	49,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,860	...	...	9.8	...	...
Not in core need	44,790	...	...	90.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	22,720	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.7	...	...	64.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.9	...	...	11.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,180	...	...	1,180	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,205	...	...	1,205	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	352,000	...	...	352,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	384,400	...	...	384,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	27,790	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.2	...	...	24.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	15.7	...	...	15.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	840	...	...	840	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	883	...	...	883	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	111,070	55,020	56,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,335	640	695	1.2	1.2	1.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,325	635	695	1.2	1.2	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,165	575	595	1.0	1.0	1.1
Métis single ancestry	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,735	1,240	1,495	2.5	2.3	2.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,725	1,235	1,490	2.5	2.2	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,545	1,170	1,380	2.3	2.1	2.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	165	60	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	106,995	53,130	53,860	96.3	96.6	96.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	111,070	55,020	56,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	99,550	49,390	50,155	89.6	89.8	89.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,945	10,240	9,700	18.0	18.6	17.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	79,605	39,150	40,450	71.7	71.2	72.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	11,520	5,625	5,895	10.4	10.2	10.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	111,070	55,020	56,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	81,315	40,370	40,940	73.2	73.4	73.0
Immigrants⁸¹	25,805	12,640	13,170	23.2	23.0	23.5
Before 1980	2,920	1,445	1,475	2.6	2.6	2.6
1980 to 1990	2,200	1,065	1,135	2.0	1.9	2.0
1991 to 2000	3,110	1,550	1,565	2.8	2.8	2.8
2001 to 2010	6,825	3,380	3,450	6.1	6.1	6.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	10,745	5,200	5,545	9.7	9.5	9.9
2011 to 2015	5,295	2,610	2,680	4.8	4.7	4.8
2016 to 2021	5,450	2,585	2,870	4.9	4.7	5.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,950	2,010	1,945	3.6	3.7	3.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	25,805	12,640	13,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,545	1,325	1,225	9.9	10.5	9.3
5 to 14 years	4,330	2,210	2,120	16.8	17.5	16.1
15 to 24 years	4,155	1,860	2,300	16.1	14.7	17.5
25 to 44 years	13,020	6,385	6,635	50.5	50.5	50.4
45 years and over	1,755	860	895	6.8	6.8	6.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	25,805	12,640	13,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	6,945	3,270	3,680	26.9	25.9	27.9
Brazil	265	120	145	1.0	0.9	1.1
Colombia	1,130	535	595	4.4	4.2	4.5
El Salvador	220	120	100	0.9	0.9	0.8
Guyana	85	35	55	0.3	0.3	0.4
Haiti	2,245	1,005	1,240	8.7	8.0	9.4
Jamaica	65	30	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mexico	460	215	240	1.8	1.7	1.8
Peru	360	155	200	1.4	1.2	1.5
Trinidad and Tobago	125	60	70	0.5	0.5	0.5
United States of America	250	100	150	1.0	0.8	1.1
Other places of birth in Americas	1,745	900	845	6.8	7.1	6.4
Europe	5,060	2,600	2,460	19.6	20.6	18.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatia	65	25	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
France	1,605	835	765	6.2	6.6	5.8
Germany	95	45	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Greece	210	120	95	0.8	0.9	0.7
Hungary	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italy	230	130	100	0.9	1.0	0.8
Netherlands	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Poland	85	50	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
Portugal	415	205	210	1.6	1.6	1.6
Romania	755	380	380	2.9	3.0	2.9
Russian Federation	205	95	110	0.8	0.8	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	235	140	100	0.9	1.1	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	185	90	95	0.7	0.7	0.7
Other places of birth in Europe	905	455	450	3.5	3.6	3.4
Africa	8,485	4,350	4,135	32.9	34.4	31.4
Algeria	1,525	745	780	5.9	5.9	5.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	420	205	205	1.6	1.6	1.6
Egypt	320	195	125	1.2	1.5	0.9
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Morocco	1,795	965	830	7.0	7.6	6.3
Nigeria	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	4,370	2,205	2,165	16.9	17.4	16.4
Asia	5,285	2,400	2,885	20.5	19.0	21.9
Afghanistan	765	400	365	3.0	3.2	2.8
Iran⁸⁸	235	115	120	0.9	0.9	0.9
Iraq	50	30	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Lebanon	285	150	135	1.1	1.2	1.0
Syria⁸⁹	175	90	90	0.7	0.7	0.7
Turkey	85	45	40	0.3	0.4	0.3
China⁹⁰	1,130	500	630	4.4	4.0	4.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	160	50	110	0.6	0.4	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	120	40	80	0.5	0.3	0.6
Taiwan	75	45	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Philippines	295	100	195	1.1	0.8	1.5
Viet Nam	505	240	260	2.0	1.9	2.0
Bangladesh	90	50	45	0.3	0.4	0.3
India	385	205	185	1.5	1.6	1.4
Pakistan	150	75	75	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sri Lanka	50	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	735	260	475	2.8	2.1	3.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	5,450	2,585	2,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	985	470	520	18.1	18.2	18.2
Brazil	65	25	40	1.2	1.0	1.4
Colombia	220	110	110	4.0	4.3	3.8
Haiti	250	125	130	4.6	4.8	4.5
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	90	45	40	1.7	1.7	1.4
United States of America	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	95	35	65	1.7	1.4	2.3
Other places of birth in Americas	245	120	125	4.5	4.6	4.4
Europe	540	270	265	9.9	10.4	9.2
France	320	170	150	5.9	6.6	5.2
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	60	35	25	1.1	1.4	0.9
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	120	50	70	2.2	1.9	2.4
Africa	2,570	1,250	1,330	47.2	48.4	46.4
Algeria	290	115	175	5.3	4.4	6.1
Burundi	155	75	80	2.8	2.9	2.8
Cameroon	490	230	260	9.0	8.9	9.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	105	55	50	1.9	2.1	1.7
Côte d'Ivoire	455	225	230	8.3	8.7	8.0
Egypt	40	25	10	0.7	1.0	0.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	265	140	125	4.9	5.4	4.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	155	85	70	2.8	3.3	2.4
Other places of birth in Africa	615	295	320	11.3	11.4	11.2
Asia	1,345	585	760	24.7	22.6	26.5
Afghanistan	280	135	150	5.1	5.2	5.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	230	100	135	4.2	3.9	4.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	205	95	110	3.8	3.7	3.8
Iran⁸⁸	55	25	30	1.0	1.0	1.0
Iraq	15	15	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	75	25	50	1.4	1.0	1.7
Lebanon	30	10	15	0.6	0.4	0.5
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	55	30	20	1.0	1.2	0.7
Philippines	30	0	25	0.6	0.0	0.9
Saudi Arabia	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.3
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	145	70	80	2.7	2.7	2.8
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Viet Nam	50	20	30	0.9	0.8	1.0
Other places of birth in Asia	110	30	75	2.0	1.2	2.6
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	111,070	55,015	56,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	30,535	15,010	15,525	27.5	27.3	27.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	15,485	8,000	7,480	13.9	14.5	13.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	65,050	32,010	33,045	58.6	58.2	59.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	22,885	11,190	11,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	13,275	6,960	6,315	58.0	62.2	54.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	5,995	3,615	2,385	26.2	32.3	20.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	7,280	3,350	3,925	31.8	29.9	33.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	5,375	2,175	3,195	23.5	19.4	27.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	3,905	1,910	1,995	17.1	17.1	17.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	335	145	190	1.5	1.3	1.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	22,885	11,190	11,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,955	1,000	950	8.5	8.9	8.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,660	900	760	7.3	8.0	6.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	525	295	225	2.3	2.6	1.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,115	665	450	4.9	5.9	3.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	250	90	165	1.1	0.8	1.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	17,390	8,245	9,145	76.0	73.7	78.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	111,070	55,020	56,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	31,855	15,610	16,245	28.7	28.4	29.0
South Asian	1,405	760	645	1.3	1.4	1.2
Chinese	2,415	1,095	1,320	2.2	2.0	2.4
Black	12,560	6,105	6,455	11.3	11.1	11.5
Filipino	470	185	285	0.4	0.3	0.5
Arab	5,645	3,010	2,640	5.1	5.5	4.7
Latin American	5,540	2,595	2,945	5.0	4.7	5.3
Southeast Asian	1,200	555	650	1.1	1.0	1.2
West Asian	1,355	705	655	1.2	1.3	1.2
Korean	210	85	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	280	145	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	695	335	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	79,215	39,410	39,805	71.3	71.6	71.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	111,070	55,020	56,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	25,805	12,555	13,245	23.2	22.8	23.6
English	2,680	1,345	1,335	2.4	2.4	2.4
Irish	6,270	3,000	3,270	5.6	5.5	5.8
Scottish	3,010	1,425	1,585	2.7	2.6	2.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	21,770	11,080	10,685	19.6	20.1	19.1
German	1,870	880	985	1.7	1.6	1.8
Chinese	2,540	1,115	1,425	2.3	2.0	2.5
Italian	3,515	1,745	1,765	3.2	3.2	3.1
Indian (India)	1,095	570	520	1.0	1.0	0.9
Ukrainian	730	355	380	0.7	0.6	0.7
Dutch	300	155	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Polish	865	420	445	0.8	0.8	0.8
Québécois	12,220	6,120	6,095	11.0	11.1	10.9
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	680	325	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Filipino	435	145	285	0.4	0.3	0.5
French Canadian	5,020	2,540	2,480	4.5	4.6	4.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,540	735	800	1.4	1.3	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,800	835	970	1.6	1.5	1.7
Métis	335	135	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	910	480	430	0.8	0.9	0.8
Russian	775	330	445	0.7	0.6	0.8
Norwegian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	225	130	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	1,325	670	655	1.2	1.2	1.2
American	565	220	345	0.5	0.4	0.6
Spanish	1,445	730	715	1.3	1.3	1.3
Swedish	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	280	135	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Acadian	975	440	540	0.9	0.8	1.0
Pakistani	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	2,010	1,035	975	1.8	1.9	1.7
Jewish	205	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	690	335	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	2,395	1,250	1,145	2.2	2.3	2.0
Greek	780	410	370	0.7	0.7	0.7
Jamaican	235	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	235	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	215	85	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	1,075	535	540	1.0	1.0	1.0
Lebanese	575	315	260	0.5	0.6	0.5
Iranian	235	140	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	680	385	295	0.6	0.7	0.5
Danish	70	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	450	185	265	0.4	0.3	0.5
Sikh	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	120	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	975	485	490	0.9	0.9	0.9
Haitian	4,340	2,070	2,270	3.9	3.8	4.0
Hindu	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	900	450	450	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	245	140	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Finnish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	55	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	135	45	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Japanese	110	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	335	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egyptian	455	250	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	815	385	435	0.7	0.7	0.8
Tamil	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	1,590	755	830	1.4	1.4	1.5
Moroccan	1,775	950	820	1.6	1.7	1.5
Czech	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	205	125	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	915	475	445	0.8	0.9	0.8
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	365	175	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ontarian	50	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian	165	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algerian	1,260	685	575	1.1	1.2	1.0
Brazilian	355	130	230	0.3	0.2	0.4
Nigerian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	200	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovak	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Somali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	60	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	350	190	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
African Caribbean	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	225	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquin	240	135	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
South African	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	610	295	315	0.5	0.5	0.6
Congolese	715	330	380	0.6	0.6	0.7
Nova Scotian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	550	255	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Yoruba	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	265	100	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Berber	860	440	415	0.8	0.8	0.7
Albanian	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Brunswicker	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	345	185	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albertan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Barbadian	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	530	275	250	0.5	0.5	0.4
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	345	205	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	360	140	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	245	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cameroonian	760	395	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
Guatemalan	260	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	235	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Franco Ontarian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	50	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	395	180	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	420	210	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	225	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moldovan	190	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	220	120	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealander	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	290	110	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	290	125	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Huron (Wendat)	170	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	185	65	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Norman	150	100	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	475	210	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	235	95	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	175	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Honduran	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	285	150	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Azerbaijani	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pashtun	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	275	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	155	55	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Libyan	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Beninese	205	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	205	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kashmiri	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	111,070	55,020	56,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	875	380	495	0.8	0.7	0.9
Christian	64,845	30,630	34,210	58.4	55.7	61.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,120	3,465	3,650	6.4	6.3	6.5
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	830	365	455	0.7	0.7	0.8
Baptist	650	280	370	0.6	0.5	0.7
Catholic	49,185	23,230	25,955	44.3	42.2	46.3
Christian Orthodox	2,255	1,120	1,135	2.0	2.0	2.0
Jehovah's Witness	635	260	375	0.6	0.5	0.7
Latter Day Saints	335	155	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lutheran	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	905	405	495	0.8	0.7	0.9
Presbyterian	195	75	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	305	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,315	1,070	1,245	2.1	1.9	2.2
Hindu	690	350	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jewish	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	9,930	5,105	4,825	8.9	9.3	8.6
Sikh	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	475	225	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	34,055	18,220	15,835	30.7	33.1	28.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	109,780	54,395	55,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	96,125	47,795	48,335	87.6	87.9	87.3
Movers	13,655	6,600	7,055	12.4	12.1	12.7
Non-migrants	7,300	3,585	3,720	6.6	6.6	6.7
Migrants	6,350	3,020	3,330	5.8	5.6	6.0
Internal migrants	5,535	2,645	2,890	5.0	4.9	5.2
Intraprovincial migrants	5,240	2,520	2,720	4.8	4.6	4.9
Interprovincial migrants	300	125	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
External migrants	815	375	445	0.7	0.7	0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	104,585	51,760	52,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	57,415	28,440	28,980	54.9	54.9	54.9
Movers	47,165	23,320	23,845	45.1	45.1	45.1
Non-migrants	18,300	9,115	9,185	17.5	17.6	17.4
Migrants	28,865	14,200	14,660	27.6	27.4	27.8
Internal migrants	21,680	10,740	10,940	20.7	20.7	20.7
Intraprovincial migrants	20,745	10,295	10,445	19.8	19.9	19.8
Interprovincial migrants	935	440	495	0.9	0.9	0.9
External migrants	7,185	3,465	3,725	6.9	6.7	7.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	91,905	45,290	46,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	21,055	11,070	9,985	22.9	24.4	21.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	70,850	34,220	36,630	77.1	75.6	78.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,405	30,975	30,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,195	5,790	4,405	16.6	18.7	14.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	51,210	25,185	26,020	83.4	81.3	85.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	91,905	45,285	46,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,385	9,460	8,920	20.0	20.9	19.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,835	10,255	10,575	22.7	22.6	22.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	52,685	25,565	27,120	57.3	56.5	58.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	32,455	16,180	16,280	35.3	35.7	34.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,735	7,820	5,915	14.9	17.3	12.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,970	5,025	4,935	10.8	11.1	10.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,770	2,795	975	4.1	6.2	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,945	6,750	8,195	16.3	14.9	17.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,770	1,605	2,170	4.1	3.5	4.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,230	9,390	10,845	22.0	20.7	23.3
Bachelor's degree	12,515	5,535	6,975	13.6	12.2	15.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,240	1,015	1,230	2.4	2.2	2.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	290	150	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Master's degree	4,540	2,305	2,235	4.9	5.1	4.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	645	385	260	0.7	0.9	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,405	30,970	30,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,285	4,690	3,600	13.5	15.1	11.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,545	6,095	5,455	18.8	19.7	17.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,570	20,185	21,380	67.7	65.2	70.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,245	12,210	12,035	39.5	39.4	39.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,670	6,000	4,675	17.4	19.4	15.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,840	3,920	3,920	12.8	12.7	12.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,830	2,075	750	4.6	6.7	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,790	4,970	5,820	17.6	16.0	19.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,785	1,240	1,540	4.5	4.0	5.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,320	7,980	9,345	28.2	25.8	30.7
Bachelor's degree	10,480	4,675	5,800	17.1	15.1	19.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,950	845	1,100	3.2	2.7	3.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	235	110	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Master's degree	4,125	2,045	2,075	6.7	6.6	6.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	540	305	235	0.9	1.0	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	91,905	45,290	46,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	39,215	19,720	19,500	42.7	43.5	41.8
Education	2,830	690	2,135	3.1	1.5	4.6
13. Education	2,830	690	2,135	3.1	1.5	4.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,550	1,250	1,295	2.8	2.8	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	460	300	160	0.5	0.7	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	2,090	950	1,135	2.3	2.1	2.4
Humanities	3,120	1,140	1,980	3.4	2.5	4.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	570	110	455	0.6	0.2	1.0
23. English language and literature/letters	230	80	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,415	550	865	1.5	1.2	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	165	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	140	65	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
54. History	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	375	130	250	0.4	0.3	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,785	1,890	3,895	6.3	4.2	8.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	890	310	585	1.0	0.7	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,195	110	1,090	1.3	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	980	330	650	1.1	0.7	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	195	60	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	755	245	515	0.8	0.5	1.1
45. Social sciences	1,685	825	855	1.8	1.8	1.8
Business, management and public administration	12,205	4,750	7,450	13.3	10.5	16.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	555	140	420	0.6	0.3	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,635	4,615	7,020	12.7	10.2	15.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,785	910	880	1.9	2.0	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	565	225	340	0.6	0.5	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	295	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	180	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
40. Physical sciences	625	385	245	0.7	0.9	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	70	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,970	2,135	845	3.2	4.7	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,605	1,955	650	2.8	4.3	1.4
25. Library science	130	35	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	205	115	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,730	9,320	1,410	11.7	20.6	3.0
04. Architecture and related services	515	295	220	0.6	0.7	0.5
14. Engineering	2,800	2,270	535	3.0	5.0	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,005	1,660	345	2.2	3.7	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,365	2,220	145	2.6	4.9	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,820	1,735	85	2.0	3.8	0.2
48. Precision production	1,225	1,140	80	1.3	2.5	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	675	355	320	0.7	0.8	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	515	275	240	0.6	0.6	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	165	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health and related fields	6,530	1,275	5,250	7.1	2.8	11.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	300	135	165	0.3	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,120	1,090	5,025	6.7	2.4	10.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,505	1,860	1,650	3.8	4.1	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,190	760	1,425	2.4	1.7	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	510	370	140	0.6	0.8	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	795	710	85	0.9	1.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	61,405	30,975	30,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,835	10,785	9,050	32.3	34.8	29.7
Education	1,960	450	1,510	3.2	1.5	5.0
13. Education	1,960	450	1,510	3.2	1.5	5.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,980	965	1,010	3.2	3.1	3.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	350	220	135	0.6	0.7	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	1,625	750	880	2.6	2.4	2.9
Humanities	2,180	800	1,385	3.6	2.6	4.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	470	105	365	0.8	0.3	1.2
23. English language and literature/letters	165	45	120	0.3	0.1	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	905	360	545	1.5	1.2	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	70	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	145	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	270	85	185	0.4	0.3	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,690	1,500	3,190	7.6	4.8	10.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	785	250	535	1.3	0.8	1.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,005	85	925	1.6	0.3	3.0
22. Legal professions and studies	810	270	545	1.3	0.9	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	140	40	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	565	175	390	0.9	0.6	1.3
45. Social sciences	1,330	680	645	2.2	2.2	2.1
Business, management and public administration	9,955	3,820	6,135	16.2	12.3	20.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	470	100	370	0.8	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,480	3,715	5,760	15.4	12.0	18.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,315	690	625	2.1	2.2	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	485	195	290	0.8	0.6	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	180	85	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	495	305	185	0.8	1.0	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	60	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,550	1,845	705	4.2	6.0	2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,285	1,725	560	3.7	5.6	1.8
25. Library science	90	25	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	150	85	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,535	7,310	1,225	13.9	23.6	4.0
04. Architecture and related services	415	230	180	0.7	0.7	0.6
14. Engineering	2,565	2,055	510	4.2	6.6	1.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,520	1,220	300	2.5	3.9	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,790	1,685	110	2.9	5.4	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,375	1,315	60	2.2	4.2	0.2
48. Precision production	875	810	70	1.4	2.6	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	605	305	305	1.0	1.0	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	450	225	230	0.7	0.7	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	155	75	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Health and related fields	5,035	1,030	4,000	8.2	3.3	13.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	275	125	145	0.4	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,665	865	3,795	7.6	2.8	12.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,750	1,470	1,280	4.5	4.7	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,685	590	1,095	2.7	1.9	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	410	290	120	0.7	0.9	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	645	575	70	1.1	1.9	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	61,405	30,975	30,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,835	10,785	9,050	32.3	34.8	29.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	41,565	20,190	21,380	67.7	65.2	70.2
Location of study inside Canada	32,880	15,895	16,985	53.5	51.3	55.8
Same as province or territory of residence	32,055	15,470	16,585	52.2	49.9	54.5
Different than province or territory of residence	825	425	395	1.3	1.4	1.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	8,685	4,285	4,400	14.1	13.8	14.5
Americas	2,240	1,070	1,175	3.6	3.5	3.9
United States of America	255	140	115	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mexico	215	100	115	0.4	0.3	0.4
Cuba	115	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haiti	310	160	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	275	130	145	0.4	0.4	0.5
Colombia	565	240	320	0.9	0.8	1.1
Peru	100	45	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	140	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other locations of study in Americas	260	130	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Europe	2,405	1,290	1,115	3.9	4.2	3.7
Belgium	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
France	1,180	640	540	1.9	2.1	1.8
Germany	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Poland	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	305	175	130	0.5	0.6	0.4
Russian Federation	170	85	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukraine	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	105	70	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	250	120	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Africa	2,610	1,290	1,315	4.3	4.2	4.3
Nigeria	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	575	255	320	0.9	0.8	1.1
Morocco	505	255	250	0.8	0.8	0.8
Tunisia	160	75	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
Egypt	140	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	1,160	600	555	1.9	1.9	1.8
Asia	1,410	625	785	2.3	2.0	2.6
Iran⁸⁸	150	90	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	480	230	240	0.8	0.7	0.8
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	80	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Viet Nam	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	235	105	135	0.4	0.3	0.4
Pakistan	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	210	75	135	0.3	0.2	0.4
Oceania	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	91,905	45,290	46,615	...	...	...
In the labour force	59,815	31,045	28,770	...	...	...
Employed	54,740	28,455	26,280	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,080	2,590	2,490	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	32,090	14,240	17,850	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.1	68.5	61.7	65.1	68.5	61.7
Employment rate	59.6	62.8	56.4	59.6	62.8	56.4
Unemployment rate	8.5	8.3	8.7	8.5	8.3	8.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	91,905	45,290	46,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	32,700	14,335	18,360	35.6	31.7	39.4
Worked	59,205	30,950	28,255	64.4	68.3	60.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	29,955	16,370	13,590	32.6	36.1	29.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	29,245	14,580	14,670	31.8	32.2	31.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	41.1	40.0	40.6	41.1	40.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	59,815	31,050	28,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,605	680	925	2.7	2.2	3.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	58,215	30,365	27,850	97.3	97.8	96.8
Employee	52,895	27,070	25,825	88.4	87.2	89.8
Permanent position	44,920	23,325	21,590	75.1	75.1	75.1
Temporary position	7,980	3,740	4,240	13.3	12.0	14.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,070	1,310	1,760	5.1	4.2	6.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,910	2,430	2,480	8.2	7.8	8.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,310	3,295	2,015	8.9	10.6	7.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	59,815	31,050	28,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,605	680	925	2.7	2.2	3.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	58,215	30,365	27,850	97.3	97.8	96.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	600	390	210	1.0	1.3	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,195	3,975	7,210	18.7	12.8	25.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,225	4,000	1,225	8.7	12.9	4.3
3 Health occupations	4,680	915	3,765	7.8	2.9	13.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,380	1,755	4,625	10.7	5.7	16.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,025	1,055	965	3.4	3.4	3.4
6 Sales and service occupations	15,795	7,710	8,090	26.4	24.8	28.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,360	8,430	925	15.6	27.1	3.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	410	300	110	0.7	1.0	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,545	1,820	730	4.3	5.9	2.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	59,815	31,050	28,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,605	680	925	2.7	2.2	3.2
All industries¹⁹¹	58,215	30,365	27,850	97.3	97.8	96.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	140	95	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	100	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
22 Utilities	445	295	150	0.7	1.0	0.5
23 Construction	3,700	3,215	485	6.2	10.4	1.7
31-33 Manufacturing	5,215	3,620	1,595	8.7	11.7	5.5
41 Wholesale trade	2,015	1,315	700	3.4	4.2	2.4
44-45 Retail trade	7,645	3,795	3,845	12.8	12.2	13.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,370	2,695	680	5.6	8.7	2.4
51 Information and cultural industries	1,935	1,185	745	3.2	3.8	2.6
52 Finance and insurance	2,680	1,190	1,485	4.5	3.8	5.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	805	405	395	1.3	1.3	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,850	2,635	2,210	8.1	8.5	7.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,255	1,885	1,370	5.4	6.1	4.8
61 Educational services	4,030	1,310	2,720	6.7	4.2	9.5
62 Health care and social assistance	8,615	1,910	6,710	14.4	6.2	23.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	900	490	410	1.5	1.6	1.4
72 Accommodation and food services	3,295	1,710	1,585	5.5	5.5	5.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,325	1,130	1,200	3.9	3.6	4.2
91 Public administration	2,805	1,365	1,440	4.7	4.4	5.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	63,310	33,080	30,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,775	2,145	1,625	6.0	6.5	5.4
French	37,490	19,310	18,180	59.2	58.4	60.1
Non-official language	265	105	160	0.4	0.3	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	265	105	160	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and French	20,390	10,845	9,550	32.2	32.8	31.6
English and non-official language(s)	215	125	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	360	145	215	0.6	0.4	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	795	400	395	1.3	1.2	1.3
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	63,310	33,080	30,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	59,045	30,825	28,220	93.3	93.2	93.4
Official languages	58,605	30,615	27,990	92.6	92.5	92.6
English	7,770	4,330	3,445	12.3	13.1	11.4
French	50,835	26,285	24,550	80.3	79.5	81.2
Non-official languages	440	215	230	0.7	0.6	0.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	440	215	230	0.7	0.6	0.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	205	90	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	135	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	115	45	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	155	85	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Chinese languages	155	85	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	90	50	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,265	2,260	2,005	6.7	6.8	6.6
English and French	3,950	2,120	1,825	6.2	6.4	6.0
English and non-official language(s)	100	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	145	50	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	63,310	33,080	30,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	45,565	23,710	21,855	72.0	71.7	72.3
English	12,880	6,795	6,080	20.3	20.5	20.1
French	3,925	2,115	1,810	6.2	6.4	6.0
Non-official language	425	215	210	0.7	0.6	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	425	215	210	0.7	0.6	0.7
English and French	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	385	165	220	0.6	0.5	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	95	70	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	54,735	28,460	26,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	12,385	5,970	6,415	22.6	21.0	24.4
Worked outside Canada	85	55	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	6,225	4,675	1,550	11.4	16.4	5.9
Usual place of work	36,040	17,755	18,285	65.8	62.4	69.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	36,040	17,760	18,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	14,520	6,155	8,370	40.3	34.7	45.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,310	3,695	3,620	20.3	20.8	19.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	14,180	7,885	6,290	39.3	44.4	34.4
Commute to a different province or territory	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	42,265	22,430	19,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	31,835	17,930	13,905	75.3	79.9	70.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	29,680	17,150	12,525	70.2	76.5	63.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,155	770	1,380	5.1	3.4	7.0
Public transit	7,145	2,880	4,260	16.9	12.8	21.5
Walked	2,095	870	1,225	5.0	3.9	6.2
Bicycle	600	450	145	1.4	2.0	0.7
Other method	590	300	290	1.4	1.3	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	42,265	22,430	19,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,325	3,975	5,360	22.1	17.7	27.0
15 to 29 minutes	16,895	9,150	7,745	40.0	40.8	39.0
30 to 44 minutes	9,580	5,790	3,795	22.7	25.8	19.1
45 to 59 minutes	3,555	2,005	1,550	8.4	8.9	7.8
60 minutes and over	2,910	1,520	1,385	6.9	6.8	7.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	42,265	22,430	19,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,280	2,520	755	7.8	11.2	3.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,560	4,615	2,950	17.9	20.6	14.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,995	5,215	5,775	26.0	23.3	29.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,405	3,015	4,390	17.5	13.4	22.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,960	2,330	2,630	11.7	10.4	13.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,060	4,735	3,325	19.1	21.1	16.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,780	11,520	11,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,175	2,080	2,095	18.3	18.1	18.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,610	9,440	9,170	81.7	81.9	81.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,860	8,080	7,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,090	1,540	1,545	19.5	19.1	19.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,570	1,300	1,270	16.2	16.1	16.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	520	245	275	3.3	3.0	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,765	6,535	6,235	80.5	80.9	80.1

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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