Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Lévis, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	149,683	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	143,414	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.4	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	68,205	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	65,751	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	334.1	...	...	334.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	448.07	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	149,680	73,535	76,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	25,145	12,865	12,280	16.8	17.5	16.1
0 to 4 years	7,130	3,635	3,495	4.8	4.9	4.6
5 to 9 years	8,685	4,440	4,245	5.8	6.0	5.6
10 to 14 years	9,330	4,790	4,540	6.2	6.5	6.0
15 to 64 years	92,865	46,065	46,800	62.0	62.6	61.5
15 to 19 years	8,040	4,075	3,965	5.4	5.5	5.2
20 to 24 years	7,495	3,775	3,725	5.0	5.1	4.9
25 to 29 years	8,055	3,980	4,075	5.4	5.4	5.4
30 to 34 years	8,230	4,180	4,055	5.5	5.7	5.3
35 to 39 years	9,465	4,775	4,685	6.3	6.5	6.2
40 to 44 years	10,715	5,335	5,375	7.2	7.3	7.1
45 to 49 years	9,650	4,785	4,860	6.4	6.5	6.4
50 to 54 years	9,250	4,590	4,655	6.2	6.2	6.1
55 to 59 years	10,890	5,370	5,515	7.3	7.3	7.2
60 to 64 years	11,075	5,190	5,880	7.4	7.1	7.7
65 years and over	31,670	14,605	17,070	21.2	19.9	22.4
65 to 69 years	10,245	4,865	5,380	6.8	6.6	7.1
70 to 74 years	8,920	4,305	4,610	6.0	5.9	6.1
75 to 79 years	6,085	2,890	3,190	4.1	3.9	4.2
80 to 84 years	3,400	1,500	1,900	2.3	2.0	2.5
85 years and over	3,020	1,045	1,980	2.0	1.4	2.6
85 to 89 years	1,785	685	1,100	1.2	0.9	1.4
90 to 94 years	970	305	660	0.6	0.4	0.9
95 to 99 years	245	45	200	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.5	16.1	16.8	17.5	16.1
15 to 64 years	62.0	62.6	61.5	62.0	62.6	61.5
65 years and over	21.2	19.9	22.4	21.2	19.9	22.4
85 years and over	2.0	1.4	2.6	2.0	1.4	2.6
Average age of the population	42.9	42.0	43.8	42.9	42.0	43.8
Median age of the population	44.0	42.8	44.8	44.0	42.8	44.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	65,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	34,570	...	...	52.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,875	...	...	7.4	...	...
Row house	1,570	...	...	2.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,285	...	...	5.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	18,745	...	...	28.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,825	...	...	2.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	115	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	765	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	65,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	21,345	...	...	32.5	...	...
2 persons	24,495	...	...	37.3	...	...
3 persons	8,195	...	...	12.5	...	...
4 persons	8,340	...	...	12.7	...	...
5 or more persons	3,375	...	...	5.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	146,235	72,300	73,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	124,535	60,670	63,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	75,940	37,930	38,010	61.0	62.5	59.5
Married	37,630	18,775	18,850	30.2	30.9	29.5
Living common-law	38,310	19,150	19,160	30.8	31.6	30.0
Living common law - Never married	31,905	15,860	16,045	25.6	26.1	25.1
Living common law - Separated	330	180	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	5,460	2,835	2,625	4.4	4.7	4.1
Living common law - Widowed	610	275	340	0.5	0.5	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	48,595	22,735	25,855	39.0	37.5	40.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	34,415	17,985	16,430	27.6	29.6	25.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,325	580	740	1.1	1.0	1.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,385	2,810	4,575	5.9	4.6	7.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,475	1,365	4,110	4.4	2.2	6.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	43,005	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	23,865	...	...	55.5	...	...
3 persons	7,870	...	...	18.3	...	...
4 persons	8,190	...	...	19.0	...	...
5 or more persons	3,085	...	...	7.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	43,005	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	37,250	...	...	86.6	...	...
Married couples	18,110	...	...	42.1	...	...
With children⁶	6,520	...	...	15.2	...	...
Without children	11,590	...	...	27.0	...	...
Common-law couples	19,135	...	...	44.5	...	...
With children⁶	10,205	...	...	23.7	...	...
Without children	8,930	...	...	20.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,760	...	...	13.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,965	...	...	9.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,795	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	146,235	72,300	73,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	120,310	60,050	60,255	82.3	83.1	81.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	74,490	37,235	37,260	50.9	51.5	50.4
Parents in one-parent families	5,760	1,790	3,970	3.9	2.5	5.4
Children⁶	40,060	21,025	19,035	27.4	29.1	25.7
In a two-parent family	31,240	16,235	15,010	21.4	22.5	20.3
In a one-parent family	8,815	4,795	4,025	6.0	6.6	5.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	25,925	12,245	13,680	17.7	16.9	18.5
Living alone	21,345	9,760	11,580	14.6	13.5	15.7
Living with other relatives⁷	1,685	790	895	1.2	1.1	1.2
Living with non-relatives only	2,900	1,695	1,200	2.0	2.3	1.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	65,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	41,645	...	...	63.3	...	...
Couple-family households	36,315	...	...	55.2	...	...
With children⁶	16,330	...	...	24.8	...	...
Without children	19,985	...	...	30.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,335	...	...	8.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	390	...	...	0.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	80	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	665	...	...	1.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,625	...	...	2.5	...	...
One-person households	21,345	...	...	32.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	121,105	59,445	61,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	119,315	58,575	60,740	98.5	98.5	98.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	53,200	42,800	47,600	53,200	42,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	119,330	58,580	60,750	98.5	98.5	98.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	44,800	37,600	41,200	44,800	37,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	112,535	56,095	56,440	92.9	94.4	91.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,800	34,400	40,400	46,800	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90,200	46,420	43,775	74.5	78.1	71.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	48,800	39,200	44,000	48,800	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	94,910	43,520	51,390	78.4	73.2	83.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,100	9,200	10,900	10,100	9,200	10,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,595	7,330	6,270	11.2	12.3	10.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,360	4,920	5,720	5,360	4,920	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,585	16,415	14,175	25.3	27.6	23.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	6,500	6,000	6,000	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	121,100	59,435	61,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	119,345	58,540	60,805	98.6	98.5	98.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,450	62,400	48,760	55,450	62,400	48,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	119,355	58,540	60,815	98.6	98.5	98.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	49,720	40,840	45,200	49,720	40,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	112,660	56,165	56,495	93.0	94.5	91.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,000	56,550	41,520	49,000	56,550	41,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,180	46,395	43,785	74.5	78.1	71.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,400	55,750	44,720	50,400	55,750	44,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	94,795	43,385	51,420	78.3	73.0	83.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,580	11,000	12,060	11,580	11,000	12,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,225	7,235	5,990	10.9	12.2	9.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,940	5,815	8,290	6,940	5,815	8,290
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,475	16,225	14,245	25.2	27.3	23.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,250	6,910	7,640	7,250	6,910	7,640
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	121,100	59,440	61,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	48,300	25,475	22,825	39.9	42.9	37.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	67,500	57,200	62,400	67,500	57,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,000	77,300	64,000	71,000	77,300	64,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	34,135	16,635	17,505	28.2	28.0	28.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	23,800	17,600	20,000	23,800	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,800	33,920	25,880	29,800	33,920	25,880
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.4	87.0	79.0	83.4	87.0	79.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.6	70.8	66.0	68.6	70.8	66.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.6	13.1	20.9	16.6	13.1	20.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.4	1.2	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.9	3.5	4.5	3.9	3.5	4.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.3	3.1	3.7	3.3	3.1	3.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	121,100	59,440	61,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,790	875	915	1.5	1.5	1.5
With total income	119,315	58,570	60,745	98.5	98.5	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,320	2,705	3,620	5.3	4.6	6.0
$10,000 to $19,999	11,590	4,250	7,345	9.7	7.3	12.1
$20,000 to $29,999	15,685	6,575	9,110	13.1	11.2	15.0
$30,000 to $39,999	14,095	6,155	7,940	11.8	10.5	13.1
$40,000 to $49,999	15,565	7,340	8,230	13.0	12.5	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	14,260	7,215	7,040	12.0	12.3	11.6
$60,000 to $69,999	10,795	5,880	4,915	9.0	10.0	8.1
$70,000 to $79,999	7,995	4,535	3,465	6.7	7.7	5.7
$80,000 to $89,999	6,635	3,740	2,895	5.6	6.4	4.8
$90,000 to $99,999	4,850	2,630	2,225	4.1	4.5	3.7
$100,000 and over	11,515	7,555	3,955	9.7	12.9	6.5
$100,000 to $149,999	8,360	5,300	3,060	7.0	9.0	5.0
$150,000 and over	3,155	2,255	900	2.6	3.9	1.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	121,100	59,440	61,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,775	865	910	1.5	1.5	1.5
With after-tax income	119,330	58,580	60,750	98.5	98.6	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,960	2,850	4,110	5.8	4.9	6.8
$10,000 to $19,999	12,405	4,645	7,755	10.4	7.9	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	18,600	7,870	10,725	15.6	13.4	17.7
$30,000 to $39,999	19,130	8,810	10,320	16.0	15.0	17.0
$40,000 to $49,999	19,570	10,015	9,560	16.4	17.1	15.7
$50,000 to $59,999	14,690	8,085	6,605	12.3	13.8	10.9
$60,000 to $69,999	10,395	5,760	4,640	8.7	9.8	7.6
$70,000 to $79,999	6,960	3,725	3,235	5.8	6.4	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	3,990	2,315	1,670	3.3	4.0	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,240	1,435	805	1.9	2.4	1.3
$100,000 and over	4,385	3,060	1,330	3.7	5.2	2.2
$100,000 to $124,999	2,465	1,665	800	2.1	2.8	1.3
$125,000 and over	1,920	1,395	525	1.6	2.4	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	121,100	59,440	61,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	30,905	13,020	17,880	25.5	21.9	29.0
With employment income	90,200	46,420	43,780	74.5	78.1	71.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,605	5,095	4,510	10.6	11.0	10.3
$5,000 to $9,999	6,105	2,655	3,445	6.8	5.7	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	9,580	4,205	5,370	10.6	9.1	12.3
$20,000 to $29,999	7,595	3,360	4,235	8.4	7.2	9.7
$30,000 to $39,999	8,520	3,895	4,625	9.4	8.4	10.6
$40,000 to $49,999	9,760	4,630	5,135	10.8	10.0	11.7
$50,000 to $59,999	8,700	4,480	4,215	9.6	9.7	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	7,130	4,115	3,020	7.9	8.9	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	5,670	3,190	2,485	6.3	6.9	5.7
$80,000 to $89,999	5,215	2,805	2,410	5.8	6.0	5.5
$90,000 to $99,999	3,520	2,065	1,455	3.9	4.4	3.3
$100,000 and over	8,800	5,930	2,870	9.8	12.8	6.6
$100,000 to $124,999	4,605	2,955	1,655	5.1	6.4	3.8
$125,000 and over	4,190	2,975	1,215	4.6	6.4	2.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	121,105	59,445	61,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	117,790	57,785	60,005	97.3	97.2	97.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	51,600	40,400	45,600	51,600	40,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	117,840	57,785	60,055	97.3	97.2	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	43,600	35,200	39,600	43,600	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	111,040	55,445	55,590	91.7	93.3	90.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	47,600	34,800	40,800	47,600	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,765	46,660	44,105	74.9	78.5	71.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	48,800	38,400	43,200	48,800	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,570	38,170	47,395	70.7	64.2	76.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,800	6,120	8,600	7,800	6,120	8,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	12,680	7,040	5,645	10.5	11.8	9.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,440	4,080	5,200	4,440	4,080	5,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	121,100	59,435	61,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	117,845	57,800	60,045	97.3	97.2	97.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,500	61,450	45,840	53,500	61,450	45,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	117,875	57,800	60,070	97.3	97.2	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,440	48,720	38,320	43,440	48,720	38,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	111,185	55,445	55,735	91.8	93.3	90.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,560	58,150	41,000	49,560	58,150	41,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,700	46,540	44,155	74.9	78.3	71.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,400	56,950	43,480	50,400	56,950	43,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,515	38,005	47,510	70.6	63.9	77.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,280	8,600	9,820	9,280	8,600	9,820
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,670	7,015	5,660	10.5	11.8	9.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,840	5,205	8,870	6,840	5,205	8,870
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	121,100	59,440	61,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	48,125	25,410	22,715	39.7	42.7	36.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,200	65,000	53,600	59,200	65,000	53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,000	75,800	59,200	68,000	75,800	59,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	32,510	15,905	16,605	26.8	26.8	26.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,600	29,200	20,800	24,600	29,200	20,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,200	39,120	29,480	34,200	39,120	29,480
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.4	90.8	83.0	87.4	90.8	83.0
Employment income (%)	72.4	74.6	69.8	72.4	74.6	69.8
Government transfers (%)	12.6	9.2	17.0	12.6	9.2	17.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.0	1.8	1.4	1.0	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	65,755	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	21,345	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	...	...	45,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	44,405	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	65,750	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	100,600	...	...	100,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,100	...	...	82,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	21,345	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,250	...	...	51,250	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,680	...	...	42,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	44,405	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,400	...	...	124,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	65,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	305	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	190	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	495	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	835	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,580	...	...	3.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,890	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,820	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,545	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,820	...	...	4.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,810	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,550	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,860	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,560	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,235	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,915	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	26,350	...	...	40.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	8,140	...	...	12.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,050	...	...	9.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	7,120	...	...	10.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,040	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	65,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	360	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	205	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	520	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	920	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,795	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,405	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,625	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,385	...	...	5.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,630	...	...	5.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,370	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,255	...	...	9.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,760	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,205	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,870	...	...	7.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,135	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,320	...	...	29.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	8,015	...	...	12.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,280	...	...	8.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,030	...	...	9.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	43,220	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	20,095	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	16,770	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	151,000	...	...	151,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,665	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	24,240	11,460	12,785	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	48,000	40,800	44,000	48,000	40,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	40,800	36,000	38,400	40,800	36,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	43,190	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	125,200	...	...	125,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,500	...	...	101,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20,070	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,200	...	...	104,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,200	...	...	85,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,795	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	165,000	...	...	165,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,600	...	...	131,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,655	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,600	...	...	84,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,600	...	...	71,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	24,240	11,465	12,780	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,880	54,050	46,160	49,880	54,050	46,160
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,680	44,160	39,440	41,680	44,160	39,440
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	146,235	72,300	73,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	30,070	15,380	14,690	20.6	21.3	19.9
0 to 5 years	8,815	4,500	4,315	6.0	6.2	5.8
18 to 64 years	87,450	43,270	44,175	59.8	59.8	59.7
65 years and over	28,710	13,640	15,070	19.6	18.9	20.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,890	4,300	5,585	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,470	775	695	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	435	215	215	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,560	2,185	2,375	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,855	1,340	2,510	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.8	6.0	7.6	6.8	6.0	7.6
0 to 17 years (%)	4.9	5.0	4.8	4.9	5.0	4.8
0 to 5 years (%)	4.9	4.8	5.0	4.9	4.8	5.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.2	5.1	5.4	5.2	5.1	5.4
65 years and over (%)	13.4	9.8	16.7	13.4	9.8	16.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	146,235	72,300	73,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	30,070	15,385	14,685	20.6	21.3	19.9
0 to 5 years	8,815	4,505	4,310	6.0	6.2	5.8
18 to 64 years	87,455	43,275	44,180	59.8	59.9	59.8
65 years and over	28,715	13,645	15,070	19.6	18.9	20.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,685	2,190	2,495	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	705	365	335	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	210	105	105	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,000	1,520	1,480	...	...	...
65 years and over	975	295	680	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.2	3.0	3.4	3.2	3.0	3.4
0 to 17 years (%)	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.3
0 to 5 years (%)	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.4
65 years and over (%)	3.4	2.2	4.5	3.4	2.2	4.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	146,235	72,300	73,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	65,335	31,090	34,245	44.7	43.0	46.3
In bottom decile	7,960	3,515	4,445	5.4	4.9	6.0
In second decile	11,260	5,140	6,115	7.7	7.1	8.3
In third decile	13,555	6,385	7,165	9.3	8.8	9.7
In fourth decile	15,650	7,595	8,055	10.7	10.5	10.9
In fifth decile	16,910	8,450	8,465	11.6	11.7	11.4
In top half of the distribution	80,900	41,210	39,690	55.3	57.0	53.7
In sixth decile	18,055	9,125	8,930	12.3	12.6	12.1
In seventh decile	19,295	9,805	9,490	13.2	13.6	12.8
In eighth decile	18,020	9,200	8,820	12.3	12.7	11.9
In ninth decile	14,780	7,560	7,220	10.1	10.5	9.8
In top decile	10,755	5,520	5,235	7.4	7.6	7.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	146,235	...	...	146,235	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.284	...	...	0.284	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.380	...	...	0.380	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.243	...	...	0.243	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	147,765	72,970	74,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	315	180	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
French only	90,745	41,935	48,805	61.4	57.5	65.3
English and French	56,535	30,765	25,770	38.3	42.2	34.5
Neither English nor French	175	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	147,765	72,970	74,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,785	955	835	1.2	1.3	1.1
French	145,040	71,535	73,505	98.2	98.0	98.3
English and French	775	400	375	0.5	0.5	0.5
Neither English nor French	165	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	147,765	72,970	74,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	146,185	72,170	74,015	98.9	98.9	99.0
Official languages	142,950	70,540	72,415	96.7	96.7	96.8
English	1,475	800	680	1.0	1.1	0.9
French	141,475	69,745	71,735	95.7	95.6	95.9
Non-official languages	3,230	1,630	1,605	2.2	2.2	2.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,225	1,625	1,600	2.2	2.2	2.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	875	465	405	0.6	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	745	405	340	0.5	0.6	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	735	400	340	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Merina	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,470	715	755	1.0	1.0	1.0
Albanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	70	40	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,200	590	615	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	70	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	250	110	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	820	420	410	0.6	0.6	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	270	150	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	65	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,585	800	780	1.1	1.1	1.0
English and French	950	480	475	0.6	0.7	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	490	250	240	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	147,765	72,970	74,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	640	355	285	0.4	0.5	0.4
French	138,700	68,205	70,500	93.9	93.5	94.3
Non-official language	735	385	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	735	385	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	4,680	2,555	2,125	3.2	3.5	2.8
English and non-official language(s)	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	2,160	1,060	1,100	1.5	1.5	1.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	695	345	355	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	147,765	72,970	74,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	146,295	72,230	74,060	99.0	99.0	99.0
Official languages	144,785	71,470	73,315	98.0	97.9	98.0
English	1,190	645	545	0.8	0.9	0.7
French	143,595	70,830	72,770	97.2	97.1	97.3
Non-official languages	1,505	760	745	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,505	760	745	1.0	1.0	1.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	360	185	175	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	300	155	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	295	150	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	25	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	770	385	385	0.5	0.5	0.5
Albanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	680	335	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	505	260	240	0.3	0.4	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,475	745	735	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	810	410	400	0.5	0.6	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	540	270	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	147,770	72,970	74,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	141,360	69,590	71,770	95.7	95.4	96.0
English	3,585	1,985	1,600	2.4	2.7	2.1
French	1,025	525	500	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-official language	1,200	585	615	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,195	585	610	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	330	160	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	80	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	75	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	146,235	72,265	73,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	146,100	72,195	73,905	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	56,565	30,845	25,720	38.7	42.7	34.8
French	145,790	72,010	73,780	99.7	99.6	99.7
Non-official languages	8,795	4,145	4,645	6.0	5.7	6.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,775	4,135	4,635	6.0	5.7	6.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,245	715	530	0.9	1.0	0.7
Berber languages	180	105	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	160	90	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,140	655	490	0.8	0.9	0.7
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,140	655	490	0.8	0.9	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	235	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	85	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	75	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	235	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,845	2,535	3,315	4.0	3.5	4.5
Albanian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	285	130	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	285	130	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	170	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	355	185	165	0.2	0.3	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	330	175	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	330	175	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,305	2,265	3,040	3.6	3.1	4.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	340	150	190	0.2	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	360	155	205	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	4,735	2,035	2,700	3.2	2.8	3.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	730	400	330	0.5	0.6	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	70	45	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lingala	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	155	100	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	210	125	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	100	35	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	85	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	250	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	250	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	220	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lao	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	146,235	72,265	73,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,945	1,000	940	1.3	1.4	1.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,810	920	890	1.2	1.3	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,080	500	575	0.7	0.7	0.8
Métis	705	410	300	0.5	0.6	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	105	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	144,295	71,265	73,025	98.7	98.6	98.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	146,235	72,265	73,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	515	305	215	0.4	0.4	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	145,725	71,965	73,755	99.7	99.6	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	65,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	43,320	...	...	65.9	...	...
Renter	22,430	...	...	34.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	65,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,845	...	...	11.9	...	...
Not condominium	57,910	...	...	88.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	65,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	155	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	6,990	...	...	10.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	20,985	...	...	31.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	22,510	...	...	34.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,110	...	...	23.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	65,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	20,675	...	...	31.4	...	...
5 rooms	9,005	...	...	13.7	...	...
6 rooms	7,590	...	...	11.5	...	...
7 rooms	8,135	...	...	12.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	20,350	...	...	31.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	65,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	65,525	...	...	99.7	...	...
More than one person per room	225	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	65,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	64,990	...	...	98.8	...	...
Not suitable	755	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	65,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	8,965	...	...	13.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	17,445	...	...	26.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	11,055	...	...	16.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,735	...	...	13.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,930	...	...	7.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,760	...	...	7.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,840	...	...	5.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	6,015	...	...	9.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	65,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	63,245	...	...	96.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,505	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	65,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	34,150	...	...	51.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	30,815	...	...	46.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	785	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	65,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,985	...	...	3.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	8,385	...	...	12.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	11,690	...	...	17.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	11,505	...	...	17.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	13,450	...	...	20.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	11,825	...	...	18.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,625	...	...	8.6	...	...
85 years and over	1,280	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	65,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	58,285	...	...	89.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,240	...	...	11.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,755	...	...	10.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	65,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,110	...	...	15.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,900	...	...	10.5	...	...
Not suitable only	665	...	...	1.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,145	...	...	3.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	305	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	55,640	...	...	84.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	65,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,370	...	...	3.6	...	...
Not in core need	62,665	...	...	96.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	43,220	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.9	...	...	62.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.2	...	...	1.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100	...	...	1,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,148	...	...	1,148	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	290,000	...	...	290,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	313,200	...	...	313,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	22,415	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.9	...	...	7.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.4	...	...	20.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.3	...	...	8.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	820	...	...	820	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	892	...	...	892	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	146,235	72,270	73,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,905	895	1,005	1.3	1.2	1.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,890	890	1,000	1.3	1.2	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,685	765	920	1.2	1.1	1.2
Métis single ancestry	190	115	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,025	1,430	1,600	2.1	2.0	2.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,995	1,410	1,585	2.0	2.0	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,770	1,295	1,480	1.9	1.8	2.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	200	100	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	141,305	69,940	71,365	96.6	96.8	96.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	146,235	72,270	73,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	142,555	70,360	72,200	97.5	97.4	97.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	29,335	15,025	14,305	20.1	20.8	19.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	113,225	55,330	57,895	77.4	76.6	78.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,680	1,905	1,770	2.5	2.6	2.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	146,235	72,270	73,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	139,205	68,590	70,620	95.2	94.9	95.5
Immigrants⁸¹	5,295	2,730	2,560	3.6	3.8	3.5
Before 1980	500	265	230	0.3	0.4	0.3
1980 to 1990	320	190	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
1991 to 2000	515	280	235	0.4	0.4	0.3
2001 to 2010	1,365	690	675	0.9	1.0	0.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,585	1,300	1,285	1.8	1.8	1.7
2011 to 2015	1,230	620	610	0.8	0.9	0.8
2016 to 2021	1,360	685	675	0.9	0.9	0.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,730	940	785	1.2	1.3	1.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,295	2,730	2,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	660	365	290	12.5	13.4	11.3
5 to 14 years	765	340	430	14.4	12.5	16.8
15 to 24 years	770	405	370	14.5	14.8	14.5
25 to 44 years	2,845	1,480	1,365	53.7	54.2	53.3
45 years and over	255	145	110	4.8	5.3	4.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,295	2,730	2,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,125	545	575	21.2	20.0	22.5
Brazil	115	50	65	2.2	1.8	2.5
Colombia	240	105	130	4.5	3.8	5.1
El Salvador	20	10	15	0.4	0.4	0.6
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	185	95	90	3.5	3.5	3.5
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	120	55	65	2.3	2.0	2.5
Peru	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
United States of America	150	80	70	2.8	2.9	2.7
Other places of birth in Americas	265	130	135	5.0	4.8	5.3
Europe	1,800	955	840	34.0	35.0	32.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.4
Croatia	15	15	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
France	1,285	735	555	24.3	26.9	21.7
Germany	65	30	40	1.2	1.1	1.6
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	40	20	15	0.8	0.7	0.6
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	20	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.6
Romania	35	15	20	0.7	0.5	0.8
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	45	10	35	0.8	0.4	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	25	20	0.8	0.9	0.8
Other places of birth in Europe	210	100	115	4.0	3.7	4.5
Africa	1,850	975	875	34.9	35.7	34.2
Algeria	240	145	95	4.5	5.3	3.7
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	70	40	25	1.3	1.5	1.0
Egypt	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	275	165	110	5.2	6.0	4.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,260	615	645	23.8	22.5	25.2
Asia	510	250	260	9.6	9.2	10.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	40	30	10	0.8	1.1	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	35	20	15	0.7	0.7	0.6
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	165	65	95	3.1	2.4	3.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Philippines	10	10	10	0.2	0.4	0.4
Viet Nam	90	45	45	1.7	1.6	1.8
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	100	40	60	1.9	1.5	2.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,355	680	670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	215	105	115	15.9	15.4	17.2
Brazil	60	25	30	4.4	3.7	4.5
Colombia	55	20	35	4.1	2.9	5.2
Haiti	20	0	10	1.5	0.0	1.5
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.5
United States of America	25	10	10	1.8	1.5	1.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	25	10	2.2	3.7	1.5
Europe	385	200	180	28.4	29.4	26.9
France	310	185	125	22.9	27.2	18.7
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	15	1.1	0.0	2.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	30	10	20	2.2	1.5	3.0
Africa	645	320	325	47.6	47.1	48.5
Algeria	105	55	50	7.7	8.1	7.5
Burundi	25	10	10	1.8	1.5	1.5
Cameroon	50	25	30	3.7	3.7	4.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	95	50	40	7.0	7.4	6.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	65	40	30	4.8	5.9	4.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	125	75	55	9.2	11.0	8.2
Other places of birth in Africa	170	60	105	12.5	8.8	15.7
Asia	110	55	50	8.1	8.1	7.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	20	20	2.6	2.9	3.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	15	10	2.2	2.2	1.5
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.5
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0	0.7	1.5	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	0.7	1.5	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	146,235	72,265	73,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,790	4,050	3,740	5.3	5.6	5.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,865	2,555	2,310	3.3	3.5	3.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	133,580	65,655	67,920	91.3	90.9	91.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,790	2,465	2,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,845	1,600	1,250	59.4	64.9	53.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,460	975	480	30.5	39.6	20.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,390	620	770	29.0	25.2	33.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,500	640	865	31.3	26.0	37.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	415	220	195	8.7	8.9	8.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	30	10	20	0.6	0.4	0.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,790	2,465	2,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	125	60	60	2.6	2.4	2.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	580	315	265	12.1	12.8	11.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	175	80	100	3.7	3.2	4.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	430	290	140	9.0	11.8	6.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	55	20	35	1.1	0.8	1.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,430	1,700	1,725	71.6	69.0	74.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	146,235	72,265	73,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,825	3,030	2,795	4.0	4.2	3.8
South Asian	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	455	115	335	0.3	0.2	0.5
Black	2,515	1,315	1,200	1.7	1.8	1.6
Filipino	90	85	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arab	1,080	635	445	0.7	0.9	0.6
Latin American	875	485	390	0.6	0.7	0.5
Southeast Asian	395	210	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Asian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	95	35	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	140,410	69,235	71,175	96.0	95.8	96.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	146,235	72,265	73,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	58,060	28,420	29,650	39.7	39.3	40.1
English	1,410	715	690	1.0	1.0	0.9
Irish	6,210	3,090	3,120	4.2	4.3	4.2
Scottish	1,885	1,000	885	1.3	1.4	1.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	40,875	20,805	20,070	28.0	28.8	27.1
German	1,460	715	750	1.0	1.0	1.0
Chinese	430	120	310	0.3	0.2	0.4
Italian	1,335	675	655	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indian (India)	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	180	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	145	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	245	105	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Québécois	18,595	9,015	9,580	12.7	12.5	13.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	260	105	150	0.2	0.1	0.2
Filipino	95	85	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
French Canadian	14,765	7,025	7,740	10.1	9.7	10.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,770	1,380	1,385	1.9	1.9	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,110	910	1,200	1.4	1.3	1.6
Métis	435	235	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,650	800	855	1.1	1.1	1.2
Russian	105	35	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Norwegian	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Welsh	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	285	125	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	530	265	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	480	235	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swedish	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	90	35	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Acadian	1,605	715	885	1.1	1.0	1.2
Pakistani	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	425	210	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	170	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	465	250	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Greek	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaican	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	65	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	65	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	130	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,545	775	770	1.1	1.1	1.0
Danish	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	470	190	280	0.3	0.3	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Belgian	590	335	255	0.4	0.5	0.3
Haitian	400	225	175	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	195	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	330	125	205	0.2	0.2	0.3
Finnish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	65	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japanese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	275	150	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	435	250	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moroccan	330	190	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Czech	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	65	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	85	35	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	275	150	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Brazilian	170	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	395	215	180	0.3	0.3	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	190	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	155	55	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	130	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	425	245	175	0.3	0.3	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	450	215	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	190	80	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	200	115	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	70	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	260	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moldovan	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	175	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	310	140	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
Norman	215	105	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	180	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	75	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	195	125	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	70	40	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamileke	75	35	35	0.1	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	65	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	120	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Beninese	65	45	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	146,235	72,265	73,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	240	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	105,285	50,485	54,800	72.0	69.9	74.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,230	4,605	4,625	6.3	6.4	6.3
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	70	40	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baptist	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catholic	94,005	44,925	49,075	64.3	62.2	66.3
Christian Orthodox	175	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	370	170	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	315	160	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Presbyterian	65	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Reformed	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	720	315	405	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hindu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	1,795	1,030	770	1.2	1.4	1.0
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	260	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	38,625	20,505	18,120	26.4	28.4	24.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	144,895	71,555	73,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	128,040	63,490	64,545	88.4	88.7	88.0
Movers	16,860	8,060	8,795	11.6	11.3	12.0
Non-migrants	10,520	5,030	5,490	7.3	7.0	7.5
Migrants	6,335	3,035	3,305	4.4	4.2	4.5
Internal migrants	5,630	2,665	2,965	3.9	3.7	4.0
Intraprovincial migrants	5,365	2,540	2,825	3.7	3.5	3.9
Interprovincial migrants	265	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	710	375	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	139,100	68,620	70,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	90,290	44,865	45,430	64.9	65.4	64.5
Movers	48,800	23,750	25,050	35.1	34.6	35.5
Non-migrants	24,640	11,930	12,710	17.7	17.4	18.0
Migrants	24,165	11,820	12,345	17.4	17.2	17.5
Internal migrants	21,605	10,530	11,075	15.5	15.3	15.7
Intraprovincial migrants	20,935	10,225	10,720	15.1	14.9	15.2
Interprovincial migrants	665	310	360	0.5	0.5	0.5
External migrants	2,560	1,295	1,270	1.8	1.9	1.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	121,100	59,435	61,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,820	9,865	7,955	14.7	16.6	12.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	103,280	49,570	53,700	85.3	83.4	87.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	76,860	37,920	38,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,530	4,035	2,490	8.5	10.6	6.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	70,330	33,885	36,445	91.5	89.4	93.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	121,095	59,440	61,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,465	8,105	7,360	12.8	13.6	11.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	24,085	11,365	12,725	19.9	19.1	20.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	81,550	39,975	41,575	67.3	67.3	67.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	51,785	26,460	25,330	42.8	44.5	41.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20,365	12,795	7,575	16.8	21.5	12.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	14,855	8,140	6,720	12.3	13.7	10.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,515	4,655	855	4.6	7.8	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	26,260	11,595	14,665	21.7	19.5	23.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,160	2,070	3,085	4.3	3.5	5.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	29,765	13,515	16,255	24.6	22.7	26.4
Bachelor's degree	19,735	8,695	11,045	16.3	14.6	17.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,560	1,190	1,370	2.1	2.0	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	770	320	445	0.6	0.5	0.7
Master's degree	5,820	2,780	3,040	4.8	4.7	4.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	875	535	340	0.7	0.9	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	76,855	37,915	38,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,005	2,940	2,060	6.5	7.8	5.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,730	5,630	5,095	14.0	14.8	13.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	61,125	29,345	31,785	79.5	77.4	81.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,220	19,095	18,120	48.4	50.4	46.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15,270	9,480	5,795	19.9	25.0	14.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,305	6,115	5,190	14.7	16.1	13.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,970	3,365	600	5.2	8.9	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,525	8,280	10,240	24.1	21.8	26.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,420	1,335	2,090	4.4	3.5	5.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	23,900	10,245	13,655	31.1	27.0	35.1
Bachelor's degree	15,785	6,680	9,110	20.5	17.6	23.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,105	890	1,215	2.7	2.3	3.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	580	200	385	0.8	0.5	1.0
Master's degree	4,760	2,115	2,650	6.2	5.6	6.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	665	370	300	0.9	1.0	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	121,100	59,440	61,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	39,545	19,465	20,085	32.7	32.7	32.6
Education	6,595	1,675	4,920	5.4	2.8	8.0
13. Education	6,595	1,675	4,920	5.4	2.8	8.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,375	1,030	1,350	2.0	1.7	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	395	270	125	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,980	760	1,225	1.6	1.3	2.0
Humanities	3,935	1,685	2,255	3.2	2.8	3.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	515	115	405	0.4	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,200	985	1,215	1.8	1.7	2.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	225	155	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	245	175	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	505	150	355	0.4	0.3	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,680	2,215	4,470	5.5	3.7	7.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	895	310	585	0.7	0.5	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,585	165	1,425	1.3	0.3	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	1,335	515	820	1.1	0.9	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	220	15	200	0.2	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	985	255	730	0.8	0.4	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,635	945	695	1.4	1.6	1.1
Business, management and public administration	20,790	8,045	12,745	17.2	13.5	20.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,365	315	1,055	1.1	0.5	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	19,415	7,730	11,690	16.0	13.0	19.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,715	1,385	1,335	2.2	2.3	2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	995	420	585	0.8	0.7	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	335	195	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	560	240	315	0.5	0.4	0.5
40. Physical sciences	615	440	175	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	210	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,635	2,635	1,000	3.0	4.4	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,175	2,440	740	2.6	4.1	1.2
25. Library science	225	35	190	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	210	145	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	16,370	14,960	1,410	13.5	25.2	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	775	460	315	0.6	0.8	0.5
14. Engineering	2,485	2,180	305	2.1	3.7	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,580	3,110	465	3.0	5.2	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,655	3,530	125	3.0	5.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,435	3,325	110	2.8	5.6	0.2
48. Precision production	2,440	2,355	85	2.0	4.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,965	1,190	770	1.6	2.0	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,315	675	640	1.1	1.1	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	645	515	130	0.5	0.9	0.2
Health and related fields	10,745	2,005	8,735	8.9	3.4	14.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	625	355	270	0.5	0.6	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,810	1,515	8,295	8.1	2.5	13.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	305	130	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,705	3,145	2,565	4.7	5.3	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,920	740	2,185	2.4	1.2	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,150	875	275	0.9	1.5	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,595	1,500	100	1.3	2.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	76,855	37,920	38,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,735	8,575	7,160	20.5	22.6	18.4
Education	4,485	970	3,515	5.8	2.6	9.0
13. Education	4,485	970	3,515	5.8	2.6	9.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,775	730	1,045	2.3	1.9	2.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	300	205	95	0.4	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,475	525	950	1.9	1.4	2.4
Humanities	2,420	1,030	1,390	3.1	2.7	3.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	385	80	305	0.5	0.2	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,190	555	640	1.5	1.5	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	120	85	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	205	150	55	0.3	0.4	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	360	100	260	0.5	0.3	0.7
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,160	1,570	3,590	6.7	4.1	9.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	735	245	490	1.0	0.6	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,340	145	1,195	1.7	0.4	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	1,015	350	665	1.3	0.9	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	150	15	135	0.2	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	750	175	575	1.0	0.5	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,145	625	525	1.5	1.6	1.3
Business, management and public administration	16,460	6,080	10,380	21.4	16.0	26.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,060	225	835	1.4	0.6	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,390	5,850	9,535	20.0	15.4	24.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,810	925	890	2.4	2.4	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	815	310	505	1.1	0.8	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	205	115	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	105	80	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	530	360	165	0.7	0.9	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	155	50	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,060	2,265	790	4.0	6.0	2.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,775	2,170	605	3.6	5.7	1.6
25. Library science	150	15	140	0.2	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	120	80	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,315	11,110	1,205	16.0	29.3	3.1
04. Architecture and related services	590	330	265	0.8	0.9	0.7
14. Engineering	2,080	1,790	290	2.7	4.7	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,750	2,360	385	3.6	6.2	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,680	2,590	95	3.5	6.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,395	2,300	95	3.1	6.1	0.2
48. Precision production	1,820	1,740	75	2.4	4.6	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,485	835	650	1.9	2.2	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,000	465	530	1.3	1.2	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	485	370	110	0.6	1.0	0.3
Health and related fields	7,695	1,420	6,270	10.0	3.7	16.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	450	230	215	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,000	1,105	5,895	9.1	2.9	15.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	240	90	155	0.3	0.2	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,430	2,380	2,045	5.8	6.3	5.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,285	555	1,735	3.0	1.5	4.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	905	685	220	1.2	1.8	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,220	1,135	85	1.6	3.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	76,855	37,920	38,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,735	8,575	7,160	20.5	22.6	18.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	61,120	29,340	31,780	79.5	77.4	81.6
Location of study inside Canada	58,340	27,895	30,440	75.9	73.6	78.2
Same as province or territory of residence	57,480	27,400	30,085	74.8	72.3	77.3
Different than province or territory of residence	860	495	365	1.1	1.3	0.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,785	1,450	1,340	3.6	3.8	3.4
Americas	550	280	270	0.7	0.7	0.7
United States of America	115	65	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mexico	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,255	690	565	1.6	1.8	1.5
Belgium	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	995	565	430	1.3	1.5	1.1
Germany	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	45	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	790	400	390	1.0	1.1	1.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	100	65	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Morocco	145	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisia	190	120	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	350	150	195	0.5	0.4	0.5
Asia	185	70	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oceania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	121,095	59,440	61,660	...	...	...
In the labour force	82,800	42,390	40,405	...	...	...
Employed	78,375	40,365	38,010	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,420	2,030	2,395	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	38,305	17,050	21,255	...	...	...
Participation rate	68.4	71.3	65.5	68.4	71.3	65.5
Employment rate	64.7	67.9	61.6	64.7	67.9	61.6
Unemployment rate	5.3	4.8	5.9	5.3	4.8	5.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	121,100	59,440	61,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	36,690	16,095	20,595	30.3	27.1	33.4
Worked	84,405	43,345	41,065	69.7	72.9	66.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	49,070	26,025	23,050	40.5	43.8	37.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	35,335	17,320	18,015	29.2	29.1	29.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.3	43.8	42.9	43.3	43.8	42.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	82,795	42,390	40,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,165	535	625	1.4	1.3	1.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	81,635	41,855	39,775	98.6	98.7	98.4
Employee	74,265	37,570	36,700	89.7	88.6	90.8
Permanent position	63,290	32,230	31,070	76.4	76.0	76.9
Temporary position	10,970	5,340	5,630	13.2	12.6	13.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,860	1,775	2,085	4.7	4.2	5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,115	3,565	3,550	8.6	8.4	8.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,365	4,280	3,085	8.9	10.1	7.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	82,795	42,390	40,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,165	535	625	1.4	1.3	1.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	81,635	41,855	39,775	98.6	98.7	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,485	1,100	380	1.8	2.6	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	16,590	5,620	10,975	20.0	13.3	27.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	8,130	6,110	2,025	9.8	14.4	5.0
3 Health occupations	7,475	1,415	6,060	9.0	3.3	15.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10,585	3,150	7,435	12.8	7.4	18.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,820	905	915	2.2	2.1	2.3
6 Sales and service occupations	19,500	9,225	10,275	23.6	21.8	25.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,955	11,155	795	14.4	26.3	2.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	750	590	165	0.9	1.4	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,335	2,590	750	4.0	6.1	1.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	82,795	42,390	40,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,165	535	625	1.4	1.3	1.5
All industries¹⁹¹	81,635	41,855	39,775	98.6	98.7	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	685	440	245	0.8	1.0	0.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	220	200	20	0.3	0.5	0.0
22 Utilities	330	290	45	0.4	0.7	0.1
23 Construction	5,665	4,850	820	6.8	11.4	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	8,125	6,105	2,020	9.8	14.4	5.0
41 Wholesale trade	2,770	2,135	640	3.3	5.0	1.6
44-45 Retail trade	9,645	4,790	4,855	11.6	11.3	12.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,795	2,295	500	3.4	5.4	1.2
51 Information and cultural industries	810	520	290	1.0	1.2	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	6,975	2,670	4,310	8.4	6.3	10.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,110	610	500	1.3	1.4	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,125	3,630	2,500	7.4	8.6	6.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	165	65	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,750	1,755	990	3.3	4.1	2.5
61 Educational services	6,145	1,840	4,310	7.4	4.3	10.7
62 Health care and social assistance	12,020	2,250	9,765	14.5	5.3	24.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	935	490	445	1.1	1.2	1.1
72 Accommodation and food services	3,975	1,790	2,180	4.8	4.2	5.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,945	1,480	1,465	3.6	3.5	3.6
91 Public administration	7,435	3,650	3,780	9.0	8.6	9.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	87,760	44,945	42,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	750	470	275	0.9	1.0	0.6
French	74,940	37,005	37,935	85.4	82.3	88.6
Non-official language	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	11,750	7,330	4,420	13.4	16.3	10.3
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	87,760	44,945	42,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	86,375	44,095	42,275	98.4	98.1	98.8
Official languages	86,320	44,070	42,245	98.4	98.1	98.7
English	1,910	1,220	690	2.2	2.7	1.6
French	84,410	42,850	41,555	96.2	95.3	97.1
Non-official languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,385	850	530	1.6	1.9	1.2
English and French	1,345	835	505	1.5	1.9	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	87,760	44,945	42,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	77,075	38,325	38,750	87.8	85.3	90.5
English	9,295	5,775	3,520	10.6	12.8	8.2
French	1,160	740	420	1.3	1.6	1.0
Non-official language	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	78,375	40,365	38,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	18,885	8,950	9,940	24.1	22.2	26.2
Worked outside Canada	55	55	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	7,420	5,725	1,695	9.5	14.2	4.5
Usual place of work	52,010	25,630	26,380	66.4	63.5	69.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	52,015	25,630	26,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	30,955	14,635	16,320	59.5	57.1	61.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	20,975	10,940	10,040	40.3	42.7	38.1
Commute to a different province or territory	75	55	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	59,435	31,360	28,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	54,000	28,855	25,140	90.9	92.0	89.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	50,980	27,530	23,455	85.8	87.8	83.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,010	1,320	1,690	5.1	4.2	6.0
Public transit	1,975	875	1,100	3.3	2.8	3.9
Walked	2,340	970	1,370	3.9	3.1	4.9
Bicycle	375	280	95	0.6	0.9	0.3
Other method	750	385	365	1.3	1.2	1.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	59,435	31,360	28,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	20,575	9,955	10,625	34.6	31.7	37.8
15 to 29 minutes	24,190	12,925	11,265	40.7	41.2	40.1
30 to 44 minutes	10,885	6,345	4,540	18.3	20.2	16.2
45 to 59 minutes	2,300	1,195	1,100	3.9	3.8	3.9
60 minutes and over	1,480	945	540	2.5	3.0	1.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	59,435	31,360	28,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,515	2,855	660	5.9	9.1	2.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	12,195	8,190	4,010	20.5	26.1	14.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	20,515	9,425	11,090	34.5	30.1	39.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,635	4,335	6,300	17.9	13.8	22.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,475	2,090	2,385	7.5	6.7	8.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,090	4,465	3,630	13.6	14.2	12.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	30,685	15,695	14,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,570	1,305	1,265	8.4	8.3	8.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	28,115	14,395	13,725	91.6	91.7	91.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	22,995	11,770	11,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,120	1,080	1,030	9.2	9.2	9.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,585	805	775	6.9	6.8	6.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	530	275	260	2.3	2.3	2.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,875	10,680	10,195	90.8	90.7	90.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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