Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Lévis--LotbinièreMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	112,830	56,370	56,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21,440	10,995	10,445	19.0	19.5	18.5
0 to 4 years	6,360	3,225	3,135	5.6	5.7	5.6
5 to 9 years	7,405	3,825	3,575	6.6	6.8	6.3
10 to 14 years	7,680	3,945	3,735	6.8	7.0	6.6
15 to 64 years	70,780	35,355	35,415	62.7	62.7	62.7
15 to 19 years	6,345	3,170	3,170	5.6	5.6	5.6
20 to 24 years	5,375	2,775	2,600	4.8	4.9	4.6
25 to 29 years	6,175	2,980	3,200	5.5	5.3	5.7
30 to 34 years	6,835	3,465	3,375	6.1	6.1	6.0
35 to 39 years	7,515	3,760	3,760	6.7	6.7	6.7
40 to 44 years	8,400	4,200	4,200	7.4	7.5	7.4
45 to 49 years	7,475	3,765	3,705	6.6	6.7	6.6
50 to 54 years	7,025	3,560	3,465	6.2	6.3	6.1
55 to 59 years	7,855	3,910	3,940	7.0	6.9	7.0
60 to 64 years	7,775	3,770	4,005	6.9	6.7	7.1
65 years and over	20,610	10,015	10,590	18.3	17.8	18.8
65 to 69 years	7,190	3,550	3,640	6.4	6.3	6.4
70 to 74 years	6,065	3,040	3,025	5.4	5.4	5.4
75 to 79 years	3,865	1,885	1,990	3.4	3.3	3.5
80 to 84 years	1,965	950	1,005	1.7	1.7	1.8
85 years and over	1,525	590	935	1.4	1.0	1.7
85 to 89 years	975	415	565	0.9	0.7	1.0
90 to 94 years	420	145	270	0.4	0.3	0.5
95 to 99 years	105	25	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
100 years and over	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.0	19.5	18.5	19.0	19.5	18.5
15 to 64 years	62.7	62.7	62.7	62.7	62.7	62.7
65 years and over	18.3	17.8	18.8	18.3	17.8	18.8
85 years and over	1.4	1.0	1.7	1.4	1.0	1.7
Average age of the population	40.9	40.4	41.3	40.9	40.4	41.3
Median age of the population	41.6	41.2	42.0	41.6	41.2	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	46,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	29,435	...	...	62.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,135	...	...	8.8	...	...
Row house	800	...	...	1.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,450	...	...	3.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,665	...	...	20.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	735	...	...	1.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	675	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	46,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	12,930	...	...	27.5	...	...
2 persons	17,570	...	...	37.4	...	...
3 persons	6,515	...	...	13.9	...	...
4 persons	6,985	...	...	14.9	...	...
5 or more persons	2,985	...	...	6.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	111,410	55,855	55,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	91,385	45,370	46,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	59,165	29,605	29,560	64.7	65.3	64.2
Married	27,815	13,925	13,890	30.4	30.7	30.2
Living common-law	31,350	15,680	15,670	34.3	34.6	34.1
Living common law - Never married	26,595	13,210	13,385	29.1	29.1	29.1
Living common law - Separated	265	140	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	4,080	2,135	1,940	4.5	4.7	4.2
Living common law - Widowed	405	190	215	0.4	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	32,220	15,765	16,455	35.3	34.7	35.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,405	12,535	10,865	25.6	27.6	23.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	885	420	465	1.0	0.9	1.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,660	1,940	2,715	5.1	4.3	5.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,275	865	2,410	3.6	1.9	5.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,315	...	...	52.1	...	...
3 persons	6,320	...	...	19.0	...	...
4 persons	6,880	...	...	20.7	...	...
5 or more persons	2,740	...	...	8.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	29,210	...	...	87.8	...	...
Married couples	13,545	...	...	40.7	...	...
With children⁶	5,080	...	...	15.3	...	...
Without children	8,455	...	...	25.4	...	...
Common-law couples	15,665	...	...	47.1	...	...
With children⁶	9,050	...	...	27.2	...	...
Without children	6,610	...	...	19.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,045	...	...	12.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,675	...	...	8.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,370	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	111,410	55,855	55,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	95,505	47,945	47,565	85.7	85.8	85.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	58,415	29,215	29,200	52.4	52.3	52.6
Parents in one-parent families	4,045	1,370	2,670	3.6	2.5	4.8
Children⁶	33,050	17,355	15,695	29.7	31.1	28.3
In a two-parent family	26,695	13,920	12,765	24.0	24.9	23.0
In a one-parent family	6,355	3,430	2,930	5.7	6.1	5.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,905	7,915	7,990	14.3	14.2	14.4
Living alone	12,930	6,280	6,650	11.6	11.2	12.0
Living with other relatives⁷	1,130	530	600	1.0	0.9	1.1
Living with non-relatives only	1,840	1,100	740	1.7	2.0	1.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	46,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	32,155	...	...	68.4	...	...
Couple-family households	28,425	...	...	60.5	...	...
With children⁶	13,800	...	...	29.4	...	...
Without children	14,625	...	...	31.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,725	...	...	7.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	320	...	...	0.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	495	...	...	1.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,000	...	...	2.1	...	...
One-person households	12,930	...	...	27.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	89,975	44,865	45,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,665	44,235	44,430	98.5	98.6	98.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,800	54,800	44,000	48,800	54,800	44,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,680	44,240	44,440	98.6	98.6	98.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	46,000	38,400	42,000	46,000	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,435	42,740	41,695	93.8	95.3	92.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	48,400	34,800	41,600	48,400	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,615	36,125	33,490	77.4	80.5	74.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	50,000	39,200	44,400	50,000	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,920	32,585	37,340	77.7	72.6	82.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,700	8,600	10,600	9,700	8,600	10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,180	6,060	5,120	12.4	13.5	11.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,440	4,960	5,920	5,440	4,960	5,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,640	12,875	10,765	26.3	28.7	23.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,480	6,000	6,000	5,480	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	89,945	44,830	45,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,720	44,165	44,555	98.6	98.5	98.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,300	63,550	49,120	56,300	63,550	49,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,725	44,165	44,560	98.6	98.5	98.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,840	50,480	41,240	45,840	50,480	41,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,390	42,685	41,700	93.8	95.2	92.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,760	57,650	41,640	49,760	57,650	41,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,610	36,045	33,560	77.4	80.4	74.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,600	56,450	44,360	50,600	56,450	44,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,680	32,390	37,290	77.5	72.3	82.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,420	10,640	12,100	11,420	10,640	12,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,750	5,865	4,885	12.0	13.1	10.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,140	5,795	8,750	7,140	5,795	8,750
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,510	12,595	10,915	26.1	28.1	24.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,020	6,670	7,430	7,020	6,670	7,430
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	89,945	44,830	45,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	37,770	20,170	17,605	42.0	45.0	39.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	67,500	57,200	62,400	67,500	57,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,100	76,200	63,200	70,100	76,200	63,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,125	12,775	13,355	29.0	28.5	29.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	25,800	17,800	20,600	25,800	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,520	35,560	25,640	30,520	35,560	25,640
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.0	87.8	79.4	84.0	87.8	79.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.6	72.4	68.0	70.6	72.4	68.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.9	12.3	20.6	15.9	12.3	20.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.2	2.0	1.5	1.2	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.9	3.4	4.5	3.9	3.4	4.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.3	3.0	3.7	3.3	3.0	3.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	89,975	44,865	45,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,310	630	680	1.5	1.4	1.5
With total income	88,665	44,235	44,430	98.5	98.6	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,730	2,015	2,720	5.3	4.5	6.1
$10,000 to $19,999	8,300	3,015	5,285	9.4	6.8	11.9
$20,000 to $29,999	10,990	4,735	6,255	12.4	10.7	14.1
$30,000 to $39,999	9,995	4,360	5,635	11.3	9.9	12.7
$40,000 to $49,999	11,460	5,360	6,100	12.9	12.1	13.7
$50,000 to $59,999	10,765	5,535	5,225	12.1	12.5	11.8
$60,000 to $69,999	8,385	4,625	3,755	9.5	10.5	8.5
$70,000 to $79,999	6,325	3,720	2,605	7.1	8.4	5.9
$80,000 to $89,999	5,225	2,980	2,250	5.9	6.7	5.1
$90,000 to $99,999	3,700	2,045	1,655	4.2	4.6	3.7
$100,000 and over	8,790	5,840	2,955	9.9	13.2	6.6
$100,000 to $149,999	6,475	4,155	2,315	7.3	9.4	5.2
$150,000 and over	2,315	1,685	630	2.6	3.8	1.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	89,975	44,865	45,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,300	630	670	1.4	1.4	1.5
With after-tax income	88,680	44,240	44,440	98.6	98.6	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,165	2,120	3,045	5.8	4.8	6.9
$10,000 to $19,999	8,910	3,315	5,595	10.0	7.5	12.6
$20,000 to $29,999	13,050	5,645	7,405	14.7	12.8	16.7
$30,000 to $39,999	13,815	6,350	7,465	15.6	14.3	16.8
$40,000 to $49,999	14,695	7,675	7,020	16.6	17.4	15.8
$50,000 to $59,999	11,460	6,420	5,045	12.9	14.5	11.4
$60,000 to $69,999	8,215	4,610	3,600	9.3	10.4	8.1
$70,000 to $79,999	5,310	2,885	2,420	6.0	6.5	5.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,085	1,815	1,270	3.5	4.1	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,720	1,110	610	1.9	2.5	1.4
$100,000 and over	3,265	2,305	960	3.7	5.2	2.1
$100,000 to $124,999	1,850	1,255	595	2.1	2.8	1.4
$125,000 and over	1,415	1,050	365	1.6	2.4	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	89,975	44,865	45,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	20,360	8,745	11,620	22.6	19.5	25.8
With employment income	69,615	36,125	33,490	77.4	80.5	74.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,105	3,805	3,300	10.2	10.5	9.9
$5,000 to $9,999	4,580	1,960	2,625	6.6	5.4	7.8
$10,000 to $19,999	7,400	3,190	4,210	10.6	8.8	12.6
$20,000 to $29,999	5,885	2,585	3,300	8.4	7.2	9.9
$30,000 to $39,999	6,465	2,890	3,580	9.3	8.0	10.7
$40,000 to $49,999	7,570	3,580	3,990	10.9	9.9	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	6,850	3,630	3,215	9.8	10.1	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	5,735	3,375	2,350	8.2	9.4	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,555	2,650	1,905	6.5	7.3	5.7
$80,000 to $89,999	4,060	2,235	1,830	5.8	6.2	5.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,640	1,595	1,045	3.8	4.4	3.1
$100,000 and over	6,765	4,630	2,135	9.7	12.8	6.4
$100,000 to $124,999	3,610	2,355	1,255	5.2	6.5	3.7
$125,000 and over	3,155	2,275	880	4.5	6.3	2.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	89,975	44,865	45,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,535	43,650	43,890	97.3	97.3	97.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,200	53,200	41,600	47,200	53,200	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,565	43,655	43,915	97.3	97.3	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	44,800	36,400	40,400	44,800	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,320	42,245	41,075	92.6	94.2	91.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	49,600	35,600	42,000	49,600	35,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,065	36,310	33,755	77.9	80.9	74.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	50,400	38,800	44,000	50,400	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,495	28,230	34,270	69.5	62.9	76.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,400	5,560	8,400	7,400	5,560	8,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	10,935	6,110	4,820	12.2	13.6	10.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,520	4,000	5,640	4,520	4,000	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	89,945	44,830	45,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,565	43,600	43,965	97.4	97.3	97.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,450	62,900	46,040	54,450	62,900	46,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,575	43,605	43,970	97.4	97.3	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,200	49,720	38,680	44,200	49,720	38,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,160	42,150	41,015	92.5	94.0	90.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,440	59,550	41,120	50,440	59,550	41,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,000	36,160	33,840	77.8	80.7	75.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,880	58,200	43,080	50,880	58,200	43,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,355	28,055	34,300	69.3	62.6	76.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,160	8,300	9,870	9,160	8,300	9,870
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,650	5,930	4,720	11.8	13.2	10.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,070	5,135	9,510	7,070	5,135	9,510
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	89,945	44,830	45,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	37,670	20,125	17,545	41.9	44.9	38.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	65,000	53,200	59,600	65,000	53,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,600	75,700	58,250	67,600	75,700	58,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,015	12,315	12,705	27.8	27.5	28.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,600	31,200	22,000	25,600	31,200	22,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,160	41,000	29,520	35,160	41,000	29,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.0	91.6	83.2	88.0	91.6	83.2
Employment income (%)	74.8	76.8	72.0	74.8	76.8	72.0
Government transfers (%)	12.0	8.5	16.7	12.0	8.5	16.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.1	2.2	1.6	1.1	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	46,980	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	12,930	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,200	...	...	47,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...	40,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	34,050	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	46,980	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	106,300	...	...	106,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	86,600	...	...	86,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,920	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,900	...	...	53,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,480	...	...	44,480	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	34,060	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,200	...	...	126,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,500	...	...	102,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	46,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	170	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	270	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	400	...	...	0.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,495	...	...	3.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,095	...	...	2.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,095	...	...	2.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,595	...	...	3.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,815	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,810	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,645	...	...	7.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,310	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,150	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,055	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,030	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,955	...	...	44.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,470	...	...	13.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,865	...	...	10.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,710	...	...	12.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,915	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	46,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	215	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	280	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	455	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,620	...	...	3.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,375	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,595	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,175	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,325	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,220	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,260	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,025	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,810	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,725	...	...	7.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,300	...	...	7.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,510	...	...	33.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,600	...	...	14.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,200	...	...	8.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,715	...	...	10.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	33,320	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,710	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,170	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...	148,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,970	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,775	7,380	7,390	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,000	50,000	42,000	46,000	50,000	42,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	42,400	36,800	39,600	42,400	36,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	33,310	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	126,800	...	...	126,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,900	...	...	102,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,710	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,600	...	...	104,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,500	...	...	85,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,195	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	161,800	...	...	161,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,800	...	...	129,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,955	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,400	...	...	85,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,200	...	...	72,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,790	7,310	7,485	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,100	57,000	47,360	52,100	57,000	47,360
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,160	46,160	40,240	43,160	46,160	40,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	111,410	55,855	55,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	25,415	12,970	12,445	22.8	23.2	22.4
0 to 5 years	7,810	3,970	3,835	7.0	7.1	6.9
18 to 64 years	66,690	33,325	33,365	59.9	59.7	60.1
65 years and over	19,305	9,555	9,745	17.3	17.1	17.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,185	2,795	3,390	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,020	525	490	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	300	155	145	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,665	1,295	1,370	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,505	975	1,530	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.6	5.0	6.1	5.6	5.0	6.1
0 to 17 years (%)	4.0	4.0	3.9	4.0	4.0	3.9
0 to 5 years (%)	3.8	4.0	3.8	3.8	4.0	3.8
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	3.9	4.1	4.0	3.9	4.1
65 years and over (%)	13.0	10.2	15.7	13.0	10.2	15.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	111,410	55,855	55,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	25,415	12,970	12,445	22.8	23.2	22.4
0 to 5 years	7,810	3,970	3,835	7.0	7.1	6.9
18 to 64 years	66,690	33,325	33,365	59.9	59.7	60.1
65 years and over	19,305	9,555	9,745	17.3	17.1	17.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,190	1,065	1,125	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	370	190	175	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	105	60	50	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,415	735	680	...	...	...
65 years and over	405	135	265	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.0	1.9	2.0	2.0	1.9	2.0
0 to 17 years (%)	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.4
0 to 5 years (%)	1.3	1.4	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.2
18 to 64 years (%)	2.1	2.2	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.0
65 years and over (%)	2.1	1.4	2.7	2.1	1.4	2.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	111,410	55,855	55,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	47,335	23,025	24,310	42.5	41.2	43.8
In bottom decile	4,825	2,215	2,615	4.3	4.0	4.7
In second decile	7,925	3,730	4,195	7.1	6.7	7.6
In third decile	9,825	4,695	5,130	8.8	8.4	9.2
In fourth decile	11,645	5,760	5,880	10.5	10.3	10.6
In fifth decile	13,115	6,630	6,490	11.8	11.9	11.7
In top half of the distribution	64,075	32,830	31,245	57.5	58.8	56.2
In sixth decile	14,605	7,450	7,150	13.1	13.3	12.9
In seventh decile	15,540	7,960	7,580	13.9	14.3	13.6
In eighth decile	14,320	7,300	7,020	12.9	13.1	12.6
In ninth decile	11,525	5,945	5,585	10.3	10.6	10.1
In top decile	8,085	4,175	3,915	7.3	7.5	7.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	111,410	...	...	111,410	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.272	...	...	0.272	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.362	...	...	0.362	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.233	...	...	0.233	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	111,870	56,035	55,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	180	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
French only	69,305	32,940	36,365	62.0	58.8	65.1
English and French	42,265	22,905	19,365	37.8	40.9	34.7
Neither English nor French	120	85	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	111,870	56,035	55,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,330	730	595	1.2	1.3	1.1
French	109,940	54,985	54,955	98.3	98.1	98.4
English and French	485	240	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Neither English nor French	115	80	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	111,870	56,035	55,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	110,775	55,470	55,305	99.0	99.0	99.0
Official languages	108,910	54,505	54,410	97.4	97.3	97.4
English	1,140	635	500	1.0	1.1	0.9
French	107,775	53,870	53,905	96.3	96.1	96.5
Non-official languages	1,865	970	900	1.7	1.7	1.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,855	965	895	1.7	1.7	1.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	420	250	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	385	230	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	375	230	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,005	500	505	0.9	0.9	0.9
Albanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	815	415	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	165	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	555	300	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,095	560	535	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	760	390	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	260	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	111,870	56,035	55,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	495	270	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
French	105,750	52,785	52,965	94.5	94.2	94.9
Non-official language	470	260	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	470	260	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
English and French	3,450	1,865	1,585	3.1	3.3	2.8
English and non-official language(s)	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,170	585	585	1.0	1.0	1.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	435	220	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	111,870	56,035	55,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	110,935	55,570	55,365	99.2	99.2	99.1
Official languages	110,035	55,095	54,945	98.4	98.3	98.4
English	875	485	395	0.8	0.9	0.7
French	109,165	54,610	54,550	97.6	97.5	97.7
Non-official languages	895	480	420	0.8	0.9	0.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	895	480	420	0.8	0.9	0.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	165	95	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	145	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	145	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	530	270	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	470	240	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	355	195	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	935	465	470	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	585	290	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	285	140	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	111,870	56,035	55,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	107,530	53,730	53,805	96.1	95.9	96.4
English	2,650	1,440	1,205	2.4	2.6	2.2
French	635	350	285	0.6	0.6	0.5
Non-official language	685	340	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	680	340	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	111,420	55,850	55,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	111,335	55,795	55,535	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	42,395	23,040	19,355	38.0	41.3	34.8
French	111,180	55,700	55,480	99.8	99.7	99.8
Non-official languages	5,620	2,615	3,010	5.0	4.7	5.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,605	2,600	3,000	5.0	4.7	5.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	690	445	245	0.6	0.8	0.4
Berber languages	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	660	430	230	0.6	0.8	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	660	430	230	0.6	0.8	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,105	1,750	2,355	3.7	3.1	4.2
Albanian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	175	65	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	175	65	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	235	135	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	220	125	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	220	125	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,765	1,600	2,165	3.4	2.9	3.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	225	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	225	95	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	3,375	1,445	1,935	3.0	2.6	3.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	305	160	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,415	55,855	55,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,505	805	700	1.4	1.4	1.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,380	730	650	1.2	1.3	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	770	380	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Métis	595	340	255	0.5	0.6	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	109,910	55,050	54,865	98.6	98.6	98.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,415	55,855	55,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	400	245	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	111,015	55,610	55,410	99.6	99.6	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	46,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	35,235	...	...	75.0	...	...
Renter	11,750	...	...	25.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	46,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,050	...	...	8.6	...	...
Not condominium	42,930	...	...	91.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	46,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	3,400	...	...	7.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,705	...	...	29.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	17,395	...	...	37.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,435	...	...	26.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	46,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,485	...	...	24.4	...	...
5 rooms	6,120	...	...	13.0	...	...
6 rooms	5,900	...	...	12.6	...	...
7 rooms	6,890	...	...	14.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	16,580	...	...	35.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	46,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	46,845	...	...	99.7	...	...
More than one person per room	135	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	46,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	46,430	...	...	98.8	...	...
Not suitable	555	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	46,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,680	...	...	10.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,230	...	...	26.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,175	...	...	17.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,410	...	...	13.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,645	...	...	7.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,800	...	...	8.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,545	...	...	7.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,495	...	...	9.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	46,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	45,260	...	...	96.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,725	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	46,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	22,440	...	...	47.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	23,985	...	...	51.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	560	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	46,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,090	...	...	2.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,640	...	...	14.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,010	...	...	19.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,755	...	...	18.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,250	...	...	19.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,020	...	...	17.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,475	...	...	7.4	...	...
85 years and over	740	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	46,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	42,215	...	...	90.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,425	...	...	9.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,160	...	...	8.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	46,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,440	...	...	13.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,200	...	...	8.9	...	...
Not suitable only	490	...	...	1.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,490	...	...	3.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	195	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	40,535	...	...	86.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	46,380	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,135	...	...	2.4	...	...
Not in core need	45,240	...	...	97.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	35,030	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.9	...	...	65.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.1	...	...	1.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,130	...	...	1,130	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,157	...	...	1,157	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	280,000	...	...	280,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	305,600	...	...	305,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,665	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.2	...	...	5.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.5	...	...	19.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	850	...	...	850	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...	910	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	111,420	55,850	55,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,445	705	740	1.3	1.3	1.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,435	695	735	1.3	1.2	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,245	560	685	1.1	1.0	1.2
Métis single ancestry	155	115	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,405	1,140	1,260	2.2	2.0	2.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,375	1,130	1,245	2.1	2.0	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,135	1,000	1,135	1.9	1.8	2.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	215	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	107,565	54,000	53,565	96.5	96.7	96.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	111,415	55,855	55,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	109,600	54,845	54,755	98.4	98.2	98.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	25,160	12,890	12,270	22.6	23.1	22.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	84,440	41,955	42,485	75.8	75.1	76.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,825	1,010	815	1.6	1.8	1.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	111,415	55,855	55,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	107,405	53,730	53,675	96.4	96.2	96.6
Immigrants⁸¹	3,175	1,615	1,560	2.8	2.9	2.8
Before 1980	405	205	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
1980 to 1990	285	135	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
1991 to 2000	330	200	130	0.3	0.4	0.2
2001 to 2010	895	410	485	0.8	0.7	0.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,260	670	595	1.1	1.2	1.1
2011 to 2015	595	300	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
2016 to 2021	665	375	290	0.6	0.7	0.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	840	505	340	0.8	0.9	0.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,175	1,615	1,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	365	175	195	11.5	10.8	12.5
5 to 14 years	470	195	280	14.8	12.1	17.9
15 to 24 years	530	260	270	16.7	16.1	17.3
25 to 44 years	1,635	895	745	51.5	55.4	47.8
45 years and over	170	100	75	5.4	6.2	4.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,175	1,615	1,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	620	270	350	19.5	16.7	22.4
Brazil	75	25	45	2.4	1.5	2.9
Colombia	115	45	75	3.6	2.8	4.8
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	50	35	20	1.6	2.2	1.3
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	85	30	50	2.7	1.9	3.2
Peru	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	115	50	65	3.6	3.1	4.2
Other places of birth in Americas	160	85	80	5.0	5.3	5.1
Europe	1,300	695	605	40.9	43.0	38.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	10	10	0.8	0.6	0.6
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	905	495	410	28.5	30.7	26.3
Germany	45	20	25	1.4	1.2	1.6
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	20	0	0.8	1.2	0.0
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Portugal	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Romania	25	10	15	0.8	0.6	1.0
Russian Federation	10	10	10	0.3	0.6	0.6
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	0	20	0.6	0.0	1.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	25	0	0.9	1.5	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	185	90	95	5.8	5.6	6.1
Africa	960	530	430	30.2	32.8	27.6
Algeria	75	50	25	2.4	3.1	1.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	40	20	20	1.3	1.2	1.3
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	175	95	85	5.5	5.9	5.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	650	345	300	20.5	21.4	19.2
Asia	295	120	175	9.3	7.4	11.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	15	10	0.6	0.9	0.6
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	95	30	60	3.0	1.9	3.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	10	0.5	0.6	0.6
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	10	10	0.5	0.6	0.6
Viet Nam	45	25	20	1.4	1.5	1.3
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	85	30	55	2.7	1.9	3.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	665	375	290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	80	45	35	12.0	12.0	12.1
Brazil	10	10	0	1.5	2.7	0.0
Colombia	15	10	10	2.3	2.7	3.4
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	20	0	15	3.0	0.0	5.2
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	0	3.0	2.7	0.0
Europe	265	140	120	39.8	37.3	41.4
France	220	130	90	33.1	34.7	31.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	1.5	0.0	3.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	25	10	15	3.8	2.7	5.2
Africa	270	160	110	40.6	42.7	37.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	15	0	10	2.3	0.0	3.4
Cameroon	20	10	10	3.0	2.7	3.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	70	45	25	10.5	12.0	8.6
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	40	20	20	6.0	5.3	6.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	50	35	15	7.5	9.3	5.2
Other places of birth in Africa	60	35	25	9.0	9.3	8.6
Asia	45	20	25	6.8	5.3	8.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	15	10	3.0	4.0	3.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	1.5	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	111,415	55,855	55,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,570	2,380	2,190	4.1	4.3	3.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,470	1,880	1,590	3.1	3.4	2.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	103,375	51,590	51,785	92.8	92.4	93.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,770	1,410	1,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,620	900	720	58.5	63.8	53.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	835	535	300	30.1	37.9	22.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	790	360	425	28.5	25.5	31.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	930	410	520	33.6	29.1	38.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	210	105	105	7.6	7.4	7.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,770	1,410	1,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	50	25	25	1.8	1.8	1.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	355	195	160	12.8	13.8	11.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	125	75	50	4.5	5.3	3.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	295	210	85	10.6	14.9	6.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	45	10	35	1.6	0.7	2.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,900	900	1,000	68.6	63.8	73.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	111,420	55,850	55,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,310	1,810	1,500	3.0	3.2	2.7
South Asian	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	285	85	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
Black	1,255	700	555	1.1	1.3	1.0
Filipino	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Arab	690	460	230	0.6	0.8	0.4
Latin American	580	310	270	0.5	0.6	0.5
Southeast Asian	235	145	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
West Asian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	108,110	54,040	54,065	97.0	96.8	97.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	111,415	55,850	55,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	46,605	23,175	23,425	41.8	41.5	42.2
English	985	515	465	0.9	0.9	0.8
Irish	4,975	2,410	2,570	4.5	4.3	4.6
Scottish	1,470	765	705	1.3	1.4	1.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	29,445	15,160	14,290	26.4	27.1	25.7
German	1,035	530	500	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese	290	95	195	0.3	0.2	0.4
Italian	1,085	505	580	1.0	0.9	1.0
Indian (India)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	100	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	150	95	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Polish	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Québécois	14,805	7,255	7,545	13.3	13.0	13.6
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	185	75	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Filipino	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
French Canadian	11,280	5,505	5,775	10.1	9.9	10.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,145	1,085	1,060	1.9	1.9	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,610	680	930	1.4	1.2	1.7
Métis	415	250	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,295	645	650	1.2	1.2	1.2
Russian	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Welsh	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	175	80	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
American	405	195	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
Spanish	325	140	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swedish	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	1,190	570	620	1.1	1.0	1.1
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	225	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	250	150	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Greek	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,120	560	565	1.0	1.0	1.0
Danish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	315	145	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	445	250	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	165	115	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	175	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	285	125	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Finnish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japanese	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	250	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Egyptian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	230	130	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	115	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	310	160	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	115	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	320	240	85	0.3	0.4	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	315	160	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	50	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	30	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	125	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	235	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moldovan	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	155	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	210	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamileke	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Beninese	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	111,420	55,850	55,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	145	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Christian	79,945	39,220	40,720	71.8	70.2	73.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,430	3,780	3,655	6.7	6.8	6.6
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baptist	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catholic	71,105	34,745	36,365	63.8	62.2	65.4
Christian Orthodox	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	245	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	50	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Presbyterian	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Church	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	520	240	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hindu	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	1,005	635	370	0.9	1.1	0.7
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	210	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	30,100	15,845	14,250	27.0	28.4	25.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	110,180	55,210	54,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	98,755	49,745	49,010	89.6	90.1	89.2
Movers	11,425	5,465	5,955	10.4	9.9	10.8
Non-migrants	6,360	3,030	3,325	5.8	5.5	6.0
Migrants	5,060	2,430	2,630	4.6	4.4	4.8
Internal migrants	4,675	2,190	2,480	4.2	4.0	4.5
Intraprovincial migrants	4,565	2,145	2,420	4.1	3.9	4.4
Interprovincial migrants	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	395	240	150	0.4	0.4	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	105,030	52,630	52,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	70,605	35,875	34,730	67.2	68.2	66.3
Movers	34,430	16,755	17,675	32.8	31.8	33.7
Non-migrants	14,505	7,005	7,510	13.8	13.3	14.3
Migrants	19,920	9,750	10,165	19.0	18.5	19.4
Internal migrants	18,700	9,070	9,630	17.8	17.2	18.4
Intraprovincial migrants	18,285	8,885	9,400	17.4	16.9	17.9
Interprovincial migrants	410	185	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
External migrants	1,220	680	545	1.2	1.3	1.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,945	44,825	45,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,605	7,945	5,660	15.1	17.7	12.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	76,340	36,880	39,455	84.9	82.3	87.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,035	29,320	29,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,035	3,305	1,735	8.5	11.3	5.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	53,995	26,015	27,980	91.5	88.7	94.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,945	44,830	45,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,770	6,510	5,265	13.1	14.5	11.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,255	8,165	9,090	19.2	18.2	20.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	60,915	30,155	30,765	67.7	67.3	68.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	39,710	20,780	18,925	44.1	46.4	41.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,750	10,845	5,905	18.6	24.2	13.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,975	6,685	5,290	13.3	14.9	11.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,775	4,160	615	5.3	9.3	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,480	8,530	10,950	21.7	19.0	24.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,475	1,410	2,070	3.9	3.1	4.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	21,210	9,375	11,840	23.6	20.9	26.2
Bachelor's degree	14,355	6,175	8,180	16.0	13.8	18.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,670	715	955	1.9	1.6	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	525	205	320	0.6	0.5	0.7
Master's degree	3,980	1,860	2,125	4.4	4.1	4.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	670	420	255	0.7	0.9	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,035	29,320	29,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,875	2,425	1,450	6.6	8.3	4.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,025	4,170	3,855	13.6	14.2	13.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	47,135	22,730	24,410	79.8	77.5	82.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,750	15,555	14,195	50.4	53.1	47.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,940	8,255	4,685	21.9	28.2	15.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,315	5,135	4,180	15.8	17.5	14.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,625	3,125	505	6.1	10.7	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,385	6,350	8,040	24.4	21.7	27.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,425	950	1,475	4.1	3.2	5.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,385	7,175	10,215	29.4	24.5	34.4
Bachelor's degree	11,785	4,825	6,965	20.0	16.5	23.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,380	515	860	2.3	1.8	2.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	405	130	275	0.7	0.4	0.9
Master's degree	3,335	1,440	1,895	5.6	4.9	6.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	485	270	215	0.8	0.9	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	89,945	44,830	45,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	29,025	14,670	14,350	32.3	32.7	31.8
Education	4,795	1,050	3,745	5.3	2.3	8.3
13. Education	4,795	1,050	3,745	5.3	2.3	8.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,635	655	980	1.8	1.5	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	235	145	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,395	510	885	1.6	1.1	2.0
Humanities	2,555	1,015	1,545	2.8	2.3	3.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	350	60	290	0.4	0.1	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	50	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,510	650	860	1.7	1.4	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	175	120	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	290	75	210	0.3	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,005	1,565	3,445	5.6	3.5	7.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	695	230	470	0.8	0.5	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,235	105	1,130	1.4	0.2	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	1,015	365	645	1.1	0.8	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	125	10	120	0.1	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	725	180	545	0.8	0.4	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,185	670	515	1.3	1.5	1.1
Business, management and public administration	15,115	5,545	9,570	16.8	12.4	21.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	905	175	730	1.0	0.4	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,205	5,360	8,840	15.8	12.0	19.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,065	1,045	1,020	2.3	2.3	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	795	335	465	0.9	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	260	160	105	0.3	0.4	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	395	180	210	0.4	0.4	0.5
40. Physical sciences	450	310	135	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	165	60	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,660	1,975	685	3.0	4.4	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,305	1,800	505	2.6	4.0	1.1
25. Library science	155	20	130	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	180	135	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,325	12,265	1,065	14.8	27.4	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	515	290	225	0.6	0.6	0.5
14. Engineering	1,915	1,705	210	2.1	3.8	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,680	2,325	360	3.0	5.2	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,335	3,210	130	3.7	7.2	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,910	2,825	85	3.2	6.3	0.2
48. Precision production	1,970	1,905	65	2.2	4.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,010	1,280	740	2.2	2.9	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,470	820	650	1.6	1.8	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	540	455	85	0.6	1.0	0.2
Health and related fields	7,240	1,310	5,935	8.0	2.9	13.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	450	255	200	0.5	0.6	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,610	975	5,630	7.3	2.2	12.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	180	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,455	2,450	2,005	5.0	5.5	4.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,130	460	1,670	2.4	1.0	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	950	695	255	1.1	1.6	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,355	1,270	80	1.5	2.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	40	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	59,035	29,320	29,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,900	6,590	5,305	20.2	22.5	17.9
Education	3,460	640	2,820	5.9	2.2	9.5
13. Education	3,460	640	2,820	5.9	2.2	9.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,265	475	790	2.1	1.6	2.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	190	110	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	1,075	365	705	1.8	1.2	2.4
Humanities	1,580	625	960	2.7	2.1	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	260	45	215	0.4	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	835	375	460	1.4	1.3	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	140	95	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	210	50	160	0.4	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,860	1,070	2,790	6.5	3.6	9.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	580	175	400	1.0	0.6	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,025	95	925	1.7	0.3	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	805	250	550	1.4	0.9	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	10	80	0.2	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	545	110	435	0.9	0.4	1.5
45. Social sciences	805	415	395	1.4	1.4	1.3
Business, management and public administration	12,390	4,330	8,055	21.0	14.8	27.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	730	115	610	1.2	0.4	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,650	4,210	7,445	19.7	14.4	25.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,405	685	720	2.4	2.3	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	650	230	415	1.1	0.8	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	160	95	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	80	55	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	390	265	130	0.7	0.9	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	135	40	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,215	1,665	550	3.8	5.7	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,995	1,585	415	3.4	5.4	1.4
25. Library science	110	10	95	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	105	65	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,385	9,460	930	17.6	32.3	3.1
04. Architecture and related services	415	225	190	0.7	0.8	0.6
14. Engineering	1,610	1,410	200	2.7	4.8	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,100	1,795	300	3.6	6.1	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,530	2,430	100	4.3	8.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,170	2,095	75	3.7	7.1	0.3
48. Precision production	1,555	1,500	60	2.6	5.1	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,530	905	625	2.6	3.1	2.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,125	580	545	1.9	2.0	1.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	400	325	75	0.7	1.1	0.3
Health and related fields	5,445	960	4,485	9.2	3.3	15.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	355	185	165	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,950	720	4,225	8.4	2.5	14.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	145	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,580	1,910	1,670	6.1	6.5	5.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,705	325	1,385	2.9	1.1	4.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	795	575	220	1.3	2.0	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,065	1,000	60	1.8	3.4	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	59,035	29,320	29,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,900	6,590	5,305	20.2	22.5	17.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	47,135	22,725	24,405	79.8	77.5	82.1
Location of study inside Canada	45,580	21,845	23,735	77.2	74.5	79.9
Same as province or territory of residence	44,900	21,470	23,435	76.1	73.2	78.9
Different than province or territory of residence	680	375	305	1.2	1.3	1.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,555	885	670	2.6	3.0	2.3
Americas	270	130	140	0.5	0.4	0.5
United States of America	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	745	435	310	1.3	1.5	1.0
Belgium	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	565	325	235	1.0	1.1	0.8
Germany	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	435	270	160	0.7	0.9	0.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Morocco	80	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tunisia	160	125	35	0.3	0.4	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	160	80	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asia	100	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	89,945	44,830	45,115	...	...	...
In the labour force	63,790	32,865	30,925	...	...	...
Employed	60,845	31,520	29,330	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,945	1,345	1,600	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	26,155	11,960	14,195	...	...	...
Participation rate	70.9	73.3	68.5	70.9	73.3	68.5
Employment rate	67.6	70.3	65.0	67.6	70.3	65.0
Unemployment rate	4.6	4.1	5.2	4.6	4.1	5.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	89,945	44,830	45,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	24,690	11,055	13,635	27.5	24.7	30.2
Worked	65,255	33,770	31,485	72.5	75.3	69.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	38,285	20,520	17,765	42.6	45.8	39.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,970	13,250	13,720	30.0	29.6	30.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.6	44.1	43.0	43.6	44.1	43.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	63,790	32,865	30,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	650	285	365	1.0	0.9	1.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	63,140	32,580	30,560	99.0	99.1	98.8
Employee	56,790	28,760	28,030	89.0	87.5	90.7
Permanent position	48,900	25,045	23,855	76.7	76.2	77.2
Temporary position	7,895	3,720	4,175	12.4	11.3	13.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,720	1,180	1,545	4.3	3.6	5.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,175	2,540	2,635	8.1	7.7	8.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,345	3,815	2,530	9.9	11.6	8.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	63,790	32,865	30,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	650	285	365	1.0	0.9	1.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	63,140	32,580	30,560	99.0	99.1	98.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,305	945	360	2.0	2.9	1.2
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,650	4,010	8,645	19.8	12.2	28.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,120	4,645	1,475	9.6	14.1	4.8
3 Health occupations	5,175	890	4,280	8.1	2.7	13.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,070	2,230	5,840	12.7	6.8	18.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,360	670	690	2.1	2.0	2.2
6 Sales and service occupations	14,215	6,540	7,675	22.3	19.9	24.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,300	9,625	675	16.1	29.3	2.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,065	830	235	1.7	2.5	0.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,880	2,200	680	4.5	6.7	2.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	63,790	32,865	30,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	650	285	365	1.0	0.9	1.2
All industries¹⁹¹	63,140	32,580	30,560	99.0	99.1	98.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,150	775	375	1.8	2.4	1.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	175	150	20	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	310	265	40	0.5	0.8	0.1
23 Construction	5,215	4,455	755	8.2	13.6	2.4
31-33 Manufacturing	6,755	4,965	1,800	10.6	15.1	5.8
41 Wholesale trade	2,275	1,770	505	3.6	5.4	1.6
44-45 Retail trade	7,085	3,395	3,695	11.1	10.3	12.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,195	1,755	440	3.4	5.3	1.4
51 Information and cultural industries	665	440	225	1.0	1.3	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	4,330	1,675	2,660	6.8	5.1	8.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	855	440	420	1.3	1.3	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,670	2,655	2,015	7.3	8.1	6.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,965	1,235	730	3.1	3.8	2.4
61 Educational services	4,525	1,195	3,325	7.1	3.6	10.8
62 Health care and social assistance	8,430	1,380	7,050	13.2	4.2	22.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	685	385	300	1.1	1.2	1.0
72 Accommodation and food services	2,955	1,285	1,670	4.6	3.9	5.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,455	1,300	1,155	3.8	4.0	3.7
91 Public administration	6,350	3,030	3,320	10.0	9.2	10.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	67,810	34,975	32,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	535	340	200	0.8	1.0	0.6
French	58,005	28,880	29,125	85.5	82.6	88.7
Non-official language	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and French	9,035	5,645	3,390	13.3	16.1	10.3
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	130	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	67,810	34,975	32,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	66,830	34,350	32,490	98.6	98.2	98.9
Official languages	66,785	34,315	32,475	98.5	98.1	98.9
English	1,465	910	555	2.2	2.6	1.7
French	65,320	33,400	31,920	96.3	95.5	97.2
Non-official languages	45	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	45	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	980	630	345	1.4	1.8	1.1
English and French	960	625	335	1.4	1.8	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	67,810	34,975	32,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	59,535	29,865	29,670	87.8	85.4	90.4
English	7,180	4,470	2,710	10.6	12.8	8.3
French	920	565	355	1.4	1.6	1.1
Non-official language	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	60,845	31,520	29,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	14,410	6,810	7,595	23.7	21.6	25.9
Worked outside Canada	60	55	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	6,425	5,075	1,350	10.6	16.1	4.6
Usual place of work	39,950	19,575	20,375	65.7	62.1	69.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	39,950	19,575	20,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	18,070	8,575	9,490	45.2	43.8	46.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,640	875	770	4.1	4.5	3.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	20,190	10,085	10,105	50.5	51.5	49.6
Commute to a different province or territory	50	45	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	46,375	24,655	21,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	42,990	23,065	19,925	92.7	93.6	91.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	40,760	22,065	18,705	87.9	89.5	86.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,230	1,000	1,225	4.8	4.1	5.6
Public transit	1,030	415	610	2.2	1.7	2.8
Walked	1,415	600	820	3.1	2.4	3.8
Bicycle	260	195	65	0.6	0.8	0.3
Other method	690	380	310	1.5	1.5	1.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	46,375	24,655	21,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	12,995	6,570	6,420	28.0	26.6	29.6
15 to 29 minutes	20,075	10,685	9,395	43.3	43.3	43.2
30 to 44 minutes	9,800	5,430	4,370	21.1	22.0	20.1
45 to 59 minutes	2,150	1,080	1,070	4.6	4.4	4.9
60 minutes and over	1,360	885	470	2.9	3.6	2.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	46,375	24,655	21,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,160	2,645	515	6.8	10.7	2.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,530	7,015	3,515	22.7	28.5	16.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,830	7,250	8,575	34.1	29.4	39.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,750	3,070	4,685	16.7	12.5	21.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,195	1,385	1,810	6.9	5.6	8.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,910	3,290	2,620	12.7	13.3	12.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	25,890	13,220	12,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,095	1,045	1,050	8.1	7.9	8.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	23,795	12,170	11,620	91.9	92.1	91.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	19,015	9,725	9,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,685	850	835	8.9	8.7	9.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,270	635	635	6.7	6.5	6.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	415	215	195	2.2	2.2	2.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,330	8,880	8,450	91.1	91.3	91.0

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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