Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Lévis--LotbinièreMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	118,608	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	113,528	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	50,977	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	49,022	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	57.4	...	...	57.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,065.42	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	118,610	59,705	58,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	22,755	11,655	11,100	19.2	19.5	18.8
0 to 4 years	6,770	3,440	3,330	5.7	5.8	5.7
5 to 9 years	7,890	4,065	3,825	6.7	6.8	6.5
10 to 14 years	8,090	4,155	3,935	6.8	7.0	6.7
15 to 64 years	74,460	37,530	36,930	62.8	62.9	62.7
15 to 19 years	6,665	3,340	3,330	5.6	5.6	5.7
20 to 24 years	5,575	2,875	2,700	4.7	4.8	4.6
25 to 29 years	6,420	3,125	3,290	5.4	5.2	5.6
30 to 34 years	7,155	3,655	3,500	6.0	6.1	5.9
35 to 39 years	7,865	3,965	3,900	6.6	6.6	6.6
40 to 44 years	8,715	4,365	4,350	7.3	7.3	7.4
45 to 49 years	7,770	3,950	3,820	6.6	6.6	6.5
50 to 54 years	7,400	3,765	3,640	6.2	6.3	6.2
55 to 59 years	8,475	4,255	4,215	7.1	7.1	7.2
60 to 64 years	8,415	4,225	4,190	7.1	7.1	7.1
65 years and over	21,395	10,525	10,875	18.0	17.6	18.5
65 to 69 years	7,545	3,795	3,740	6.4	6.4	6.3
70 to 74 years	6,235	3,125	3,110	5.3	5.2	5.3
75 to 79 years	3,920	1,960	1,955	3.3	3.3	3.3
80 to 84 years	2,035	990	1,040	1.7	1.7	1.8
85 years and over	1,665	650	1,015	1.4	1.1	1.7
85 to 89 years	1,065	460	605	0.9	0.8	1.0
90 to 94 years	445	160	290	0.4	0.3	0.5
95 to 99 years	120	30	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.2	19.5	18.8	19.2	19.5	18.8
15 to 64 years	62.8	62.9	62.7	62.8	62.9	62.7
65 years and over	18.0	17.6	18.5	18.0	17.6	18.5
85 years and over	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.4	1.1	1.7
Average age of the population	40.8	40.5	41.1	40.8	40.5	41.1
Median age of the population	41.6	41.6	42.0	41.6	41.6	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	49,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	33,420	...	...	68.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,025	...	...	8.2	...	...
Row house	615	...	...	1.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,450	...	...	3.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,955	...	...	16.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	690	...	...	1.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	760	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	49,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,250	...	...	27.0	...	...
2 persons	18,375	...	...	37.5	...	...
3 persons	6,770	...	...	13.8	...	...
4 persons	7,360	...	...	15.0	...	...
5 or more persons	3,270	...	...	6.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	117,180	59,165	58,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	95,855	48,050	47,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	62,285	31,195	31,090	65.0	64.9	65.0
Married	29,410	14,750	14,660	30.7	30.7	30.7
Living common-law	32,875	16,445	16,435	34.3	34.2	34.4
Living common law - Never married	28,060	13,955	14,100	29.3	29.0	29.5
Living common law - Separated	260	130	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	4,135	2,165	1,975	4.3	4.5	4.1
Living common law - Widowed	425	195	230	0.4	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	33,570	16,855	16,710	35.0	35.1	35.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,480	13,405	11,080	25.5	27.9	23.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	915	455	460	1.0	0.9	1.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,680	2,070	2,610	4.9	4.3	5.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,495	935	2,565	3.6	1.9	5.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	34,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	18,180	...	...	52.0	...	...
3 persons	6,550	...	...	18.7	...	...
4 persons	7,245	...	...	20.7	...	...
5 or more persons	3,005	...	...	8.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	34,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	30,795	...	...	88.0	...	...
Married couples	14,355	...	...	41.0	...	...
With children⁶	5,315	...	...	15.2	...	...
Without children	9,040	...	...	25.8	...	...
Common-law couples	16,440	...	...	47.0	...	...
With children⁶	9,600	...	...	27.4	...	...
Without children	6,835	...	...	19.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,195	...	...	12.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,760	...	...	7.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,435	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	117,180	59,165	58,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	100,820	50,635	50,185	86.0	85.6	86.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	61,590	30,795	30,790	52.6	52.0	53.1
Parents in one-parent families	4,190	1,435	2,755	3.6	2.4	4.7
Children⁶	35,040	18,405	16,640	29.9	31.1	28.7
In a two-parent family	28,410	14,815	13,595	24.2	25.0	23.4
In a one-parent family	6,625	3,590	3,040	5.7	6.1	5.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,365	8,530	7,835	14.0	14.4	13.5
Living alone	13,245	6,800	6,445	11.3	11.5	11.1
Living with other relatives⁷	1,230	595	640	1.0	1.0	1.1
Living with non-relatives only	1,885	1,135	750	1.6	1.9	1.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	49,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	33,785	...	...	68.9	...	...
Couple-family households	29,945	...	...	61.1	...	...
With children⁶	14,555	...	...	29.7	...	...
Without children	15,390	...	...	31.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,845	...	...	7.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	340	...	...	0.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	95	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	545	...	...	1.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,010	...	...	2.1	...	...
One-person households	13,245	...	...	27.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	94,435	47,510	46,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,065	46,845	46,220	98.5	98.6	98.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	53,200	42,400	47,600	53,200	42,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,070	46,850	46,225	98.6	98.6	98.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	44,800	37,600	41,200	44,800	37,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,335	45,135	43,195	93.5	95.0	92.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	46,800	33,200	40,000	46,800	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,095	38,295	34,800	77.4	80.6	74.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	48,400	37,600	43,200	48,400	37,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,125	35,095	39,030	78.5	73.9	83.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,800	8,600	10,700	9,800	8,600	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,445	6,920	5,520	13.2	14.6	11.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,400	4,960	5,840	5,400	4,960	5,840
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,205	13,840	11,365	26.7	29.1	24.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,040	6,000	6,000	5,040	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	94,400	47,495	46,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,105	46,810	46,290	98.6	98.6	98.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,600	61,300	47,840	54,600	61,300	47,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,110	46,810	46,300	98.6	98.6	98.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,760	49,080	40,360	44,760	49,080	40,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,295	45,095	43,200	93.5	94.9	92.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000	55,400	40,240	48,000	55,400	40,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,095	38,235	34,860	77.4	80.5	74.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,080	54,600	43,040	49,080	54,600	43,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,910	34,955	38,955	78.3	73.6	83.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,480	10,640	12,230	11,480	10,640	12,230
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,025	6,700	5,320	12.7	14.1	11.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,040	5,840	8,550	7,040	5,840	8,550
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,970	13,620	11,355	26.5	28.7	24.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,900	6,530	7,340	6,900	6,530	7,340
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	94,395	47,495	46,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	39,325	21,210	18,115	41.7	44.7	38.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400	65,000	55,200	60,400	65,000	55,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,100	73,700	61,550	68,100	73,700	61,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,640	13,675	13,965	29.3	28.8	29.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	25,400	17,800	20,800	25,400	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,920	34,800	25,100	29,920	34,800	25,100
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.4	87.0	78.4	83.4	87.0	78.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.6	72.8	67.8	70.6	72.8	67.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.7	13.0	21.5	16.7	13.0	21.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.4	2.1	1.7	1.4	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.0	3.5	4.6	4.0	3.5	4.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.4	3.1	3.8	3.4	3.1	3.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	94,435	47,515	46,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,375	665	710	1.5	1.4	1.5
With total income	93,060	46,845	46,215	98.5	98.6	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,080	2,155	2,925	5.5	4.6	6.3
$10,000 to $19,999	9,155	3,350	5,805	9.8	7.2	12.6
$20,000 to $29,999	12,040	5,305	6,740	12.9	11.3	14.6
$30,000 to $39,999	10,775	4,775	5,995	11.6	10.2	13.0
$40,000 to $49,999	12,330	5,915	6,420	13.2	12.6	13.9
$50,000 to $59,999	11,285	5,920	5,370	12.1	12.6	11.6
$60,000 to $69,999	8,620	4,835	3,780	9.3	10.3	8.2
$70,000 to $79,999	6,440	3,855	2,585	6.9	8.2	5.6
$80,000 to $89,999	5,205	3,025	2,180	5.6	6.5	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	3,645	2,035	1,610	3.9	4.3	3.5
$100,000 and over	8,485	5,675	2,815	9.1	12.1	6.1
$100,000 to $149,999	6,300	4,070	2,230	6.8	8.7	4.8
$150,000 and over	2,185	1,605	585	2.3	3.4	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	94,435	47,515	46,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,365	665	700	1.4	1.4	1.5
With after-tax income	93,075	46,845	46,225	98.6	98.6	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,505	2,270	3,240	5.9	4.8	7.0
$10,000 to $19,999	9,770	3,655	6,115	10.5	7.8	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	14,335	6,325	8,005	15.4	13.5	17.3
$30,000 to $39,999	14,880	6,980	7,900	16.0	14.9	17.1
$40,000 to $49,999	15,505	8,300	7,205	16.7	17.7	15.6
$50,000 to $59,999	11,780	6,665	5,115	12.7	14.2	11.1
$60,000 to $69,999	8,245	4,705	3,545	8.9	10.0	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	5,285	2,885	2,400	5.7	6.2	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,040	1,795	1,240	3.3	3.8	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,640	1,060	575	1.8	2.3	1.2
$100,000 and over	3,090	2,205	890	3.3	4.7	1.9
$100,000 to $124,999	1,760	1,200	560	1.9	2.6	1.2
$125,000 and over	1,330	1,000	330	1.4	2.1	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	94,435	47,515	46,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	21,340	9,220	12,125	22.6	19.4	25.8
With employment income	73,100	38,300	34,800	77.4	80.6	74.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,505	4,010	3,495	10.3	10.5	10.0
$5,000 to $9,999	4,840	2,075	2,765	6.6	5.4	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	8,010	3,470	4,540	11.0	9.1	13.0
$20,000 to $29,999	6,535	2,900	3,635	8.9	7.6	10.4
$30,000 to $39,999	7,175	3,305	3,870	9.8	8.6	11.1
$40,000 to $49,999	8,270	4,055	4,210	11.3	10.6	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	7,170	3,900	3,265	9.8	10.2	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	5,875	3,535	2,340	8.0	9.2	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	4,640	2,760	1,880	6.3	7.2	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,980	2,220	1,765	5.4	5.8	5.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,600	1,585	1,015	3.6	4.1	2.9
$100,000 and over	6,500	4,480	2,020	8.9	11.7	5.8
$100,000 to $124,999	3,495	2,290	1,205	4.8	6.0	3.5
$125,000 and over	3,005	2,185	815	4.1	5.7	2.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	94,435	47,510	46,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,935	46,265	45,665	97.4	97.4	97.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	51,600	40,000	45,600	51,600	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,970	46,275	45,695	97.4	97.4	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	43,600	35,200	39,600	43,600	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,110	44,600	42,515	92.2	93.9	90.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	48,000	34,000	40,800	48,000	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,555	38,460	35,100	77.9	81.0	74.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	48,800	37,600	42,800	48,800	37,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,195	30,380	35,820	70.1	63.9	76.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,500	5,720	8,500	7,500	5,720	8,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	12,210	6,990	5,225	12.9	14.7	11.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,520	4,040	5,520	4,520	4,040	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	94,400	47,495	46,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,915	46,205	45,705	97.4	97.3	97.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,800	60,700	44,840	52,800	60,700	44,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,930	46,210	45,715	97.4	97.3	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,080	48,240	37,840	43,080	48,240	37,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,930	44,480	42,455	92.1	93.7	90.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,800	57,400	39,840	48,800	57,400	39,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,475	38,285	35,195	77.8	80.6	75.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,280	56,200	41,800	49,280	56,200	41,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,065	30,220	35,850	70.0	63.6	76.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,240	8,350	9,990	9,240	8,350	9,990
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,935	6,820	5,115	12.6	14.4	10.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,920	5,120	9,310	6,920	5,120	9,310
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	94,395	47,495	46,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	39,260	21,190	18,075	41.6	44.6	38.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200	62,800	51,200	57,200	62,800	51,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,400	72,800	56,650	65,400	72,800	56,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,455	13,145	13,310	28.0	27.7	28.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,600	31,000	21,800	25,600	31,000	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,440	40,200	28,760	34,440	40,200	28,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.4	91.0	82.6	87.4	91.0	82.6
Employment income (%)	74.6	76.8	71.8	74.6	76.8	71.8
Government transfers (%)	12.6	9.0	17.5	12.6	9.0	17.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.3	2.3	1.7	1.3	2.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	49,025	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,245	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600	...	...	45,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	35,775	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	49,025	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	103,700	...	...	103,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,260	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,900	...	...	51,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,080	...	...	43,080	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	35,765	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,500	...	...	100,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	49,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	180	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	300	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	450	...	...	0.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,735	...	...	3.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,225	...	...	2.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,195	...	...	2.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,765	...	...	3.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,960	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,930	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,840	...	...	7.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,450	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,290	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,175	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,185	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	21,245	...	...	43.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,710	...	...	13.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,970	...	...	10.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,740	...	...	11.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,820	...	...	7.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	49,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	230	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	105	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	315	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	500	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,875	...	...	3.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,510	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,695	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,385	...	...	4.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,445	...	...	5.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,325	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,485	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,155	...	...	8.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,000	...	...	8.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,930	...	...	8.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,410	...	...	7.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,650	...	...	31.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,770	...	...	13.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,230	...	...	8.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,650	...	...	9.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	35,045	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,475	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,950	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,105	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	15,130	7,935	7,190	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,400	48,400	40,400	44,400	48,400	40,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	41,200	35,600	38,400	41,200	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	35,025	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	123,400	...	...	123,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,800	...	...	100,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,475	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,400	...	...	101,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,500	...	...	83,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,970	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	157,400	...	...	157,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,090	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,300	...	...	71,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	15,160	7,895	7,260	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,320	54,600	45,640	50,320	54,600	45,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,880	44,520	39,000	41,880	44,520	39,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	117,180	59,160	58,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	26,930	13,730	13,200	23.0	23.2	22.8
0 to 5 years	8,320	4,235	4,085	7.1	7.2	7.0
18 to 64 years	70,105	35,360	34,745	59.8	59.8	59.9
65 years and over	20,140	10,075	10,065	17.2	17.0	17.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,185	3,330	3,850	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,145	605	535	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	350	190	165	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,985	1,490	1,500	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,050	1,235	1,815	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.1	5.6	6.6	6.1	5.6	6.6
0 to 17 years (%)	4.3	4.4	4.1	4.3	4.4	4.1
0 to 5 years (%)	4.2	4.5	4.0	4.2	4.5	4.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.3	4.2	4.3	4.3	4.2	4.3
65 years and over (%)	15.1	12.3	18.0	15.1	12.3	18.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	117,180	59,165	58,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	26,935	13,730	13,205	23.0	23.2	22.8
0 to 5 years	8,320	4,240	4,080	7.1	7.2	7.0
18 to 64 years	70,105	35,360	34,745	59.8	59.8	59.9
65 years and over	20,145	10,075	10,070	17.2	17.0	17.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,085	1,060	1,030	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	350	185	165	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	95	55	40	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,375	745	630	...	...	...
65 years and over	360	125	235	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8
0 to 17 years (%)	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3
0 to 5 years (%)	1.1	1.3	1.0	1.1	1.3	1.0
18 to 64 years (%)	2.0	2.1	1.8	2.0	2.1	1.8
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.3	2.3	1.8	1.3	2.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	117,180	59,160	58,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	52,255	25,780	26,475	44.6	43.6	45.6
In bottom decile	5,455	2,570	2,885	4.7	4.3	5.0
In second decile	9,130	4,365	4,770	7.8	7.4	8.2
In third decile	10,885	5,295	5,595	9.3	9.0	9.6
In fourth decile	12,670	6,365	6,300	10.8	10.8	10.9
In fifth decile	14,120	7,190	6,930	12.0	12.2	11.9
In top half of the distribution	64,920	33,380	31,545	55.4	56.4	54.4
In sixth decile	15,330	7,850	7,475	13.1	13.3	12.9
In seventh decile	16,070	8,245	7,820	13.7	13.9	13.5
In eighth decile	14,370	7,370	7,000	12.3	12.5	12.1
In ninth decile	11,385	5,900	5,485	9.7	10.0	9.5
In top decile	7,775	4,015	3,760	6.6	6.8	6.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	117,180	...	...	117,180	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.272	...	...	0.272	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.366	...	...	0.366	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.233	...	...	0.233	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	117,745	59,385	58,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	175	100	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
French only	75,715	36,505	39,210	64.3	61.5	67.2
English and French	41,690	22,650	19,045	35.4	38.1	32.6
Neither English nor French	160	125	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	117,745	59,385	58,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,310	715	590	1.1	1.2	1.0
French	115,850	58,335	57,520	98.4	98.2	98.6
English and French	435	215	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Neither English nor French	150	120	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	117,745	59,385	58,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	116,670	58,835	57,840	99.1	99.1	99.1
Official languages	114,910	57,880	57,030	97.6	97.5	97.7
English	1,125	625	505	1.0	1.1	0.9
French	113,785	57,260	56,525	96.6	96.4	96.9
Non-official languages	1,760	950	810	1.5	1.6	1.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,755	945	805	1.5	1.6	1.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	375	220	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	340	210	135	0.3	0.4	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	340	210	135	0.3	0.4	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	990	530	460	0.8	0.9	0.8
Albanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	800	445	360	0.7	0.7	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	570	340	230	0.5	0.6	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,070	555	520	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	760	395	365	0.6	0.7	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	240	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	117,745	59,385	58,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	480	270	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
French	111,840	56,225	55,615	95.0	94.7	95.3
Non-official language	470	295	180	0.4	0.5	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	470	295	180	0.4	0.5	0.3
English and French	3,385	1,815	1,570	2.9	3.1	2.7
English and non-official language(s)	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,080	540	530	0.9	0.9	0.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	410	200	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	117,745	59,385	58,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	116,835	58,930	57,900	99.2	99.2	99.2
Official languages	115,985	58,440	57,540	98.5	98.4	98.6
English	865	475	385	0.7	0.8	0.7
French	115,120	57,965	57,155	97.8	97.6	97.9
Non-official languages	850	490	365	0.7	0.8	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	850	490	365	0.7	0.8	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	155	95	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	145	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	145	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	525	300	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Albanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	470	275	195	0.4	0.5	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	375	235	140	0.3	0.4	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	915	455	460	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	590	290	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	275	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	117,745	59,385	58,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	113,590	57,185	56,400	96.5	96.3	96.6
English	2,580	1,395	1,180	2.2	2.3	2.0
French	600	330	270	0.5	0.6	0.5
Non-official language	625	315	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	625	315	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	215	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	117,180	59,160	58,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	117,030	59,035	57,995	99.9	99.8	99.9
English	41,835	22,860	18,980	35.7	38.6	32.7
French	116,850	58,925	57,925	99.7	99.6	99.8
Non-official languages	5,405	2,600	2,805	4.6	4.4	4.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,390	2,590	2,795	4.6	4.4	4.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	580	395	180	0.5	0.7	0.3
Berber languages	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	550	380	170	0.5	0.6	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	550	380	170	0.5	0.6	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,975	1,765	2,210	3.4	3.0	3.8
Albanian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	170	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	170	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	235	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,605	1,605	2,005	3.1	2.7	3.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	220	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	210	85	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	3,230	1,440	1,785	2.8	2.4	3.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	290	150	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Thai	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	117,180	59,155	58,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,690	905	785	1.4	1.5	1.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,570	835	735	1.3	1.4	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	850	430	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Métis	695	385	305	0.6	0.7	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	115,490	58,250	57,240	98.6	98.5	98.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	117,180	59,155	58,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	430	265	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	116,750	58,890	57,855	99.6	99.6	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	49,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	38,235	...	...	78.0	...	...
Renter	10,785	...	...	22.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	49,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,495	...	...	7.1	...	...
Not condominium	45,525	...	...	92.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	49,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	3,245	...	...	6.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,310	...	...	27.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,695	...	...	38.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	13,725	...	...	28.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	49,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,515	...	...	21.5	...	...
5 rooms	6,575	...	...	13.4	...	...
6 rooms	6,680	...	...	13.6	...	...
7 rooms	7,365	...	...	15.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	17,885	...	...	36.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	49,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	48,865	...	...	99.7	...	...
More than one person per room	155	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	49,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	48,410	...	...	98.8	...	...
Not suitable	610	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	49,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,440	...	...	13.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,065	...	...	26.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,405	...	...	17.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,390	...	...	13.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,575	...	...	7.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,610	...	...	7.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,610	...	...	7.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,920	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	49,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	47,080	...	...	96.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,945	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	49,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	23,535	...	...	48.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	24,895	...	...	50.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	590	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	49,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,055	...	...	2.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,930	...	...	14.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,325	...	...	19.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,010	...	...	18.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,975	...	...	20.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,315	...	...	17.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,610	...	...	7.4	...	...
85 years and over	800	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	48,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	44,220	...	...	91.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,230	...	...	8.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,960	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	49,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,510	...	...	13.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,995	...	...	8.1	...	...
Not suitable only	535	...	...	1.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,715	...	...	3.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	195	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	42,510	...	...	86.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	48,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,250	...	...	2.6	...	...
Not in core need	46,930	...	...	97.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	37,845	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.5	...	...	64.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.3	...	...	1.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,080	...	...	1,080	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,116	...	...	1,116	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	276,000	...	...	276,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	292,800	...	...	292,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,665	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.8	...	...	17.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.2	...	...	7.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	795	...	...	795	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	833	...	...	833	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	117,180	59,155	58,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,500	765	740	1.3	1.3	1.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,485	755	730	1.3	1.3	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,265	600	665	1.1	1.0	1.1
Métis single ancestry	185	125	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,410	1,155	1,250	2.1	2.0	2.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,385	1,145	1,240	2.0	1.9	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,145	1,020	1,125	1.8	1.7	1.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	220	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	113,270	57,240	56,030	96.7	96.8	96.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	117,180	59,160	58,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	115,445	58,120	57,325	98.5	98.2	98.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	26,785	13,650	13,130	22.9	23.1	22.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	88,660	44,470	44,190	75.7	75.2	76.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,735	1,035	700	1.5	1.7	1.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	117,180	59,160	58,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	113,315	57,025	56,295	96.7	96.4	97.0
Immigrants⁸¹	3,000	1,555	1,445	2.6	2.6	2.5
Before 1980	440	220	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
1980 to 1990	275	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
1991 to 2000	325	200	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
2001 to 2010	830	380	450	0.7	0.6	0.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,130	620	505	1.0	1.0	0.9
2011 to 2015	555	275	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
2016 to 2021	580	350	225	0.5	0.6	0.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	865	580	285	0.7	1.0	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,000	1,550	1,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	375	170	200	12.5	11.0	13.8
5 to 14 years	425	180	245	14.2	11.6	17.0
15 to 24 years	525	255	265	17.5	16.5	18.3
25 to 44 years	1,530	850	675	51.0	54.8	46.7
45 years and over	150	90	55	5.0	5.8	3.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,000	1,550	1,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	565	250	315	18.8	16.1	21.8
Brazil	65	25	45	2.2	1.6	3.1
Colombia	110	40	70	3.7	2.6	4.8
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	55	25	25	1.8	1.6	1.7
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	65	25	35	2.2	1.6	2.4
Peru	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	120	50	75	4.0	3.2	5.2
Other places of birth in Americas	135	75	60	4.5	4.8	4.2
Europe	1,280	690	585	42.7	44.5	40.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	10	0.7	0.6	0.7
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	865	470	395	28.8	30.3	27.3
Germany	70	35	30	2.3	2.3	2.1
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	35	15	15	1.2	1.0	1.0
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	15	10	0	0.5	0.6	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.7
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	25	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	195	100	95	6.5	6.5	6.6
Africa	850	490	355	28.3	31.6	24.6
Algeria	75	60	20	2.5	3.9	1.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35	25	15	1.2	1.6	1.0
Egypt	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	140	80	55	4.7	5.2	3.8
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	585	315	265	19.5	20.3	18.3
Asia	300	120	180	10.0	7.7	12.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	10	10	0.7	0.6	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	100	30	70	3.3	1.9	4.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	0	0.5	0.6	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.7
Viet Nam	50	30	20	1.7	1.9	1.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	85	25	60	2.8	1.6	4.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	580	350	225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	65	45	25	11.2	12.9	11.1
Brazil	10	10	0	1.7	2.9	0.0
Colombia	20	10	10	3.4	2.9	4.4
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	15	0	2.6	4.3	0.0
Europe	230	135	90	39.7	38.6	40.0
France	200	125	75	34.5	35.7	33.3
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	10	10	1.7	2.9	4.4
Africa	240	150	85	41.4	42.9	37.8
Algeria	15	10	0	2.6	2.9	0.0
Burundi	15	10	10	2.6	2.9	4.4
Cameroon	25	15	10	4.3	4.3	4.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	70	45	25	12.1	12.9	11.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	25	15	15	4.3	4.3	6.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	25	25	0	4.3	7.1	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	60	35	25	10.3	10.0	11.1
Asia	45	25	25	7.8	7.1	11.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	10	10	2.6	2.9	4.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	117,180	59,160	58,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,410	2,385	2,020	3.8	4.0	3.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,375	1,810	1,565	2.9	3.1	2.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	109,395	54,960	54,435	93.4	92.9	93.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,560	1,335	1,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,465	815	650	57.2	61.0	52.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	760	490	265	29.7	36.7	21.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	705	330	380	27.5	24.7	30.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	885	405	480	34.6	30.3	39.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	205	115	90	8.0	8.6	7.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,560	1,335	1,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	55	30	20	2.1	2.2	1.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	325	180	145	12.7	13.5	11.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	105	65	40	4.1	4.9	3.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	265	195	75	10.4	14.6	6.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	10	30	1.4	0.7	2.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,765	850	920	68.9	63.7	74.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	117,180	59,155	58,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,140	1,810	1,330	2.7	3.1	2.3
South Asian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	300	90	210	0.3	0.2	0.4
Black	1,215	685	535	1.0	1.2	0.9
Filipino	55	45	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Arab	540	380	160	0.5	0.6	0.3
Latin American	610	385	225	0.5	0.7	0.4
Southeast Asian	225	145	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
West Asian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	114,040	57,345	56,695	97.3	96.9	97.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	117,180	59,160	58,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	49,785	24,870	24,915	42.5	42.0	42.9
English	965	485	480	0.8	0.8	0.8
Irish	4,965	2,440	2,520	4.2	4.1	4.3
Scottish	1,550	790	755	1.3	1.3	1.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	30,055	15,485	14,570	25.6	26.2	25.1
German	1,015	535	475	0.9	0.9	0.8
Chinese	280	90	190	0.2	0.2	0.3
Italian	1,050	495	555	0.9	0.8	1.0
Indian (India)	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukrainian	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dutch	145	90	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Polish	165	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Québécois	16,070	7,975	8,095	13.7	13.5	14.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	170	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Filipino	65	50	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
French Canadian	11,775	5,790	5,990	10.0	9.8	10.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,195	1,125	1,070	1.9	1.9	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,600	690	910	1.4	1.2	1.6
Métis	445	255	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,290	645	645	1.1	1.1	1.1
Russian	75	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Norwegian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Welsh	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	430	215	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	270	105	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Swedish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	1,210	605	605	1.0	1.0	1.0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	220	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	205	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	50	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,370	680	695	1.2	1.1	1.2
Danish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	345	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	430	230	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Haitian	160	110	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	170	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	315	145	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japanese	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	265	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	80	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	225	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	205	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	55	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	320	175	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	85	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	265	205	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	285	145	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	105	95	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	140	90	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	235	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moldovan	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	150	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	205	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	40	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	40	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamileke	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Beninese	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	117,180	59,155	58,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	140	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Christian	85,000	42,060	42,940	72.5	71.1	74.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,915	4,050	3,865	6.8	6.8	6.7
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baptist	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catholic	75,695	37,325	38,370	64.6	63.1	66.1
Christian Orthodox	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	275	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	175	95	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Presbyterian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Church	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	495	230	265	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	850	550	305	0.7	0.9	0.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	215	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	30,960	16,405	14,555	26.4	27.7	25.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	115,830	58,435	57,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	104,735	53,030	51,710	90.4	90.8	90.1
Movers	11,095	5,405	5,685	9.6	9.2	9.9
Non-migrants	5,790	2,775	3,010	5.0	4.7	5.2
Migrants	5,305	2,630	2,680	4.6	4.5	4.7
Internal migrants	4,910	2,370	2,545	4.2	4.1	4.4
Intraprovincial migrants	4,805	2,310	2,490	4.1	4.0	4.3
Interprovincial migrants	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	395	260	135	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	110,335	55,695	54,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	76,340	38,955	37,385	69.2	69.9	68.4
Movers	33,995	16,740	17,255	30.8	30.1	31.6
Non-migrants	13,540	6,655	6,885	12.3	11.9	12.6
Migrants	20,455	10,085	10,370	18.5	18.1	19.0
Internal migrants	19,325	9,375	9,945	17.5	16.8	18.2
Intraprovincial migrants	18,905	9,190	9,720	17.1	16.5	17.8
Interprovincial migrants	415	190	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
External migrants	1,130	710	415	1.0	1.3	0.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,400	47,495	46,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	16,225	9,620	6,605	17.2	20.3	14.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	78,175	37,880	40,295	82.8	79.8	85.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,090	31,180	30,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,450	4,275	2,175	10.4	13.7	7.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	55,645	26,905	28,740	89.6	86.3	93.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,400	47,495	46,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,060	7,895	6,165	14.9	16.6	13.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,490	8,820	9,675	19.6	18.6	20.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	61,850	30,790	31,060	65.5	64.8	66.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	41,795	21,945	19,850	44.3	46.2	42.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	18,630	12,110	6,515	19.7	25.5	13.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	13,295	7,500	5,795	14.1	15.8	12.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,330	4,610	720	5.6	9.7	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,870	8,520	11,350	21.0	17.9	24.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,305	1,310	1,990	3.5	2.8	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,055	8,845	11,205	21.2	18.6	23.9
Bachelor's degree	13,770	5,890	7,875	14.6	12.4	16.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,570	680	890	1.7	1.4	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	465	180	280	0.5	0.4	0.6
Master's degree	3,615	1,700	1,905	3.8	3.6	4.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	645	395	250	0.7	0.8	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,095	31,175	30,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,070	3,215	1,855	8.2	10.3	6.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,915	4,615	4,305	14.4	14.8	13.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	48,105	23,345	24,760	77.5	74.9	80.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,640	16,545	15,095	51.0	53.1	48.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,460	9,235	5,220	23.3	29.6	16.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,425	5,780	4,645	16.8	18.5	15.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,035	3,460	580	6.5	11.1	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,790	6,365	8,420	23.8	20.4	27.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,395	940	1,455	3.9	3.0	4.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,465	6,805	9,660	26.5	21.8	31.2
Bachelor's degree	11,360	4,645	6,715	18.3	14.9	21.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,270	475	795	2.0	1.5	2.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	340	95	240	0.5	0.3	0.8
Master's degree	3,020	1,320	1,705	4.9	4.2	5.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	475	270	205	0.8	0.9	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	94,400	47,500	46,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	32,550	16,710	15,845	34.5	35.2	33.8
Education	4,770	990	3,785	5.1	2.1	8.1
13. Education	4,770	990	3,785	5.1	2.1	8.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,590	655	935	1.7	1.4	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	245	145	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,345	515	830	1.4	1.1	1.8
Humanities	2,405	965	1,440	2.5	2.0	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	315	50	260	0.3	0.1	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,470	635	835	1.6	1.3	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	155	100	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	235	65	160	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,850	1,490	3,365	5.1	3.1	7.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	635	205	435	0.7	0.4	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,290	105	1,190	1.4	0.2	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	985	370	620	1.0	0.8	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120	10	115	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	645	160	480	0.7	0.3	1.0
45. Social sciences	1,155	635	520	1.2	1.3	1.1
Business, management and public administration	14,890	5,240	9,650	15.8	11.0	20.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	885	175	710	0.9	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,000	5,060	8,940	14.8	10.7	19.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,035	1,020	1,015	2.2	2.1	2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	770	340	430	0.8	0.7	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	250	140	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	415	175	240	0.4	0.4	0.5
40. Physical sciences	440	300	135	0.5	0.6	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	155	55	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,565	1,850	710	2.7	3.9	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,225	1,705	525	2.4	3.6	1.1
25. Library science	155	25	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	145	100	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	14,235	13,110	1,120	15.1	27.6	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	495	270	225	0.5	0.6	0.5
14. Engineering	1,845	1,640	205	2.0	3.5	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,720	2,350	375	2.9	4.9	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,650	3,500	140	3.9	7.4	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,280	3,195	80	3.5	6.7	0.2
48. Precision production	2,245	2,155	90	2.4	4.5	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,400	1,555	840	2.5	3.3	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,840	1,075	765	1.9	2.3	1.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	560	480	80	0.6	1.0	0.2
Health and related fields	7,230	1,260	5,970	7.7	2.7	12.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	410	230	180	0.4	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,655	960	5,700	7.0	2.0	12.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	145	65	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,840	2,650	2,190	5.1	5.6	4.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,295	465	1,830	2.4	1.0	3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	960	700	260	1.0	1.5	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,560	1,470	90	1.7	3.1	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	62,090	31,175	30,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,985	7,830	6,155	22.5	25.1	19.9
Education	3,445	615	2,830	5.5	2.0	9.2
13. Education	3,445	615	2,830	5.5	2.0	9.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,255	485	770	2.0	1.6	2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	195	110	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	1,055	375	680	1.7	1.2	2.2
Humanities	1,500	605	900	2.4	1.9	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	240	45	195	0.4	0.1	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	810	365	440	1.3	1.2	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	135	85	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	185	50	135	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,715	1,005	2,715	6.0	3.2	8.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	540	165	375	0.9	0.5	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,070	90	980	1.7	0.3	3.2
22. Legal professions and studies	785	255	525	1.3	0.8	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	470	95	375	0.8	0.3	1.2
45. Social sciences	760	370	385	1.2	1.2	1.2
Business, management and public administration	12,280	4,125	8,165	19.8	13.2	26.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	715	120	595	1.2	0.4	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,560	4,000	7,560	18.6	12.8	24.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,360	675	685	2.2	2.2	2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	615	235	380	1.0	0.8	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	150	85	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	85	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	380	255	120	0.6	0.8	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	40	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,175	1,595	575	3.5	5.1	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,965	1,530	440	3.2	4.9	1.4
25. Library science	115	10	105	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	85	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,095	10,125	970	17.9	32.5	3.1
04. Architecture and related services	410	215	190	0.7	0.7	0.6
14. Engineering	1,565	1,365	200	2.5	4.4	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,105	1,795	310	3.4	5.8	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,770	2,650	115	4.5	8.5	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,470	2,395	75	4.0	7.7	0.2
48. Precision production	1,785	1,705	75	2.9	5.5	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,865	1,135	725	3.0	3.6	2.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,445	790	655	2.3	2.5	2.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	420	350	70	0.7	1.1	0.2
Health and related fields	5,510	935	4,575	8.9	3.0	14.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	345	180	160	0.6	0.6	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,050	705	4,345	8.1	2.3	14.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	45	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,875	2,045	1,830	6.2	6.6	5.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,860	325	1,535	3.0	1.0	5.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	810	580	225	1.3	1.9	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,195	1,130	65	1.9	3.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	62,090	31,175	30,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,985	7,830	6,155	22.5	25.1	19.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	48,105	23,345	24,755	77.5	74.9	80.1
Location of study inside Canada	46,590	22,420	24,170	75.0	71.9	78.2
Same as province or territory of residence	45,905	22,035	23,875	73.9	70.7	77.2
Different than province or territory of residence	680	380	295	1.1	1.2	1.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,520	935	585	2.4	3.0	1.9
Americas	275	150	125	0.4	0.5	0.4
United States of America	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Europe	695	425	270	1.1	1.4	0.9
Belgium	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	520	315	210	0.8	1.0	0.7
Germany	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	425	290	135	0.7	0.9	0.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	50	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Morocco	70	50	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tunisia	165	135	30	0.3	0.4	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	110	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	94,400	47,495	46,900	...	...	...
In the labour force	66,955	34,885	32,070	...	...	...
Employed	63,960	33,505	30,455	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,995	1,380	1,615	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	27,445	12,610	14,835	...	...	...
Participation rate	70.9	73.4	68.4	70.9	73.4	68.4
Employment rate	67.8	70.5	64.9	67.8	70.5	64.9
Unemployment rate	4.5	4.0	5.0	4.5	4.0	5.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	94,400	47,500	46,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	25,940	11,700	14,240	27.5	24.6	30.4
Worked	68,455	35,800	32,660	72.5	75.4	69.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	39,925	21,610	18,320	42.3	45.5	39.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,530	14,190	14,340	30.2	29.9	30.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.6	44.1	43.0	43.6	44.1	43.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	66,955	34,885	32,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	655	300	355	1.0	0.9	1.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	66,300	34,590	31,710	99.0	99.2	98.9
Employee	59,415	30,370	29,050	88.7	87.1	90.6
Permanent position	51,210	26,360	24,850	76.5	75.6	77.5
Temporary position	8,210	4,010	4,205	12.3	11.5	13.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,760	1,240	1,520	4.1	3.6	4.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,450	2,765	2,685	8.1	7.9	8.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,880	4,220	2,660	10.3	12.1	8.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	66,955	34,885	32,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	655	300	355	1.0	0.9	1.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	66,300	34,590	31,710	99.0	99.2	98.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,300	925	370	1.9	2.7	1.2
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,675	3,905	8,775	18.9	11.2	27.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,970	4,505	1,465	8.9	12.9	4.6
3 Health occupations	5,225	835	4,385	7.8	2.4	13.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,005	2,150	5,855	12.0	6.2	18.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,360	680	680	2.0	1.9	2.1
6 Sales and service occupations	14,620	6,620	7,995	21.8	19.0	24.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,775	10,940	835	17.6	31.4	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,775	1,380	390	2.7	4.0	1.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,595	2,640	950	5.4	7.6	3.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	66,955	34,885	32,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	655	300	355	1.0	0.9	1.1
All industries¹⁹¹	66,300	34,590	31,710	99.0	99.2	98.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,890	1,315	570	2.8	3.8	1.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	195	170	25	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	290	255	40	0.4	0.7	0.1
23 Construction	5,950	5,060	895	8.9	14.5	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	8,160	5,905	2,255	12.2	16.9	7.0
41 Wholesale trade	2,280	1,785	495	3.4	5.1	1.5
44-45 Retail trade	7,155	3,375	3,780	10.7	9.7	11.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,500	1,985	515	3.7	5.7	1.6
51 Information and cultural industries	645	410	240	1.0	1.2	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	4,170	1,545	2,620	6.2	4.4	8.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	860	435	420	1.3	1.2	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,545	2,565	1,980	6.8	7.4	6.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	80	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,980	1,240	740	3.0	3.6	2.3
61 Educational services	4,370	1,160	3,210	6.5	3.3	10.0
62 Health care and social assistance	8,560	1,305	7,255	12.8	3.7	22.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	715	425	290	1.1	1.2	0.9
72 Accommodation and food services	3,090	1,315	1,770	4.6	3.8	5.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,595	1,385	1,210	3.9	4.0	3.8
91 Public administration	6,270	2,910	3,360	9.4	8.3	10.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	71,285	37,170	34,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	550	355	195	0.8	1.0	0.6
French	61,585	31,090	30,500	86.4	83.6	89.4
Non-official language	80	75	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	80	75	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
English and French	8,815	5,500	3,315	12.4	14.8	9.7
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	115	80	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	120	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	71,285	37,170	34,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	70,325	36,525	33,800	98.7	98.3	99.1
Official languages	70,215	36,425	33,785	98.5	98.0	99.0
English	1,465	925	540	2.1	2.5	1.6
French	68,745	35,500	33,245	96.4	95.5	97.4
Non-official languages	115	95	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	115	95	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	105	90	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	90	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	95	90	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	960	645	310	1.3	1.7	0.9
English and French	925	620	305	1.3	1.7	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	71,285	37,170	34,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	63,155	32,155	31,000	88.6	86.5	90.9
English	7,005	4,330	2,680	9.8	11.6	7.9
French	925	570	350	1.3	1.5	1.0
Non-official language	110	70	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	110	70	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	63,960	33,505	30,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	14,460	6,890	7,570	22.6	20.6	24.9
Worked outside Canada	65	55	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	7,070	5,550	1,520	11.1	16.6	5.0
Usual place of work	42,365	21,005	21,360	66.2	62.7	70.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	42,365	21,005	21,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	18,075	8,755	9,320	42.7	41.7	43.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,790	1,915	1,875	8.9	9.1	8.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	20,450	10,290	10,160	48.3	49.0	47.6
Commute to a different province or territory	50	40	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	49,435	26,560	22,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	45,715	24,735	20,980	92.5	93.1	91.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	43,345	23,645	19,700	87.7	89.0	86.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,370	1,090	1,280	4.8	4.1	5.6
Public transit	895	370	525	1.8	1.4	2.3
Walked	1,735	775	960	3.5	2.9	4.2
Bicycle	305	235	75	0.6	0.9	0.3
Other method	790	445	345	1.6	1.7	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	49,435	26,560	22,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	14,500	7,450	7,050	29.3	28.0	30.8
15 to 29 minutes	20,445	10,950	9,500	41.4	41.2	41.5
30 to 44 minutes	10,265	5,695	4,570	20.8	21.4	20.0
45 to 59 minutes	2,590	1,385	1,210	5.2	5.2	5.3
60 minutes and over	1,635	1,080	555	3.3	4.1	2.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	49,435	26,560	22,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,715	3,050	665	7.5	11.5	2.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	11,870	7,945	3,930	24.0	29.9	17.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	16,130	7,435	8,700	32.6	28.0	38.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,980	3,100	4,880	16.1	11.7	21.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,195	1,365	1,835	6.5	5.1	8.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,545	3,665	2,880	13.2	13.8	12.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	27,435	13,985	13,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,090	1,055	1,045	7.6	7.5	7.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25,340	12,930	12,405	92.4	92.5	92.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	20,140	10,275	9,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,675	845	830	8.3	8.2	8.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,245	615	630	6.2	6.0	6.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	430	230	200	2.1	2.2	2.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,465	9,430	9,035	91.7	91.8	91.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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