Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Les Pays-d'en-Haut, Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	46,906	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	41,877	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	12.0	...	...	12.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	31,300	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	23,530	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	69.6	...	...	69.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	673.98	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	46,905	23,230	23,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	5,280	2,700	2,580	11.3	11.6	10.9
0 to 4 years	1,575	825	750	3.4	3.6	3.2
5 to 9 years	1,825	945	880	3.9	4.1	3.7
10 to 14 years	1,875	930	950	4.0	4.0	4.0
15 to 64 years	27,615	13,515	14,100	58.9	58.2	59.6
15 to 19 years	1,725	875	850	3.7	3.8	3.6
20 to 24 years	1,405	760	645	3.0	3.3	2.7
25 to 29 years	1,710	820	895	3.6	3.5	3.8
30 to 34 years	1,975	985	985	4.2	4.2	4.2
35 to 39 years	2,245	1,095	1,150	4.8	4.7	4.9
40 to 44 years	2,405	1,160	1,245	5.1	5.0	5.3
45 to 49 years	2,565	1,225	1,340	5.5	5.3	5.7
50 to 54 years	3,240	1,600	1,645	6.9	6.9	6.9
55 to 59 years	4,620	2,225	2,395	9.8	9.6	10.1
60 to 64 years	5,720	2,765	2,950	12.2	11.9	12.5
65 years and over	14,010	7,015	6,995	29.9	30.2	29.5
65 to 69 years	4,990	2,470	2,520	10.6	10.6	10.6
70 to 74 years	3,845	1,960	1,885	8.2	8.4	8.0
75 to 79 years	2,540	1,330	1,210	5.4	5.7	5.1
80 to 84 years	1,360	690	670	2.9	3.0	2.8
85 years and over	1,275	570	705	2.7	2.5	3.0
85 to 89 years	850	400	450	1.8	1.7	1.9
90 to 94 years	345	140	205	0.7	0.6	0.9
95 to 99 years	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.3	11.6	10.9	11.3	11.6	10.9
15 to 64 years	58.9	58.2	59.6	58.9	58.2	59.6
65 years and over	29.9	30.2	29.5	29.9	30.2	29.5
85 years and over	2.7	2.5	3.0	2.7	2.5	3.0
Average age of the population	50.2	49.9	50.4	50.2	49.9	50.4
Median age of the population	56.0	56.0	56.4	56.0	56.0	56.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	23,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	16,255	...	...	69.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,060	...	...	4.5	...	...
Row house	690	...	...	2.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,155	...	...	9.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,030	...	...	12.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	145	...	...	0.6	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	190	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	23,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	8,860	...	...	37.7	...	...
2 persons	9,950	...	...	42.3	...	...
3 persons	2,310	...	...	9.8	...	...
4 persons	1,675	...	...	7.1	...	...
5 or more persons	735	...	...	3.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	46,380	23,010	23,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	41,630	20,535	21,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	25,025	12,540	12,490	60.1	61.1	59.2
Married	13,505	6,755	6,750	32.4	32.9	32.0
Living common-law	11,520	5,780	5,745	27.7	28.1	27.2
Living common law - Never married	8,020	3,960	4,055	19.3	19.3	19.2
Living common law - Separated	125	75	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	3,055	1,590	1,470	7.3	7.7	7.0
Living common law - Widowed	315	155	165	0.8	0.8	0.8
Not married and not living common-law	16,600	7,995	8,600	39.9	38.9	40.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	9,775	5,290	4,480	23.5	25.8	21.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	620	330	290	1.5	1.6	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,925	1,735	2,185	9.4	8.4	10.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,285	635	1,645	5.5	3.1	7.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	14,155	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	9,845	...	...	69.6	...	...
3 persons	2,150	...	...	15.2	...	...
4 persons	1,575	...	...	11.1	...	...
5 or more persons	590	...	...	4.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	14,155	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	12,385	...	...	87.5	...	...
Married couples	6,620	...	...	46.8	...	...
With children⁶	1,635	...	...	11.6	...	...
Without children	4,985	...	...	35.2	...	...
Common-law couples	5,760	...	...	40.7	...	...
With children⁶	2,100	...	...	14.8	...	...
Without children	3,665	...	...	25.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,770	...	...	12.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,220	...	...	8.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	555	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	46,380	23,010	23,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	35,570	17,780	17,790	76.7	77.3	76.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	24,765	12,395	12,375	53.4	53.9	53.0
Parents in one-parent families	1,770	550	1,215	3.8	2.4	5.2
Children⁶	9,030	4,830	4,200	19.5	21.0	18.0
In a two-parent family	6,515	3,470	3,045	14.0	15.1	13.0
In a one-parent family	2,515	1,360	1,155	5.4	5.9	4.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	10,810	5,230	5,585	23.3	22.7	23.9
Living alone	8,860	4,270	4,595	19.1	18.6	19.7
Living with other relatives⁷	695	300	390	1.5	1.3	1.7
Living with non-relatives only	1,260	665	595	2.7	2.9	2.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	23,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	13,395	...	...	56.9	...	...
Couple-family households	11,840	...	...	50.3	...	...
With children⁶	3,515	...	...	14.9	...	...
Without children	8,320	...	...	35.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,555	...	...	6.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	205	...	...	0.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	55	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	375	...	...	1.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	645	...	...	2.7	...	...
One-person households	8,860	...	...	37.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	41,105	20,310	20,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	40,430	20,015	20,415	98.4	98.5	98.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	46,800	37,600	41,600	46,800	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	40,450	20,030	20,420	98.4	98.6	98.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	40,400	33,600	36,800	40,400	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	36,805	18,415	18,385	89.5	90.7	88.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	38,800	27,200	32,800	38,800	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,660	13,735	12,925	64.9	67.6	62.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	34,800	26,800	30,200	34,800	26,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,520	16,085	17,435	81.5	79.2	83.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,900	13,900	13,800	13,900	13,900	13,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,375	2,290	2,080	10.6	11.3	10.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,760	5,480	5,600	5,760	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,995	6,185	5,810	29.2	30.5	27.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000	8,000	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	41,100	20,315	20,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40,440	20,005	20,435	98.4	98.5	98.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,550	67,300	48,040	57,550	67,300	48,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40,450	20,015	20,435	98.4	98.5	98.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,320	51,650	39,120	45,320	51,650	39,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	36,605	18,365	18,235	89.1	90.4	87.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,000	61,550	40,360	51,000	61,550	40,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,655	13,810	12,855	64.9	68.0	61.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,240	54,950	38,960	47,240	54,950	38,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,545	16,000	17,545	81.6	78.8	84.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,760	13,540	13,980	13,760	13,540	13,980
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,345	2,310	2,035	10.6	11.4	9.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,080	6,620	7,610	7,080	6,620	7,610
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,180	6,295	5,885	29.6	31.0	28.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,800	8,510	9,110	8,800	8,510	9,110
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	41,105	20,310	20,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,325	5,625	4,700	25.1	27.7	22.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	70,000	53,600	62,400	70,000	53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	80,400	92,600	65,800	80,400	92,600	65,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	12,330	6,090	6,245	30.0	30.0	30.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	20,800	17,600	19,200	20,800	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,560	34,400	26,800	30,560	34,400	26,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.2	84.0	75.0	80.2	84.0	75.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	54.1	56.3	51.0	54.1	56.3	51.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.8	16.1	25.0	19.8	16.1	25.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.6	1.3	1.1	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.4	6.3	5.2	4.4	6.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	4.0	5.5	4.6	4.0	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	41,100	20,310	20,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	670	295	375	1.6	1.5	1.8
With total income	40,435	20,020	20,420	98.4	98.6	98.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,525	1,055	1,470	6.2	5.3	7.2
$10,000 to $19,999	4,440	1,790	2,650	11.0	8.9	13.0
$20,000 to $29,999	6,955	3,135	3,820	17.2	15.7	18.7
$30,000 to $39,999	5,390	2,425	2,965	13.3	12.1	14.5
$40,000 to $49,999	5,050	2,305	2,745	12.5	11.5	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	3,920	1,995	1,925	9.7	10.0	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	2,885	1,600	1,285	7.1	8.0	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	2,135	1,195	940	5.3	6.0	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,655	955	700	4.1	4.8	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,200	725	470	3.0	3.6	2.3
$100,000 and over	4,280	2,835	1,450	10.6	14.2	7.1
$100,000 to $149,999	2,590	1,665	925	6.4	8.3	4.5
$150,000 and over	1,695	1,170	520	4.2	5.8	2.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	41,100	20,310	20,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	655	280	370	1.6	1.4	1.8
With after-tax income	40,450	20,025	20,425	98.4	98.6	98.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,915	1,195	1,720	7.2	6.0	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	4,725	1,935	2,790	11.7	9.7	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	8,120	3,690	4,430	20.1	18.4	21.7
$30,000 to $39,999	6,705	3,050	3,650	16.6	15.2	17.9
$40,000 to $49,999	5,755	2,865	2,895	14.2	14.3	14.2
$50,000 to $59,999	3,915	2,180	1,740	9.7	10.9	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	2,670	1,500	1,175	6.6	7.5	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	1,645	990	655	4.1	4.9	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	1,150	705	450	2.8	3.5	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	705	465	245	1.7	2.3	1.2
$100,000 and over	2,130	1,455	670	5.3	7.3	3.3
$100,000 to $124,999	980	640	345	2.4	3.2	1.7
$125,000 and over	1,150	820	330	2.8	4.1	1.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	41,100	20,310	20,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	14,445	6,575	7,870	35.1	32.4	37.9
With employment income	26,655	13,735	12,920	64.9	67.6	62.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,915	2,520	2,400	18.4	18.3	18.6
$5,000 to $9,999	2,310	1,040	1,265	8.7	7.6	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	3,330	1,570	1,760	12.5	11.4	13.6
$20,000 to $29,999	2,730	1,190	1,540	10.2	8.7	11.9
$30,000 to $39,999	2,265	1,085	1,175	8.5	7.9	9.1
$40,000 to $49,999	2,070	1,015	1,050	7.8	7.4	8.1
$50,000 to $59,999	1,790	910	875	6.7	6.6	6.8
$60,000 to $69,999	1,460	825	640	5.5	6.0	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,160	645	510	4.4	4.7	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	1,070	600	470	4.0	4.4	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	760	450	315	2.9	3.3	2.4
$100,000 and over	2,790	1,870	920	10.5	13.6	7.1
$100,000 to $124,999	1,115	705	405	4.2	5.1	3.1
$125,000 and over	1,675	1,160	515	6.3	8.4	4.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	41,105	20,310	20,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	39,980	19,780	20,200	97.3	97.4	97.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	45,600	34,800	39,600	45,600	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	40,020	19,785	20,230	97.4	97.4	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	39,200	31,000	34,800	39,200	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	36,565	18,325	18,245	89.0	90.2	87.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	40,800	29,200	34,400	40,800	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	27,240	14,030	13,210	66.3	69.1	63.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	36,800	29,200	32,400	36,800	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,145	14,225	15,920	73.3	70.0	76.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,900	9,500	10,300	9,900	9,500	10,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,690	1,960	1,725	9.0	9.7	8.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,280	5,200	5,520	5,280	5,200	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	41,100	20,315	20,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	39,970	19,780	20,185	97.3	97.4	97.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,900	64,900	45,120	54,900	64,900	45,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	40,015	19,795	20,225	97.4	97.4	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,160	49,880	36,560	43,160	49,880	36,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	36,430	18,345	18,080	88.6	90.3	87.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,500	62,050	40,800	51,500	62,050	40,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	27,310	14,130	13,185	66.4	69.6	63.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,120	56,350	39,280	48,120	56,350	39,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,105	14,130	15,975	73.2	69.6	76.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,580	10,300	10,830	10,580	10,300	10,830
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,765	2,005	1,760	9.2	9.9	8.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,290	6,255	8,480	7,290	6,255	8,480
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	41,105	20,310	20,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,315	5,625	4,685	25.1	27.7	22.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	69,500	50,400	58,800	69,500	50,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,700	88,100	60,800	75,700	88,100	60,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	11,905	5,885	6,025	29.0	29.0	29.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	28,200	22,000	24,400	28,200	22,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,920	42,200	31,760	36,920	42,200	31,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.4	88.6	81.0	85.4	88.6	81.0
Employment income (%)	59.9	62.0	56.8	59.9	62.0	56.8
Government transfers (%)	14.5	11.3	19.0	14.5	11.3	19.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.6	1.3	1.0	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	23,530	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,860	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	40,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	14,670	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	23,530	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,900	...	...	98,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,900	...	...	77,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,860	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,800	...	...	54,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,240	...	...	44,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	14,670	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	125,600	...	...	125,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,300	...	...	98,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	23,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	230	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	120	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	275	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	460	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,385	...	...	5.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	960	...	...	4.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	930	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,040	...	...	4.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,095	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,085	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,935	...	...	8.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,845	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,585	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,455	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,370	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,765	...	...	33.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,505	...	...	10.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,595	...	...	6.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,880	...	...	8.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,790	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	23,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	295	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	145	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	290	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	505	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,520	...	...	6.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,150	...	...	4.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,135	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,325	...	...	5.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,340	...	...	5.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,245	...	...	5.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,250	...	...	9.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,140	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,840	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,630	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,315	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,405	...	...	23.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,170	...	...	9.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,365	...	...	5.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,860	...	...	7.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	14,175	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,395	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,745	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,730	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	60,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	10,120	4,930	5,190	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	41,600	38,000	39,600	41,600	38,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	36,000	34,000	34,800	36,000	34,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	14,185	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	126,500	...	...	126,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,700	...	...	98,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,365	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	116,900	...	...	116,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,300	...	...	91,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,755	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	170,000	...	...	170,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,400	...	...	130,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,730	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,700	...	...	77,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	10,085	4,925	5,160	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,900	56,900	49,080	52,900	56,900	49,080
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,960	45,600	40,480	42,960	45,600	40,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	46,380	23,010	23,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	6,350	3,230	3,115	13.7	14.0	13.3
0 to 5 years	1,915	1,015	895	4.1	4.4	3.8
18 to 64 years	26,445	12,955	13,485	57.0	56.3	57.7
65 years and over	13,590	6,820	6,770	29.3	29.6	29.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,555	2,685	2,865	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	730	375	355	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	215	115	95	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,755	1,370	1,385	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,065	940	1,125	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.0	11.7	12.3	12.0	11.7	12.3
0 to 17 years (%)	11.5	11.7	11.3	11.5	11.7	11.3
0 to 5 years (%)	11.2	11.6	11.0	11.2	11.6	11.0
18 to 64 years (%)	10.4	10.6	10.3	10.4	10.6	10.3
65 years and over (%)	15.2	13.8	16.6	15.2	13.8	16.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	46,380	23,010	23,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	6,345	3,235	3,115	13.7	14.1	13.3
0 to 5 years	1,915	1,015	900	4.1	4.4	3.9
18 to 64 years	26,440	12,960	13,485	57.0	56.3	57.7
65 years and over	13,590	6,820	6,770	29.3	29.6	29.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,335	715	615	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	160	80	80	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	30	20	10	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	985	540	445	...	...	...
65 years and over	185	100	90	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.9	3.1	2.6	2.9	3.1	2.6
0 to 17 years (%)	2.5	2.5	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.6
0 to 5 years (%)	1.8	2.0	1.6	1.8	2.0	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	3.7	4.2	3.3	3.7	4.2	3.3
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	46,380	23,010	23,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	25,160	12,125	13,040	54.2	52.7	55.8
In bottom decile	4,700	2,310	2,390	10.1	10.0	10.2
In second decile	5,175	2,395	2,775	11.2	10.4	11.9
In third decile	5,205	2,495	2,710	11.2	10.8	11.6
In fourth decile	5,135	2,475	2,660	11.1	10.8	11.4
In fifth decile	4,955	2,450	2,505	10.7	10.6	10.7
In top half of the distribution	21,220	10,885	10,335	45.8	47.3	44.2
In sixth decile	4,805	2,470	2,340	10.4	10.7	10.0
In seventh decile	4,385	2,210	2,175	9.5	9.6	9.3
In eighth decile	3,965	2,020	1,945	8.5	8.8	8.3
In ninth decile	3,795	1,985	1,810	8.2	8.6	7.7
In top decile	4,270	2,200	2,065	9.2	9.6	8.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	46,380	...	...	46,380	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.374	...	...	0.374	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.504	...	...	0.504	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.317	...	...	0.317	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	46,660	23,130	23,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	1,085	590	495	2.3	2.6	2.1
French only	17,045	7,870	9,175	36.5	34.0	39.0
English and French	28,485	14,645	13,845	61.0	63.3	58.8
Neither English nor French	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	46,660	23,130	23,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	4,330	2,335	1,995	9.3	10.1	8.5
French	41,695	20,475	21,220	89.4	88.5	90.2
English and French	600	300	295	1.3	1.3	1.3
Neither English nor French	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	46,660	23,130	23,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	45,485	22,540	22,945	97.5	97.4	97.5
Official languages	43,935	21,760	22,180	94.2	94.1	94.3
English	3,480	1,900	1,580	7.5	8.2	6.7
French	40,460	19,860	20,595	86.7	85.9	87.5
Non-official languages	1,545	775	770	3.3	3.4	3.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,545	775	765	3.3	3.4	3.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	125	75	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	120	75	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	110	70	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,205	610	595	2.6	2.6	2.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	215	105	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	205	105	105	0.4	0.5	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	70	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	210	95	115	0.5	0.4	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	160	70	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
German	150	65	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	680	350	330	1.5	1.5	1.4
Catalan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	235	135	95	0.5	0.6	0.4
Portuguese	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	280	130	145	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,175	590	585	2.5	2.6	2.5
English and French	955	480	480	2.0	2.1	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	46,660	23,130	23,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,130	1,660	1,475	6.7	7.2	6.3
French	38,655	19,050	19,610	82.8	82.4	83.3
Non-official language	215	115	100	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	215	115	100	0.5	0.5	0.4
English and French	3,560	1,770	1,785	7.6	7.7	7.6
English and non-official language(s)	185	90	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	340	150	195	0.7	0.6	0.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	565	300	265	1.2	1.3	1.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	46,660	23,130	23,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	45,605	22,620	22,985	97.7	97.8	97.7
Official languages	45,210	22,410	22,800	96.9	96.9	96.9
English	4,150	2,200	1,950	8.9	9.5	8.3
French	41,060	20,210	20,855	88.0	87.4	88.6
Non-official languages	395	210	180	0.8	0.9	0.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	395	210	180	0.8	0.9	0.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	290	150	140	0.6	0.6	0.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	65	40	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	65	40	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	170	85	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	90	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,055	510	550	2.3	2.2	2.3
English and French	865	425	440	1.9	1.8	1.9
English and non-official language(s)	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	95	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	46,660	23,130	23,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	42,955	21,270	21,680	92.1	92.0	92.1
English	2,050	1,005	1,045	4.4	4.3	4.4
French	820	435	390	1.8	1.9	1.7
Non-official language	395	175	215	0.8	0.8	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	385	175	210	0.8	0.8	0.9
English and French	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	195	100	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	135	80	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	46,380	23,010	23,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	46,340	22,990	23,350	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	29,410	15,280	14,130	63.4	66.4	60.5
French	45,265	22,400	22,860	97.6	97.3	97.8
Non-official languages	4,510	2,145	2,365	9.7	9.3	10.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,495	2,135	2,355	9.7	9.3	10.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	280	170	110	0.6	0.7	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	280	170	110	0.6	0.7	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	240	140	100	0.5	0.6	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,910	1,860	2,055	8.4	8.1	8.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	285	155	130	0.6	0.7	0.6
Baltic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	275	145	125	0.6	0.6	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	120	55	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	535	295	240	1.2	1.3	1.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	440	235	205	0.9	1.0	0.9
German	390	195	190	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	105	70	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	85	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	100	70	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,110	1,400	1,710	6.7	6.1	7.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	650	325	320	1.4	1.4	1.4
Portuguese	195	95	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	180	95	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	2,370	1,020	1,355	5.1	4.4	5.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	70	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	60	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	115	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	46,380	23,010	23,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	755	360	400	1.6	1.6	1.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	700	335	370	1.5	1.5	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	355	165	190	0.8	0.7	0.8
Métis	305	140	165	0.7	0.6	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	45,625	22,650	22,975	98.4	98.4	98.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	46,380	23,010	23,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	115	60	60	0.2	0.3	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	46,260	22,955	23,310	99.7	99.8	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	23,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	17,790	...	...	75.6	...	...
Renter	5,740	...	...	24.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	23,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,520	...	...	10.7	...	...
Not condominium	21,010	...	...	89.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	23,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	50	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	2,855	...	...	12.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,770	...	...	33.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,825	...	...	37.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,035	...	...	17.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	23,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,955	...	...	25.3	...	...
5 rooms	4,035	...	...	17.1	...	...
6 rooms	3,660	...	...	15.6	...	...
7 rooms	3,265	...	...	13.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,610	...	...	28.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	23,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	23,460	...	...	99.7	...	...
More than one person per room	70	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	23,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	23,170	...	...	98.5	...	...
Not suitable	360	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	23,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,585	...	...	15.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,980	...	...	25.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,765	...	...	16.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,525	...	...	10.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,985	...	...	8.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,285	...	...	9.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,740	...	...	7.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,665	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	23,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	21,940	...	...	93.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,590	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	23,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	13,415	...	...	57.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	9,705	...	...	41.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	410	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	23,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	180	...	...	0.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,755	...	...	7.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,700	...	...	11.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,540	...	...	15.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,370	...	...	27.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,575	...	...	23.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,670	...	...	11.3	...	...
85 years and over	740	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	23,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	18,875	...	...	80.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,595	...	...	19.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,210	...	...	17.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	23,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,090	...	...	25.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,180	...	...	17.8	...	...
Not suitable only	295	...	...	1.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,165	...	...	5.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	380	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	17,440	...	...	74.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	23,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,285	...	...	5.6	...	...
Not in core need	21,795	...	...	94.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,790	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.2	...	...	60.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.3	...	...	14.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,020	...	...	1,020	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,177	...	...	1,177	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	424,000	...	...	424,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,740	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.4	...	...	5.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.0	...	...	36.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	15.1	...	...	15.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	870	...	...	870	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	952	...	...	952	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	46,380	23,010	23,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	525	245	275	1.1	1.1	1.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	490	240	255	1.1	1.0	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	435	210	225	0.9	0.9	1.0
Métis single ancestry	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,345	660	685	2.9	2.9	2.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,330	650	680	2.9	2.8	2.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,150	545	605	2.5	2.4	2.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	145	75	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	44,515	22,105	22,405	96.0	96.1	95.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	46,380	23,010	23,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	45,465	22,545	22,920	98.0	98.0	98.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,285	3,250	3,035	13.6	14.1	13.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	39,180	19,295	19,885	84.5	83.9	85.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	915	465	450	2.0	2.0	1.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	46,380	23,010	23,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	42,935	21,220	21,710	92.6	92.2	92.9
Immigrants⁸¹	3,255	1,700	1,555	7.0	7.4	6.7
Before 1980	1,130	595	535	2.4	2.6	2.3
1980 to 1990	375	180	190	0.8	0.8	0.8
1991 to 2000	530	295	230	1.1	1.3	1.0
2001 to 2010	695	330	365	1.5	1.4	1.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	530	290	240	1.1	1.3	1.0
2011 to 2015	270	155	115	0.6	0.7	0.5
2016 to 2021	255	140	120	0.5	0.6	0.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	195	95	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,255	1,695	1,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	335	170	165	10.3	10.0	10.6
5 to 14 years	510	295	215	15.7	17.4	13.8
15 to 24 years	675	340	335	20.7	20.1	21.5
25 to 44 years	1,445	760	690	44.4	44.8	44.4
45 years and over	295	135	155	9.1	8.0	10.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,255	1,695	1,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	420	185	235	12.9	10.9	15.1
Brazil	15	0	15	0.5	0.0	1.0
Colombia	15	10	0	0.5	0.6	0.0
El Salvador	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	45	25	25	1.4	1.5	1.6
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	75	35	40	2.3	2.1	2.6
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
United States of America	100	35	70	3.1	2.1	4.5
Other places of birth in Americas	150	80	65	4.6	4.7	4.2
Europe	2,240	1,200	1,035	68.8	70.8	66.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	1,055	560	490	32.4	33.0	31.5
Germany	95	35	65	2.9	2.1	4.2
Greece	50	35	15	1.5	2.1	1.0
Hungary	30	10	15	0.9	0.6	1.0
Italy	125	75	55	3.8	4.4	3.5
Netherlands	30	15	15	0.9	0.9	1.0
Poland	60	25	30	1.8	1.5	1.9
Portugal	50	30	25	1.5	1.8	1.6
Romania	155	70	85	4.8	4.1	5.5
Russian Federation	15	0	15	0.5	0.0	1.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	15	0.5	0.0	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	165	105	55	5.1	6.2	3.5
Other places of birth in Europe	395	235	160	12.1	13.9	10.3
Africa	210	125	85	6.5	7.4	5.5
Algeria	50	35	20	1.5	2.1	1.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	10	0	0.5	0.6	0.0
Egypt	35	30	0	1.1	1.8	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	50	20	35	1.5	1.2	2.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	55	30	25	1.7	1.8	1.6
Asia	365	175	190	11.2	10.3	12.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	95	50	45	2.9	2.9	2.9
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	50	15	35	1.5	0.9	2.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Philippines	40	10	35	1.2	0.6	2.3
Viet Nam	40	20	25	1.2	1.2	1.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	75	45	30	2.3	2.7	1.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	10	10	0.6	0.6	0.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	260	140	120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	15	10	10	5.8	7.1	8.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	10	10	0	3.8	7.1	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	190	125	65	73.1	89.3	54.2
France	160	100	60	61.5	71.4	50.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	10	0	3.8	7.1	0.0
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	40	0	35	15.4	0.0	29.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	15	5.8	0.0	12.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	3.8	0.0	8.3
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	46,380	23,010	23,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,755	1,960	1,795	8.1	8.5	7.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,055	1,620	1,440	6.6	7.0	6.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	39,565	19,430	20,130	85.3	84.4	86.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,125	1,105	1,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,380	750	630	64.9	67.9	61.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	740	485	255	34.8	43.9	24.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	640	260	375	30.1	23.5	36.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	590	275	315	27.8	24.9	30.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	135	75	65	6.4	6.8	6.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,125	1,105	1,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	100	60	40	4.7	5.4	3.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	435	275	160	20.5	24.9	15.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	90	25	60	4.2	2.3	5.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	105	50	55	4.9	4.5	5.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	25	10	10	1.2	0.9	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,370	680	690	64.5	61.5	67.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	46,380	23,010	23,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	990	480	510	2.1	2.1	2.2
South Asian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese	140	45	95	0.3	0.2	0.4
Black	210	110	95	0.5	0.5	0.4
Filipino	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Arab	150	100	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
Latin American	205	110	90	0.4	0.5	0.4
Southeast Asian	100	35	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
West Asian	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	45,385	22,535	22,860	97.9	97.9	97.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	46,380	23,010	23,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	14,280	6,995	7,290	30.8	30.4	31.2
English	1,335	695	645	2.9	3.0	2.8
Irish	3,365	1,545	1,820	7.3	6.7	7.8
Scottish	1,580	700	875	3.4	3.0	3.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	15,075	7,635	7,435	32.5	33.2	31.8
German	1,090	495	590	2.4	2.2	2.5
Chinese	155	45	110	0.3	0.2	0.5
Italian	1,755	870	885	3.8	3.8	3.8
Indian (India)	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	225	105	120	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dutch	205	105	100	0.4	0.5	0.4
Polish	375	220	155	0.8	1.0	0.7
Québécois	5,330	2,525	2,810	11.5	11.0	12.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	440	215	220	0.9	0.9	0.9
Filipino	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
French Canadian	3,730	1,895	1,835	8.0	8.2	7.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	585	290	295	1.3	1.3	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	870	360	515	1.9	1.6	2.2
Métis	240	120	120	0.5	0.5	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	615	315	305	1.3	1.4	1.3
Russian	295	140	160	0.6	0.6	0.7
Norwegian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	275	170	100	0.6	0.7	0.4
American	295	125	175	0.6	0.5	0.7
Spanish	390	200	190	0.8	0.9	0.8
Swedish	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	200	115	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
Acadian	465	230	230	1.0	1.0	1.0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	80	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jewish	295	175	120	0.6	0.8	0.5
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	75	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Greek	225	145	80	0.5	0.6	0.3
Jamaican	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	60	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Korean	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romanian	265	125	135	0.6	0.5	0.6
Lebanese	180	90	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iranian	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	355	200	150	0.8	0.9	0.6
Danish	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	160	90	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	75	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Belgian	520	290	235	1.1	1.3	1.0
Haitian	100	60	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	195	110	80	0.4	0.5	0.3
Finnish	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Japanese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	55	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	70	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	75	15	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Moroccan	70	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Czech	35	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Syrian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45	40	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	90	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Brazilian	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	90	65	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	90	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latvian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Argentinian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	85	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moldovan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	65	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	205	100	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	85	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Norman	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	46,380	23,010	23,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	85	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	30,775	15,005	15,770	66.4	65.2	67.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,635	800	830	3.5	3.5	3.6
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	365	155	210	0.8	0.7	0.9
Baptist	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catholic	27,400	13,370	14,030	59.1	58.1	60.0
Christian Orthodox	375	190	185	0.8	0.8	0.8
Jehovah's Witness	220	110	105	0.5	0.5	0.4
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	70	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Presbyterian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	150	65	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	420	205	215	0.9	0.9	0.9
Hindu	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jewish	375	200	180	0.8	0.9	0.8
Muslim	110	70	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	14,930	7,645	7,285	32.2	33.2	31.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	46,090	22,860	23,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	39,055	19,435	19,620	84.7	85.0	84.5
Movers	7,035	3,425	3,610	15.3	15.0	15.5
Non-migrants	1,770	840	925	3.8	3.7	4.0
Migrants	5,270	2,585	2,685	11.4	11.3	11.6
Internal migrants	5,145	2,515	2,625	11.2	11.0	11.3
Intraprovincial migrants	4,950	2,405	2,540	10.7	10.5	10.9
Interprovincial migrants	190	105	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
External migrants	125	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	44,870	22,185	22,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	23,715	11,980	11,735	52.9	54.0	51.7
Movers	21,145	10,205	10,945	47.1	46.0	48.3
Non-migrants	3,460	1,610	1,845	7.7	7.3	8.1
Migrants	17,690	8,595	9,095	39.4	38.7	40.1
Internal migrants	17,285	8,385	8,905	38.5	37.8	39.3
Intraprovincial migrants	16,750	8,115	8,635	37.3	36.6	38.1
Interprovincial migrants	540	265	265	1.2	1.2	1.2
External migrants	405	210	195	0.9	0.9	0.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	41,105	20,310	20,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,500	3,730	2,765	15.8	18.4	13.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	34,600	16,580	18,020	84.2	81.6	86.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	24,385	11,740	12,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,035	1,895	1,145	12.4	16.1	9.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	21,350	9,850	11,500	87.6	83.9	91.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	41,100	20,315	20,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,655	3,185	2,470	13.8	15.7	11.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,435	4,540	4,895	23.0	22.3	23.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,010	12,585	13,425	63.3	61.9	64.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,055	8,005	8,050	39.1	39.4	38.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,270	3,595	2,680	15.3	17.7	12.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,440	2,170	2,270	10.8	10.7	10.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,830	1,425	405	4.5	7.0	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,710	3,465	4,245	18.8	17.1	20.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,075	945	1,130	5.0	4.7	5.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,955	4,585	5,370	24.2	22.6	25.8
Bachelor's degree	6,370	2,850	3,525	15.5	14.0	17.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	865	370	495	2.1	1.8	2.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	380	195	180	0.9	1.0	0.9
Master's degree	2,010	965	1,045	4.9	4.8	5.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	330	210	120	0.8	1.0	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	24,385	11,745	12,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,445	1,525	920	10.0	13.0	7.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,620	2,315	2,300	18.9	19.7	18.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,325	7,905	9,415	71.0	67.3	74.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10,875	5,320	5,555	44.6	45.3	43.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,595	2,560	2,040	18.8	21.8	16.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,255	1,520	1,735	13.3	12.9	13.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,340	1,045	300	5.5	8.9	2.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,970	2,150	2,815	20.4	18.3	22.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,310	610	700	5.4	5.2	5.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,445	2,585	3,865	26.4	22.0	30.6
Bachelor's degree	4,305	1,720	2,580	17.7	14.6	20.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	520	175	350	2.1	1.5	2.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	250	95	155	1.0	0.8	1.2
Master's degree	1,220	500	720	5.0	4.3	5.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	155	95	60	0.6	0.8	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	41,100	20,310	20,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,090	7,720	7,365	36.7	38.0	35.4
Education	2,045	495	1,545	5.0	2.4	7.4
13. Education	2,045	495	1,545	5.0	2.4	7.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,180	405	770	2.9	2.0	3.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	130	100	30	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,045	310	735	2.5	1.5	3.5
Humanities	1,570	565	1,000	3.8	2.8	4.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	210	25	190	0.5	0.1	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	860	360	500	2.1	1.8	2.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	105	55	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	240	50	185	0.6	0.2	0.9
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,845	975	1,860	6.9	4.8	8.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	480	155	325	1.2	0.8	1.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	415	60	355	1.0	0.3	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	640	295	345	1.6	1.5	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	500	100	400	1.2	0.5	1.9
45. Social sciences	720	345	375	1.8	1.7	1.8
Business, management and public administration	6,385	2,635	3,745	15.5	13.0	18.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	340	85	255	0.8	0.4	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,045	2,550	3,495	14.7	12.6	16.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	775	460	315	1.9	2.3	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	230	110	120	0.6	0.5	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	250	155	90	0.6	0.8	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
40. Physical sciences	170	135	35	0.4	0.7	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	665	470	200	1.6	2.3	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	540	395	145	1.3	1.9	0.7
25. Library science	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	45	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,735	4,330	405	11.5	21.3	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	325	220	110	0.8	1.1	0.5
14. Engineering	775	690	85	1.9	3.4	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	985	920	65	2.4	4.5	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,005	955	50	2.4	4.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	930	890	40	2.3	4.4	0.2
48. Precision production	720	665	60	1.8	3.3	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	500	255	240	1.2	1.3	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	355	155	200	0.9	0.8	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	140	100	40	0.3	0.5	0.2
Health and related fields	3,225	765	2,460	7.8	3.8	11.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	345	180	160	0.8	0.9	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,735	495	2,240	6.7	2.4	10.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	135	80	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,090	1,220	875	5.1	6.0	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,010	260	750	2.5	1.3	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	505	420	85	1.2	2.1	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	570	530	40	1.4	2.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	24,385	11,745	12,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,060	3,840	3,220	29.0	32.7	25.5
Education	1,190	250	940	4.9	2.1	7.4
13. Education	1,190	250	940	4.9	2.1	7.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	875	285	585	3.6	2.4	4.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	70	30	0.4	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	775	215	560	3.2	1.8	4.4
Humanities	845	260	580	3.5	2.2	4.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	110	10	100	0.5	0.1	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	495	190	305	2.0	1.6	2.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	35	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	135	20	115	0.6	0.2	0.9
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,870	515	1,355	7.7	4.4	10.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	365	105	260	1.5	0.9	2.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	310	40	270	1.3	0.3	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	375	140	235	1.5	1.2	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	295	30	270	1.2	0.3	2.1
45. Social sciences	470	190	280	1.9	1.6	2.2
Business, management and public administration	4,170	1,535	2,635	17.1	13.1	20.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	230	55	170	0.9	0.5	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,940	1,480	2,465	16.2	12.6	19.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	420	230	185	1.7	2.0	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	140	55	85	0.6	0.5	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	135	95	40	0.6	0.8	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	100	70	30	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	500	350	140	2.1	3.0	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	430	315	110	1.8	2.7	0.9
25. Library science	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,245	2,885	360	13.3	24.6	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	230	135	90	0.9	1.1	0.7
14. Engineering	530	465	70	2.2	4.0	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	610	545	65	2.5	4.6	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	730	685	45	3.0	5.8	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	675	645	35	2.8	5.5	0.3
48. Precision production	465	405	55	1.9	3.4	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	400	205	195	1.6	1.7	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	290	135	160	1.2	1.1	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	110	70	40	0.5	0.6	0.3
Health and related fields	2,210	460	1,750	9.1	3.9	13.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	250	120	125	1.0	1.0	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,865	295	1,570	7.6	2.5	12.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	90	40	50	0.4	0.3	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,610	920	690	6.6	7.8	5.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	775	185	595	3.2	1.6	4.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	385	310	70	1.6	2.6	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	440	415	30	1.8	3.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	24,385	11,745	12,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,060	3,840	3,220	29.0	32.7	25.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	17,325	7,905	9,420	71.0	67.3	74.5
Location of study inside Canada	16,195	7,315	8,885	66.4	62.3	70.3
Same as province or territory of residence	15,575	7,025	8,550	63.9	59.8	67.6
Different than province or territory of residence	625	290	335	2.6	2.5	2.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,120	585	540	4.6	5.0	4.3
Americas	255	130	130	1.0	1.1	1.0
United States of America	165	75	85	0.7	0.6	0.7
Mexico	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Europe	740	400	335	3.0	3.4	2.7
Belgium	55	35	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
France	465	280	190	1.9	2.4	1.5
Germany	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	45	20	0.2	0.4	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Africa	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	75	30	55	0.3	0.3	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	41,100	20,315	20,790	...	...	...
In the labour force	23,195	12,055	11,140	...	...	...
Employed	21,075	10,940	10,135	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,120	1,115	1,005	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	17,905	8,250	9,655	...	...	...
Participation rate	56.4	59.3	53.6	56.4	59.3	53.6
Employment rate	51.3	53.9	48.7	51.3	53.9	48.7
Unemployment rate	9.1	9.2	9.0	9.1	9.2	9.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	41,100	20,310	20,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	16,990	7,695	9,290	41.3	37.9	44.7
Worked	24,115	12,615	11,500	58.7	62.1	55.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	10,820	5,930	4,885	26.3	29.2	23.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	13,295	6,680	6,615	32.3	32.9	31.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.7	40.2	39.2	39.7	40.2	39.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	23,195	12,060	11,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	555	285	265	2.4	2.4	2.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	22,645	11,775	10,870	97.6	97.6	97.6
Employee	17,140	8,545	8,595	73.9	70.9	77.2
Permanent position	13,970	7,070	6,900	60.2	58.6	62.0
Temporary position	3,165	1,470	1,695	13.6	12.2	15.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	870	375	490	3.8	3.1	4.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,300	1,100	1,200	9.9	9.1	10.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,500	3,225	2,275	23.7	26.7	20.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	23,195	12,060	11,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	555	285	265	2.4	2.4	2.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	22,645	11,775	10,870	97.6	97.6	97.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	820	620	200	3.5	5.1	1.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,730	1,175	2,555	16.1	9.7	22.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,410	1,115	295	6.1	9.2	2.6
3 Health occupations	1,920	450	1,470	8.3	3.7	13.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,780	855	1,930	12.0	7.1	17.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,005	445	560	4.3	3.7	5.0
6 Sales and service occupations	6,030	2,675	3,355	26.0	22.2	30.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,940	3,615	330	17.0	30.0	3.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	405	340	65	1.7	2.8	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	595	480	110	2.6	4.0	1.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	23,195	12,060	11,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	555	285	265	2.4	2.4	2.4
All industries¹⁹¹	22,645	11,775	10,870	97.6	97.6	97.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	110	65	45	0.5	0.5	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	80	65	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	145	80	65	0.6	0.7	0.6
23 Construction	2,210	1,840	380	9.5	15.3	3.4
31-33 Manufacturing	1,615	1,145	470	7.0	9.5	4.2
41 Wholesale trade	840	510	330	3.6	4.2	3.0
44-45 Retail trade	2,845	1,420	1,425	12.3	11.8	12.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,015	745	270	4.4	6.2	2.4
51 Information and cultural industries	470	250	225	2.0	2.1	2.0
52 Finance and insurance	690	310	380	3.0	2.6	3.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	585	310	280	2.5	2.6	2.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,190	1,230	955	9.4	10.2	8.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,075	675	395	4.6	5.6	3.5
61 Educational services	1,490	400	1,085	6.4	3.3	9.7
62 Health care and social assistance	2,975	635	2,335	12.8	5.3	21.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	745	385	360	3.2	3.2	3.2
72 Accommodation and food services	1,320	605	715	5.7	5.0	6.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	995	395	600	4.3	3.3	5.4
91 Public administration	1,220	680	540	5.3	5.6	4.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	25,620	13,350	12,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,275	770	510	5.0	5.8	4.2
French	16,640	8,465	8,180	64.9	63.4	66.7
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	7,520	4,010	3,505	29.4	30.0	28.6
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	140	80	60	0.5	0.6	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	25,620	13,350	12,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	24,490	12,750	11,740	95.6	95.5	95.7
Official languages	24,465	12,725	11,740	95.5	95.3	95.7
English	2,550	1,545	1,010	10.0	11.6	8.2
French	21,920	11,185	10,735	85.6	83.8	87.5
Non-official languages	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,135	605	525	4.4	4.5	4.3
English and French	1,110	600	515	4.3	4.5	4.2
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	25,620	13,350	12,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	19,015	9,825	9,190	74.2	73.6	74.9
English	5,210	2,685	2,525	20.3	20.1	20.6
French	1,240	755	485	4.8	5.7	4.0
Non-official language	55	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	45	30	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	65	40	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	21,075	10,940	10,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	4,890	2,400	2,490	23.2	21.9	24.6
Worked outside Canada	60	50	15	0.3	0.5	0.1
No fixed workplace address	3,055	2,285	770	14.5	20.9	7.6
Usual place of work	13,065	6,210	6,860	62.0	56.8	67.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	13,065	6,210	6,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,435	1,530	1,895	26.3	24.6	27.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,345	905	1,440	17.9	14.6	21.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,215	3,725	3,490	55.2	60.0	50.9
Commute to a different province or territory	70	45	30	0.5	0.7	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	16,125	8,495	7,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	14,945	7,910	7,030	92.7	93.1	92.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	14,300	7,650	6,655	88.7	90.1	87.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	645	260	375	4.0	3.1	4.9
Public transit	190	105	85	1.2	1.2	1.1
Walked	585	255	330	3.6	3.0	4.3
Bicycle	35	30	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Other method	370	190	180	2.3	2.2	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	16,125	8,495	7,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	4,345	1,925	2,415	26.9	22.7	31.7
15 to 29 minutes	4,670	2,215	2,460	29.0	26.1	32.3
30 to 44 minutes	3,195	1,835	1,360	19.8	21.6	17.8
45 to 59 minutes	1,705	970	735	10.6	11.4	9.6
60 minutes and over	2,205	1,545	660	13.7	18.2	8.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	16,125	8,495	7,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,195	940	260	7.4	11.1	3.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,610	1,835	775	16.2	21.6	10.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,255	2,075	2,180	26.4	24.4	28.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,630	1,530	2,100	22.5	18.0	27.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,425	945	1,475	15.0	11.1	19.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,005	1,175	830	12.4	13.8	10.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	6,460	3,310	3,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,055	555	505	16.3	16.8	16.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,405	2,750	2,650	83.7	83.1	84.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,755	2,410	2,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	790	415	375	16.6	17.2	16.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	580	295	290	12.2	12.2	12.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	210	120	90	4.4	5.0	3.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,970	2,000	1,970	83.5	83.0	84.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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