Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Les Moulins, Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	171,127	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	158,267	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.1	...	...	8.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	66,346	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	65,228	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	656.5	...	...	656.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	260.65	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	171,130	84,330	86,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	33,965	17,405	16,565	19.8	20.6	19.1
0 to 4 years	9,220	4,715	4,500	5.4	5.6	5.2
5 to 9 years	11,760	6,045	5,720	6.9	7.2	6.6
10 to 14 years	12,985	6,645	6,340	7.6	7.9	7.3
15 to 64 years	110,180	54,555	55,625	64.4	64.7	64.1
15 to 19 years	10,585	5,495	5,090	6.2	6.5	5.9
20 to 24 years	8,580	4,425	4,155	5.0	5.2	4.8
25 to 29 years	9,005	4,480	4,520	5.3	5.3	5.2
30 to 34 years	10,055	4,860	5,195	5.9	5.8	6.0
35 to 39 years	11,305	5,360	5,945	6.6	6.4	6.8
40 to 44 years	13,425	6,405	7,020	7.8	7.6	8.1
45 to 49 years	12,510	6,185	6,320	7.3	7.3	7.3
50 to 54 years	11,405	5,780	5,625	6.7	6.9	6.5
55 to 59 years	12,190	6,095	6,100	7.1	7.2	7.0
60 to 64 years	11,125	5,470	5,655	6.5	6.5	6.5
65 years and over	26,980	12,370	14,610	15.8	14.7	16.8
65 to 69 years	9,010	4,310	4,700	5.3	5.1	5.4
70 to 74 years	7,365	3,400	3,960	4.3	4.0	4.6
75 to 79 years	5,165	2,480	2,685	3.0	2.9	3.1
80 to 84 years	2,790	1,305	1,485	1.6	1.5	1.7
85 years and over	2,650	875	1,775	1.5	1.0	2.0
85 to 89 years	1,650	635	1,020	1.0	0.8	1.2
90 to 94 years	855	205	650	0.5	0.2	0.7
95 to 99 years	125	30	100	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.8	20.6	19.1	19.8	20.6	19.1
15 to 64 years	64.4	64.7	64.1	64.4	64.7	64.1
65 years and over	15.8	14.7	16.8	15.8	14.7	16.8
85 years and over	1.5	1.0	2.0	1.5	1.0	2.0
Average age of the population	39.8	39.0	40.6	39.8	39.0	40.6
Median age of the population	40.8	40.0	41.2	40.8	40.0	41.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	65,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	39,895	...	...	61.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,920	...	...	6.0	...	...
Row house	1,565	...	...	2.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,145	...	...	4.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	15,010	...	...	23.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,190	...	...	1.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	140	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	370	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	65,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	15,605	...	...	23.9	...	...
2 persons	22,140	...	...	33.9	...	...
3 persons	10,645	...	...	16.3	...	...
4 persons	10,760	...	...	16.5	...	...
5 or more persons	6,075	...	...	9.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	168,135	83,315	84,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	137,160	66,925	70,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	83,290	41,495	41,790	60.7	62.0	59.5
Married	45,300	22,575	22,725	33.0	33.7	32.4
Living common-law	37,985	18,920	19,060	27.7	28.3	27.1
Living common law - Never married	30,985	15,370	15,620	22.6	23.0	22.2
Living common law - Separated	415	210	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	5,905	3,030	2,870	4.3	4.5	4.1
Living common law - Widowed	685	315	370	0.5	0.5	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	53,870	25,430	28,445	39.3	38.0	40.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	38,485	20,335	18,150	28.1	30.4	25.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,785	785	1,005	1.3	1.2	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,700	2,860	4,840	5.6	4.3	6.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,900	1,450	4,445	4.3	2.2	6.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	48,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	23,035	...	...	47.1	...	...
3 persons	10,520	...	...	21.5	...	...
4 persons	10,505	...	...	21.5	...	...
5 or more persons	4,845	...	...	9.9	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	48,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	40,830	...	...	83.5	...	...
Married couples	21,900	...	...	44.8	...	...
With children⁶	11,400	...	...	23.3	...	...
Without children	10,495	...	...	21.5	...	...
Common-law couples	18,935	...	...	38.7	...	...
With children⁶	10,870	...	...	22.2	...	...
Without children	8,065	...	...	16.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	8,070	...	...	16.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,800	...	...	11.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	2,270	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	168,135	83,320	84,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	145,525	72,465	73,055	86.6	87.0	86.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	81,670	40,745	40,925	48.6	48.9	48.3
Parents in one-parent families	8,070	2,270	5,800	4.8	2.7	6.8
Children⁶	55,785	29,455	26,335	33.2	35.4	31.0
In a two-parent family	42,960	22,545	20,410	25.6	27.1	24.1
In a one-parent family	12,825	6,910	5,920	7.6	8.3	7.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,610	10,850	11,760	13.4	13.0	13.9
Living alone	15,610	7,375	8,230	9.3	8.9	9.7
Living with other relatives⁷	3,530	1,455	2,075	2.1	1.7	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	3,475	2,025	1,450	2.1	2.4	1.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	65,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	44,340	...	...	68.0	...	...
Couple-family households	37,700	...	...	57.8	...	...
With children⁶	20,550	...	...	31.5	...	...
Without children	17,150	...	...	26.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	6,640	...	...	10.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,625	...	...	2.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	280	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,775	...	...	2.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,595	...	...	2.4	...	...
One-person households	15,605	...	...	23.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	134,180	65,920	68,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	130,135	63,975	66,160	97.0	97.0	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000	52,000	40,800	46,000	52,000	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	130,185	64,005	66,180	97.0	97.1	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	44,400	36,400	40,400	44,400	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	119,955	60,335	59,620	89.4	91.5	87.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	46,400	31,800	38,800	46,400	31,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	102,080	52,210	49,870	76.1	79.2	73.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	48,800	35,200	41,600	48,800	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	106,030	48,555	57,475	79.0	73.7	84.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,300	9,000	11,500	10,300	9,000	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,675	9,230	8,445	13.2	14.0	12.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,680	5,480	5,480	5,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	41,200	21,555	19,645	30.7	32.7	28.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	7,500	6,500	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	134,180	65,920	68,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	129,995	63,845	66,145	96.9	96.9	96.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,900	60,800	47,280	53,900	60,800	47,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	130,070	63,890	66,175	96.9	96.9	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,160	48,440	40,000	44,160	48,440	40,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	119,725	60,215	59,510	89.2	91.3	87.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,720	55,600	39,760	47,720	55,600	39,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	102,080	52,090	49,990	76.1	79.0	73.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,720	55,350	41,800	48,720	55,350	41,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	105,880	48,540	57,340	78.9	73.6	84.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,220	11,020	13,240	12,220	11,020	13,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,675	9,270	8,405	13.2	14.1	12.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,050	6,065	8,120	7,050	6,065	8,120
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	41,415	21,855	19,560	30.9	33.2	28.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,750	7,350	8,210	7,750	7,350	8,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	134,180	65,920	68,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	51,850	27,345	24,500	38.6	41.5	35.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	69,000	55,200	62,000	69,000	55,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,200	76,900	60,650	69,200	76,900	60,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	40,340	19,575	20,770	30.1	29.7	30.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,400	26,600	18,400	21,400	26,600	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,840	36,000	26,000	30,840	36,000	26,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.6	86.2	75.8	81.6	86.2	75.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.0	74.2	66.8	71.0	74.2	66.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.5	13.8	24.3	18.5	13.8	24.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.5	2.2	1.8	1.5	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.6	6.1	5.3	4.6	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	4.1	5.1	4.6	4.1	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	134,180	65,920	68,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,050	1,945	2,105	3.0	3.0	3.1
With total income	130,135	63,975	66,155	97.0	97.0	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,085	3,480	4,600	6.2	5.4	7.0
$10,000 to $19,999	12,865	4,795	8,065	9.9	7.5	12.2
$20,000 to $29,999	18,510	7,690	10,820	14.2	12.0	16.4
$30,000 to $39,999	15,595	6,830	8,770	12.0	10.7	13.3
$40,000 to $49,999	16,175	7,615	8,560	12.4	11.9	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	14,420	7,035	7,385	11.1	11.0	11.2
$60,000 to $69,999	11,075	5,970	5,110	8.5	9.3	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	9,100	5,280	3,820	7.0	8.3	5.8
$80,000 to $89,999	7,245	4,210	3,040	5.6	6.6	4.6
$90,000 to $99,999	5,020	2,935	2,085	3.9	4.6	3.2
$100,000 and over	12,045	8,140	3,905	9.3	12.7	5.9
$100,000 to $149,999	9,140	6,000	3,140	7.0	9.4	4.7
$150,000 and over	2,905	2,140	765	2.2	3.3	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	134,180	65,920	68,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,000	1,915	2,085	3.0	2.9	3.1
With after-tax income	130,185	64,005	66,175	97.0	97.1	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,680	3,635	5,040	6.7	5.7	7.6
$10,000 to $19,999	13,685	5,190	8,495	10.5	8.1	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	21,760	9,210	12,550	16.7	14.4	19.0
$30,000 to $39,999	20,430	9,505	10,930	15.7	14.9	16.5
$40,000 to $49,999	20,135	10,065	10,075	15.5	15.7	15.2
$50,000 to $59,999	15,610	8,575	7,030	12.0	13.4	10.6
$60,000 to $69,999	11,560	6,495	5,065	8.9	10.1	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	7,430	4,160	3,270	5.7	6.5	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	4,275	2,660	1,615	3.3	4.2	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,510	1,580	925	1.9	2.5	1.4
$100,000 and over	4,110	2,930	1,180	3.2	4.6	1.8
$100,000 to $124,999	2,470	1,725	740	1.9	2.7	1.1
$125,000 and over	1,635	1,200	435	1.3	1.9	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	134,180	65,920	68,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	32,095	13,705	18,390	23.9	20.8	26.9
With employment income	102,080	52,215	49,870	76.1	79.2	73.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,340	5,700	5,645	11.1	10.9	11.3
$5,000 to $9,999	7,130	2,995	4,140	7.0	5.7	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	11,565	4,830	6,740	11.3	9.3	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	9,575	4,025	5,555	9.4	7.7	11.1
$30,000 to $39,999	9,685	4,290	5,390	9.5	8.2	10.8
$40,000 to $49,999	10,315	4,845	5,470	10.1	9.3	11.0
$50,000 to $59,999	9,195	4,735	4,465	9.0	9.1	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	7,735	4,475	3,265	7.6	8.6	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	6,690	4,160	2,535	6.6	8.0	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	5,830	3,360	2,470	5.7	6.4	5.0
$90,000 to $99,999	3,625	2,260	1,370	3.6	4.3	2.7
$100,000 and over	9,390	6,545	2,845	9.2	12.5	5.7
$100,000 to $124,999	5,085	3,390	1,695	5.0	6.5	3.4
$125,000 and over	4,300	3,150	1,150	4.2	6.0	2.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	134,180	65,920	68,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	127,330	62,495	64,835	94.9	94.8	95.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	51,200	38,400	44,000	51,200	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	127,410	62,500	64,910	95.0	94.8	95.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	43,600	34,000	38,800	43,600	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	117,735	59,230	58,505	87.7	89.9	85.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	48,400	32,800	40,000	48,400	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	101,385	51,780	49,595	75.6	78.5	72.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	50,400	35,600	42,400	50,400	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	93,515	40,980	52,535	69.7	62.2	77.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,050	4,640	8,500	7,050	4,640	8,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	16,010	8,500	7,515	11.9	12.9	11.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,560	4,160	5,200	4,560	4,160	5,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	134,180	65,920	68,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	127,270	62,295	64,980	94.9	94.5	95.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,350	59,050	43,920	51,350	59,050	43,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	127,340	62,300	65,040	94.9	94.5	95.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,840	46,800	37,120	41,840	46,800	37,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	117,435	59,025	58,410	87.5	89.5	85.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,200	56,750	39,560	48,200	56,750	39,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	101,370	51,605	49,770	75.5	78.3	72.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,920	56,350	41,200	48,920	56,350	41,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	93,535	40,950	52,585	69.7	62.1	77.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,310	8,040	10,300	9,310	8,040	10,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,245	8,800	7,445	12.1	13.3	10.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,790	5,320	8,520	6,790	5,320	8,520
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	134,180	65,920	68,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	51,570	27,240	24,330	38.4	41.3	35.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	67,000	50,800	58,800	67,000	50,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,300	73,500	56,150	65,300	73,500	56,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	37,990	18,365	19,625	28.3	27.9	28.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,200	35,200	22,400	27,200	35,200	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,840	42,560	29,520	35,840	42,560	29,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.6	91.0	81.0	86.6	91.0	81.0
Employment income (%)	76.0	79.0	71.8	76.0	79.0	71.8
Government transfers (%)	13.3	8.9	19.0	13.3	8.9	19.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.3	2.2	1.7	1.3	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	65,225	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	15,605	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	46,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	49,620	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	65,230	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	107,500	...	...	107,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	15,600	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,050	...	...	53,050	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,640	...	...	43,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	49,630	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,600	...	...	124,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	65,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	240	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	150	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	370	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	610	...	...	0.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,030	...	...	3.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,515	...	...	2.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,455	...	...	2.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,055	...	...	3.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,300	...	...	3.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,220	...	...	3.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,675	...	...	7.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,515	...	...	6.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,490	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,320	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,110	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	30,175	...	...	46.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	9,285	...	...	14.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	7,130	...	...	10.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	8,405	...	...	12.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,355	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	65,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	300	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	175	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	390	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	660	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,220	...	...	3.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,840	...	...	2.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,930	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,730	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,785	...	...	4.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,880	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,715	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,695	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,350	...	...	8.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5,245	...	...	8.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,780	...	...	7.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	22,535	...	...	34.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	9,670	...	...	14.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,180	...	...	9.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,685	...	...	10.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	48,515	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	17,345	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	22,395	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	7,645	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	19,080	9,395	9,685	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	49,200	39,600	44,000	49,200	39,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	42,000	35,200	38,400	42,000	35,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	48,490	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,400	...	...	124,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,700	...	...	101,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,390	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,700	...	...	101,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,400	...	...	83,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	22,335	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	154,800	...	...	154,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,300	...	...	125,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,645	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,700	...	...	86,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,100	...	...	74,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	19,080	9,255	9,830	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,300	56,600	46,320	51,300	56,600	46,320
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,400	45,760	39,240	42,400	45,760	39,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	168,130	83,315	84,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	40,615	20,860	19,755	24.2	25.0	23.3
0 to 5 years	11,385	5,860	5,525	6.8	7.0	6.5
18 to 64 years	103,340	50,990	52,350	61.5	61.2	61.7
65 years and over	24,180	11,470	12,710	14.4	13.8	15.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,660	4,210	5,450	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,965	995	965	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	520	265	255	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,545	2,110	2,430	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,150	1,100	2,050	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.7	5.1	6.4	5.7	5.1	6.4
0 to 17 years (%)	4.8	4.8	4.9	4.8	4.8	4.9
0 to 5 years (%)	4.6	4.5	4.6	4.6	4.5	4.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.4	4.2	4.6	4.4	4.2	4.6
65 years and over (%)	13.0	9.6	16.2	13.0	9.6	16.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	168,135	83,320	84,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	40,610	20,855	19,755	24.2	25.0	23.3
0 to 5 years	11,390	5,865	5,525	6.8	7.0	6.5
18 to 64 years	103,345	50,990	52,355	61.5	61.2	61.7
65 years and over	24,175	11,465	12,705	14.4	13.8	15.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,500	2,090	2,410	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	875	430	445	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	225	115	115	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,750	1,370	1,385	...	...	...
65 years and over	875	290	585	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.7	2.5	2.8	2.7	2.5	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.2
0 to 5 years (%)	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.1
18 to 64 years (%)	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.7	2.7	2.6
65 years and over (%)	3.6	2.5	4.6	3.6	2.5	4.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	168,130	83,315	84,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	77,885	37,385	40,500	46.3	44.9	47.8
In bottom decile	7,915	3,520	4,390	4.7	4.2	5.2
In second decile	12,660	5,800	6,865	7.5	7.0	8.1
In third decile	16,820	8,050	8,770	10.0	9.7	10.3
In fourth decile	19,165	9,380	9,785	11.4	11.3	11.5
In fifth decile	21,325	10,635	10,690	12.7	12.8	12.6
In top half of the distribution	90,250	45,930	44,315	53.7	55.1	52.2
In sixth decile	21,695	10,985	10,715	12.9	13.2	12.6
In seventh decile	21,945	11,065	10,885	13.1	13.3	12.8
In eighth decile	20,115	10,295	9,820	12.0	12.4	11.6
In ninth decile	16,785	8,590	8,190	10.0	10.3	9.7
In top decile	9,705	4,990	4,710	5.8	6.0	5.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	168,135	...	...	168,135	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.267	...	...	0.267	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.373	...	...	0.373	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.228	...	...	0.228	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	169,125	83,655	85,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	1,080	565	515	0.6	0.7	0.6
French only	90,605	42,385	48,215	53.6	50.7	56.4
English and French	76,910	40,515	36,395	45.5	48.4	42.6
Neither English nor French	530	190	340	0.3	0.2	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	169,125	83,655	85,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	6,580	3,365	3,215	3.9	4.0	3.8
French	158,535	78,250	80,285	93.7	93.5	93.9
English and French	3,515	1,865	1,645	2.1	2.2	1.9
Neither English nor French	505	175	325	0.3	0.2	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	169,125	83,655	85,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	163,940	81,080	82,865	96.9	96.9	97.0
Official languages	149,005	73,735	75,270	88.1	88.1	88.1
English	4,260	2,200	2,060	2.5	2.6	2.4
French	144,745	71,535	73,205	85.6	85.5	85.6
Non-official languages	14,935	7,340	7,595	8.8	8.8	8.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	14,930	7,340	7,590	8.8	8.8	8.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,900	1,505	1,400	1.7	1.8	1.6
Berber languages	785	400	390	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kabyle	730	370	355	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamazight	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,100	1,100	1,005	1.2	1.3	1.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,100	1,095	1,005	1.2	1.3	1.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	235	100	135	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	3,290	1,505	1,785	1.9	1.8	2.1
Haitian Creole	2,735	1,250	1,490	1.6	1.5	1.7
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	485	220	265	0.3	0.3	0.3
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,350	3,685	3,665	4.3	4.4	4.3
Albanian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	495	210	285	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	490	210	285	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	215	80	135	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	100	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	210	110	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	95	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,420	3,220	3,195	3.8	3.8	3.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,570	845	720	0.9	1.0	0.8
Portuguese	690	345	345	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	665	325	340	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	3,485	1,695	1,785	2.1	2.0	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	400	190	210	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	245	110	135	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	245	110	135	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	195	90	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	230	115	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	225	115	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,180	2,575	2,605	3.1	3.1	3.0
English and French	2,000	1,015	985	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	315	155	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	2,290	1,110	1,175	1.4	1.3	1.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	460	235	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	169,125	83,655	85,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,300	1,690	1,610	2.0	2.0	1.9
French	140,800	69,645	71,160	83.3	83.3	83.3
Non-official language	2,770	1,310	1,455	1.6	1.6	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,765	1,315	1,455	1.6	1.6	1.7
English and French	8,220	4,225	3,990	4.9	5.1	4.7
English and non-official language(s)	620	320	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	9,265	4,410	4,855	5.5	5.3	5.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	4,080	2,015	2,060	2.4	2.4	2.4
Multiple non-official languages	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	169,125	83,655	85,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	163,315	80,865	82,455	96.6	96.7	96.5
Official languages	157,370	77,975	79,395	93.0	93.2	92.9
English	5,370	2,705	2,665	3.2	3.2	3.1
French	152,000	75,270	76,730	89.9	90.0	89.8
Non-official languages	5,945	2,890	3,060	3.5	3.5	3.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,945	2,890	3,055	3.5	3.5	3.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,005	515	490	0.6	0.6	0.6
Berber languages	310	160	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	285	145	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	695	350	340	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	695	350	340	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	40	30	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	1,030	435	600	0.6	0.5	0.7
Haitian Creole	860	345	515	0.5	0.4	0.6
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,230	1,600	1,625	1.9	1.9	1.9
Albanian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	215	105	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	215	105	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	90	40	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,840	1,415	1,425	1.7	1.7	1.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	215	120	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	195	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	395	200	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	2,040	1,000	1,035	1.2	1.2	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	180	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	180	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,805	2,790	3,020	3.4	3.3	3.5
English and French	2,415	1,185	1,235	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	220	110	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	2,630	1,240	1,390	1.6	1.5	1.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	510	245	270	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	169,120	83,655	85,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	151,555	74,910	76,650	89.6	89.5	89.7
English	5,530	2,910	2,625	3.3	3.5	3.1
French	3,655	1,770	1,880	2.2	2.1	2.2
Non-official language	5,405	2,570	2,835	3.2	3.1	3.3
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,400	2,570	2,835	3.2	3.1	3.3
English and French	525	275	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,590	805	785	0.9	1.0	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	585	295	295	0.3	0.4	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	240	110	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	168,130	83,315	84,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	167,600	83,120	84,485	99.7	99.8	99.6
English	77,765	41,005	36,760	46.3	49.2	43.3
French	166,525	82,495	84,035	99.0	99.0	99.1
Non-official languages	28,480	13,845	14,635	16.9	16.6	17.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	28,475	13,840	14,635	16.9	16.6	17.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,825	2,515	2,315	2.9	3.0	2.7
Berber languages	1,265	645	620	0.8	0.8	0.7
Kabyle	1,070	545	525	0.6	0.7	0.6
Tamazight	165	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	4,240	2,200	2,040	2.5	2.6	2.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	4,195	2,185	2,010	2.5	2.6	2.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	390	175	215	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	220	105	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	175	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	220	110	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	70	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Merina	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	140	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	8,110	3,780	4,335	4.8	4.5	5.1
Haitian Creole	7,580	3,510	4,070	4.5	4.2	4.8
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	180	110	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	1,035	485	545	0.6	0.6	0.6
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	13,555	6,620	6,935	8.1	7.9	8.2
Albanian	60	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	65	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	870	420	455	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	870	420	455	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	615	280	335	0.4	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	115	40	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	350	175	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	280	145	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	265	145	125	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	190	140	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	395	220	175	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	200	105	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	75	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	235	130	105	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	220	115	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	110	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	12,130	5,855	6,270	7.2	7.0	7.4
Catalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	3,340	1,755	1,585	2.0	2.1	1.9
Portuguese	1,000	520	490	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	835	415	415	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	7,660	3,565	4,090	4.6	4.3	4.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,130	550	580	0.7	0.7	0.7
Akan (Twi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	355	180	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Luba-Kasai	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	225	115	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	205	100	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	185	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	275	115	160	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	275	115	160	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	210	85	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	115	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	115	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	315	165	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	315	165	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	168,130	83,320	84,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,250	1,080	1,170	1.3	1.3	1.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,080	995	1,085	1.2	1.2	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,270	590	680	0.8	0.7	0.8
Métis	815	405	405	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	165,880	82,235	83,645	98.7	98.7	98.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	168,130	83,320	84,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	425	225	205	0.3	0.3	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	167,705	83,090	84,615	99.7	99.7	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	65,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	49,650	...	...	76.1	...	...
Renter	15,575	...	...	23.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	65,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	10,430	...	...	16.0	...	...
Not condominium	54,800	...	...	84.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	65,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	90	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	6,295	...	...	9.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	17,970	...	...	27.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	23,305	...	...	35.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	17,565	...	...	26.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	65,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	17,230	...	...	26.4	...	...
5 rooms	9,105	...	...	14.0	...	...
6 rooms	7,890	...	...	12.1	...	...
7 rooms	9,495	...	...	14.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	21,505	...	...	33.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	65,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	64,780	...	...	99.3	...	...
More than one person per room	445	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	65,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	63,360	...	...	97.1	...	...
Not suitable	1,870	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	65,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,225	...	...	4.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,310	...	...	21.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	11,545	...	...	17.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	9,095	...	...	13.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	7,480	...	...	11.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	8,455	...	...	13.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,530	...	...	8.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,585	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	65,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	62,690	...	...	96.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,535	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	65,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	30,120	...	...	46.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	33,410	...	...	51.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,695	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	65,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	945	...	...	1.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	8,475	...	...	13.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	13,625	...	...	20.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	13,955	...	...	21.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	13,640	...	...	20.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,490	...	...	14.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,190	...	...	6.4	...	...
85 years and over	905	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	65,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	56,545	...	...	86.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,570	...	...	13.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,045	...	...	12.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	65,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,390	...	...	19.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,110	...	...	12.4	...	...
Not suitable only	1,665	...	...	2.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,035	...	...	3.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	80	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	375	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	115	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	52,840	...	...	81.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	64,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,755	...	...	4.3	...	...
Not in core need	61,840	...	...	95.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	49,610	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	74.7	...	...	74.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.5	...	...	9.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,370	...	...	1,370	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,392	...	...	1,392	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	375,600	...	...	375,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	15,575	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	4.8	...	...	4.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.8	...	...	24.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	12.6	...	...	12.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	940	...	...	940	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	998	...	...	998	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	168,135	83,315	84,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,215	1,055	1,165	1.3	1.3	1.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,185	1,045	1,135	1.3	1.3	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,930	915	1,020	1.1	1.1	1.2
Métis single ancestry	250	135	120	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,570	1,740	1,825	2.1	2.1	2.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,555	1,740	1,810	2.1	2.1	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,200	1,565	1,640	1.9	1.9	1.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	295	155	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	162,350	80,525	81,825	96.6	96.7	96.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	168,135	83,315	84,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	164,165	81,330	82,840	97.6	97.6	97.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	40,135	20,635	19,505	23.9	24.8	23.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	124,035	60,695	63,335	73.8	72.9	74.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,960	1,985	1,975	2.4	2.4	2.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	168,135	83,315	84,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	148,775	73,675	75,110	88.5	88.4	88.6
Immigrants⁸¹	18,620	9,235	9,385	11.1	11.1	11.1
Before 1980	2,040	1,095	950	1.2	1.3	1.1
1980 to 1990	1,835	975	855	1.1	1.2	1.0
1991 to 2000	3,145	1,540	1,610	1.9	1.8	1.9
2001 to 2010	6,315	3,090	3,225	3.8	3.7	3.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,285	2,535	2,745	3.1	3.0	3.2
2011 to 2015	3,680	1,750	1,935	2.2	2.1	2.3
2016 to 2021	1,600	785	810	1.0	0.9	1.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	735	410	320	0.4	0.5	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	18,620	9,235	9,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,080	1,090	985	11.2	11.8	10.5
5 to 14 years	3,760	1,995	1,765	20.2	21.6	18.8
15 to 24 years	3,015	1,270	1,745	16.2	13.8	18.6
25 to 44 years	8,790	4,455	4,335	47.2	48.2	46.2
45 years and over	975	420	555	5.2	4.5	5.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	18,620	9,235	9,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	8,335	3,915	4,420	44.8	42.4	47.1
Brazil	80	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Colombia	355	140	210	1.9	1.5	2.2
El Salvador	350	160	190	1.9	1.7	2.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	5,355	2,470	2,880	28.8	26.7	30.7
Jamaica	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mexico	240	85	150	1.3	0.9	1.6
Peru	435	225	210	2.3	2.4	2.2
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	380	205	180	2.0	2.2	1.9
Other places of birth in Americas	1,110	565	550	6.0	6.1	5.9
Europe	3,400	1,825	1,570	18.3	19.8	16.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
France	1,045	590	455	5.6	6.4	4.8
Germany	50	40	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Greece	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Hungary	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italy	605	350	255	3.2	3.8	2.7
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Poland	55	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Portugal	305	145	165	1.6	1.6	1.8
Romania	400	185	215	2.1	2.0	2.3
Russian Federation	75	25	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	115	40	75	0.6	0.4	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Other places of birth in Europe	635	375	265	3.4	4.1	2.8
Africa	5,455	2,800	2,655	29.3	30.3	28.3
Algeria	1,750	895	855	9.4	9.7	9.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	375	160	210	2.0	1.7	2.2
Egypt	60	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	1,290	650	645	6.9	7.0	6.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,970	1,055	910	10.6	11.4	9.7
Asia	1,410	670	735	7.6	7.3	7.8
Afghanistan	90	40	50	0.5	0.4	0.5
Iran⁸⁸	55	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	195	105	90	1.0	1.1	1.0
Syria⁸⁹	45	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Turkey	170	90	85	0.9	1.0	0.9
China⁹⁰	155	65	95	0.8	0.7	1.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Philippines	75	10	60	0.4	0.1	0.6
Viet Nam	105	55	50	0.6	0.6	0.5
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	45	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pakistan	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sri Lanka	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	340	165	175	1.8	1.8	1.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,600	790	810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	605	300	300	37.8	38.0	37.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	50	20	30	3.1	2.5	3.7
Haiti	360	185	175	22.5	23.4	21.6
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	25	0	25	1.6	0.0	3.1
United States of America	55	30	25	3.4	3.8	3.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	10	15	1.6	1.3	1.9
Other places of birth in Americas	85	50	35	5.3	6.3	4.3
Europe	225	110	110	14.1	13.9	13.6
France	130	70	60	8.1	8.9	7.4
Germany	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	15	0	0.9	1.9	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	0	25	1.6	0.0	3.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0	0	0.9	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	10	20	2.2	1.3	2.5
Africa	655	325	335	40.9	41.1	41.4
Algeria	105	50	55	6.6	6.3	6.8
Burundi	50	30	25	3.1	3.8	3.1
Cameroon	75	30	40	4.7	3.8	4.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	10	15	1.9	1.3	1.9
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	105	50	55	6.6	6.3	6.8
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	85	40	50	5.3	5.1	6.2
Other places of birth in Africa	185	100	80	11.6	12.7	9.9
Asia	110	35	70	6.9	4.4	8.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	25	0	25	1.6	0.0	3.1
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	20	15	0	1.3	1.9	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	35	15	20	2.2	1.9	2.5
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	168,130	83,320	84,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	20,045	9,885	10,155	11.9	11.9	12.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	18,455	9,270	9,180	11.0	11.1	10.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	129,635	64,160	65,475	77.1	77.0	77.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	16,580	8,140	8,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	8,040	4,240	3,805	48.5	52.1	45.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,515	2,240	1,275	21.2	27.5	15.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	4,530	2,000	2,530	27.3	24.6	30.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	5,595	2,370	3,225	33.7	29.1	38.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,495	1,300	1,195	15.0	16.0	14.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	450	230	220	2.7	2.8	2.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	16,580	8,140	8,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,130	1,095	1,035	12.8	13.5	12.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,065	620	445	6.4	7.6	5.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	240	135	105	1.4	1.7	1.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	340	205	135	2.1	2.5	1.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	170	70	95	1.0	0.9	1.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	12,625	6,005	6,625	76.1	73.8	78.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	168,130	83,320	84,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	25,540	12,405	13,145	15.2	14.9	15.5
South Asian	360	170	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese	480	160	325	0.3	0.2	0.4
Black	15,650	7,570	8,080	9.3	9.1	9.5
Filipino	145	95	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	3,750	1,960	1,795	2.2	2.4	2.1
Latin American	3,380	1,610	1,780	2.0	1.9	2.1
Southeast Asian	825	370	455	0.5	0.4	0.5
West Asian	350	150	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	410	215	195	0.2	0.3	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	142,590	70,915	71,670	84.8	85.1	84.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	168,130	83,315	84,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	56,225	27,545	28,685	33.4	33.1	33.8
English	2,055	1,050	1,005	1.2	1.3	1.2
Irish	6,640	3,145	3,495	3.9	3.8	4.1
Scottish	2,350	1,160	1,190	1.4	1.4	1.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	32,790	16,605	16,180	19.5	19.9	19.1
German	1,650	815	835	1.0	1.0	1.0
Chinese	575	205	370	0.3	0.2	0.4
Italian	9,270	4,645	4,625	5.5	5.6	5.5
Indian (India)	345	165	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	575	290	290	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	190	100	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	830	430	405	0.5	0.5	0.5
Québécois	21,735	10,900	10,835	12.9	13.1	12.8
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	325	185	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Filipino	185	120	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	12,935	6,335	6,600	7.7	7.6	7.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,860	1,405	1,455	1.7	1.7	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,770	1,360	1,415	1.6	1.6	1.7
Métis	590	295	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,370	725	640	0.8	0.9	0.8
Russian	330	120	210	0.2	0.1	0.2
Norwegian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	45	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	1,675	870	800	1.0	1.0	0.9
American	735	340	395	0.4	0.4	0.5
Spanish	1,580	775	805	0.9	0.9	0.9
Swedish	75	45	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungarian	295	115	180	0.2	0.1	0.2
Acadian	1,640	735	905	1.0	0.9	1.1
Pakistani	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	2,210	1,115	1,095	1.3	1.3	1.3
Jewish	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	300	130	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,470	760	705	0.9	0.9	0.8
Greek	430	265	160	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	105	75	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	120	35	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	70	45	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	690	310	375	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanese	575	290	280	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,480	740	735	0.9	0.9	0.9
Danish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	505	265	240	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	185	95	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	1,165	600	570	0.7	0.7	0.7
Haitian	10,345	4,940	5,405	6.2	5.9	6.4
Hindu	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	415	175	235	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	355	160	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	330	145	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	525	235	295	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	410	180	230	0.2	0.2	0.3
Moroccan	1,510	765	750	0.9	0.9	0.9
Czech	65	45	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Syrian	210	90	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	335	145	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	105	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	335	165	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	1,330	680	650	0.8	0.8	0.8
Brazilian	100	35	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	705	340	365	0.4	0.4	0.4
African Caribbean	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	285	105	170	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquin	415	210	205	0.2	0.3	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	395	230	165	0.2	0.3	0.2
Congolese	510	265	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	90	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	680	355	325	0.4	0.4	0.4
Yoruba	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	315	155	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber	965	475	490	0.6	0.6	0.6
Albanian	65	50	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	180	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	30	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	410	210	205	0.2	0.3	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	290	145	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	330	150	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	560	275	285	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guatemalan	265	120	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	190	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	65	45	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Franco Ontarian	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	145	90	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	75	45	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	280	150	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	760	375	390	0.5	0.5	0.5
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	260	90	170	0.2	0.1	0.2
Moldovan	260	150	110	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	240	110	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	325	135	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	100	75	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	505	250	255	0.3	0.3	0.3
Norman	210	75	135	0.1	0.1	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	165	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	145	95	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	90	40	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Grenadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	140	90	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	180	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	60	45	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	165	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	168,130	83,320	84,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	410	190	215	0.2	0.2	0.3
Christian	115,555	56,035	59,520	68.7	67.3	70.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10,245	4,995	5,245	6.1	6.0	6.2
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	165	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	1,455	720	735	0.9	0.9	0.9
Catholic	97,675	47,390	50,290	58.1	56.9	59.3
Christian Orthodox	1,150	620	530	0.7	0.7	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	505	190	310	0.3	0.2	0.4
Latter Day Saints	185	80	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	65	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	935	430	505	0.6	0.5	0.6
Presbyterian	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	75	20	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,055	1,465	1,590	1.8	1.8	1.9
Hindu	150	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	6,025	3,100	2,925	3.6	3.7	3.4
Sikh	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	515	245	265	0.3	0.3	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	45,345	23,590	21,750	27.0	28.3	25.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	166,420	82,465	83,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	148,935	74,035	74,895	89.5	89.8	89.2
Movers	17,490	8,430	9,060	10.5	10.2	10.8
Non-migrants	7,310	3,420	3,895	4.4	4.1	4.6
Migrants	10,175	5,005	5,165	6.1	6.1	6.2
Internal migrants	9,935	4,880	5,060	6.0	5.9	6.0
Intraprovincial migrants	9,775	4,805	4,970	5.9	5.8	5.9
Interprovincial migrants	155	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	240	125	110	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	158,920	78,565	80,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	98,335	49,410	48,925	61.9	62.9	60.9
Movers	60,580	29,155	31,430	38.1	37.1	39.1
Non-migrants	17,400	8,220	9,180	10.9	10.5	11.4
Migrants	43,185	20,935	22,250	27.2	26.6	27.7
Internal migrants	41,605	20,160	21,445	26.2	25.7	26.7
Intraprovincial migrants	41,125	19,955	21,170	25.9	25.4	26.3
Interprovincial migrants	480	210	275	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	1,580	770	805	1.0	1.0	1.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	134,180	65,920	68,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	27,835	15,785	12,045	20.7	23.9	17.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	106,345	50,135	56,215	79.3	76.1	82.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,855	44,510	46,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,885	8,015	4,870	14.2	18.0	10.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	77,965	36,495	41,470	85.8	82.0	89.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	134,180	65,920	68,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	24,115	13,105	11,005	18.0	19.9	16.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	31,835	15,245	16,595	23.7	23.1	24.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	78,225	37,565	40,660	58.3	57.0	59.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	56,860	28,965	27,895	42.4	43.9	40.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	26,705	16,305	10,405	19.9	24.7	15.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	18,720	9,630	9,090	14.0	14.6	13.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	7,985	6,675	1,310	6.0	10.1	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	24,680	10,390	14,295	18.4	15.8	20.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,475	2,275	3,195	4.1	3.5	4.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	21,365	8,600	12,765	15.9	13.0	18.7
Bachelor's degree	15,140	6,075	9,060	11.3	9.2	13.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,210	855	1,350	1.6	1.3	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	445	175	275	0.3	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	3,235	1,325	1,910	2.4	2.0	2.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	345	175	170	0.3	0.3	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,855	44,510	46,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,135	6,090	4,045	11.2	13.7	8.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,085	8,435	8,645	18.8	19.0	18.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	63,635	29,985	33,655	70.0	67.4	72.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	44,870	22,715	22,150	49.4	51.0	47.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	21,560	12,835	8,725	23.7	28.8	18.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15,065	7,480	7,590	16.6	16.8	16.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,490	5,360	1,130	7.1	12.0	2.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,865	8,070	10,790	20.8	18.1	23.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,450	1,805	2,645	4.9	4.1	5.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,765	7,265	11,500	20.7	16.3	24.8
Bachelor's degree	13,275	5,120	8,155	14.6	11.5	17.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,960	750	1,210	2.2	1.7	2.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	410	150	260	0.5	0.3	0.6
Master's degree	2,830	1,110	1,725	3.1	2.5	3.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	300	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	134,180	65,920	68,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	55,955	28,355	27,600	41.7	43.0	40.4
Education	5,830	1,155	4,670	4.3	1.8	6.8
13. Education	5,830	1,155	4,670	4.3	1.8	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,335	1,065	1,270	1.7	1.6	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	430	335	95	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,905	730	1,175	1.4	1.1	1.7
Humanities	3,215	1,190	2,030	2.4	1.8	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	335	60	275	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,090	780	1,305	1.6	1.2	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	180	120	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	310	75	230	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,440	1,635	4,815	4.8	2.5	7.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	710	250	460	0.5	0.4	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,625	85	1,545	1.2	0.1	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	1,240	330	910	0.9	0.5	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	165	40	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,070	235	835	0.8	0.4	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,565	680	885	1.2	1.0	1.3
Business, management and public administration	18,410	6,410	12,000	13.7	9.7	17.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	965	185	785	0.7	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	17,420	6,235	11,195	13.0	9.5	16.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,205	1,090	1,120	1.6	1.7	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	650	200	450	0.5	0.3	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	310	160	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	565	250	315	0.4	0.4	0.5
40. Physical sciences	465	330	135	0.3	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	210	150	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,900	2,180	725	2.2	3.3	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,625	2,075	555	2.0	3.1	0.8
25. Library science	165	35	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	18,300	16,860	1,440	13.6	25.6	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	525	325	200	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	2,120	1,860	260	1.6	2.8	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,385	2,910	480	2.5	4.4	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	5,555	5,360	195	4.1	8.1	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,975	3,825	155	3.0	5.8	0.2
48. Precision production	2,735	2,580	155	2.0	3.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,000	460	545	0.7	0.7	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	790	365	430	0.6	0.6	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	210	95	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Health and related fields	10,600	1,625	8,975	7.9	2.5	13.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	530	270	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,930	1,315	8,615	7.4	2.0	12.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	105	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,990	3,900	3,090	5.2	5.9	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,015	695	2,315	2.2	1.1	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	2,430	1,800	635	1.8	2.7	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,520	1,385	140	1.1	2.1	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	90,855	44,510	46,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	27,215	14,530	12,690	30.0	32.6	27.4
Education	4,655	850	3,805	5.1	1.9	8.2
13. Education	4,655	850	3,805	5.1	1.9	8.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,815	820	995	2.0	1.8	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	350	270	85	0.4	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,455	555	905	1.6	1.2	2.0
Humanities	2,095	810	1,285	2.3	1.8	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	285	55	225	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,285	535	750	1.4	1.2	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	125	80	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	205	45	160	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,430	1,295	4,140	6.0	2.9	8.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	625	215	410	0.7	0.5	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,435	45	1,390	1.6	0.1	3.0
22. Legal professions and studies	1,080	285	790	1.2	0.6	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	115	25	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	845	160	680	0.9	0.4	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,275	550	730	1.4	1.2	1.6
Business, management and public administration	15,210	5,155	10,055	16.7	11.6	21.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	835	145	690	0.9	0.3	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,360	5,010	9,355	15.8	11.3	20.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,405	670	730	1.5	1.5	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	520	135	385	0.6	0.3	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	215	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	395	275	120	0.4	0.6	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	150	105	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,365	1,785	585	2.6	4.0	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,170	1,710	455	2.4	3.8	1.0
25. Library science	130	30	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	14,930	13,605	1,325	16.4	30.6	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	455	280	180	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	1,935	1,685	255	2.1	3.8	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,790	2,365	425	3.1	5.3	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,400	4,215	180	4.8	9.5	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,180	3,045	135	3.5	6.8	0.3
48. Precision production	2,170	2,025	145	2.4	4.5	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	845	375	470	0.9	0.8	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	640	280	360	0.7	0.6	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	200	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health and related fields	9,115	1,400	7,710	10.0	3.1	16.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	450	220	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,530	1,140	7,390	9.4	2.6	15.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,760	3,215	2,550	6.3	7.2	5.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,440	525	1,915	2.7	1.2	4.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	2,010	1,500	510	2.2	3.4	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,290	1,170	120	1.4	2.6	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	90,855	44,510	46,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,215	14,530	12,690	30.0	32.6	27.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	63,640	29,980	33,650	70.0	67.4	72.6
Location of study inside Canada	59,160	27,660	31,495	65.1	62.1	68.0
Same as province or territory of residence	58,570	27,365	31,205	64.5	61.5	67.3
Different than province or territory of residence	590	300	290	0.6	0.7	0.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,480	2,320	2,160	4.9	5.2	4.7
Americas	1,305	670	630	1.4	1.5	1.4
United States of America	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexico	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	540	335	205	0.6	0.8	0.4
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	45	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Colombia	140	50	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Peru	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Europe	1,270	735	540	1.4	1.7	1.2
Belgium	45	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	655	380	270	0.7	0.9	0.6
Germany	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	155	100	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Russian Federation	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	1,575	765	815	1.7	1.7	1.8
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	630	345	280	0.7	0.8	0.6
Morocco	410	200	215	0.5	0.4	0.5
Tunisia	155	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egypt	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	360	150	210	0.4	0.3	0.5
Asia	305	140	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	134,180	65,920	68,260	...	...	...
In the labour force	94,270	47,850	46,420	...	...	...
Employed	88,935	45,070	43,860	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,340	2,780	2,555	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	39,905	18,070	21,840	...	...	...
Participation rate	70.3	72.6	68.0	70.3	72.6	68.0
Employment rate	66.3	68.4	64.3	66.3	68.4	64.3
Unemployment rate	5.7	5.8	5.5	5.7	5.8	5.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	134,180	65,920	68,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	39,695	17,670	22,025	29.6	26.8	32.3
Worked	94,485	48,250	46,235	70.4	73.2	67.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	52,615	27,875	24,745	39.2	42.3	36.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	41,865	20,380	21,490	31.2	30.9	31.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.0	42.2	42.6	43.0	42.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	94,275	47,850	46,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,460	655	810	1.5	1.4	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	92,815	47,200	45,610	98.5	98.6	98.3
Employee	82,440	40,945	41,490	87.4	85.6	89.4
Permanent position	71,905	36,270	35,635	76.3	75.8	76.8
Temporary position	10,540	4,675	5,860	11.2	9.8	12.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,395	1,325	2,070	3.6	2.8	4.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,140	3,350	3,790	7.6	7.0	8.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,370	6,255	4,120	11.0	13.1	8.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	94,275	47,850	46,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,460	655	810	1.5	1.4	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	92,815	47,200	45,610	98.5	98.6	98.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,895	1,455	440	2.0	3.0	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	16,825	4,900	11,925	17.8	10.2	25.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,875	4,605	1,270	6.2	9.6	2.7
3 Health occupations	8,405	1,410	6,990	8.9	2.9	15.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	12,185	3,300	8,890	12.9	6.9	19.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,155	1,000	1,150	2.3	2.1	2.5
6 Sales and service occupations	22,525	10,290	12,235	23.9	21.5	26.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	18,190	16,650	1,540	19.3	34.8	3.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	855	675	175	0.9	1.4	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,910	2,910	1,000	4.1	6.1	2.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	94,275	47,850	46,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,460	655	810	1.5	1.4	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	92,815	47,200	45,610	98.5	98.6	98.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	430	285	145	0.5	0.6	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	280	230	55	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	745	495	250	0.8	1.0	0.5
23 Construction	10,020	8,480	1,540	10.6	17.7	3.3
31-33 Manufacturing	9,050	6,520	2,535	9.6	13.6	5.5
41 Wholesale trade	3,610	2,410	1,200	3.8	5.0	2.6
44-45 Retail trade	12,375	5,995	6,385	13.1	12.5	13.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,435	3,310	1,130	4.7	6.9	2.4
51 Information and cultural industries	1,465	845	620	1.6	1.8	1.3
52 Finance and insurance	3,555	1,440	2,120	3.8	3.0	4.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,300	685	620	1.4	1.4	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,440	2,840	2,600	5.8	5.9	5.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,535	2,090	1,445	3.7	4.4	3.1
61 Educational services	6,895	1,665	5,225	7.3	3.5	11.3
62 Health care and social assistance	14,340	2,315	12,025	15.2	4.8	25.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,120	620	505	1.2	1.3	1.1
72 Accommodation and food services	4,200	1,925	2,275	4.5	4.0	4.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	4,030	1,925	2,105	4.3	4.0	4.5
91 Public administration	5,850	3,085	2,765	6.2	6.4	6.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	99,300	50,520	48,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,865	1,075	790	1.9	2.1	1.6
French	74,945	36,970	37,975	75.5	73.2	77.8
Non-official language	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	21,565	12,015	9,555	21.7	23.8	19.6
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	250	130	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	560	280	285	0.6	0.6	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	99,300	50,520	48,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	95,700	48,575	47,125	96.4	96.2	96.6
Official languages	95,540	48,485	47,055	96.2	96.0	96.5
English	4,935	2,845	2,085	5.0	5.6	4.3
French	90,605	45,640	44,965	91.2	90.3	92.2
Non-official languages	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,600	1,955	1,655	3.6	3.9	3.4
English and French	3,470	1,890	1,580	3.5	3.7	3.2
English and non-official language(s)	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	99,300	50,520	48,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	80,350	39,960	40,395	80.9	79.1	82.8
English	15,245	8,470	6,775	15.4	16.8	13.9
French	3,045	1,765	1,280	3.1	3.5	2.6
Non-official language	250	135	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	250	135	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and French	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	295	125	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	88,930	45,070	43,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	14,470	6,605	7,860	16.3	14.7	17.9
Worked outside Canada	95	80	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	12,005	9,325	2,680	13.5	20.7	6.1
Usual place of work	62,365	29,060	33,310	70.1	64.5	75.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	62,370	29,060	33,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	16,620	6,505	10,115	26.6	22.4	30.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,950	2,330	3,615	9.5	8.0	10.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	39,730	20,165	19,560	63.7	69.4	58.7
Commute to a different province or territory	70	55	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	74,375	38,390	35,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	68,035	35,825	32,205	91.5	93.3	89.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	65,020	34,635	30,385	87.4	90.2	84.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,015	1,195	1,820	4.1	3.1	5.1
Public transit	3,105	1,190	1,910	4.2	3.1	5.3
Walked	1,860	655	1,205	2.5	1.7	3.3
Bicycle	320	250	70	0.4	0.7	0.2
Other method	1,050	465	585	1.4	1.2	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	74,375	38,390	35,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	13,860	5,530	8,330	18.6	14.4	23.1
15 to 29 minutes	24,545	12,005	12,545	33.0	31.3	34.9
30 to 44 minutes	20,430	11,895	8,530	27.5	31.0	23.7
45 to 59 minutes	8,450	4,880	3,570	11.4	12.7	9.9
60 minutes and over	7,095	4,080	3,015	9.5	10.6	8.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	74,375	38,390	35,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	9,945	7,875	2,065	13.4	20.5	5.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	15,270	8,605	6,660	20.5	22.4	18.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	17,880	7,375	10,505	24.0	19.2	29.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	11,845	4,470	7,380	15.9	11.6	20.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,840	2,560	4,275	9.2	6.7	11.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	12,595	7,500	5,095	16.9	19.5	14.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	41,305	21,220	20,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,240	2,665	2,575	12.7	12.6	12.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	36,065	18,555	17,510	87.3	87.4	87.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	31,305	16,085	15,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,075	2,070	2,005	13.0	12.9	13.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,615	1,295	1,320	8.4	8.1	8.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,455	770	685	4.6	4.8	4.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	27,235	14,020	13,215	87.0	87.2	86.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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