Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Les Collines-de-l'Outaouais, Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	54,498	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	49,094	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	11.0	...	...	11.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	25,105	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	21,103	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	26.9	...	...	26.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,025.38	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	54,500	27,825	26,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	10,535	5,400	5,140	19.3	19.4	19.3
0 to 4 years	3,110	1,625	1,485	5.7	5.8	5.6
5 to 9 years	3,625	1,850	1,770	6.7	6.6	6.6
10 to 14 years	3,810	1,920	1,885	7.0	6.9	7.1
15 to 64 years	36,060	18,295	17,770	66.2	65.8	66.6
15 to 19 years	3,100	1,620	1,485	5.7	5.8	5.6
20 to 24 years	2,125	1,135	990	3.9	4.1	3.7
25 to 29 years	2,650	1,280	1,370	4.9	4.6	5.1
30 to 34 years	3,480	1,665	1,815	6.4	6.0	6.8
35 to 39 years	3,860	1,905	1,955	7.1	6.8	7.3
40 to 44 years	3,875	1,975	1,900	7.1	7.1	7.1
45 to 49 years	3,985	2,030	1,955	7.3	7.3	7.3
50 to 54 years	4,200	2,160	2,040	7.7	7.8	7.6
55 to 59 years	4,635	2,375	2,260	8.5	8.5	8.5
60 to 64 years	4,150	2,145	2,000	7.6	7.7	7.5
65 years and over	7,900	4,130	3,765	14.5	14.8	14.1
65 to 69 years	3,155	1,645	1,515	5.8	5.9	5.7
70 to 74 years	2,230	1,230	995	4.1	4.4	3.7
75 to 79 years	1,355	710	645	2.5	2.6	2.4
80 to 84 years	665	355	310	1.2	1.3	1.2
85 years and over	485	190	295	0.9	0.7	1.1
85 to 89 years	315	140	175	0.6	0.5	0.7
90 to 94 years	140	40	100	0.3	0.1	0.4
95 to 99 years	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.3	19.4	19.3	19.3	19.4	19.3
15 to 64 years	66.2	65.8	66.6	66.2	65.8	66.6
65 years and over	14.5	14.8	14.1	14.5	14.8	14.1
85 years and over	0.9	0.7	1.1	0.9	0.7	1.1
Average age of the population	40.2	40.3	40.1	40.2	40.3	40.1
Median age of the population	42.0	42.4	41.6	42.0	42.4	41.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	21,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	18,665	...	...	88.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	710	...	...	3.4	...	...
Row house	165	...	...	0.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	955	...	...	4.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	495	...	...	2.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	55	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	40	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	21,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	4,510	...	...	21.4	...	...
2 persons	7,755	...	...	36.8	...	...
3 persons	3,550	...	...	16.8	...	...
4 persons	3,545	...	...	16.8	...	...
5 or more persons	1,740	...	...	8.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	54,285	27,755	26,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	43,960	22,430	21,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	29,555	14,730	14,820	67.2	65.7	68.8
Married	17,820	8,885	8,940	40.5	39.6	41.5
Living common-law	11,730	5,845	5,885	26.7	26.1	27.3
Living common law - Never married	9,370	4,605	4,770	21.3	20.5	22.2
Living common law - Separated	180	105	80	0.4	0.5	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	2,000	1,060	940	4.5	4.7	4.4
Living common law - Widowed	180	80	100	0.4	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	14,410	7,695	6,710	32.8	34.3	31.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	10,135	5,780	4,350	23.1	25.8	20.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	600	315	285	1.4	1.4	1.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,165	1,135	1,030	4.9	5.1	4.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,510	465	1,045	3.4	2.1	4.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	16,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	8,200	...	...	49.8	...	...
3 persons	3,495	...	...	21.2	...	...
4 persons	3,430	...	...	20.8	...	...
5 or more persons	1,345	...	...	8.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	16,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	14,645	...	...	88.9	...	...
Married couples	8,780	...	...	53.3	...	...
With children⁶	4,260	...	...	25.9	...	...
Without children	4,515	...	...	27.4	...	...
Common-law couples	5,865	...	...	35.6	...	...
With children⁶	3,255	...	...	19.8	...	...
Without children	2,615	...	...	15.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,820	...	...	11.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,180	...	...	7.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	640	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	54,285	27,760	26,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	47,705	24,105	23,595	87.9	86.8	89.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	29,295	14,610	14,680	54.0	52.6	55.3
Parents in one-parent families	1,820	640	1,180	3.4	2.3	4.4
Children⁶	16,590	8,860	7,735	30.6	31.9	29.2
In a two-parent family	13,825	7,330	6,500	25.5	26.4	24.5
In a one-parent family	2,760	1,530	1,230	5.1	5.5	4.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,585	3,650	2,935	12.1	13.1	11.1
Living alone	4,510	2,625	1,890	8.3	9.5	7.1
Living with other relatives⁷	1,010	450	560	1.9	1.6	2.1
Living with non-relatives only	1,060	580	485	2.0	2.1	1.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	21,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	14,925	...	...	70.7	...	...
Couple-family households	13,470	...	...	63.8	...	...
With children⁶	6,980	...	...	33.1	...	...
Without children	6,490	...	...	30.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,455	...	...	6.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	475	...	...	2.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	140	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	570	...	...	2.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	485	...	...	2.3	...	...
One-person households	4,515	...	...	21.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	43,745	22,360	21,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	42,645	21,780	20,865	97.5	97.4	97.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,800	56,000	49,600	52,800	56,000	49,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	42,690	21,800	20,890	97.6	97.5	97.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	46,400	42,800	44,400	46,400	42,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	39,715	20,380	19,330	90.8	91.1	90.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000	52,800	43,600	48,000	52,800	43,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,095	17,110	15,990	75.7	76.5	74.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,600	53,200	45,600	49,600	53,200	45,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,535	15,070	16,460	72.1	67.4	77.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,600	9,100	10,000	9,600	9,100	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,280	2,245	2,035	9.8	10.0	9.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,960	5,480	6,280	5,960	5,480	6,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,380	5,955	4,425	23.7	26.6	20.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	8,000	6,500	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	43,740	22,355	21,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	42,565	21,785	20,785	97.3	97.5	97.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,350	65,200	57,350	61,350	65,200	57,350
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	42,615	21,815	20,800	97.4	97.6	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,560	50,600	46,400	48,560	50,600	46,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	39,645	20,400	19,240	90.6	91.3	90.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,850	61,600	51,800	56,850	61,600	51,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,095	17,175	15,920	75.7	76.8	74.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,200	59,650	52,450	56,200	59,650	52,450
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,545	15,115	16,425	72.1	67.6	76.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,380	10,800	11,910	11,380	10,800	11,910
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,430	2,355	2,075	10.1	10.5	9.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,010	6,025	10,270	8,010	6,025	10,270
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,245	5,990	4,255	23.4	26.8	19.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,830	7,590	8,180	7,830	7,590	8,180
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	43,740	22,360	21,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	17,975	9,435	8,535	41.1	42.2	39.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,500	76,000	69,500	72,500	76,000	69,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,400	84,200	74,200	79,400	84,200	74,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	11,605	5,920	5,685	26.5	26.5	26.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200	22,800	18,600	20,200	22,800	18,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,160	34,000	30,280	32,160	34,000	30,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.2	88.4	83.6	86.2	88.4	83.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.2	72.2	70.0	71.2	72.2	70.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.8	11.5	16.4	13.8	11.5	16.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.0	1.8	1.4	1.0	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.1	3.2	2.9	3.1	3.2	2.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	43,750	22,360	21,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,100	580	520	2.5	2.6	2.4
With total income	42,645	21,780	20,870	97.5	97.4	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,945	1,425	1,515	6.9	6.5	7.3
$10,000 to $19,999	4,065	1,915	2,145	9.5	8.8	10.3
$20,000 to $29,999	4,760	2,350	2,405	11.2	10.8	11.5
$30,000 to $39,999	4,145	1,975	2,170	9.7	9.1	10.4
$40,000 to $49,999	4,240	1,960	2,285	9.9	9.0	10.9
$50,000 to $59,999	4,055	2,095	1,960	9.5	9.6	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	3,905	1,950	1,960	9.2	9.0	9.4
$70,000 to $79,999	3,165	1,655	1,510	7.4	7.6	7.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,830	1,475	1,355	6.6	6.8	6.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,090	1,085	1,010	4.9	5.0	4.8
$100,000 and over	6,440	3,885	2,555	15.1	17.8	12.2
$100,000 to $149,999	4,730	2,775	1,950	11.1	12.7	9.3
$150,000 and over	1,715	1,105	605	4.0	5.1	2.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	43,750	22,360	21,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,060	555	500	2.4	2.5	2.3
With after-tax income	42,695	21,800	20,890	97.6	97.5	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,240	1,545	1,695	7.6	7.1	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	4,345	2,075	2,270	10.2	9.5	10.9
$20,000 to $29,999	5,690	2,795	2,890	13.3	12.8	13.8
$30,000 to $39,999	5,340	2,595	2,750	12.5	11.9	13.2
$40,000 to $49,999	5,735	2,890	2,845	13.4	13.3	13.6
$50,000 to $59,999	5,265	2,740	2,530	12.3	12.6	12.1
$60,000 to $69,999	4,220	2,160	2,060	9.9	9.9	9.9
$70,000 to $79,999	2,980	1,540	1,435	7.0	7.1	6.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,180	1,205	975	5.1	5.5	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,330	775	550	3.1	3.6	2.6
$100,000 and over	2,360	1,480	880	5.5	6.8	4.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,385	840	550	3.2	3.9	2.6
$125,000 and over	975	640	335	2.3	2.9	1.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	43,750	22,360	21,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	10,655	5,250	5,405	24.4	23.5	25.3
With employment income	33,095	17,105	15,985	75.6	76.5	74.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,915	2,015	1,900	11.8	11.8	11.9
$5,000 to $9,999	2,190	1,015	1,180	6.6	5.9	7.4
$10,000 to $19,999	3,215	1,535	1,680	9.7	9.0	10.5
$20,000 to $29,999	2,520	1,225	1,295	7.6	7.2	8.1
$30,000 to $39,999	2,285	1,095	1,185	6.9	6.4	7.4
$40,000 to $49,999	2,565	1,255	1,310	7.8	7.3	8.2
$50,000 to $59,999	2,705	1,400	1,305	8.2	8.2	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	2,750	1,350	1,400	8.3	7.9	8.8
$70,000 to $79,999	2,210	1,160	1,050	6.7	6.8	6.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,255	1,175	1,080	6.8	6.9	6.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,500	815	685	4.5	4.8	4.3
$100,000 and over	4,985	3,065	1,920	15.1	17.9	12.0
$100,000 to $124,999	2,660	1,575	1,085	8.0	9.2	6.8
$125,000 and over	2,320	1,485	835	7.0	8.7	5.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	43,745	22,360	21,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	41,770	21,310	20,465	95.5	95.3	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,600	55,600	48,000	51,600	55,600	48,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	41,815	21,315	20,495	95.6	95.3	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	46,000	41,200	43,600	46,000	41,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	39,095	20,090	19,005	89.4	89.8	88.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,800	53,600	44,000	48,800	53,600	44,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,050	17,095	15,955	75.6	76.5	74.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,600	54,000	45,600	49,600	54,000	45,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	28,225	12,980	15,245	64.5	58.1	71.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,850	5,760	7,500	6,850	5,760	7,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,250	2,305	1,945	9.7	10.3	9.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520	4,920	7,400	5,520	4,920	7,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	43,740	22,355	21,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	41,635	21,305	20,330	95.2	95.3	95.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,600	63,850	55,100	59,600	63,850	55,100
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	41,685	21,320	20,365	95.3	95.4	95.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,200	49,800	44,480	47,200	49,800	44,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	38,960	20,090	18,870	89.1	89.9	88.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,200	62,350	51,700	57,200	62,350	51,700
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	32,890	17,030	15,865	75.2	76.2	74.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,300	60,200	52,150	56,300	60,200	52,150
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,075	12,895	15,180	64.2	57.7	71.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,020	8,390	9,550	9,020	8,390	9,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,280	2,355	1,925	9.8	10.5	9.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,390	6,005	11,310	8,390	6,005	11,310
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	43,740	22,360	21,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	17,890	9,365	8,520	40.9	41.9	39.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,500	74,500	64,500	69,500	74,500	64,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,500	81,100	69,500	75,500	81,100	69,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,960	5,620	5,335	25.1	25.1	25.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,600	30,000	23,200	26,600	30,000	23,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,440	39,640	35,160	37,440	39,640	35,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.8	92.0	87.0	89.8	92.0	87.0
Employment income (%)	74.6	75.4	73.8	74.6	75.4	73.8
Government transfers (%)	10.2	7.9	13.0	10.2	7.9	13.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.0	2.0	1.5	1.0	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	21,100	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,515	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,400	...	...	48,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	16,590	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	21,105	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	123,800	...	...	123,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	98,100	...	...	98,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,510	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,900	...	...	57,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,160	...	...	45,160	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	16,590	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	141,600	...	...	141,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,500	...	...	112,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	21,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	125	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	95	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	195	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	225	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	545	...	...	2.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	450	...	...	2.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	415	...	...	2.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	495	...	...	2.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	510	...	...	2.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	555	...	...	2.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,100	...	...	5.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,140	...	...	5.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,190	...	...	5.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,180	...	...	5.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,080	...	...	5.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,800	...	...	55.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,855	...	...	13.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,425	...	...	11.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,465	...	...	16.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,055	...	...	14.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	21,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	165	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	95	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	205	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	245	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	600	...	...	2.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	515	...	...	2.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	495	...	...	2.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	675	...	...	3.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	700	...	...	3.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	665	...	...	3.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,495	...	...	7.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,490	...	...	7.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,505	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,555	...	...	7.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,545	...	...	7.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,150	...	...	43.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,235	...	...	15.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,430	...	...	11.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,480	...	...	16.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	16,265	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,580	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,560	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	159,000	...	...	159,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	5,570	3,205	2,375	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,400	48,800	44,000	46,400	48,800	44,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	40,800	38,400	40,000	40,800	38,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	16,260	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	141,600	...	...	141,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,300	...	...	112,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,580	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	122,300	...	...	122,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,600	...	...	96,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,565	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	171,600	...	...	171,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,200	...	...	135,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,720	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	87,600	...	...	87,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,300	...	...	73,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	5,575	3,315	2,255	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	55,450	57,250	52,800	55,450	57,250	52,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,680	44,160	43,000	43,680	44,160	43,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	54,285	27,760	26,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	12,505	6,405	6,100	23.0	23.1	23.0
0 to 5 years	3,840	2,010	1,830	7.1	7.2	6.9
18 to 64 years	34,045	17,260	16,785	62.7	62.2	63.3
65 years and over	7,735	4,095	3,645	14.2	14.8	13.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,425	1,835	1,590	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	665	350	305	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	200	105	95	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,840	1,010	830	...	...	...
65 years and over	920	470	455	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.3	6.6	6.0	6.3	6.6	6.0
0 to 17 years (%)	5.3	5.5	5.0	5.3	5.5	5.0
0 to 5 years (%)	5.3	5.4	5.2	5.3	5.4	5.2
18 to 64 years (%)	5.4	5.9	4.9	5.4	5.9	4.9
65 years and over (%)	11.9	11.4	12.4	11.9	11.4	12.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	54,285	27,760	26,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	12,510	6,405	6,100	23.0	23.1	23.0
0 to 5 years	3,835	2,010	1,830	7.1	7.2	6.9
18 to 64 years	34,040	17,260	16,785	62.7	62.2	63.3
65 years and over	7,740	4,090	3,645	14.3	14.7	13.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	990	565	425	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	140	70	70	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	35	15	20	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	720	435	285	...	...	...
65 years and over	130	60	65	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.8	2.0	1.6	1.8	2.0	1.6
0 to 17 years (%)	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.2
0 to 5 years (%)	0.9	0.8	1.0	0.9	0.8	1.0
18 to 64 years (%)	2.1	2.5	1.7	2.1	2.5	1.7
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	54,285	27,755	26,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	19,565	10,025	9,540	36.0	36.1	36.0
In bottom decile	2,975	1,600	1,375	5.5	5.8	5.2
In second decile	3,105	1,590	1,515	5.7	5.7	5.7
In third decile	3,755	1,885	1,865	6.9	6.8	7.0
In fourth decile	4,515	2,295	2,220	8.3	8.3	8.4
In fifth decile	5,215	2,655	2,560	9.6	9.6	9.7
In top half of the distribution	34,725	17,730	16,990	64.0	63.9	64.1
In sixth decile	6,160	3,170	2,985	11.3	11.4	11.3
In seventh decile	6,930	3,525	3,405	12.8	12.7	12.8
In eighth decile	7,635	3,890	3,745	14.1	14.0	14.1
In ninth decile	7,810	3,975	3,835	14.4	14.3	14.5
In top decile	6,190	3,170	3,025	11.4	11.4	11.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	54,290	...	...	54,290	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.290	...	...	0.290	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.370	...	...	0.370	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.251	...	...	0.251	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	54,405	27,800	26,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	6,445	3,460	2,985	11.8	12.4	11.2
French only	12,860	6,280	6,580	23.6	22.6	24.7
English and French	35,050	18,040	17,010	64.4	64.9	63.9
Neither English nor French	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	54,405	27,800	26,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	14,020	7,055	6,970	25.8	25.4	26.2
French	39,545	20,300	19,250	72.7	73.0	72.4
English and French	795	425	365	1.5	1.5	1.4
Neither English nor French	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	54,405	27,800	26,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	52,385	26,780	25,605	96.3	96.3	96.2
Official languages	50,740	25,975	24,760	93.3	93.4	93.1
English	12,305	6,250	6,055	22.6	22.5	22.8
French	38,435	19,730	18,705	70.6	71.0	70.3
Non-official languages	1,655	805	850	3.0	2.9	3.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,645	805	845	3.0	2.9	3.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	155	95	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	145	85	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	140	80	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,275	615	660	2.3	2.2	2.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	350	165	185	0.6	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	340	160	175	0.6	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	35	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	95	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	280	125	155	0.5	0.4	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	195	85	105	0.4	0.3	0.4
German	170	80	95	0.3	0.3	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Danish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	570	280	290	1.0	1.0	1.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	180	90	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	270	125	150	0.5	0.4	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,015	1,020	995	3.7	3.7	3.7
English and French	1,705	870	840	3.1	3.1	3.2
English and non-official language(s)	140	60	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	105	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	54,405	27,800	26,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	11,970	6,140	5,830	22.0	22.1	21.9
French	34,255	17,580	16,680	63.0	63.2	62.7
Non-official language	210	110	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	210	110	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	6,535	3,270	3,265	12.0	11.8	12.3
English and non-official language(s)	540	255	280	1.0	0.9	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	270	135	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	600	300	300	1.1	1.1	1.1
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	54,405	27,800	26,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	52,675	26,940	25,740	96.8	96.9	96.7
Official languages	52,195	26,685	25,505	95.9	96.0	95.9
English	14,645	7,410	7,240	26.9	26.7	27.2
French	37,550	19,280	18,270	69.0	69.4	68.7
Non-official languages	485	250	230	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	485	250	230	0.9	0.9	0.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	365	185	180	0.7	0.7	0.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	140	75	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	135	75	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
German	20	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	170	85	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	95	40	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,730	860	860	3.2	3.1	3.2
English and French	1,480	750	735	2.7	2.7	2.8
English and non-official language(s)	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	54,405	27,800	26,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	48,025	24,620	23,405	88.3	88.6	88.0
English	3,095	1,600	1,495	5.7	5.8	5.6
French	2,215	1,055	1,160	4.1	3.8	4.4
Non-official language	590	285	300	1.1	1.0	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	580	280	295	1.1	1.0	1.1
English and French	90	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	160	85	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	195	85	110	0.4	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	54,285	27,760	26,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	54,235	27,740	26,505	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	41,310	21,315	20,000	76.1	76.8	75.4
French	47,940	24,395	23,545	88.3	87.9	88.8
Non-official languages	4,175	2,010	2,165	7.7	7.2	8.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,160	2,000	2,160	7.7	7.2	8.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	295	180	115	0.5	0.6	0.4
Berber languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	275	165	110	0.5	0.6	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	240	145	90	0.4	0.5	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	30	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,580	1,720	1,860	6.6	6.2	7.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	465	225	240	0.9	0.8	0.9
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	455	220	240	0.8	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	150	70	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	170	75	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	90	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	560	255	305	1.0	0.9	1.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	430	195	235	0.8	0.7	0.9
German	420	190	230	0.8	0.7	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	95	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Afrikaans	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	85	30	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,615	1,280	1,335	4.8	4.6	5.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	215	105	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	290	185	105	0.5	0.7	0.4
Romanian	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Spanish	2,150	1,025	1,125	4.0	3.7	4.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	80	55	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	105	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	54,285	27,760	26,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,685	1,370	1,320	4.9	4.9	5.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,570	1,310	1,265	4.7	4.7	4.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,180	575	605	2.2	2.1	2.3
Métis	1,340	710	630	2.5	2.6	2.4
Inuk (Inuit)	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	51,600	26,390	25,210	95.1	95.1	95.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	54,285	27,760	26,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	400	200	200	0.7	0.7	0.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	53,890	27,560	26,330	99.3	99.3	99.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	21,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	18,815	...	...	89.1	...	...
Renter	2,285	...	...	10.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	21,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	380	...	...	1.8	...	...
Not condominium	20,720	...	...	98.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	21,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	1,265	...	...	6.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,825	...	...	22.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	9,100	...	...	43.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	5,885	...	...	27.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	21,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,890	...	...	13.7	...	...
5 rooms	2,935	...	...	13.9	...	...
6 rooms	3,530	...	...	16.7	...	...
7 rooms	3,270	...	...	15.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	8,480	...	...	40.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	21,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	21,030	...	...	99.6	...	...
More than one person per room	75	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	21,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	20,675	...	...	98.0	...	...
Not suitable	430	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	21,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,610	...	...	12.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,520	...	...	21.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,155	...	...	14.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,025	...	...	14.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,985	...	...	9.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,155	...	...	10.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,880	...	...	8.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,785	...	...	8.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	21,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	19,580	...	...	92.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,525	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	21,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	8,615	...	...	40.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	11,970	...	...	56.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	525	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	21,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	170	...	...	0.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,675	...	...	12.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,195	...	...	19.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,415	...	...	20.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,985	...	...	23.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,175	...	...	15.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,210	...	...	5.7	...	...
85 years and over	280	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	20,860	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	18,685	...	...	89.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,175	...	...	10.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,960	...	...	9.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	21,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,825	...	...	18.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,910	...	...	9.1	...	...
Not suitable only	370	...	...	1.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,255	...	...	5.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	235	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	17,275	...	...	81.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	20,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	675	...	...	3.3	...	...
Not in core need	19,970	...	...	96.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	18,665	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	68.9	...	...	68.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.2	...	...	9.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,330	...	...	1,330	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,396	...	...	1,396	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	439,200	...	...	439,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,280	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.2	...	...	20.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.5	...	...	13.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	800	...	...	800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	874	...	...	874	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	54,290	27,755	26,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,170	1,075	1,090	4.0	3.9	4.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,135	1,055	1,075	3.9	3.8	4.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,705	865	845	3.1	3.1	3.2
Métis single ancestry	415	195	215	0.8	0.7	0.8
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,835	1,975	1,855	7.1	7.1	7.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,770	1,950	1,820	6.9	7.0	6.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,990	1,550	1,435	5.5	5.6	5.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	760	390	370	1.4	1.4	1.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	48,285	24,705	23,575	88.9	89.0	88.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	54,285	27,760	26,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	53,790	27,555	26,235	99.1	99.3	98.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	12,525	6,335	6,185	23.1	22.8	23.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	41,265	21,215	20,045	76.0	76.4	75.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	500	200	295	0.9	0.7	1.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	54,285	27,760	26,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	51,735	26,520	25,210	95.3	95.5	95.0
Immigrants⁸¹	2,510	1,205	1,300	4.6	4.3	4.9
Before 1980	675	395	280	1.2	1.4	1.1
1980 to 1990	390	165	220	0.7	0.6	0.8
1991 to 2000	450	200	245	0.8	0.7	0.9
2001 to 2010	590	275	315	1.1	1.0	1.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	410	175	235	0.8	0.6	0.9
2011 to 2015	205	95	115	0.4	0.3	0.4
2016 to 2021	195	75	125	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,510	1,205	1,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	345	160	190	13.7	13.3	14.6
5 to 14 years	475	280	195	18.9	23.2	15.0
15 to 24 years	430	215	215	17.1	17.8	16.5
25 to 44 years	1,150	520	625	45.8	43.2	48.1
45 years and over	110	30	80	4.4	2.5	6.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,510	1,205	1,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	530	195	335	21.1	16.2	25.8
Brazil	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Colombia	50	10	40	2.0	0.8	3.1
El Salvador	40	20	20	1.6	1.7	1.5
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	20	15	0	0.8	1.2	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Mexico	40	10	30	1.6	0.8	2.3
Peru	15	10	10	0.6	0.8	0.8
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
United States of America	220	95	120	8.8	7.9	9.2
Other places of birth in Americas	125	40	85	5.0	3.3	6.5
Europe	1,405	720	685	56.0	59.8	52.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	15	15	1.2	1.2	1.2
Croatia	15	15	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
France	320	170	150	12.7	14.1	11.5
Germany	130	65	60	5.2	5.4	4.6
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	10	0	0.6	0.8	0.0
Italy	25	15	15	1.0	1.2	1.2
Netherlands	30	15	15	1.2	1.2	1.2
Poland	60	20	45	2.4	1.7	3.5
Portugal	105	70	35	4.2	5.8	2.7
Romania	60	30	30	2.4	2.5	2.3
Russian Federation	30	15	15	1.2	1.2	1.2
Serbia⁸⁶	20	15	10	0.8	1.2	0.8
Ukraine	25	10	20	1.0	0.8	1.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	310	160	155	12.4	13.3	11.9
Other places of birth in Europe	220	100	115	8.8	8.3	8.8
Africa	260	175	90	10.4	14.5	6.9
Algeria	45	25	20	1.8	2.1	1.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	55	30	25	2.2	2.5	1.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	140	95	40	5.6	7.9	3.1
Asia	265	95	165	10.6	7.9	12.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	10	0.6	0.8	0.8
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	25	20	10	1.0	1.7	0.8
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
China⁹⁰	45	25	25	1.8	2.1	1.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	10	25	1.2	0.8	1.9
Viet Nam	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.8
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	25	10	10	1.0	0.8	0.8
Pakistan	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	65	10	55	2.6	0.8	4.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	45	15	25	1.8	1.2	1.9
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	200	75	120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	30	0	30	15.0	0.0	25.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	5.0	0.0	8.3
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	105	45	60	52.5	60.0	50.0
France	60	30	35	30.0	40.0	29.2
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	0	20	12.5	0.0	16.7
Other places of birth in Europe	10	10	0	5.0	13.3	0.0
Africa	30	20	15	15.0	26.7	12.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	15	0	7.5	20.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0	5.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	20	0	15	10.0	0.0	12.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	54,285	27,760	26,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,075	1,485	1,590	5.7	5.3	6.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,155	2,125	2,025	7.7	7.7	7.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	47,065	24,150	22,910	86.7	87.0	86.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,830	815	1,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	885	425	455	48.4	52.1	44.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	410	230	185	22.4	28.2	18.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	470	195	280	25.7	23.9	27.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	675	255	415	36.9	31.3	40.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	275	130	145	15.0	16.0	14.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,830	815	1,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	60	20	35	3.3	2.5	3.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	290	125	165	15.8	15.3	16.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	120	45	70	6.6	5.5	6.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	150	75	75	8.2	9.2	7.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	15	0	0.8	1.8	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,195	535	665	65.3	65.6	65.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	54,285	27,760	26,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,685	800	885	3.1	2.9	3.3
South Asian	185	80	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese	180	75	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
Black	375	235	140	0.7	0.8	0.5
Filipino	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Arab	195	120	80	0.4	0.4	0.3
Latin American	280	95	185	0.5	0.3	0.7
Southeast Asian	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
West Asian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	120	70	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	52,600	26,960	25,640	96.9	97.1	96.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	54,285	27,760	26,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	17,200	8,790	8,410	31.7	31.7	31.7
English	4,365	2,275	2,090	8.0	8.2	7.9
Irish	7,740	3,690	4,055	14.3	13.3	15.3
Scottish	4,685	2,325	2,360	8.6	8.4	8.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	14,135	7,230	6,905	26.0	26.0	26.0
German	2,765	1,395	1,370	5.1	5.0	5.2
Chinese	300	145	150	0.6	0.5	0.6
Italian	1,180	605	575	2.2	2.2	2.2
Indian (India)	235	90	145	0.4	0.3	0.5
Ukrainian	425	170	250	0.8	0.6	0.9
Dutch	645	305	340	1.2	1.1	1.3
Polish	885	390	500	1.6	1.4	1.9
Québécois	4,605	2,430	2,175	8.5	8.8	8.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	925	410	515	1.7	1.5	1.9
Filipino	95	30	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
French Canadian	4,455	2,390	2,065	8.2	8.6	7.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,495	780	715	2.8	2.8	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,010	1,035	970	3.7	3.7	3.7
Métis	1,245	620	630	2.3	2.2	2.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	875	460	425	1.6	1.7	1.6
Russian	270	110	165	0.5	0.4	0.6
Norwegian	170	70	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
Welsh	390	190	200	0.7	0.7	0.8
Portuguese	500	305	195	0.9	1.1	0.7
American	420	225	185	0.8	0.8	0.7
Spanish	430	220	215	0.8	0.8	0.8
Swedish	125	70	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hungarian	185	80	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
Acadian	575	320	255	1.1	1.2	1.0
Pakistani	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	255	135	115	0.5	0.5	0.4
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	105	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	75	55	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Greek	150	85	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	115	80	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Korean	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	155	70	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lebanese	280	120	155	0.5	0.4	0.6
Iranian	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	355	175	190	0.7	0.6	0.7
Danish	165	65	100	0.3	0.2	0.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	760	380	380	1.4	1.4	1.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	215	115	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belgian	450	235	215	0.8	0.8	0.8
Haitian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	105	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	250	140	115	0.5	0.5	0.4
Finnish	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	60	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	275	110	165	0.5	0.4	0.6
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	105	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	75	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Colombian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	90	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	80	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Syrian	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	250	110	140	0.5	0.4	0.5
Persian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Turkish	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bangladeshi	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algerian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Brazilian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	1,090	575	520	2.0	2.1	2.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	75	15	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	90	35	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	95	35	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	25	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	80	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latvian	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	225	110	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Argentinian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Abenaki	70	50	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	205	110	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
New Zealander	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	85	55	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Norman	95	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	30	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	54,285	27,760	26,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Christian	33,595	16,830	16,765	61.9	60.6	63.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,685	1,335	1,350	4.9	4.8	5.1
Anabaptist	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Anglican	855	430	425	1.6	1.5	1.6
Baptist	225	95	130	0.4	0.3	0.5
Catholic	27,510	13,850	13,660	50.7	49.9	51.5
Christian Orthodox	190	90	105	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	180	75	100	0.3	0.3	0.4
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	120	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Presbyterian	80	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	805	410	400	1.5	1.5	1.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	715	345	380	1.3	1.2	1.4
Hindu	65	15	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jewish	200	95	105	0.4	0.3	0.4
Muslim	245	120	125	0.5	0.4	0.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	300	105	190	0.6	0.4	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	19,800	10,540	9,255	36.5	38.0	34.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	53,630	27,400	26,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	47,560	24,455	23,105	88.7	89.3	88.1
Movers	6,065	2,945	3,120	11.3	10.7	11.9
Non-migrants	2,010	965	1,045	3.7	3.5	4.0
Migrants	4,050	1,980	2,075	7.6	7.2	7.9
Internal migrants	3,970	1,935	2,035	7.4	7.1	7.8
Intraprovincial migrants	2,870	1,450	1,430	5.4	5.3	5.5
Interprovincial migrants	1,095	490	605	2.0	1.8	2.3
External migrants	85	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	51,165	26,080	25,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	32,790	17,080	15,720	64.1	65.5	62.7
Movers	18,375	9,000	9,370	35.9	34.5	37.3
Non-migrants	3,040	1,550	1,490	5.9	5.9	5.9
Migrants	15,335	7,450	7,885	30.0	28.6	31.4
Internal migrants	14,960	7,260	7,695	29.2	27.8	30.7
Intraprovincial migrants	11,880	5,810	6,070	23.2	22.3	24.2
Interprovincial migrants	3,080	1,450	1,625	6.0	5.6	6.5
External migrants	375	190	185	0.7	0.7	0.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	43,740	22,355	21,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,995	5,610	3,380	20.6	25.1	15.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	34,750	16,745	18,000	79.4	74.9	84.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	30,785	15,615	15,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,580	3,200	1,385	14.9	20.5	9.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	26,205	12,415	13,790	85.1	79.5	90.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	43,740	22,355	21,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,775	4,725	3,060	17.8	21.1	14.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,365	4,645	4,720	21.4	20.8	22.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,595	12,995	13,605	60.8	58.1	63.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,625	8,225	7,395	35.7	36.8	34.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,240	3,990	2,250	14.3	17.8	10.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,985	2,100	1,885	9.1	9.4	8.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,255	1,885	365	5.2	8.4	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,365	3,840	4,525	19.1	17.2	21.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,020	400	620	2.3	1.8	2.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,975	4,770	6,210	25.1	21.3	29.0
Bachelor's degree	6,805	2,790	4,015	15.6	12.5	18.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	690	310	380	1.6	1.4	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	225	105	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
Master's degree	2,785	1,310	1,475	6.4	5.9	6.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	465	250	215	1.1	1.1	1.0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	30,785	15,610	15,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,715	2,565	1,145	12.1	16.4	7.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,710	2,930	2,780	18.5	18.8	18.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,365	10,115	11,245	69.4	64.8	74.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,275	6,410	5,865	39.9	41.1	38.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,080	3,205	1,870	16.5	20.5	12.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,265	1,695	1,570	10.6	10.9	10.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,810	1,510	300	5.9	9.7	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,435	2,910	3,520	20.9	18.6	23.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	765	290	475	2.5	1.9	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,085	3,705	5,380	29.5	23.7	35.5
Bachelor's degree	5,650	2,215	3,435	18.4	14.2	22.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	545	210	340	1.8	1.3	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	180	75	105	0.6	0.5	0.7
Master's degree	2,365	1,045	1,315	7.7	6.7	8.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	345	160	190	1.1	1.0	1.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	43,740	22,360	21,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,140	9,360	7,780	39.2	41.9	36.4
Education	1,780	455	1,320	4.1	2.0	6.2
13. Education	1,780	455	1,320	4.1	2.0	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	950	400	545	2.2	1.8	2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	145	90	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	805	310	495	1.8	1.4	2.3
Humanities	1,450	550	900	3.3	2.5	4.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	245	40	200	0.6	0.2	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	130	55	80	0.3	0.2	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	570	185	375	1.3	0.8	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	55	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	190	125	65	0.4	0.6	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	135	35	95	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,560	1,305	2,255	8.1	5.8	10.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	470	160	310	1.1	0.7	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	380	35	345	0.9	0.2	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	565	195	365	1.3	0.9	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	40	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	520	145	375	1.2	0.6	1.8
45. Social sciences	1,465	710	755	3.3	3.2	3.5
Business, management and public administration	5,690	1,930	3,760	13.0	8.6	17.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	585	165	420	1.3	0.7	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,100	1,760	3,340	11.7	7.9	15.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,030	595	435	2.4	2.7	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	380	160	225	0.9	0.7	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	235	145	85	0.5	0.6	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	125	80	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
40. Physical sciences	255	190	65	0.6	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,135	745	390	2.6	3.3	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	910	670	240	2.1	3.0	1.1
25. Library science	120	10	105	0.3	0.0	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	85	55	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,520	5,085	440	12.6	22.7	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	260	155	105	0.6	0.7	0.5
14. Engineering	810	675	135	1.9	3.0	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	895	810	85	2.0	3.6	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,825	1,770	55	4.2	7.9	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,175	1,135	45	2.7	5.1	0.2
48. Precision production	550	535	25	1.3	2.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	750	425	330	1.7	1.9	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	405	190	215	0.9	0.8	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	345	230	120	0.8	1.0	0.6
Health and related fields	2,925	485	2,445	6.7	2.2	11.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	205	90	110	0.5	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,645	350	2,290	6.0	1.6	10.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,800	1,035	765	4.1	4.6	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	745	180	565	1.7	0.8	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	735	560	175	1.7	2.5	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	305	280	30	0.7	1.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	30,785	15,615	15,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,420	5,495	3,925	30.6	35.2	25.9
Education	1,310	265	1,045	4.3	1.7	6.9
13. Education	1,310	265	1,045	4.3	1.7	6.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	715	290	430	2.3	1.9	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	85	55	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	630	235	400	2.0	1.5	2.6
Humanities	995	360	635	3.2	2.3	4.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	175	35	135	0.6	0.2	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	95	35	55	0.3	0.2	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	330	90	240	1.1	0.6	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	40	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	155	95	60	0.5	0.6	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	105	30	80	0.3	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,875	980	1,895	9.3	6.3	12.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	410	125	290	1.3	0.8	1.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	330	35	295	1.1	0.2	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	460	145	320	1.5	0.9	2.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	400	100	305	1.3	0.6	2.0
45. Social sciences	1,160	535	620	3.8	3.4	4.1
Business, management and public administration	4,800	1,595	3,200	15.6	10.2	21.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	465	120	345	1.5	0.8	2.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,330	1,465	2,855	14.1	9.4	18.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	655	355	300	2.1	2.3	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	325	125	200	1.1	0.8	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	110	70	35	0.4	0.4	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	185	140	45	0.6	0.9	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	920	600	315	3.0	3.8	2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	770	560	210	2.5	3.6	1.4
25. Library science	75	10	70	0.2	0.1	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,480	4,075	405	14.6	26.1	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	210	120	90	0.7	0.8	0.6
14. Engineering	685	555	135	2.2	3.6	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	710	640	75	2.3	4.1	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,505	1,460	45	4.9	9.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	940	900	40	3.1	5.8	0.3
48. Precision production	430	405	25	1.4	2.6	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	620	340	280	2.0	2.2	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	315	140	175	1.0	0.9	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	310	205	100	1.0	1.3	0.7
Health and related fields	2,480	380	2,105	8.1	2.4	13.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	160	65	90	0.5	0.4	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,255	285	1,970	7.3	1.8	13.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,500	875	625	4.9	5.6	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	580	145	440	1.9	0.9	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	665	505	160	2.2	3.2	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	245	225	20	0.8	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	30,785	15,615	15,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,420	5,495	3,925	30.6	35.2	25.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	21,360	10,110	11,250	69.4	64.7	74.1
Location of study inside Canada	20,515	9,715	10,795	66.6	62.2	71.1
Same as province or territory of residence	12,810	6,095	6,710	41.6	39.0	44.2
Different than province or territory of residence	7,705	3,620	4,085	25.0	23.2	26.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	850	395	450	2.8	2.5	3.0
Americas	195	100	90	0.6	0.6	0.6
United States of America	140	85	55	0.5	0.5	0.4
Mexico	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Europe	505	225	280	1.6	1.4	1.8
Belgium	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
France	195	95	105	0.6	0.6	0.7
Germany	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	125	60	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	55	20	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Africa	50	35	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	75	25	60	0.2	0.2	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oceania	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	43,740	22,355	21,385	...	...	...
In the labour force	30,260	15,925	14,335	...	...	...
Employed	28,450	14,990	13,465	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,805	935	870	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	13,480	6,435	7,050	...	...	...
Participation rate	69.2	71.2	67.0	69.2	71.2	67.0
Employment rate	65.0	67.1	63.0	65.0	67.1	63.0
Unemployment rate	6.0	5.9	6.1	6.0	5.9	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	43,740	22,360	21,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	12,790	6,125	6,665	29.2	27.4	31.2
Worked	30,945	16,230	14,715	70.7	72.6	68.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	18,520	9,820	8,700	42.3	43.9	40.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	12,430	6,410	6,015	28.4	28.7	28.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.0	43.3	42.7	43.0	43.3	42.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	30,255	15,920	14,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	325	165	165	1.1	1.0	1.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	29,930	15,765	14,165	98.9	99.0	98.8
Employee	25,060	12,560	12,500	82.8	78.9	87.2
Permanent position	21,160	10,725	10,435	69.9	67.4	72.8
Temporary position	3,895	1,830	2,065	12.9	11.5	14.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,320	585	735	4.4	3.7	5.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,575	1,250	1,330	8.5	7.9	9.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,875	3,205	1,670	16.1	20.1	11.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	30,255	15,920	14,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	325	165	165	1.1	1.0	1.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	29,930	15,765	14,165	98.9	99.0	98.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	745	500	245	2.5	3.1	1.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,160	1,620	4,535	20.4	10.2	31.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,405	1,770	630	7.9	11.1	4.4
3 Health occupations	1,905	395	1,515	6.3	2.5	10.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,225	1,860	3,365	17.3	11.7	23.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	930	420	510	3.1	2.6	3.6
6 Sales and service occupations	5,015	2,370	2,645	16.6	14.9	18.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,300	5,850	450	20.8	36.7	3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	745	565	175	2.5	3.5	1.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	505	420	90	1.7	2.6	0.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	30,255	15,920	14,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	325	165	165	1.1	1.0	1.2
All industries¹⁹¹	29,930	15,765	14,165	98.9	99.0	98.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	460	265	190	1.5	1.7	1.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	115	95	25	0.4	0.6	0.2
22 Utilities	260	210	50	0.9	1.3	0.3
23 Construction	4,170	3,745	430	13.8	23.5	3.0
31-33 Manufacturing	1,070	870	200	3.5	5.5	1.4
41 Wholesale trade	360	265	95	1.2	1.7	0.7
44-45 Retail trade	2,520	1,330	1,190	8.3	8.4	8.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	950	655	295	3.1	4.1	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	315	175	145	1.0	1.1	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	535	230	305	1.8	1.4	2.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	400	245	155	1.3	1.5	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,835	980	850	6.1	6.2	5.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,080	765	310	3.6	4.8	2.2
61 Educational services	2,265	595	1,665	7.5	3.7	11.6
62 Health care and social assistance	3,235	615	2,620	10.7	3.9	18.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	635	375	260	2.1	2.4	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	1,130	490	635	3.7	3.1	4.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,315	635	675	4.3	4.0	4.7
91 Public administration	7,280	3,205	4,070	24.1	20.1	28.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	32,400	17,035	15,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	6,865	3,925	2,945	21.2	23.0	19.2
French	12,110	6,410	5,705	37.4	37.6	37.1
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	13,250	6,620	6,630	40.9	38.9	43.1
English and non-official language(s)	50	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	110	35	75	0.3	0.2	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	32,400	17,035	15,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	30,160	15,990	14,165	93.1	93.9	92.1
Official languages	30,155	15,990	14,165	93.1	93.9	92.1
English	12,240	6,710	5,530	37.8	39.4	36.0
French	17,910	9,280	8,630	55.3	54.5	56.1
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,245	1,040	1,205	6.9	6.1	7.8
English and French	2,230	1,030	1,205	6.9	6.0	7.8
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	32,400	17,035	15,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	21,195	11,355	9,835	65.4	66.7	64.0
English	5,755	2,865	2,890	17.8	16.8	18.8
French	5,290	2,740	2,555	16.3	16.1	16.6
Non-official language	75	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	28,455	14,990	13,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,100	4,005	5,095	32.0	26.7	37.8
Worked outside Canada	80	55	15	0.3	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,245	3,620	620	14.9	24.1	4.6
Usual place of work	15,035	7,305	7,730	52.8	48.7	57.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	15,030	7,300	7,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,010	1,335	1,680	20.0	18.3	21.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	735	320	420	4.9	4.4	5.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,985	3,855	4,130	53.1	52.8	53.4
Commute to a different province or territory	3,295	1,790	1,505	21.9	24.5	19.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	19,280	10,920	8,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	17,965	10,425	7,550	93.2	95.5	90.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	16,815	9,905	6,915	87.2	90.7	82.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,155	520	635	6.0	4.8	7.6
Public transit	390	110	280	2.0	1.0	3.4
Walked	405	175	230	2.1	1.6	2.8
Bicycle	75	30	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
Other method	440	190	245	2.3	1.7	2.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	19,280	10,920	8,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	3,375	1,635	1,740	17.5	15.0	20.8
15 to 29 minutes	6,315	3,290	3,025	32.8	30.1	36.2
30 to 44 minutes	5,590	3,320	2,270	29.0	30.4	27.2
45 to 59 minutes	2,260	1,450	810	11.7	13.3	9.7
60 minutes and over	1,730	1,230	500	9.0	11.3	6.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	19,280	10,920	8,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,195	1,880	315	11.4	17.2	3.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,945	3,290	1,655	25.6	30.1	19.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,500	2,700	2,800	28.5	24.7	33.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,200	1,390	1,810	16.6	12.7	21.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,630	695	935	8.5	6.4	11.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,805	970	835	9.4	8.9	10.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	12,705	6,510	6,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,150	2,105	2,045	32.7	32.3	33.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,555	4,405	4,155	67.3	67.7	67.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	9,330	4,735	4,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,165	1,590	1,575	33.9	33.6	34.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,135	1,070	1,060	22.9	22.6	23.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,035	520	515	11.1	11.0	11.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,165	3,150	3,010	66.1	66.5	65.6

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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