Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Les Appalaches, Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	43,412	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	42,346	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	23,036	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	20,221	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	22.7	...	...	22.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,911.83	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	43,410	21,655	21,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	6,140	3,180	2,955	14.1	14.7	13.6
0 to 4 years	1,830	930	895	4.2	4.3	4.1
5 to 9 years	2,090	1,085	1,005	4.8	5.0	4.6
10 to 14 years	2,220	1,170	1,055	5.1	5.4	4.8
15 to 64 years	23,790	12,195	11,590	54.8	56.3	53.3
15 to 19 years	1,840	960	875	4.2	4.4	4.0
20 to 24 years	1,700	865	830	3.9	4.0	3.8
25 to 29 years	1,930	1,015	915	4.4	4.7	4.2
30 to 34 years	1,995	1,040	960	4.6	4.8	4.4
35 to 39 years	2,190	1,160	1,030	5.0	5.4	4.7
40 to 44 years	2,505	1,315	1,195	5.8	6.1	5.5
45 to 49 years	2,145	1,120	1,030	4.9	5.2	4.7
50 to 54 years	2,315	1,180	1,135	5.3	5.4	5.2
55 to 59 years	3,290	1,620	1,665	7.6	7.5	7.7
60 to 64 years	3,880	1,915	1,960	8.9	8.8	9.0
65 years and over	13,485	6,275	7,210	31.1	29.0	33.1
65 to 69 years	3,870	1,965	1,905	8.9	9.1	8.8
70 to 74 years	3,470	1,755	1,715	8.0	8.1	7.9
75 to 79 years	2,515	1,190	1,330	5.8	5.5	6.1
80 to 84 years	1,660	700	955	3.8	3.2	4.4
85 years and over	1,970	660	1,310	4.5	3.0	6.0
85 to 89 years	1,165	470	700	2.7	2.2	3.2
90 to 94 years	655	145	510	1.5	0.7	2.3
95 to 99 years	130	45	90	0.3	0.2	0.4
100 years and over	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.1	14.7	13.6	14.1	14.7	13.6
15 to 64 years	54.8	56.3	53.3	54.8	56.3	53.3
65 years and over	31.1	29.0	33.1	31.1	29.0	33.1
85 years and over	4.5	3.0	6.0	4.5	3.0	6.0
Average age of the population	48.4	47.1	49.7	48.4	47.1	49.7
Median age of the population	52.8	50.8	54.8	52.8	50.8	54.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	20,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	14,600	...	...	72.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	335	...	...	1.7	...	...
Row house	90	...	...	0.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,660	...	...	8.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,220	...	...	15.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	100	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	205	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	20,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	7,665	...	...	37.9	...	...
2 persons	7,940	...	...	39.3	...	...
3 persons	1,945	...	...	9.6	...	...
4 persons	1,735	...	...	8.6	...	...
5 or more persons	935	...	...	4.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	41,375	20,965	20,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	37,275	18,475	18,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	21,780	10,920	10,860	58.4	59.1	57.8
Married	12,625	6,330	6,295	33.9	34.3	33.5
Living common-law	9,155	4,595	4,565	24.6	24.9	24.3
Living common law - Never married	7,225	3,635	3,595	19.4	19.7	19.1
Living common law - Separated	65	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	1,620	840	785	4.3	4.5	4.2
Living common law - Widowed	250	100	145	0.7	0.5	0.8
Not married and not living common-law	15,495	7,555	7,945	41.6	40.9	42.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	9,550	5,455	4,095	25.6	29.5	21.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	375	195	175	1.0	1.1	0.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,705	1,275	1,435	7.3	6.9	7.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,860	625	2,240	7.7	3.4	11.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	12,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	7,785	...	...	63.9	...	...
3 persons	1,850	...	...	15.2	...	...
4 persons	1,680	...	...	13.8	...	...
5 or more persons	865	...	...	7.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	12,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	10,595	...	...	87.0	...	...
Married couples	6,015	...	...	49.4	...	...
With children⁶	1,425	...	...	11.7	...	...
Without children	4,595	...	...	37.7	...	...
Common-law couples	4,575	...	...	37.6	...	...
With children⁶	2,340	...	...	19.2	...	...
Without children	2,240	...	...	18.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,585	...	...	13.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,105	...	...	9.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	475	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	41,370	20,965	20,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	32,425	16,320	16,105	78.4	77.8	78.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	21,190	10,605	10,580	51.2	50.6	51.8
Parents in one-parent families	1,580	480	1,105	3.8	2.3	5.4
Children⁶	9,655	5,230	4,420	23.3	24.9	21.7
In a two-parent family	7,240	3,875	3,365	17.5	18.5	16.5
In a one-parent family	2,415	1,360	1,060	5.8	6.5	5.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	8,945	4,640	4,305	21.6	22.1	21.1
Living alone	7,670	3,925	3,740	18.5	18.7	18.3
Living with other relatives⁷	540	260	280	1.3	1.2	1.4
Living with non-relatives only	740	460	285	1.8	2.2	1.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	20,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	11,840	...	...	58.6	...	...
Couple-family households	10,395	...	...	51.4	...	...
With children⁶	3,675	...	...	18.2	...	...
Without children	6,715	...	...	33.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,450	...	...	7.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	85	...	...	0.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	195	...	...	1.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	425	...	...	2.1	...	...
One-person households	7,670	...	...	37.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	35,245	17,785	17,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,880	17,630	17,250	99.0	99.1	98.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	40,000	31,800	35,600	40,000	31,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,885	17,630	17,250	99.0	99.1	98.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	35,600	29,200	32,400	35,600	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,790	16,015	14,775	87.4	90.0	84.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,200	32,400	22,600	27,200	32,400	22,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,755	12,420	10,335	64.6	69.8	59.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,600	34,400	26,800	30,600	34,400	26,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,755	15,235	15,520	87.3	85.7	88.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,200	12,300	13,600	13,200	12,300	13,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,745	2,740	2,005	13.5	15.4	11.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,280	5,080	5,440	5,280	5,080	5,440
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,160	5,105	4,050	26.0	28.7	23.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,480	7,000	6,000	5,480	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	35,235	17,780	17,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,805	17,600	17,210	98.8	99.0	98.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,200	46,520	37,760	42,200	46,520	37,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,810	17,600	17,215	98.8	99.0	98.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,120	39,040	33,160	36,120	39,040	33,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,670	15,950	14,720	87.0	89.7	84.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,600	39,320	29,480	34,600	39,320	29,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,755	12,410	10,345	64.6	69.8	59.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,120	39,160	32,480	36,120	39,160	32,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,670	15,150	15,525	87.0	85.2	88.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,280	12,630	13,900	13,280	12,630	13,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,785	2,780	2,000	13.6	15.6	11.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,145	5,750	6,690	6,145	5,750	6,690
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,915	5,005	3,910	25.3	28.1	22.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,140	6,670	7,740	7,140	6,670	7,740
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	35,235	17,775	17,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,115	5,720	4,390	28.7	32.2	25.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,800	51,600	45,600	48,800	51,600	45,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,300	56,600	51,350	54,300	56,600	51,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,650	4,855	4,790	27.4	27.3	27.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	23,800	15,300	18,800	23,800	15,300
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,220	29,680	20,700	25,220	29,680	20,700
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	72.2	76.6	66.8	72.2	76.6	66.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	56.0	59.4	51.7	56.0	59.4	51.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	27.8	23.4	33.2	27.8	23.4	33.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.9	6.0	5.4	4.9	6.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	4.1	4.7	4.3	4.1	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	35,240	17,780	17,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	360	155	210	1.0	0.9	1.2
With total income	34,880	17,630	17,250	99.0	99.2	98.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,975	855	1,120	5.7	4.8	6.5
$10,000 to $19,999	5,195	1,915	3,280	14.9	10.9	19.0
$20,000 to $29,999	7,230	3,495	3,735	20.7	19.8	21.7
$30,000 to $39,999	5,185	2,535	2,645	14.9	14.4	15.3
$40,000 to $49,999	4,825	2,585	2,245	13.8	14.7	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	3,855	2,185	1,670	11.1	12.4	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	2,285	1,415	875	6.6	8.0	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	1,380	870	510	4.0	4.9	3.0
$80,000 to $89,999	990	555	430	2.8	3.1	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	615	330	290	1.8	1.9	1.7
$100,000 and over	1,340	895	445	3.8	5.1	2.6
$100,000 to $149,999	960	620	340	2.8	3.5	2.0
$150,000 and over	380	270	105	1.1	1.5	0.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	35,240	17,780	17,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	360	155	205	1.0	0.9	1.2
With after-tax income	34,880	17,630	17,255	99.0	99.2	98.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,125	895	1,225	6.1	5.1	7.1
$10,000 to $19,999	5,490	2,055	3,435	15.7	11.7	19.9
$20,000 to $29,999	8,270	4,010	4,260	23.7	22.7	24.7
$30,000 to $39,999	6,485	3,380	3,105	18.6	19.2	18.0
$40,000 to $49,999	5,545	3,165	2,380	15.9	18.0	13.8
$50,000 to $59,999	3,130	1,900	1,225	9.0	10.8	7.1
$60,000 to $69,999	1,665	940	725	4.8	5.3	4.2
$70,000 to $79,999	915	470	445	2.6	2.7	2.6
$80,000 to $89,999	485	265	220	1.4	1.5	1.3
$90,000 to $99,999	260	180	80	0.7	1.0	0.5
$100,000 and over	515	370	145	1.5	2.1	0.8
$100,000 to $124,999	285	205	75	0.8	1.2	0.4
$125,000 and over	230	165	70	0.7	0.9	0.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	35,240	17,780	17,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	12,485	5,365	7,125	35.4	30.2	40.8
With employment income	22,755	12,420	10,335	64.6	69.9	59.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,405	1,885	1,520	15.0	15.2	14.7
$5,000 to $9,999	2,015	945	1,075	8.9	7.6	10.4
$10,000 to $19,999	3,080	1,400	1,680	13.5	11.3	16.3
$20,000 to $29,999	2,685	1,330	1,355	11.8	10.7	13.1
$30,000 to $39,999	2,835	1,500	1,335	12.5	12.1	12.9
$40,000 to $49,999	2,665	1,555	1,110	11.7	12.5	10.7
$50,000 to $59,999	2,020	1,270	750	8.9	10.2	7.3
$60,000 to $69,999	1,225	815	415	5.4	6.6	4.0
$70,000 to $79,999	830	510	315	3.6	4.1	3.0
$80,000 to $89,999	740	390	355	3.3	3.1	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	390	230	160	1.7	1.9	1.5
$100,000 and over	860	590	270	3.8	4.8	2.6
$100,000 to $124,999	425	285	140	1.9	2.3	1.4
$125,000 and over	430	310	125	1.9	2.5	1.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	35,245	17,785	17,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	34,615	17,480	17,135	98.2	98.3	98.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	38,000	28,800	33,200	38,000	28,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	34,630	17,485	17,145	98.3	98.3	98.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	34,000	26,600	30,200	34,000	26,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,525	15,845	14,680	86.6	89.1	84.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,400	34,000	24,000	28,400	34,000	24,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,250	12,585	10,665	66.0	70.8	61.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	35,600	27,000	31,200	35,600	27,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	28,215	13,695	14,520	80.1	77.0	83.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,500	9,400	11,200	10,500	9,400	11,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,490	2,565	1,930	12.7	14.4	11.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,280	4,400	4,120	4,280	4,400	4,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	35,235	17,780	17,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	34,595	17,500	17,095	98.2	98.4	97.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,640	44,240	34,960	39,640	44,240	34,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	34,600	17,500	17,100	98.2	98.4	97.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,840	37,040	30,600	33,840	37,040	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,515	15,845	14,670	86.6	89.1	84.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	39,960	29,240	34,800	39,960	29,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,235	12,555	10,680	65.9	70.6	61.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,840	39,600	31,440	35,840	39,600	31,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,110	13,590	14,515	79.8	76.4	83.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,010	10,390	11,590	11,010	10,390	11,590
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,465	2,615	1,845	12.7	14.7	10.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,755	5,325	6,370	5,755	5,325	6,370
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	35,235	17,775	17,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,095	5,690	4,405	28.7	32.0	25.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	46,400	50,400	42,000	46,400	50,400	42,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	51,550	55,000	47,080	51,550	55,000	47,080
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,365	4,710	4,655	26.6	26.5	26.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	26,400	19,400	22,400	26,400	19,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,400	33,240	23,520	28,400	33,240	23,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	77.4	81.8	71.8	77.4	81.8	71.8
Employment income (%)	60.7	64.2	56.2	60.7	64.2	56.2
Government transfers (%)	22.6	18.2	28.2	22.6	18.2	28.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.8	2.0	1.9	1.8	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	20,220	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	52,400	...	...	52,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,670	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	...	...	32,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,200	...	...	30,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	12,555	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	20,220	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,600	...	...	72,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,200	...	...	62,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,670	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,480	...	...	39,480	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,240	...	...	34,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	12,550	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,900	...	...	92,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,300	...	...	79,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	20,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	120	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	90	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	345	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	515	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,780	...	...	8.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	950	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,005	...	...	5.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,315	...	...	6.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,210	...	...	6.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,070	...	...	5.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,935	...	...	9.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,595	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,385	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,300	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,090	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,505	...	...	22.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,870	...	...	9.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,150	...	...	5.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	935	...	...	4.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	550	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	20,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	145	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	95	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	355	...	...	1.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	555	...	...	2.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,860	...	...	9.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,175	...	...	5.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,245	...	...	6.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,555	...	...	7.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,380	...	...	6.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,220	...	...	6.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,045	...	...	10.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,780	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,560	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,330	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	970	...	...	4.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,955	...	...	14.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,545	...	...	7.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	720	...	...	3.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	690	...	...	3.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	12,280	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,740	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,765	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,565	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...	57,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	8,405	4,385	4,025	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	36,400	28,800	32,800	36,400	28,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,000	32,800	27,400	30,000	32,800	27,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	12,285	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,300	...	...	79,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,765	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,700	...	...	78,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,745	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,900	...	...	108,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,575	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,900	...	...	68,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,250	...	...	61,250	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	8,410	4,440	3,970	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,640	40,960	36,080	38,640	40,960	36,080
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	34,880	32,200	33,600	34,880	32,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	41,375	20,960	20,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,275	3,775	3,500	17.6	18.0	17.1
0 to 5 years	2,235	1,135	1,100	5.4	5.4	5.4
18 to 64 years	22,480	11,510	10,970	54.3	54.9	53.7
65 years and over	11,625	5,680	5,945	28.1	27.1	29.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,260	2,935	3,320	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	680	350	325	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	245	125	120	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,515	1,280	1,230	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,070	1,305	1,760	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.1	14.0	16.3	15.1	14.0	16.3
0 to 17 years (%)	9.3	9.3	9.4	9.3	9.3	9.4
0 to 5 years (%)	10.9	10.8	11.0	10.9	10.8	11.0
18 to 64 years (%)	11.2	11.1	11.2	11.2	11.1	11.2
65 years and over (%)	26.4	23.0	29.6	26.4	23.0	29.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	41,370	20,965	20,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,270	3,770	3,495	17.6	18.0	17.1
0 to 5 years	2,235	1,140	1,095	5.4	5.4	5.4
18 to 64 years	22,475	11,505	10,970	54.3	54.9	53.7
65 years and over	11,625	5,685	5,940	28.1	27.1	29.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,085	590	495	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	85	50	35	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	20	15	10	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	850	480	370	...	...	...
65 years and over	140	55	85	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.6	2.8	2.4	2.6	2.8	2.4
0 to 17 years (%)	1.2	1.3	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.1
0 to 5 years (%)	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.9
18 to 64 years (%)	3.8	4.2	3.4	3.8	4.2	3.4
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	41,375	20,965	20,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	27,865	13,965	13,895	67.3	66.6	68.1
In bottom decile	4,720	2,230	2,495	11.4	10.6	12.2
In second decile	6,425	3,110	3,320	15.5	14.8	16.3
In third decile	5,755	2,935	2,815	13.9	14.0	13.8
In fourth decile	5,740	2,975	2,765	13.9	14.2	13.5
In fifth decile	5,225	2,715	2,505	12.6	13.0	12.3
In top half of the distribution	13,510	6,990	6,515	32.7	33.3	31.9
In sixth decile	4,305	2,205	2,100	10.4	10.5	10.3
In seventh decile	3,620	1,880	1,740	8.7	9.0	8.5
In eighth decile	2,615	1,350	1,265	6.3	6.4	6.2
In ninth decile	1,870	985	890	4.5	4.7	4.4
In top decile	1,095	575	520	2.6	2.7	2.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	41,370	...	...	41,370	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.292	...	...	0.292	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.459	...	...	0.459	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.250	...	...	0.250	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	42,840	21,430	21,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	125	80	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
French only	32,890	15,955	16,930	76.8	74.5	79.1
English and French	9,760	5,345	4,420	22.8	24.9	20.6
Neither English nor French	70	50	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	42,840	21,430	21,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	560	300	260	1.3	1.4	1.2
French	42,070	21,005	21,065	98.2	98.0	98.4
English and French	155	85	70	0.4	0.4	0.3
Neither English nor French	60	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	42,840	21,430	21,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	42,445	21,225	21,220	99.1	99.0	99.1
Official languages	41,850	20,880	20,965	97.7	97.4	97.9
English	475	245	235	1.1	1.1	1.1
French	41,370	20,635	20,735	96.6	96.3	96.8
Non-official languages	595	340	250	1.4	1.6	1.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	595	340	250	1.4	1.6	1.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	135	90	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	125	90	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	125	90	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	30	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	315	160	150	0.7	0.7	0.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	265	140	125	0.6	0.7	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	235	125	110	0.5	0.6	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	20	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	400	205	190	0.9	1.0	0.9
English and French	285	140	145	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	80	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	42,840	21,430	21,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	260	135	120	0.6	0.6	0.6
French	40,815	20,335	20,475	95.3	94.9	95.6
Non-official language	185	120	70	0.4	0.6	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	180	115	70	0.4	0.5	0.3
English and French	1,055	535	520	2.5	2.5	2.4
English and non-official language(s)	35	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	385	225	165	0.9	1.0	0.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	110	55	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	42,840	21,430	21,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	42,450	21,225	21,225	99.1	99.0	99.1
Official languages	42,105	21,010	21,095	98.3	98.0	98.5
English	395	200	195	0.9	0.9	0.9
French	41,710	20,815	20,900	97.4	97.1	97.6
Non-official languages	345	215	130	0.8	1.0	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	345	215	130	0.8	1.0	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	50	40	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	50	40	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25	25	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	25	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	195	110	80	0.5	0.5	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	175	105	75	0.4	0.5	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	165	95	70	0.4	0.4	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	390	205	185	0.9	1.0	0.9
English and French	230	110	120	0.5	0.5	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	145	80	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	42,840	21,430	21,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	41,625	20,785	20,845	97.2	97.0	97.3
English	750	400	355	1.8	1.9	1.7
French	250	135	115	0.6	0.6	0.5
Non-official language	130	75	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	130	75	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	41,370	20,960	20,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	41,290	20,910	20,380	99.8	99.8	99.9
English	9,730	5,355	4,375	23.5	25.5	21.4
French	41,170	20,825	20,340	99.5	99.4	99.7
Non-official languages	1,515	820	700	3.7	3.9	3.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,515	815	700	3.7	3.9	3.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	205	145	60	0.5	0.7	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	195	140	50	0.5	0.7	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	195	140	50	0.5	0.7	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	55	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	50	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Haitian Creole	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,035	510	520	2.5	2.4	2.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	65	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	65	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
German	65	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	945	475	470	2.3	2.3	2.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	60	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	875	435	440	2.1	2.1	2.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	41,370	20,960	20,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	530	305	225	1.3	1.5	1.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	495	285	210	1.2	1.4	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	355	185	175	0.9	0.9	0.9
Métis	135	100	35	0.3	0.5	0.2
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	40,845	20,660	20,185	98.7	98.6	98.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	41,370	20,960	20,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	60	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	41,310	20,930	20,380	99.9	99.9	99.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	20,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	14,635	...	...	72.4	...	...
Renter	5,585	...	...	27.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	20,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,180	...	...	5.8	...	...
Not condominium	19,045	...	...	94.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	20,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	35	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	2,200	...	...	10.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,850	...	...	28.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	7,680	...	...	38.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,455	...	...	22.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	20,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,980	...	...	24.6	...	...
5 rooms	4,215	...	...	20.8	...	...
6 rooms	3,215	...	...	15.9	...	...
7 rooms	2,675	...	...	13.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,130	...	...	25.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	20,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	20,190	...	...	99.9	...	...
More than one person per room	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	20,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	20,045	...	...	99.1	...	...
Not suitable	175	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	20,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,460	...	...	36.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	7,080	...	...	35.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,780	...	...	8.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,370	...	...	6.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	515	...	...	2.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	740	...	...	3.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	735	...	...	3.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	530	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	20,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	19,145	...	...	94.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,075	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	20,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	12,305	...	...	60.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	7,675	...	...	38.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	245	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	20,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	485	...	...	2.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,135	...	...	10.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,750	...	...	13.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,815	...	...	13.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,220	...	...	20.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,605	...	...	22.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,390	...	...	11.8	...	...
85 years and over	825	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	19,890	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	17,815	...	...	89.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,075	...	...	10.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,935	...	...	9.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	20,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,165	...	...	15.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,920	...	...	9.5	...	...
Not suitable only	165	...	...	0.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	910	...	...	4.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	155	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	17,060	...	...	84.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	19,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	420	...	...	2.1	...	...
Not in core need	19,335	...	...	97.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,360	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	49.5	...	...	49.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.4	...	...	7.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.2	...	...	1.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	632	...	...	632	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	778	...	...	778	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	150,000	...	...	150,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	181,800	...	...	181,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,560	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.6	...	...	8.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.2	...	...	18.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	512	...	...	512	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	574	...	...	574	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	41,375	20,965	20,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	755	410	340	1.8	2.0	1.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	755	410	340	1.8	2.0	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	635	335	300	1.5	1.6	1.5
Métis single ancestry	115	70	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	700	330	365	1.7	1.6	1.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	700	330	365	1.7	1.6	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	640	295	345	1.5	1.4	1.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	39,925	20,225	19,700	96.5	96.5	96.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	41,375	20,965	20,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	40,600	20,490	20,105	98.1	97.7	98.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	7,080	3,695	3,390	17.1	17.6	16.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	33,515	16,800	16,720	81.0	80.1	81.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	775	470	300	1.9	2.2	1.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	41,375	20,965	20,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	40,160	20,260	19,905	97.1	96.6	97.5
Immigrants⁸¹	660	320	335	1.6	1.5	1.6
Before 1980	150	60	90	0.4	0.3	0.4
1980 to 1990	105	55	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
1991 to 2000	65	30	30	0.2	0.1	0.1
2001 to 2010	130	85	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	215	85	135	0.5	0.4	0.7
2011 to 2015	85	30	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
2016 to 2021	130	50	75	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	555	380	170	1.3	1.8	0.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	660	320	340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	70	40	35	10.6	12.5	10.3
5 to 14 years	135	60	75	20.5	18.8	22.1
15 to 24 years	125	60	60	18.9	18.8	17.6
25 to 44 years	305	155	150	46.2	48.4	44.1
45 years and over	30	15	15	4.5	4.7	4.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	660	320	340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	205	85	120	31.1	26.6	35.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	35	15	15	5.3	4.7	4.4
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	35	15	15	5.3	4.7	4.4
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	0	15	2.3	0.0	4.4
Peru	10	0	10	1.5	0.0	2.9
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	75	35	40	11.4	10.9	11.8
Other places of birth in Americas	35	15	25	5.3	4.7	7.4
Europe	255	135	115	38.6	42.2	33.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	130	85	45	19.7	26.6	13.2
Germany	15	10	10	2.3	3.1	2.9
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	10	1.5	0.0	2.9
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	10	0	0	1.5	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	10	0	1.5	3.1	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	1.5	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	10	1.5	0.0	2.9
Other places of birth in Europe	55	25	30	8.3	7.8	8.8
Africa	125	55	70	18.9	17.2	20.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	0	15	3.8	0.0	4.4
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	85	45	45	12.9	14.1	13.2
Asia	70	35	30	10.6	10.9	8.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	15	20	4.5	4.7	5.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	1.5	0.0	2.9
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	130	50	75	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	30	0	25	23.1	0.0	33.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	0	10	7.7	0.0	13.3
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	10	7.7	0.0	13.3
Europe	30	20	15	23.1	40.0	20.0
France	20	15	0	15.4	30.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	50	25	30	38.5	50.0	40.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	25	10	15	19.2	20.0	20.0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	10	15	19.2	20.0	20.0
Asia	15	10	10	11.5	20.0	13.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	41,370	20,960	20,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,355	765	590	3.3	3.6	2.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	885	420	465	2.1	2.0	2.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	39,135	19,780	19,355	94.6	94.4	94.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	510	260	250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	255	140	110	50.0	53.8	44.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	155	110	45	30.4	42.3	18.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	95	30	65	18.6	11.5	26.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	180	75	110	35.3	28.8	44.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	60	30	30	11.8	11.5	12.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	10	0	2.9	3.8	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	510	260	250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	0	10	2.9	0.0	4.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	80	45	35	15.7	17.3	14.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	20	0	15	3.9	0.0	6.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	50	30	20	9.8	11.5	8.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	0	2.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	340	175	170	66.7	67.3	68.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	41,370	20,960	20,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	905	535	365	2.2	2.6	1.8
South Asian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black	255	140	120	0.6	0.7	0.6
Filipino	70	55	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Arab	150	115	35	0.4	0.5	0.2
Latin American	235	130	110	0.6	0.6	0.5
Southeast Asian	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	40,470	20,430	20,045	97.8	97.5	98.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	41,375	20,960	20,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	18,130	8,940	9,190	43.8	42.7	45.0
English	285	140	135	0.7	0.7	0.7
Irish	1,230	580	650	3.0	2.8	3.2
Scottish	340	170	165	0.8	0.8	0.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,370	4,310	4,060	20.2	20.6	19.9
German	435	190	245	1.1	0.9	1.2
Chinese	65	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italian	330	170	160	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indian (India)	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dutch	40	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Polish	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Québécois	6,470	3,320	3,150	15.6	15.8	15.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Filipino	55	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
French Canadian	4,825	2,545	2,280	11.7	12.1	11.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	950	435	515	2.3	2.1	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	530	250	280	1.3	1.2	1.4
Métis	165	95	65	0.4	0.5	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	380	185	195	0.9	0.9	1.0
Russian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
American	200	120	85	0.5	0.6	0.4
Spanish	105	70	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	95	55	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	575	325	245	1.4	1.6	1.2
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	70	30	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	70	25	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Haitian	75	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	100	65	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	65	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Moroccan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	230	110	130	0.6	0.5	0.6
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	130	95	35	0.3	0.5	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	200	115	85	0.5	0.5	0.4
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	65	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	60	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	41,370	20,960	20,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Christian	33,495	16,595	16,900	81.0	79.2	82.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,365	1,205	1,160	5.7	5.7	5.7
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baptist	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catholic	30,585	15,125	15,455	73.9	72.2	75.7
Christian Orthodox	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	125	50	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	145	75	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	220	160	70	0.5	0.8	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	125	70	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	7,515	4,140	3,375	18.2	19.8	16.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	41,010	20,755	20,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	37,360	18,925	18,435	91.1	91.2	91.0
Movers	3,655	1,835	1,825	8.9	8.8	9.0
Non-migrants	1,990	1,015	970	4.9	4.9	4.8
Migrants	1,665	815	855	4.1	3.9	4.2
Internal migrants	1,510	740	770	3.7	3.6	3.8
Intraprovincial migrants	1,480	725	750	3.6	3.5	3.7
Interprovincial migrants	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	160	70	85	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	39,540	19,990	19,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	27,925	14,210	13,715	70.6	71.1	70.2
Movers	11,610	5,775	5,835	29.4	28.9	29.8
Non-migrants	4,685	2,315	2,370	11.8	11.6	12.1
Migrants	6,925	3,460	3,465	17.5	17.3	17.7
Internal migrants	6,355	3,100	3,255	16.1	15.5	16.6
Intraprovincial migrants	6,265	3,055	3,210	15.8	15.3	16.4
Interprovincial migrants	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	570	360	210	1.4	1.8	1.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	35,235	17,775	17,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,290	5,015	4,280	26.4	28.2	24.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	25,940	12,760	13,180	73.6	71.8	75.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,085	10,300	9,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,790	2,320	1,465	18.9	22.5	15.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	16,295	7,980	8,315	81.1	77.5	85.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	35,230	17,780	17,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,090	4,150	3,935	23.0	23.3	22.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,465	3,595	3,865	21.2	20.2	22.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,685	10,030	9,655	55.9	56.4	55.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,885	8,355	7,530	45.1	47.0	43.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,515	5,395	3,120	24.2	30.3	17.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,340	3,635	2,705	18.0	20.4	15.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,180	1,760	415	6.2	9.9	2.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,320	2,615	3,710	17.9	14.7	21.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,050	345	705	3.0	1.9	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,800	1,675	2,125	10.8	9.4	12.2
Bachelor's degree	2,725	1,160	1,565	7.7	6.5	9.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	340	135	205	1.0	0.8	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	145	65	80	0.4	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	535	280	255	1.5	1.6	1.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	50	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,085	10,300	9,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,960	1,735	1,225	14.7	16.8	12.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,485	1,825	1,660	17.4	17.7	17.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,635	6,735	6,900	67.9	65.4	70.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10,995	5,700	5,295	54.7	55.3	54.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,225	3,805	2,415	31.0	36.9	24.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,625	2,515	2,105	23.0	24.4	21.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,600	1,290	315	8.0	12.5	3.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,225	1,710	2,515	21.0	16.6	25.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	550	190	365	2.7	1.8	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,640	1,035	1,605	13.1	10.0	16.4
Bachelor's degree	1,875	720	1,150	9.3	7.0	11.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	250	85	165	1.2	0.8	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	100	30	70	0.5	0.3	0.7
Master's degree	375	175	200	1.9	1.7	2.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	35,235	17,775	17,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,545	7,745	7,800	44.1	43.6	44.7
Education	1,725	370	1,350	4.9	2.1	7.7
13. Education	1,725	370	1,350	4.9	2.1	7.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	360	165	190	1.0	0.9	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	65	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	285	100	185	0.8	0.6	1.1
Humanities	850	415	435	2.4	2.3	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	90	25	65	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	520	255	270	1.5	1.4	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
54. History	45	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	45	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,000	265	735	2.8	1.5	4.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	75	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	400	25	380	1.1	0.1	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	135	50	80	0.4	0.3	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	150	30	120	0.4	0.2	0.7
45. Social sciences	175	105	70	0.5	0.6	0.4
Business, management and public administration	3,635	1,090	2,545	10.3	6.1	14.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	255	40	215	0.7	0.2	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,380	1,050	2,330	9.6	5.9	13.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	345	155	185	1.0	0.9	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	120	30	85	0.3	0.2	0.5
40. Physical sciences	105	80	25	0.3	0.5	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	340	205	130	1.0	1.2	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	295	190	105	0.8	1.1	0.6
25. Library science	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,085	5,710	370	17.3	32.1	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	75	50	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	375	325	55	1.1	1.8	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,180	1,010	170	3.3	5.7	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,210	1,200	15	3.4	6.8	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,600	1,575	25	4.5	8.9	0.1
48. Precision production	1,640	1,565	80	4.7	8.8	0.5
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	630	385	245	1.8	2.2	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	515	280	235	1.5	1.6	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	115	105	10	0.3	0.6	0.1
Health and related fields	2,960	485	2,470	8.4	2.7	14.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	125	85	40	0.4	0.5	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,790	380	2,415	7.9	2.1	13.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,750	775	975	5.0	4.4	5.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,055	185	875	3.0	1.0	5.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	235	185	55	0.7	1.0	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	450	405	45	1.3	2.3	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	20,085	10,300	9,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,450	3,560	2,885	32.1	34.6	29.5
Education	990	165	830	4.9	1.6	8.5
13. Education	990	165	830	4.9	1.6	8.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	280	115	160	1.4	1.1	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	45	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	220	70	155	1.1	0.7	1.6
Humanities	385	180	210	1.9	1.7	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	10	45	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	235	105	125	1.2	1.0	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	710	155	555	3.5	1.5	5.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	60	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	330	15	315	1.6	0.1	3.2
22. Legal professions and studies	100	30	70	0.5	0.3	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	95	15	75	0.5	0.1	0.8
45. Social sciences	110	60	45	0.5	0.6	0.5
Business, management and public administration	2,575	690	1,885	12.8	6.7	19.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	200	20	180	1.0	0.2	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,370	665	1,700	11.8	6.5	17.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	195	105	90	1.0	1.0	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	65	25	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
40. Physical sciences	85	65	20	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	265	160	100	1.3	1.6	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	235	155	85	1.2	1.5	0.9
25. Library science	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,245	3,935	315	21.1	38.2	3.2
04. Architecture and related services	55	45	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
14. Engineering	285	235	50	1.4	2.3	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	840	680	160	4.2	6.6	1.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	865	850	15	4.3	8.3	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,100	1,080	20	5.5	10.5	0.2
48. Precision production	1,100	1,030	65	5.5	10.0	0.7
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	515	315	210	2.6	3.1	2.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	425	225	200	2.1	2.2	2.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	90	85	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Health and related fields	2,145	370	1,770	10.7	3.6	18.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	110	75	35	0.5	0.7	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,005	285	1,720	10.0	2.8	17.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,320	550	770	6.6	5.3	7.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	785	105	685	3.9	1.0	7.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	175	140	40	0.9	1.4	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	350	305	45	1.7	3.0	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	20,085	10,300	9,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,450	3,560	2,885	32.1	34.6	29.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	13,640	6,740	6,900	67.9	65.4	70.5
Location of study inside Canada	13,155	6,410	6,740	65.5	62.2	68.9
Same as province or territory of residence	13,070	6,355	6,715	65.1	61.7	68.6
Different than province or territory of residence	80	55	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	485	325	160	2.4	3.2	1.6
Americas	140	75	70	0.7	0.7	0.7
United States of America	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	70	40	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	115	85	35	0.6	0.8	0.4
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	85	65	20	0.4	0.6	0.2
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	145	110	35	0.7	1.1	0.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	105	75	30	0.5	0.7	0.3
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	35	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asia	80	60	20	0.4	0.6	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	60	50	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	35,230	17,780	17,460	...	...	...
In the labour force	19,990	10,840	9,150	...	...	...
Employed	18,750	10,230	8,520	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,235	610	630	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	15,245	6,940	8,310	...	...	...
Participation rate	56.7	61.0	52.4	56.7	61.0	52.4
Employment rate	53.2	57.5	48.8	53.2	57.5	48.8
Unemployment rate	6.2	5.6	6.9	6.2	5.6	6.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	35,235	17,775	17,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	14,760	6,750	8,015	41.9	38.0	45.9
Worked	20,475	11,025	9,440	58.1	62.0	54.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	10,380	5,900	4,485	29.5	33.2	25.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	10,085	5,130	4,960	28.6	28.9	28.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.5	40.9	41.8	42.5	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	19,990	10,840	9,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	380	190	185	1.9	1.8	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	19,615	10,650	8,965	98.1	98.2	97.9
Employee	16,880	8,915	7,960	84.4	82.2	86.9
Permanent position	14,120	7,490	6,635	70.6	69.1	72.5
Temporary position	2,750	1,430	1,325	13.8	13.2	14.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	900	490	405	4.5	4.5	4.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,855	940	920	9.3	8.7	10.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,740	1,730	1,005	13.7	16.0	11.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	19,990	10,840	9,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	380	190	185	1.9	1.8	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	19,615	10,650	8,965	98.1	98.2	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	315	225	95	1.6	2.1	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,590	730	1,855	13.0	6.7	20.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	995	750	245	5.0	6.9	2.7
3 Health occupations	1,775	245	1,530	8.9	2.3	16.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,040	490	1,555	10.2	4.5	17.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	385	210	180	1.9	1.9	2.0
6 Sales and service occupations	4,660	1,950	2,715	23.3	18.0	29.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,215	3,970	240	21.1	36.6	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	925	730	195	4.6	6.7	2.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,715	1,360	360	8.6	12.5	3.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	19,990	10,840	9,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	380	190	185	1.9	1.8	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	19,615	10,650	8,965	98.1	98.2	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	985	720	270	4.9	6.6	2.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	135	130	0	0.7	1.2	0.0
22 Utilities	65	45	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
23 Construction	1,570	1,380	190	7.9	12.7	2.1
31-33 Manufacturing	3,930	3,085	845	19.7	28.5	9.2
41 Wholesale trade	400	280	125	2.0	2.6	1.4
44-45 Retail trade	2,565	1,265	1,300	12.8	11.7	14.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	620	455	165	3.1	4.2	1.8
51 Information and cultural industries	100	65	40	0.5	0.6	0.4
52 Finance and insurance	490	170	320	2.5	1.6	3.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	150	100	50	0.8	0.9	0.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	735	390	350	3.7	3.6	3.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	615	355	265	3.1	3.3	2.9
61 Educational services	1,325	370	960	6.6	3.4	10.5
62 Health care and social assistance	3,000	465	2,535	15.0	4.3	27.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	190	130	55	1.0	1.2	0.6
72 Accommodation and food services	1,000	360	640	5.0	3.3	7.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	985	490	500	4.9	4.5	5.5
91 Public administration	745	395	345	3.7	3.6	3.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	21,635	11,660	9,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	205	125	80	0.9	1.1	0.8
French	19,550	10,410	9,145	90.4	89.3	91.7
Non-official language	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	1,705	1,025	680	7.9	8.8	6.8
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	50	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	95	50	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	21,635	11,660	9,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	21,435	11,535	9,895	99.1	98.9	99.2
Official languages	21,395	11,515	9,875	98.9	98.8	99.0
English	425	270	150	2.0	2.3	1.5
French	20,970	11,245	9,725	96.9	96.4	97.5
Non-official languages	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	205	125	75	0.9	1.1	0.8
English and French	170	100	70	0.8	0.9	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	21,635	11,660	9,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	19,975	10,670	9,305	92.3	91.5	93.3
English	1,335	795	540	6.2	6.8	5.4
French	225	140	80	1.0	1.2	0.8
Non-official language	35	30	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	35	30	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	60	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	18,755	10,230	8,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,530	1,390	1,145	13.5	13.6	13.4
Worked outside Canada	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	2,015	1,560	460	10.7	15.2	5.4
Usual place of work	14,185	7,260	6,920	75.6	71.0	81.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	14,185	7,260	6,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,275	4,090	4,180	58.3	56.3	60.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,400	1,670	1,730	24.0	23.0	25.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,490	1,475	1,015	17.6	20.3	14.7
Commute to a different province or territory	25	25	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	16,205	8,825	7,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	15,020	8,140	6,880	92.7	92.2	93.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	14,245	7,695	6,540	87.9	87.2	88.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	785	440	340	4.8	5.0	4.6
Public transit	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.4
Walked	805	460	350	5.0	5.2	4.7
Bicycle	90	65	20	0.6	0.7	0.3
Other method	235	135	100	1.5	1.5	1.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	16,205	8,825	7,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	8,505	4,305	4,195	52.5	48.8	56.8
15 to 29 minutes	4,555	2,345	2,210	28.1	26.6	29.9
30 to 44 minutes	1,785	1,125	650	11.0	12.7	8.8
45 to 59 minutes	495	350	150	3.1	4.0	2.0
60 minutes and over	865	695	175	5.3	7.9	2.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	16,205	8,825	7,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,310	1,025	285	8.1	11.6	3.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,155	2,135	1,020	19.5	24.2	13.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,445	2,645	2,800	33.6	30.0	37.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,815	1,065	1,750	17.4	12.1	23.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	970	325	650	6.0	3.7	8.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,510	1,640	875	15.5	18.6	11.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	7,390	3,835	3,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	980	500	480	13.3	13.0	13.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,405	3,335	3,070	86.7	87.0	86.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	5,420	2,835	2,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	780	405	380	14.4	14.3	14.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	570	280	290	10.5	9.9	11.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	215	125	95	4.0	4.4	3.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,635	2,430	2,205	85.5	85.7	85.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table