Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Le Val-Saint-François, Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	31,551	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	30,686	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	14,813	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	13,635	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	22.5	...	...	22.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,401.56	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	31,550	16,225	15,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	5,580	2,930	2,650	17.7	18.1	17.3
0 to 4 years	1,695	905	790	5.4	5.6	5.2
5 to 9 years	1,980	1,020	955	6.3	6.3	6.2
10 to 14 years	1,910	1,005	905	6.1	6.2	5.9
15 to 64 years	18,965	9,800	9,165	60.1	60.4	59.8
15 to 19 years	1,500	830	670	4.8	5.1	4.4
20 to 24 years	1,195	630	565	3.8	3.9	3.7
25 to 29 years	1,640	830	810	5.2	5.1	5.3
30 to 34 years	1,805	895	910	5.7	5.5	5.9
35 to 39 years	1,920	985	935	6.1	6.1	6.1
40 to 44 years	2,065	1,090	975	6.5	6.7	6.4
45 to 49 years	1,810	955	860	5.7	5.9	5.6
50 to 54 years	1,900	1,000	900	6.0	6.2	5.9
55 to 59 years	2,500	1,260	1,240	7.9	7.8	8.1
60 to 64 years	2,630	1,340	1,295	8.3	8.3	8.4
65 years and over	7,005	3,490	3,515	22.2	21.5	22.9
65 to 69 years	2,325	1,200	1,125	7.4	7.4	7.3
70 to 74 years	1,935	1,030	905	6.1	6.3	5.9
75 to 79 years	1,260	660	605	4.0	4.1	3.9
80 to 84 years	690	300	395	2.2	1.8	2.6
85 years and over	790	300	485	2.5	1.8	3.2
85 to 89 years	490	215	270	1.6	1.3	1.8
90 to 94 years	225	70	155	0.7	0.4	1.0
95 to 99 years	70	10	55	0.2	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.7	18.1	17.3	17.7	18.1	17.3
15 to 64 years	60.1	60.4	59.8	60.1	60.4	59.8
65 years and over	22.2	21.5	22.9	22.2	21.5	22.9
85 years and over	2.5	1.8	3.2	2.5	1.8	3.2
Average age of the population	43.6	43.0	44.2	43.6	43.0	44.2
Median age of the population	45.2	44.8	46.0	45.2	44.8	46.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	13,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	9,880	...	...	72.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	320	...	...	2.3	...	...
Row house	85	...	...	0.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,030	...	...	7.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,160	...	...	15.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	70	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	90	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	13,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	4,210	...	...	30.9	...	...
2 persons	5,365	...	...	39.3	...	...
3 persons	1,620	...	...	11.9	...	...
4 persons	1,530	...	...	11.2	...	...
5 or more persons	910	...	...	6.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	30,840	15,975	14,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	25,970	13,290	12,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	16,385	8,215	8,170	63.1	61.8	64.5
Married	8,265	4,150	4,110	31.8	31.2	32.4
Living common-law	8,120	4,060	4,060	31.3	30.5	32.0
Living common law - Never married	6,505	3,230	3,280	25.0	24.3	25.9
Living common law - Separated	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	1,405	735	670	5.4	5.5	5.3
Living common law - Widowed	155	70	85	0.6	0.5	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	9,585	5,080	4,510	36.9	38.2	35.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	6,345	3,760	2,585	24.4	28.3	20.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	255	140	115	1.0	1.1	0.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,640	825	815	6.3	6.2	6.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,345	350	990	5.2	2.6	7.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	9,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	5,345	...	...	58.2	...	...
3 persons	1,555	...	...	16.9	...	...
4 persons	1,485	...	...	16.2	...	...
5 or more persons	790	...	...	8.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	9,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	8,065	...	...	87.8	...	...
Married couples	4,010	...	...	43.7	...	...
With children⁶	1,235	...	...	13.4	...	...
Without children	2,775	...	...	30.2	...	...
Common-law couples	4,060	...	...	44.2	...	...
With children⁶	2,130	...	...	23.2	...	...
Without children	1,930	...	...	21.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,125	...	...	12.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	730	...	...	7.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	390	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	30,840	15,975	14,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	25,555	13,010	12,545	82.9	81.4	84.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	16,125	8,065	8,065	52.3	50.5	54.3
Parents in one-parent families	1,125	390	730	3.6	2.4	4.9
Children⁶	8,300	4,555	3,750	26.9	28.5	25.2
In a two-parent family	6,535	3,530	3,005	21.2	22.1	20.2
In a one-parent family	1,770	1,025	740	5.7	6.4	5.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	5,285	2,970	2,315	17.1	18.6	15.6
Living alone	4,215	2,355	1,860	13.7	14.7	12.5
Living with other relatives⁷	475	245	225	1.5	1.5	1.5
Living with non-relatives only	595	365	230	1.9	2.3	1.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	13,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,715	...	...	63.9	...	...
Couple-family households	7,720	...	...	56.6	...	...
With children⁶	3,205	...	...	23.5	...	...
Without children	4,515	...	...	33.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,000	...	...	7.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	135	...	...	1.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	30	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	205	...	...	1.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	330	...	...	2.4	...	...
One-person households	4,215	...	...	30.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	25,260	13,045	12,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,810	12,815	11,995	98.2	98.2	98.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	45,600	36,400	40,800	45,600	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,820	12,820	12,000	98.3	98.3	98.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	39,600	32,800	36,400	39,600	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,475	11,850	10,620	89.0	90.8	87.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	39,600	27,400	33,600	39,600	27,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,090	9,795	8,300	71.6	75.1	68.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	40,800	31,000	36,000	40,800	31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,620	10,250	10,370	81.6	78.6	84.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,400	10,000	12,400	11,400	10,000	12,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,260	1,805	1,455	12.9	13.8	11.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,080	5,000	5,120	5,080	5,000	5,120
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,790	3,840	2,950	26.9	29.4	24.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,480	6,000	6,000	5,480	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	25,265	13,055	12,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,860	12,830	12,030	98.4	98.3	98.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,840	54,350	42,960	48,840	54,350	42,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,860	12,830	12,030	98.4	98.3	98.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,440	43,920	36,720	40,440	43,920	36,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,485	11,825	10,660	89.0	90.6	87.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,640	49,080	35,520	42,640	49,080	35,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,095	9,815	8,280	71.6	75.2	67.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,040	47,880	37,320	43,040	47,880	37,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,485	10,160	10,330	81.1	77.8	84.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,430	11,470	13,380	12,430	11,470	13,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,260	1,800	1,460	12.9	13.8	12.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,800	5,555	8,320	6,800	5,555	8,320
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,790	3,945	2,850	26.9	30.2	23.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,960	6,700	7,310	6,960	6,700	7,310
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	25,265	13,055	12,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,860	4,920	3,940	35.1	37.7	32.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,400	57,200	47,600	52,400	57,200	47,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,400	63,950	53,650	59,400	63,950	53,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,035	3,600	3,435	27.8	27.6	28.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,200	23,200	18,600	21,200	23,200	18,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,920	34,360	25,280	29,920	34,360	25,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.0	83.2	73.2	79.0	83.2	73.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.2	67.4	59.8	64.2	67.4	59.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.0	16.7	26.8	21.0	16.7	26.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.4	2.4	1.8	1.4	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	4.4	5.1	4.7	4.4	5.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	3.8	4.0	3.9	3.8	4.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	25,255	13,045	12,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	445	230	220	1.8	1.8	1.8
With total income	24,815	12,815	11,995	98.3	98.2	98.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,585	715	875	6.4	5.6	7.3
$10,000 to $19,999	3,065	1,215	1,855	12.4	9.5	15.5
$20,000 to $29,999	4,015	1,840	2,170	16.2	14.4	18.1
$30,000 to $39,999	3,405	1,670	1,735	13.7	13.0	14.5
$40,000 to $49,999	3,315	1,695	1,615	13.4	13.2	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	2,735	1,500	1,240	11.0	11.7	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	2,020	1,200	820	8.1	9.4	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	1,380	835	540	5.6	6.5	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,040	635	405	4.2	5.0	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	685	445	240	2.8	3.5	2.0
$100,000 and over	1,570	1,070	500	6.3	8.3	4.2
$100,000 to $149,999	1,170	785	385	4.7	6.1	3.2
$150,000 and over	400	285	120	1.6	2.2	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	25,255	13,045	12,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	435	225	210	1.7	1.7	1.7
With after-tax income	24,820	12,820	12,000	98.3	98.3	98.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,730	755	975	7.0	5.9	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	3,225	1,315	1,915	13.0	10.3	16.0
$20,000 to $29,999	4,720	2,160	2,555	19.0	16.8	21.3
$30,000 to $39,999	4,395	2,290	2,105	17.7	17.9	17.5
$40,000 to $49,999	3,935	2,180	1,755	15.9	17.0	14.6
$50,000 to $59,999	2,715	1,585	1,135	10.9	12.4	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	1,705	1,010	690	6.9	7.9	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	975	600	380	3.9	4.7	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	560	345	210	2.3	2.7	1.8
$90,000 to $99,999	320	210	110	1.3	1.6	0.9
$100,000 and over	545	375	165	2.2	2.9	1.4
$100,000 to $124,999	285	195	95	1.1	1.5	0.8
$125,000 and over	255	185	70	1.0	1.4	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	25,255	13,045	12,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	7,165	3,255	3,915	28.4	25.0	32.1
With employment income	18,090	9,795	8,295	71.6	75.1	67.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,545	1,410	1,130	14.1	14.4	13.6
$5,000 to $9,999	1,335	615	720	7.4	6.3	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	2,055	940	1,115	11.4	9.6	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	1,965	890	1,075	10.9	9.1	13.0
$30,000 to $39,999	1,980	970	1,010	10.9	9.9	12.2
$40,000 to $49,999	2,030	1,030	1,000	11.2	10.5	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	1,650	980	675	9.1	10.0	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	1,310	830	485	7.2	8.5	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	875	565	305	4.8	5.8	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	785	475	305	4.3	4.8	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	485	340	145	2.7	3.5	1.7
$100,000 and over	1,075	745	330	5.9	7.6	4.0
$100,000 to $124,999	615	430	185	3.4	4.4	2.2
$125,000 and over	460	320	145	2.5	3.3	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	25,260	13,045	12,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	24,495	12,635	11,860	97.0	96.9	97.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,000	34,000	38,800	44,000	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	24,510	12,635	11,875	97.0	96.9	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,400	30,400	34,400	38,400	30,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,240	11,725	10,515	88.0	89.9	86.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	40,800	28,800	34,400	40,800	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,195	9,800	8,395	72.0	75.1	68.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	41,600	31,200	36,000	41,600	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,540	8,970	9,565	73.4	68.8	78.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,100	8,000	10,200	9,100	8,000	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,260	1,780	1,475	12.9	13.6	12.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,680	4,480	4,960	4,680	4,480	4,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	25,265	13,055	12,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	24,480	12,645	11,835	96.9	96.9	96.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,600	52,900	39,840	46,600	52,900	39,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	24,500	12,645	11,855	97.0	96.9	97.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,480	42,560	34,160	38,480	42,560	34,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,205	11,715	10,490	87.9	89.7	85.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,840	50,080	34,760	42,840	50,080	34,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,265	9,825	8,435	72.3	75.3	69.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,040	48,760	36,320	43,040	48,760	36,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,460	8,890	9,570	73.1	68.1	78.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,240	9,220	11,180	10,240	9,220	11,180
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,220	1,740	1,490	12.7	13.3	12.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,750	5,435	8,290	6,750	5,435	8,290
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	25,265	13,055	12,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,785	4,875	3,915	34.8	37.3	32.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,200	54,800	44,000	49,200	54,800	44,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,750	62,800	49,160	56,750	62,800	49,160
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,720	3,425	3,290	26.6	26.2	26.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,000	30,200	24,400	27,000	30,200	24,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,680	40,520	28,640	34,680	40,520	28,640
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.4	87.8	77.4	83.4	87.8	77.4
Employment income (%)	68.8	71.6	65.0	68.8	71.6	65.0
Government transfers (%)	16.6	12.3	22.7	16.6	12.3	22.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.4	2.6	1.9	1.4	2.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	13,635	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,215	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	33,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	9,420	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	13,635	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,700	...	...	73,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,200	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,480	...	...	44,480	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,760	...	...	37,760	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	9,430	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,900	...	...	108,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,800	...	...	89,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	13,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	70	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	70	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	190	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	280	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	770	...	...	5.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	455	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	480	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	665	...	...	4.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	705	...	...	5.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	640	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,225	...	...	9.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,035	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	925	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	900	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	760	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,465	...	...	32.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,595	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,135	...	...	8.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,110	...	...	8.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	630	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	13,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	80	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	75	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	190	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	305	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	805	...	...	5.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	575	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	630	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	810	...	...	5.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	840	...	...	6.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	755	...	...	5.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,395	...	...	10.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,190	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,080	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	945	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	845	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,115	...	...	22.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,545	...	...	11.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	820	...	...	6.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	755	...	...	5.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	9,190	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,545	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,375	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,080	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...	57,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,810	2,720	2,090	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	41,600	32,400	36,800	41,600	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	36,000	29,800	33,200	36,000	29,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	9,195	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,400	...	...	109,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,550	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,500	...	...	94,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,200	...	...	77,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,430	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,600	...	...	139,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,700	...	...	114,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,035	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,900	...	...	63,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,835	2,685	2,150	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,080	45,080	40,600	43,080	45,080	40,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,760	37,760	35,480	36,760	37,760	35,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	30,835	15,975	14,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	6,565	3,475	3,090	21.3	21.8	20.8
0 to 5 years	2,060	1,095	970	6.7	6.9	6.5
18 to 64 years	17,940	9,235	8,705	58.2	57.8	58.6
65 years and over	6,330	3,260	3,070	20.5	20.4	20.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,410	1,655	1,750	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	540	275	265	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	175	100	70	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,615	815	800	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,250	565	690	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.1	10.4	11.8	11.1	10.4	11.8
0 to 17 years (%)	8.2	8.0	8.5	8.2	8.0	8.5
0 to 5 years (%)	8.5	9.4	7.4	8.5	9.4	7.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.0	8.9	9.2	9.0	8.9	9.2
65 years and over (%)	19.8	17.3	22.4	19.8	17.3	22.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	30,840	15,975	14,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	6,565	3,475	3,090	21.3	21.8	20.8
0 to 5 years	2,065	1,095	965	6.7	6.9	6.5
18 to 64 years	17,940	9,240	8,705	58.2	57.8	58.6
65 years and over	6,330	3,265	3,065	20.5	20.4	20.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	655	365	290	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	75	30	40	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	30	10	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	515	295	220	...	...	...
65 years and over	70	40	25	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.1	2.3	1.9	2.1	2.3	1.9
0 to 17 years (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.4
0 to 5 years (%)	1.4	1.2	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	2.9	3.2	2.5	2.9	3.2	2.5
65 years and over (%)	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	30,835	15,980	14,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	17,980	9,195	8,785	58.3	57.5	59.1
In bottom decile	2,640	1,305	1,335	8.6	8.2	9.0
In second decile	3,650	1,820	1,830	11.8	11.4	12.3
In third decile	4,000	2,040	1,960	13.0	12.8	13.2
In fourth decile	3,990	2,085	1,905	12.9	13.0	12.8
In fifth decile	3,705	1,945	1,760	12.0	12.2	11.8
In top half of the distribution	12,855	6,785	6,070	41.7	42.5	40.8
In sixth decile	3,655	1,930	1,725	11.9	12.1	11.6
In seventh decile	3,180	1,700	1,485	10.3	10.6	10.0
In eighth decile	2,625	1,390	1,230	8.5	8.7	8.3
In ninth decile	2,050	1,060	985	6.6	6.6	6.6
In top decile	1,350	700	650	4.4	4.4	4.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	30,840	...	...	30,840	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.304	...	...	0.304	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.432	...	...	0.432	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.257	...	...	0.257	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	31,005	16,045	14,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	540	285	255	1.7	1.8	1.7
French only	18,890	9,440	9,450	60.9	58.8	63.1
English and French	11,535	6,290	5,245	37.2	39.2	35.0
Neither English nor French	40	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	31,005	16,045	14,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,145	1,120	1,025	6.9	7.0	6.8
French	28,640	14,805	13,840	92.4	92.3	92.5
English and French	180	95	85	0.6	0.6	0.6
Neither English nor French	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	31,005	16,045	14,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	30,520	15,780	14,740	98.4	98.3	98.5
Official languages	30,185	15,580	14,595	97.4	97.1	97.5
English	1,960	1,010	945	6.3	6.3	6.3
French	28,225	14,575	13,645	91.0	90.8	91.2
Non-official languages	335	195	145	1.1	1.2	1.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	335	195	140	1.1	1.2	0.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	25	5	0.1	0.2	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	30	25	5	0.1	0.2	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	25	5	0.1	0.2	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	220	120	100	0.7	0.7	0.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	70	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
German	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	100	60	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	80	45	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	490	270	220	1.6	1.7	1.5
English and French	435	235	200	1.4	1.5	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	20	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	31,005	16,045	14,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,575	830	740	5.1	5.2	4.9
French	27,660	14,240	13,415	89.2	88.8	89.6
Non-official language	85	45	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	85	45	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and French	1,445	785	655	4.7	4.9	4.4
English and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	115	70	50	0.4	0.4	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	95	45	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	31,005	16,045	14,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	30,540	15,795	14,745	98.5	98.4	98.5
Official languages	30,415	15,715	14,695	98.1	97.9	98.2
English	1,910	1,005	905	6.2	6.3	6.0
French	28,505	14,710	13,790	91.9	91.7	92.1
Non-official languages	125	75	50	0.4	0.5	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	125	75	50	0.4	0.5	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	85	50	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	50	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	470	255	215	1.5	1.6	1.4
English and French	395	205	190	1.3	1.3	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	20	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	45	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	31,010	16,045	14,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	29,760	15,370	14,395	96.0	95.8	96.2
English	760	430	330	2.5	2.7	2.2
French	335	175	155	1.1	1.1	1.0
Non-official language	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	30,835	15,980	14,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	30,825	15,970	14,850	100.0	99.9	99.9
English	12,085	6,675	5,415	39.2	41.8	36.4
French	30,350	15,710	14,640	98.4	98.3	98.5
Non-official languages	985	510	470	3.2	3.2	3.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	985	510	470	3.2	3.2	3.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	35	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	35	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	810	425	390	2.6	2.7	2.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	45	25	25	0.1	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	45	25	25	0.1	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	130	55	65	0.4	0.3	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	100	45	60	0.3	0.3	0.4
German	85	35	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	665	350	315	2.2	2.2	2.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	50	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	45	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	595	315	280	1.9	2.0	1.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	30,835	15,975	14,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	435	200	240	1.4	1.3	1.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	405	195	215	1.3	1.2	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	270	120	150	0.9	0.8	1.0
Métis	125	70	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	30,395	15,775	14,620	98.6	98.7	98.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	30,835	15,975	14,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	65	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	30,775	15,955	14,820	99.8	99.9	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	13,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	10,180	...	...	74.7	...	...
Renter	3,455	...	...	25.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	13,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	485	...	...	3.6	...	...
Not condominium	13,155	...	...	96.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	13,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	30	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	1,090	...	...	8.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,885	...	...	28.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,380	...	...	39.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,250	...	...	23.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	13,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,940	...	...	21.6	...	...
5 rooms	2,490	...	...	18.3	...	...
6 rooms	2,165	...	...	15.9	...	...
7 rooms	1,905	...	...	14.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,135	...	...	30.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	13,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	13,600	...	...	99.7	...	...
More than one person per room	35	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	13,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	13,440	...	...	98.6	...	...
Not suitable	200	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	13,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,015	...	...	29.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,015	...	...	29.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,620	...	...	11.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,265	...	...	9.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	595	...	...	4.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	720	...	...	5.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	785	...	...	5.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	620	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	13,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	12,650	...	...	92.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	990	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	13,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	7,115	...	...	52.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	6,285	...	...	46.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	235	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	13,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	315	...	...	2.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,845	...	...	13.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,255	...	...	16.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,170	...	...	15.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,075	...	...	22.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,575	...	...	18.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,150	...	...	8.4	...	...
85 years and over	250	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	13,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	12,170	...	...	91.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,180	...	...	8.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,095	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	13,635	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,240	...	...	16.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,080	...	...	7.9	...	...
Not suitable only	175	...	...	1.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	865	...	...	6.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	11,390	...	...	83.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	13,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	310	...	...	2.3	...	...
Not in core need	12,955	...	...	97.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,930	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.2	...	...	59.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.0	...	...	1.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	870	...	...	870	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	971	...	...	971	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	301,200	...	...	301,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,445	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.2	...	...	12.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.5	...	...	16.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	584	...	...	584	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	606	...	...	606	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	30,840	15,975	14,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	545	270	270	1.8	1.7	1.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	535	270	270	1.7	1.7	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	495	250	245	1.6	1.6	1.6
Métis single ancestry	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,035	480	555	3.4	3.0	3.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,020	475	550	3.3	3.0	3.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	955	445	510	3.1	2.8	3.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	29,260	15,225	14,040	94.9	95.3	94.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	30,835	15,975	14,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	30,585	15,840	14,750	99.2	99.2	99.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,510	3,445	3,070	21.1	21.6	20.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	24,080	12,395	11,685	78.1	77.6	78.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	250	140	110	0.8	0.9	0.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	30,835	15,975	14,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	30,155	15,605	14,555	97.8	97.7	97.9
Immigrants⁸¹	555	290	265	1.8	1.8	1.8
Before 1980	205	125	80	0.7	0.8	0.5
1980 to 1990	60	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
1991 to 2000	105	50	55	0.3	0.3	0.4
2001 to 2010	105	40	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	85	40	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
2011 to 2015	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
2016 to 2021	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	125	85	45	0.4	0.5	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	560	290	265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	90	35	55	16.1	12.1	20.8
5 to 14 years	110	60	45	19.6	20.7	17.0
15 to 24 years	110	60	45	19.6	20.7	17.0
25 to 44 years	215	130	85	38.4	44.8	32.1
45 years and over	35	10	30	6.3	3.4	11.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	560	290	265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	150	70	80	26.8	24.1	30.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	10	0	1.8	3.4	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	20	10	10	3.6	3.4	3.8
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	20	10	10	3.6	3.4	3.8
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	80	30	45	14.3	10.3	17.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	15	10	4.5	5.2	3.8
Europe	340	195	140	60.7	67.2	52.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	175	115	65	31.3	39.7	24.5
Germany	25	10	15	4.5	3.4	5.7
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	15	10	5.4	5.2	3.8
Other places of birth in Europe	80	40	35	14.3	13.8	13.2
Africa	25	15	10	4.5	5.2	3.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	10	3.6	3.4	3.8
Asia	45	10	35	8.0	3.4	13.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10	1.8	0.0	3.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	15	2.7	0.0	5.7
Viet Nam	15	10	10	2.7	3.4	3.8
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	35	25	15	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	15	15	0	42.9	60.0	0.0
France	15	15	0	42.9	60.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	15	0	15	42.9	0.0	100.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	28.6	0.0	66.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	30,835	15,975	14,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	810	425	385	2.6	2.7	2.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	810	405	405	2.6	2.5	2.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	29,220	15,145	14,070	94.8	94.8	94.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	355	170	185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	195	100	100	54.9	58.8	54.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	115	75	35	32.4	44.1	18.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	85	20	65	23.9	11.8	35.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	115	40	75	32.4	23.5	40.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	35	25	15	9.9	14.7	8.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	355	170	185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	10	0	4.2	5.9	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	30	25	10	8.5	14.7	5.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	0	10	2.8	0.0	5.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	30	25	10	8.5	14.7	5.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	10	2.8	0.0	5.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	245	100	145	69.0	58.8	78.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	30,835	15,975	14,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	340	170	165	1.1	1.1	1.1
South Asian	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black	80	30	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Filipino	75	45	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Arab	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin American	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Southeast Asian	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	30,495	15,805	14,695	98.9	98.9	98.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	30,835	15,980	14,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	12,140	6,295	5,845	39.4	39.4	39.3
English	885	435	450	2.9	2.7	3.0
Irish	2,050	1,065	985	6.6	6.7	6.6
Scottish	785	420	365	2.5	2.6	2.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,085	4,230	3,850	26.2	26.5	25.9
German	445	185	260	1.4	1.2	1.7
Chinese	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italian	385	230	160	1.2	1.4	1.1
Indian (India)	50	20	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ukrainian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dutch	110	65	40	0.4	0.4	0.3
Polish	60	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Québécois	4,245	2,120	2,125	13.8	13.3	14.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	115	70	45	0.4	0.4	0.3
Filipino	80	45	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
French Canadian	2,840	1,445	1,395	9.2	9.0	9.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	955	525	425	3.1	3.3	2.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	720	340	380	2.3	2.1	2.6
Métis	115	55	60	0.4	0.3	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	335	160	180	1.1	1.0	1.2
Russian	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Norwegian	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Welsh	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
American	190	70	120	0.6	0.4	0.8
Spanish	90	50	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swedish	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Acadian	245	100	145	0.8	0.6	1.0
Pakistani	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Greek	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	485	265	220	1.6	1.7	1.5
Danish	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	215	135	85	0.7	0.8	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	125	60	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	40	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	115	55	55	0.4	0.3	0.4
Finnish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70	25	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	120	70	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	50	20	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	110	50	60	0.4	0.3	0.4
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	75	15	60	0.2	0.1	0.4
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	30,835	15,975	14,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Christian	21,770	10,980	10,790	70.6	68.7	72.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,405	700	705	4.6	4.4	4.7
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	175	105	65	0.6	0.7	0.4
Baptist	85	50	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Catholic	19,355	9,745	9,610	62.8	61.0	64.7
Christian Orthodox	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	145	75	70	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Presbyterian	80	30	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	235	100	135	0.8	0.6	0.9
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	270	160	110	0.9	1.0	0.7
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	65	45	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	115	55	65	0.4	0.3	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	8,860	4,885	3,975	28.7	30.6	26.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	30,530	15,820	14,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	27,600	14,370	13,230	90.4	90.8	90.0
Movers	2,925	1,450	1,475	9.6	9.2	10.0
Non-migrants	1,035	525	505	3.4	3.3	3.4
Migrants	1,890	925	965	6.2	5.8	6.6
Internal migrants	1,845	895	955	6.0	5.7	6.5
Intraprovincial migrants	1,835	880	955	6.0	5.6	6.5
Interprovincial migrants	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
External migrants	50	35	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	29,115	15,095	14,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	19,405	10,195	9,210	66.6	67.5	65.7
Movers	9,710	4,895	4,810	33.4	32.4	34.3
Non-migrants	2,005	1,080	920	6.9	7.2	6.6
Migrants	7,705	3,815	3,890	26.5	25.3	27.7
Internal migrants	7,530	3,715	3,820	25.9	24.6	27.2
Intraprovincial migrants	7,465	3,670	3,790	25.6	24.3	27.0
Interprovincial migrants	70	45	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
External migrants	175	100	75	0.6	0.7	0.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	25,265	13,055	12,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,180	3,685	2,485	24.5	28.2	20.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	19,085	9,365	9,720	75.5	71.7	79.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,290	8,360	7,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,810	1,835	970	17.2	21.9	12.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,480	6,525	6,960	82.8	78.1	87.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	25,260	13,055	12,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,335	3,040	2,285	21.1	23.3	18.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,595	2,670	2,920	22.1	20.5	23.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,340	7,335	7,000	56.8	56.2	57.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10,655	5,795	4,860	42.2	44.4	39.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,060	3,955	2,105	24.0	30.3	17.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,380	2,585	1,800	17.3	19.8	14.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,680	1,375	305	6.7	10.5	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,015	1,625	2,390	15.9	12.4	19.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	585	210	370	2.3	1.6	3.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,680	1,540	2,140	14.6	11.8	17.5
Bachelor's degree	2,305	975	1,330	9.1	7.5	10.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	305	125	185	1.2	1.0	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	115	60	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Master's degree	820	300	525	3.2	2.3	4.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	135	85	55	0.5	0.7	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,290	8,365	7,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,265	1,420	845	13.9	17.0	10.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,920	1,455	1,465	17.9	17.4	18.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,105	5,490	5,615	68.2	65.6	70.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,240	4,415	3,820	50.6	52.8	48.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,750	3,015	1,735	29.2	36.0	21.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,455	1,945	1,505	21.2	23.3	19.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,295	1,070	230	7.9	12.8	2.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,085	1,265	1,825	18.9	15.1	23.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	400	140	260	2.5	1.7	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,865	1,070	1,790	17.6	12.8	22.6
Bachelor's degree	1,765	685	1,080	10.8	8.2	13.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	225	70	155	1.4	0.8	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	95	45	45	0.6	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	675	210	470	4.1	2.5	5.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	100	60	40	0.6	0.7	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	25,260	13,050	12,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	10,930	5,720	5,210	43.3	43.8	42.7
Education	935	185	750	3.7	1.4	6.1
13. Education	935	185	750	3.7	1.4	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	385	175	215	1.5	1.3	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	40	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	340	135	205	1.3	1.0	1.7
Humanities	500	195	300	2.0	1.5	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70	20	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	260	95	165	1.0	0.7	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	35	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	80	30	50	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	995	200	795	3.9	1.5	6.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	100	0	90	0.4	0.0	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	290	10	280	1.1	0.1	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	135	30	110	0.5	0.2	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	210	40	165	0.8	0.3	1.4
45. Social sciences	205	95	110	0.8	0.7	0.9
Business, management and public administration	2,780	910	1,870	11.0	7.0	15.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	175	50	125	0.7	0.4	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,605	860	1,745	10.3	6.6	14.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	315	170	140	1.2	1.3	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	135	65	75	0.5	0.5	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	75	50	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	280	170	105	1.1	1.3	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	195	135	65	0.8	1.0	0.5
25. Library science	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	35	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,170	3,945	225	16.5	30.2	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	320	300	20	1.3	2.3	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	740	655	85	2.9	5.0	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	955	940	10	3.8	7.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,135	1,105	25	4.5	8.5	0.2
48. Precision production	980	920	55	3.9	7.0	0.5
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	735	445	285	2.9	3.4	2.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	475	245	235	1.9	1.9	1.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	255	200	50	1.0	1.5	0.4
Health and related fields	2,035	310	1,725	8.1	2.4	14.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	90	50	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,915	250	1,670	7.6	1.9	13.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,195	625	565	4.7	4.8	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	690	185	500	2.7	1.4	4.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	120	105	15	0.5	0.8	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	390	330	55	1.5	2.5	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	16,290	8,360	7,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,190	2,875	2,315	31.9	34.4	29.2
Education	675	110	565	4.1	1.3	7.1
13. Education	675	110	565	4.1	1.3	7.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	270	125	140	1.7	1.5	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	35	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	225	90	135	1.4	1.1	1.7
Humanities	325	125	200	2.0	1.5	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	10	40	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	180	75	105	1.1	0.9	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
54. History	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	15	45	0.4	0.2	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	765	120	640	4.7	1.4	8.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	80	0	75	0.5	0.0	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	250	10	245	1.5	0.1	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	95	20	80	0.6	0.2	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	140	10	130	0.9	0.1	1.6
45. Social sciences	170	70	100	1.0	0.8	1.3
Business, management and public administration	2,205	665	1,535	13.5	8.0	19.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	145	40	110	0.9	0.5	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,050	630	1,425	12.6	7.5	18.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	240	130	110	1.5	1.6	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	115	55	60	0.7	0.7	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	55	35	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	220	145	75	1.4	1.7	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	165	120	40	1.0	1.4	0.5
25. Library science	25	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,200	3,010	190	19.6	36.0	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
14. Engineering	260	240	20	1.6	2.9	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	580	510	70	3.6	6.1	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	735	725	10	4.5	8.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	875	845	25	5.4	10.1	0.3
48. Precision production	720	675	45	4.4	8.1	0.6
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	625	355	270	3.8	4.2	3.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	420	200	220	2.6	2.4	2.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	210	160	50	1.3	1.9	0.6
Health and related fields	1,615	220	1,395	9.9	2.6	17.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	65	35	30	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,525	175	1,350	9.4	2.1	17.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	955	485	470	5.9	5.8	5.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	535	125	410	3.3	1.5	5.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	95	80	15	0.6	1.0	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	330	285	45	2.0	3.4	0.6
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	16,290	8,360	7,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,190	2,875	2,315	31.9	34.4	29.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	11,100	5,490	5,615	68.1	65.7	70.8
Location of study inside Canada	10,880	5,350	5,525	66.8	64.0	69.7
Same as province or territory of residence	10,755	5,285	5,470	66.0	63.2	69.0
Different than province or territory of residence	125	65	60	0.8	0.8	0.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	225	140	85	1.4	1.7	1.1
Americas	45	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
United States of America	25	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mexico	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	110	65	50	0.7	0.8	0.6
Belgium	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
France	85	60	25	0.5	0.7	0.3
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	45	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	25,260	13,055	12,210	...	...	...
In the labour force	16,015	8,600	7,420	...	...	...
Employed	15,245	8,175	7,065	...	...	...
Unemployed	770	420	355	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	9,245	4,460	4,790	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.4	65.9	60.8	63.4	65.9	60.8
Employment rate	60.4	62.6	57.9	60.4	62.6	57.9
Unemployment rate	4.8	4.9	4.8	4.8	4.9	4.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	25,260	13,050	12,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	8,905	4,250	4,665	35.3	32.6	38.2
Worked	16,355	8,805	7,550	64.7	67.5	61.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	9,040	5,045	3,990	35.8	38.7	32.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	7,315	3,760	3,560	29.0	28.8	29.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.8	43.1	42.5	42.8	43.1	42.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	16,015	8,595	7,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	220	115	105	1.4	1.3	1.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	15,795	8,480	7,315	98.6	98.7	98.5
Employee	13,640	7,100	6,540	85.2	82.6	88.1
Permanent position	11,725	6,160	5,570	73.2	71.7	75.0
Temporary position	1,915	935	970	12.0	10.9	13.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	645	260	385	4.0	3.0	5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,265	680	590	7.9	7.9	7.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,155	1,385	770	13.5	16.1	10.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	16,015	8,595	7,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	220	115	105	1.4	1.3	1.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	15,795	8,480	7,315	98.6	98.7	98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	310	240	70	1.9	2.8	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,145	575	1,570	13.4	6.7	21.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	825	590	240	5.2	6.9	3.2
3 Health occupations	1,370	175	1,190	8.6	2.0	16.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,740	410	1,325	10.9	4.8	17.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	355	205	150	2.2	2.4	2.0
6 Sales and service occupations	3,145	1,295	1,855	19.6	15.1	25.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,680	3,455	235	23.0	40.2	3.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	625	460	165	3.9	5.4	2.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,585	1,070	515	9.9	12.4	6.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	16,015	8,595	7,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	220	115	105	1.4	1.3	1.4
All industries¹⁹¹	15,795	8,480	7,315	98.6	98.7	98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	720	475	250	4.5	5.5	3.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	45	40	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
22 Utilities	40	40	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
23 Construction	1,350	1,195	155	8.4	13.9	2.1
31-33 Manufacturing	3,615	2,590	1,020	22.6	30.1	13.7
41 Wholesale trade	320	230	90	2.0	2.7	1.2
44-45 Retail trade	1,585	745	835	9.9	8.7	11.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	660	555	105	4.1	6.5	1.4
51 Information and cultural industries	110	35	70	0.7	0.4	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	220	85	140	1.4	1.0	1.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	170	90	80	1.1	1.0	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	765	385	380	4.8	4.5	5.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	485	285	205	3.0	3.3	2.8
61 Educational services	1,080	290	790	6.7	3.4	10.6
62 Health care and social assistance	2,520	375	2,150	15.7	4.4	29.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	190	120	65	1.2	1.4	0.9
72 Accommodation and food services	570	215	355	3.6	2.5	4.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	780	435	345	4.9	5.1	4.6
91 Public administration	570	300	270	3.6	3.5	3.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	17,200	9,195	8,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	490	275	215	2.8	3.0	2.7
French	13,745	7,315	6,425	79.9	79.6	80.2
Non-official language	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
English and French	2,895	1,555	1,330	16.8	16.9	16.6
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	17,200	9,195	8,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	16,825	9,000	7,825	97.8	97.9	97.7
Official languages	16,815	8,990	7,820	97.8	97.8	97.6
English	910	480	430	5.3	5.2	5.4
French	15,900	8,510	7,395	92.4	92.6	92.3
Non-official languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	385	200	185	2.2	2.2	2.3
English and French	375	195	180	2.2	2.1	2.2
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	17,200	9,195	8,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	14,610	7,790	6,825	84.9	84.7	85.2
English	2,115	1,170	945	12.3	12.7	11.8
French	415	205	210	2.4	2.2	2.6
Non-official language	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	15,245	8,175	7,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,370	1,180	1,195	15.5	14.4	16.9
Worked outside Canada	35	30	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	1,690	1,350	340	11.1	16.5	4.8
Usual place of work	11,150	5,625	5,520	73.1	68.8	78.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	11,150	5,625	5,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,565	1,405	1,160	23.0	25.0	21.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,990	1,575	1,415	26.8	28.0	25.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,570	2,620	2,950	50.0	46.6	53.4
Commute to a different province or territory	25	20	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	12,840	6,975	5,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	11,890	6,405	5,490	92.6	91.8	93.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	11,295	6,135	5,160	88.0	88.0	88.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	600	275	325	4.7	3.9	5.5
Public transit	30	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Walked	675	395	280	5.3	5.7	4.8
Bicycle	70	65	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
Other method	175	95	80	1.4	1.4	1.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	12,840	6,975	5,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	4,440	2,370	2,070	34.6	34.0	35.3
15 to 29 minutes	4,890	2,580	2,310	38.1	37.0	39.4
30 to 44 minutes	2,500	1,370	1,130	19.5	19.6	19.3
45 to 59 minutes	525	315	210	4.1	4.5	3.6
60 minutes and over	485	330	150	3.8	4.7	2.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	12,840	6,975	5,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	825	620	200	6.4	8.9	3.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,195	2,230	960	24.9	32.0	16.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,355	2,120	2,235	33.9	30.4	38.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,945	745	1,195	15.1	10.7	20.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	655	255	400	5.1	3.7	6.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,855	995	865	14.4	14.3	14.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	6,675	3,525	3,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,100	600	500	16.5	17.0	15.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,580	2,925	2,655	83.6	83.0	84.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,860	2,565	2,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	800	445	360	16.5	17.3	15.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	655	355	305	13.5	13.8	13.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	145	85	55	3.0	3.3	2.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,060	2,125	1,935	83.5	82.8	84.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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