Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Le Saguenay-et-son-Fjord, Census division (CDR)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	167,833	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	167,549	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.2	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	83,461	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	77,659	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	39,797.25	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	167,830	84,060	83,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	25,525	13,090	12,435	15.2	15.6	14.8
0 to 4 years	7,860	4,100	3,760	4.7	4.9	4.5
5 to 9 years	8,870	4,505	4,365	5.3	5.4	5.2
10 to 14 years	8,800	4,485	4,310	5.2	5.3	5.1
15 to 64 years	101,305	51,715	49,585	60.4	61.5	59.2
15 to 19 years	8,080	4,095	3,985	4.8	4.9	4.8
20 to 24 years	8,110	4,255	3,855	4.8	5.1	4.6
25 to 29 years	9,325	4,835	4,485	5.6	5.8	5.4
30 to 34 years	9,615	5,005	4,610	5.7	6.0	5.5
35 to 39 years	10,215	5,335	4,875	6.1	6.3	5.8
40 to 44 years	10,695	5,570	5,125	6.4	6.6	6.1
45 to 49 years	8,925	4,630	4,295	5.3	5.5	5.1
50 to 54 years	8,820	4,410	4,410	5.3	5.2	5.3
55 to 59 years	12,645	6,250	6,390	7.5	7.4	7.6
60 to 64 years	14,885	7,325	7,560	8.9	8.7	9.0
65 years and over	41,000	19,255	21,745	24.4	22.9	26.0
65 to 69 years	13,275	6,685	6,590	7.9	8.0	7.9
70 to 74 years	10,705	5,345	5,360	6.4	6.4	6.4
75 to 79 years	7,535	3,530	4,000	4.5	4.2	4.8
80 to 84 years	4,940	2,090	2,845	2.9	2.5	3.4
85 years and over	4,550	1,600	2,950	2.7	1.9	3.5
85 to 89 years	2,800	1,090	1,705	1.7	1.3	2.0
90 to 94 years	1,425	415	1,010	0.8	0.5	1.2
95 to 99 years	300	90	210	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.2	15.6	14.8	15.2	15.6	14.8
15 to 64 years	60.4	61.5	59.2	60.4	61.5	59.2
65 years and over	24.4	22.9	26.0	24.4	22.9	26.0
85 years and over	2.7	1.9	3.5	2.7	1.9	3.5
Average age of the population	44.9	44.0	45.9	44.9	44.0	45.9
Median age of the population	46.0	44.8	47.6	46.0	44.8	47.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	77,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	40,470	...	...	52.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	5,910	...	...	7.6	...	...
Row house	1,725	...	...	2.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	9,500	...	...	12.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	18,130	...	...	23.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,055	...	...	1.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	255	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	620	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	77,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	27,305	...	...	35.2	...	...
2 persons	30,255	...	...	39.0	...	...
3 persons	8,865	...	...	11.4	...	...
4 persons	7,695	...	...	9.9	...	...
5 or more persons	3,540	...	...	4.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	164,125	82,775	81,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	142,305	70,970	71,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	85,455	42,660	42,790	60.1	60.1	60.0
Married	44,590	22,290	22,300	31.3	31.4	31.3
Living common-law	40,860	20,370	20,495	28.7	28.7	28.7
Living common law - Never married	32,590	16,255	16,330	22.9	22.9	22.9
Living common law - Separated	475	225	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	6,775	3,450	3,320	4.8	4.9	4.7
Living common law - Widowed	1,020	430	595	0.7	0.6	0.8
Not married and not living common-law	56,850	28,310	28,545	39.9	39.9	40.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	37,195	21,105	16,090	26.1	29.7	22.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,810	925	890	1.3	1.3	1.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,950	3,990	4,960	6.3	5.6	7.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	8,895	2,295	6,605	6.3	3.2	9.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	48,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	29,625	...	...	61.1	...	...
3 persons	8,380	...	...	17.3	...	...
4 persons	7,400	...	...	15.3	...	...
5 or more persons	3,075	...	...	6.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	48,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	42,210	...	...	87.1	...	...
Married couples	21,795	...	...	45.0	...	...
With children⁶	6,210	...	...	12.8	...	...
Without children	15,580	...	...	32.1	...	...
Common-law couples	20,420	...	...	42.1	...	...
With children⁶	10,205	...	...	21.0	...	...
Without children	10,215	...	...	21.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,275	...	...	12.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,315	...	...	8.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,960	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	164,125	82,775	81,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	130,240	65,130	65,110	79.4	78.7	80.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	84,420	42,135	42,285	51.4	50.9	52.0
Parents in one-parent families	6,270	1,955	4,310	3.8	2.4	5.3
Children⁶	39,545	21,030	18,510	24.1	25.4	22.8
In a two-parent family	30,150	15,855	14,295	18.4	19.2	17.6
In a one-parent family	9,395	5,180	4,215	5.7	6.3	5.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	33,890	17,645	16,245	20.6	21.3	20.0
Living alone	27,305	13,990	13,315	16.6	16.9	16.4
Living with other relatives⁷	2,585	1,220	1,365	1.6	1.5	1.7
Living with non-relatives only	3,995	2,430	1,565	2.4	2.9	1.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	77,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	46,525	...	...	59.9	...	...
Couple-family households	40,775	...	...	52.5	...	...
With children⁶	15,885	...	...	20.5	...	...
Without children	24,895	...	...	32.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,750	...	...	7.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	490	...	...	0.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	135	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,005	...	...	1.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,200	...	...	2.8	...	...
One-person households	27,305	...	...	35.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	138,675	69,745	68,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	136,025	68,620	67,400	98.1	98.4	97.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	49,200	33,600	41,600	49,200	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	136,050	68,635	67,420	98.1	98.4	97.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,400	30,400	36,400	42,400	30,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	120,905	63,370	57,540	87.2	90.9	83.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	42,000	25,800	34,000	42,000	25,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,635	52,840	42,795	69.0	75.8	62.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	41,200	29,600	35,200	41,200	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	114,020	54,435	59,580	82.2	78.0	86.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,900	11,400	12,200	11,900	11,400	12,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,120	11,195	8,925	14.5	16.1	12.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,640	5,120	5,480	5,640	5,120
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,125	17,705	16,425	24.6	25.4	23.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,000	6,000	6,000	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	138,690	69,760	68,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	135,875	68,560	67,315	98.0	98.3	97.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,840	56,900	40,640	48,840	56,900	40,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	135,915	68,580	67,335	98.0	98.3	97.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,520	46,240	34,680	40,520	46,240	34,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	120,875	63,265	57,615	87.2	90.7	83.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,160	51,400	34,080	43,160	51,400	34,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,635	52,915	42,720	69.0	75.9	62.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,920	49,040	37,520	43,920	49,040	37,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	113,845	54,135	59,705	82.1	77.6	86.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,490	11,990	12,940	12,490	11,990	12,940
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,035	11,065	8,970	14.4	15.9	13.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,900	6,770	7,060	6,900	6,770	7,060
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,830	17,445	16,385	24.4	25.0	23.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,340	6,990	7,710	7,340	6,990	7,710
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	138,685	69,760	68,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	44,420	25,105	19,315	32.0	36.0	28.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	63,600	48,400	56,800	63,600	48,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,900	72,900	56,650	65,900	72,900	56,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	37,785	18,835	18,950	27.2	27.0	27.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	25,600	17,200	20,600	25,600	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,480	35,000	24,020	29,480	35,000	24,020
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.6	83.4	71.8	78.6	83.4	71.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.3	66.6	58.6	63.3	66.6	58.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.4	16.6	28.3	21.4	16.6	28.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	1.9	2.3	2.1	1.9	2.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.5	3.7	5.7	4.5	3.7	5.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	3.1	4.6	3.7	3.1	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	138,675	69,745	68,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,655	1,125	1,525	1.9	1.6	2.2
With total income	136,020	68,625	67,400	98.1	98.4	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,965	3,045	5,915	6.6	4.4	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	17,030	6,010	11,020	12.5	8.8	16.4
$20,000 to $29,999	21,765	8,850	12,915	16.0	12.9	19.2
$30,000 to $39,999	17,715	7,835	9,880	13.0	11.4	14.7
$40,000 to $49,999	17,960	9,215	8,740	13.2	13.4	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	15,210	8,855	6,360	11.2	12.9	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	10,710	6,725	3,985	7.9	9.8	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	7,105	4,645	2,460	5.2	6.8	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	5,490	3,255	2,235	4.0	4.7	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	3,510	2,205	1,310	2.6	3.2	1.9
$100,000 and over	10,560	7,980	2,580	7.8	11.6	3.8
$100,000 to $149,999	8,070	6,165	1,905	5.9	9.0	2.8
$150,000 and over	2,495	1,820	675	1.8	2.7	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	138,675	69,745	68,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,625	1,110	1,510	1.9	1.6	2.2
With after-tax income	136,050	68,630	67,420	98.1	98.4	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,950	3,225	6,730	7.3	4.7	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	17,725	6,390	11,335	13.0	9.3	16.8
$20,000 to $29,999	25,725	10,605	15,120	18.9	15.5	22.4
$30,000 to $39,999	22,635	10,965	11,675	16.6	16.0	17.3
$40,000 to $49,999	21,445	12,245	9,200	15.8	17.8	13.6
$50,000 to $59,999	14,650	9,305	5,345	10.8	13.6	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	8,880	5,365	3,520	6.5	7.8	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	5,485	3,435	2,055	4.0	5.0	3.0
$80,000 to $89,999	3,700	2,710	990	2.7	3.9	1.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,220	1,730	490	1.6	2.5	0.7
$100,000 and over	3,630	2,670	960	2.7	3.9	1.4
$100,000 to $124,999	2,155	1,640	510	1.6	2.4	0.8
$125,000 and over	1,475	1,025	450	1.1	1.5	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	138,675	69,745	68,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	43,040	16,905	26,135	31.0	24.2	37.9
With employment income	95,635	52,840	42,795	69.0	75.8	62.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	14,010	8,545	5,470	14.6	16.2	12.8
$5,000 to $9,999	6,815	2,980	3,835	7.1	5.6	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	11,390	4,755	6,635	11.9	9.0	15.5
$20,000 to $29,999	10,250	4,580	5,675	10.7	8.7	13.3
$30,000 to $39,999	10,105	5,015	5,095	10.6	9.5	11.9
$40,000 to $49,999	9,875	5,150	4,725	10.3	9.7	11.0
$50,000 to $59,999	7,665	4,535	3,125	8.0	8.6	7.3
$60,000 to $69,999	6,190	3,990	2,195	6.5	7.6	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,575	2,995	1,575	4.8	5.7	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	4,115	2,265	1,845	4.3	4.3	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,450	1,670	780	2.6	3.2	1.8
$100,000 and over	8,195	6,360	1,835	8.6	12.0	4.3
$100,000 to $124,999	4,490	3,520	970	4.7	6.7	2.3
$125,000 and over	3,705	2,840	865	3.9	5.4	2.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	138,675	69,745	68,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	134,295	67,775	66,525	96.8	97.2	96.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	48,000	30,600	39,200	48,000	30,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	134,525	67,775	66,745	97.0	97.2	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	41,200	27,800	34,800	41,200	27,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	119,440	62,750	56,695	86.1	90.0	82.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	43,200	27,000	34,800	43,200	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	96,530	53,065	43,465	69.6	76.1	63.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	42,400	29,600	35,600	42,400	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	105,300	49,790	55,505	75.9	71.4	80.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,100	8,600	9,700	9,100	8,600	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	19,625	11,090	8,535	14.2	15.9	12.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,920	5,120	4,640	4,920	5,120	4,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	138,690	69,760	68,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	134,170	67,670	66,505	96.7	97.0	96.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,920	55,800	37,920	46,920	55,800	37,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	134,415	67,675	66,740	96.9	97.0	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,680	45,160	32,160	38,680	45,160	32,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	119,290	62,575	56,705	86.0	89.7	82.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,920	52,750	34,160	43,920	52,750	34,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	96,535	53,090	43,445	69.6	76.1	63.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	49,960	36,720	44,000	49,960	36,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	105,300	49,650	55,650	75.9	71.2	80.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,030	9,530	10,480	10,030	9,530	10,480
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,575	10,960	8,610	14.1	15.7	12.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,510	6,040	7,100	6,510	6,040	7,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	138,685	69,760	68,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	44,330	25,070	19,265	32.0	35.9	28.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	61,200	45,600	54,000	61,200	45,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,850	70,600	52,750	62,850	70,600	52,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	35,845	17,885	17,955	25.8	25.6	26.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,600	30,800	20,600	24,600	30,800	20,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,640	40,280	27,000	33,640	40,280	27,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.2	87.4	76.8	83.2	87.4	76.8
Employment income (%)	67.4	70.2	63.3	67.4	70.2	63.3
Government transfers (%)	16.8	12.5	23.1	16.8	12.5	23.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.8	2.4	2.0	1.8	2.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	77,660	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	27,305	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,200	...	...	33,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	50,350	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	77,660	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,500	...	...	85,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,900	...	...	70,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	27,320	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,720	...	...	43,720	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,080	...	...	37,080	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	50,340	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,100	...	...	108,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,300	...	...	89,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	77,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	445	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	465	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,225	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,830	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,080	...	...	6.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,855	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,885	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,765	...	...	4.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,705	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,570	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,650	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,305	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,395	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,975	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,385	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	24,130	...	...	31.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	8,480	...	...	10.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,770	...	...	7.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,100	...	...	7.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,785	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	77,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	520	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	480	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,260	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,920	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,385	...	...	6.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,585	...	...	4.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,680	...	...	4.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,740	...	...	6.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,645	...	...	6.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,945	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	7,905	...	...	10.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,975	...	...	9.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	6,170	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5,460	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,440	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,545	...	...	21.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,665	...	...	9.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,435	...	...	5.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,450	...	...	5.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	48,835	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	25,065	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	16,485	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	135,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,150	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	31,300	16,420	14,875	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	41,200	30,400	36,000	41,200	30,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	36,000	28,600	32,000	36,000	28,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	48,760	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,800	...	...	108,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,700	...	...	89,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	25,005	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,600	...	...	76,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,535	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,600	...	...	147,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,400	...	...	119,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,065	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,600	...	...	75,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,700	...	...	64,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	31,340	16,200	15,135	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,440	47,200	37,360	42,440	47,200	37,360
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,120	39,280	32,760	36,120	39,280	32,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	164,125	82,770	81,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	30,200	15,475	14,725	18.4	18.7	18.1
0 to 5 years	9,605	4,985	4,620	5.9	6.0	5.7
18 to 64 years	95,980	48,895	47,080	58.5	59.1	57.9
65 years and over	37,950	18,405	19,545	23.1	22.2	24.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	18,735	8,440	10,295	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,230	1,155	1,075	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	715	375	340	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	8,805	4,370	4,435	...	...	...
65 years and over	7,700	2,915	4,785	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.4	10.2	12.7	11.4	10.2	12.7
0 to 17 years (%)	7.4	7.5	7.3	7.4	7.5	7.3
0 to 5 years (%)	7.5	7.6	7.4	7.5	7.6	7.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.2	8.9	9.4	9.2	8.9	9.4
65 years and over (%)	20.3	15.8	24.5	20.3	15.8	24.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	164,125	82,775	81,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	30,200	15,470	14,725	18.4	18.7	18.1
0 to 5 years	9,605	4,985	4,625	5.9	6.0	5.7
18 to 64 years	95,975	48,895	47,080	58.5	59.1	57.9
65 years and over	37,950	18,400	19,545	23.1	22.2	24.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,780	3,010	2,765	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	555	295	260	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	170	75	90	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,615	2,500	2,115	...	...	...
65 years and over	605	220	385	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.5	3.6	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.4
0 to 17 years (%)	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.8
0 to 5 years (%)	1.8	1.6	2.0	1.8	1.6	2.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	5.1	4.5	4.8	5.1	4.5
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.2	2.0	1.6	1.2	2.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	164,125	82,775	81,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	92,590	45,480	47,110	56.4	54.9	57.9
In bottom decile	15,510	7,055	8,450	9.5	8.5	10.4
In second decile	17,845	8,450	9,390	10.9	10.2	11.5
In third decile	18,530	9,125	9,405	11.3	11.0	11.6
In fourth decile	21,210	10,805	10,405	12.9	13.1	12.8
In fifth decile	19,495	10,040	9,455	11.9	12.1	11.6
In top half of the distribution	71,535	37,290	34,245	43.6	45.0	42.1
In sixth decile	18,965	9,860	9,105	11.6	11.9	11.2
In seventh decile	17,295	8,890	8,405	10.5	10.7	10.3
In eighth decile	15,415	8,030	7,385	9.4	9.7	9.1
In ninth decile	12,035	6,400	5,640	7.3	7.7	6.9
In top decile	7,830	4,115	3,705	4.8	5.0	4.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	164,125	...	...	164,125	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.294	...	...	0.294	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.418	...	...	0.418	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.253	...	...	0.253	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	166,455	83,425	83,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	350	180	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
French only	126,955	60,215	66,740	76.3	72.2	80.4
English and French	39,030	22,960	16,075	23.4	27.5	19.4
Neither English nor French	120	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	166,455	83,425	83,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,500	800	700	0.9	1.0	0.8
French	164,440	82,335	82,105	98.8	98.7	98.9
English and French	410	230	185	0.2	0.3	0.2
Neither English nor French	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	166,455	83,425	83,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	165,390	82,860	82,530	99.4	99.3	99.4
Official languages	163,740	81,995	81,745	98.4	98.3	98.5
English	1,335	720	615	0.8	0.9	0.7
French	162,410	81,275	81,130	97.6	97.4	97.7
Non-official languages	1,650	860	785	1.0	1.0	0.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,525	805	720	0.9	1.0	0.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	365	235	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	330	215	115	0.2	0.3	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	325	215	110	0.2	0.3	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	780	380	405	0.5	0.5	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	85	40	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	85	35	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	555	265	290	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	395	200	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,065	565	495	0.6	0.7	0.6
English and French	740	395	345	0.4	0.5	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	250	135	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	166,455	83,425	83,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	655	355	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
French	160,695	80,135	80,560	96.5	96.1	97.0
Non-official language	365	205	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	325	180	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	3,355	1,990	1,365	2.0	2.4	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	925	490	440	0.6	0.6	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	360	200	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	166,455	83,425	83,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	165,585	82,940	82,650	99.5	99.4	99.5
Official languages	164,885	82,555	82,330	99.1	99.0	99.2
English	1,040	575	465	0.6	0.7	0.6
French	163,845	81,980	81,865	98.4	98.3	98.6
Non-official languages	705	385	315	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	640	360	285	0.4	0.4	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	140	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	130	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	130	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	360	195	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	255	140	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	200	115	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	870	485	385	0.5	0.6	0.5
English and French	565	325	240	0.3	0.4	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	245	130	120	0.1	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	166,455	83,425	83,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	162,505	81,130	81,370	97.6	97.2	98.0
English	2,555	1,535	1,020	1.5	1.8	1.2
French	540	300	240	0.3	0.4	0.3
Non-official language	535	290	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	500	265	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	185	100	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	164,125	82,740	81,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	164,020	82,700	81,325	99.9	100.0	99.9
English	39,170	23,150	16,010	23.9	28.0	19.7
French	163,660	82,505	81,160	99.7	99.7	99.7
Non-official languages	5,090	2,470	2,625	3.1	3.0	3.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	210	100	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	170	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	170	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,885	2,370	2,520	3.0	2.9	3.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	510	310	195	0.3	0.4	0.2
Berber languages	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	485	300	185	0.3	0.4	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	475	290	180	0.3	0.4	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	125	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	55	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,595	1,640	1,955	2.2	2.0	2.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	175	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	175	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	330	185	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	290	160	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	275	155	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,105	1,380	1,725	1.9	1.7	2.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	175	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	150	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,835	1,235	1,600	1.7	1.5	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	315	170	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	90	40	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	75	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	100	40	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	85	35	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	164,125	82,740	81,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,435	3,260	3,175	3.9	3.9	3.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,005	3,065	2,945	3.7	3.7	3.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,635	1,240	1,395	1.6	1.5	1.7
Métis	3,295	1,795	1,500	2.0	2.2	1.8
Inuk (Inuit)	80	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	315	135	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	157,690	79,485	78,210	96.1	96.1	96.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	164,125	82,740	81,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,910	950	960	1.2	1.1	1.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	162,215	81,795	80,415	98.8	98.9	98.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	77,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	50,215	...	...	64.7	...	...
Renter	27,440	...	...	35.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	77,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,315	...	...	9.4	...	...
Not condominium	70,345	...	...	90.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	77,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	210	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	9,475	...	...	12.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	23,305	...	...	30.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	26,155	...	...	33.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	18,520	...	...	23.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	77,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	23,095	...	...	29.7	...	...
5 rooms	13,220	...	...	17.0	...	...
6 rooms	9,425	...	...	12.1	...	...
7 rooms	9,330	...	...	12.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	22,585	...	...	29.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	77,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	77,530	...	...	99.8	...	...
More than one person per room	130	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	77,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	76,930	...	...	99.1	...	...
Not suitable	730	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	77,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	19,285	...	...	24.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	26,470	...	...	34.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	10,810	...	...	13.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,795	...	...	10.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,540	...	...	3.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,385	...	...	4.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,310	...	...	5.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,070	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	77,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	73,970	...	...	95.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,690	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	77,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	44,995	...	...	57.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	31,655	...	...	40.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,005	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	77,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,690	...	...	3.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	10,145	...	...	13.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	12,395	...	...	16.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,590	...	...	13.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	16,465	...	...	21.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	15,125	...	...	19.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	7,990	...	...	10.3	...	...
85 years and over	2,265	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	77,280	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	68,345	...	...	88.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,940	...	...	11.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,255	...	...	10.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	77,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,775	...	...	16.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,415	...	...	10.8	...	...
Not suitable only	640	...	...	0.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,135	...	...	4.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	25	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	490	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	64,890	...	...	83.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	76,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,940	...	...	2.5	...	...
Not in core need	74,655	...	...	97.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	50,045	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.2	...	...	64.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.0	...	...	7.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.7	...	...	0.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	980	...	...	980	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,035	...	...	1,035	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	210,000	...	...	210,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	234,400	...	...	234,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	27,420	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.8	...	...	12.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.8	...	...	19.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	628	...	...	628	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	681	...	...	681	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	164,125	82,745	81,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	6,285	3,150	3,135	3.8	3.8	3.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	6,205	3,100	3,105	3.8	3.7	3.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	4,325	2,180	2,150	2.6	2.6	2.6
Métis single ancestry	1,785	895	895	1.1	1.1	1.1
Inuit single ancestry	90	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	80	50	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,700	2,330	2,375	2.9	2.8	2.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,600	2,290	2,305	2.8	2.8	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,785	1,865	1,915	2.3	2.3	2.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	815	425	390	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	95	35	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	85	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	153,140	77,270	75,875	93.3	93.4	93.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	164,120	82,740	81,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	161,840	81,455	80,385	98.6	98.4	98.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	30,015	15,480	14,535	18.3	18.7	17.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	131,830	65,980	65,850	80.3	79.7	80.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,280	1,285	995	1.4	1.6	1.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	164,120	82,740	81,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	160,350	80,720	79,625	97.7	97.6	97.8
Immigrants⁸¹	2,105	1,040	1,065	1.3	1.3	1.3
Before 1980	255	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
1980 to 1990	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
1991 to 2000	280	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
2001 to 2010	640	340	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	785	380	405	0.5	0.5	0.5
2011 to 2015	360	165	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
2016 to 2021	425	215	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,665	980	690	1.0	1.2	0.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,110	1,040	1,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	315	135	180	14.9	13.0	16.9
5 to 14 years	350	165	180	16.6	15.9	16.9
15 to 24 years	295	135	165	14.0	13.0	15.5
25 to 44 years	1,030	555	475	48.8	53.4	44.6
45 years and over	115	50	70	5.5	4.8	6.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,110	1,040	1,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	410	170	245	19.4	16.3	23.0
Brazil	15	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.4
Colombia	75	25	45	3.6	2.4	4.2
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	70	25	50	3.3	2.4	4.7
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	35	15	25	1.7	1.4	2.3
Peru	25	0	15	1.2	0.0	1.4
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	55	30	25	2.6	2.9	2.3
Other places of birth in Americas	120	60	65	5.7	5.8	6.1
Europe	865	500	365	41.0	48.1	34.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	505	310	200	23.9	29.8	18.8
Germany	50	25	30	2.4	2.4	2.8
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	35	25	0	1.7	2.4	0.0
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	10	0	0.7	1.0	0.0
Portugal	15	10	0	0.7	1.0	0.0
Romania	15	10	0	0.7	1.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	0	20	0.9	0.0	1.9
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	45	25	15	2.1	2.4	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	0	20	1.2	0.0	1.9
Other places of birth in Europe	115	55	55	5.5	5.3	5.2
Africa	565	285	275	26.8	27.4	25.8
Algeria	70	40	25	3.3	3.8	2.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	15	10	1.2	1.4	0.9
Egypt	15	10	0	0.7	1.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	55	40	10	2.6	3.8	0.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	405	180	225	19.2	17.3	21.1
Asia	265	80	180	12.6	7.7	16.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10	0.9	1.0	0.9
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	10	0	0.7	1.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	90	15	70	4.3	1.4	6.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	25	0	25	1.2	0.0	2.3
Viet Nam	20	15	0	0.9	1.4	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	50	15	35	2.4	1.4	3.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	420	210	215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	60	25	30	14.3	11.9	14.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	0	2.4	4.8	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	15	15	6.0	7.1	7.0
Europe	155	105	55	36.9	50.0	25.6
France	145	90	55	34.5	42.9	25.6
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	140	60	75	33.3	28.6	34.9
Algeria	15	0	10	3.6	0.0	4.7
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	40	15	25	9.5	7.1	11.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	10	2.4	0.0	4.7
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	15	0	3.6	7.1	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	20	15	0	4.8	7.1	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	10	25	8.3	4.8	11.6
Asia	70	20	45	16.7	9.5	20.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0	2.4	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	2.4	0.0	4.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	164,125	82,740	81,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,285	2,260	2,025	2.6	2.7	2.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,595	1,305	1,290	1.6	1.6	1.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	157,245	79,175	78,070	95.8	95.7	95.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,855	920	940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,025	615	415	55.3	66.8	44.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	585	400	180	31.5	43.5	19.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	440	205	230	23.7	22.3	24.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	675	230	445	36.4	25.0	47.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	150	75	75	8.1	8.2	8.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,855	920	940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	35	20	10	1.9	2.2	1.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	230	120	100	12.4	13.0	10.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	105	30	65	5.7	3.3	6.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	255	185	75	13.7	20.1	8.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	10	10	0.8	1.1	1.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,215	545	670	65.5	59.2	71.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	164,125	82,740	81,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,000	1,440	1,555	1.8	1.7	1.9
South Asian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	265	60	205	0.2	0.1	0.3
Black	1,330	675	660	0.8	0.8	0.8
Filipino	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab	425	280	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Latin American	435	185	255	0.3	0.2	0.3
Southeast Asian	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	95	35	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	161,125	81,300	79,825	98.2	98.3	98.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	164,125	82,740	81,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	68,940	34,425	34,515	42.0	41.6	42.4
English	1,120	610	505	0.7	0.7	0.6
Irish	3,905	1,840	2,070	2.4	2.2	2.5
Scottish	2,500	1,205	1,295	1.5	1.5	1.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	32,270	16,735	15,535	19.7	20.2	19.1
German	900	440	455	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese	270	75	190	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italian	995	580	415	0.6	0.7	0.5
Indian (India)	260	115	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ukrainian	175	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	185	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Québécois	25,960	13,105	12,855	15.8	15.8	15.8
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	245	155	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
Filipino	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
French Canadian	18,980	9,465	9,515	11.6	11.4	11.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	4,405	2,275	2,140	2.7	2.7	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,895	1,935	1,965	2.4	2.3	2.4
Métis	2,765	1,390	1,370	1.7	1.7	1.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,755	930	820	1.1	1.1	1.0
Russian	160	90	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	320	175	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Welsh	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	285	145	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	500	245	255	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	300	155	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swedish	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Acadian	1,860	935	925	1.1	1.1	1.1
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	280	115	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jewish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	150	110	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Greek	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	170	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	50	40	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	185	120	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	2,520	1,220	1,300	1.5	1.5	1.6
Danish	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,115	605	515	0.7	0.7	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	365	210	155	0.2	0.3	0.2
Haitian	190	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	155	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	270	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	400	195	210	0.2	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	70	45	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Muslim	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	75	45	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	165	55	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	135	100	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czech	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	105	35	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	85	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Brazilian	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	390	195	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	100	35	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	135	90	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	1,745	865	875	1.1	1.0	1.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	245	105	140	0.1	0.1	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	250	140	110	0.2	0.2	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	200	110	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	200	65	135	0.1	0.1	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	45	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Beninese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	164,125	82,745	81,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	128,285	62,970	65,310	78.2	76.1	80.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,125	4,605	4,520	5.6	5.6	5.6
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baptist	305	145	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	117,515	57,580	59,925	71.6	69.6	73.6
Christian Orthodox	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	215	80	135	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latter Day Saints	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	170	110	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Presbyterian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	655	305	345	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindu	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	735	435	300	0.4	0.5	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	385	190	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	34,580	19,075	15,505	21.1	23.1	19.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	162,490	81,840	80,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	145,125	73,200	71,925	89.3	89.4	89.2
Movers	17,360	8,645	8,720	10.7	10.6	10.8
Non-migrants	12,595	6,240	6,360	7.8	7.6	7.9
Migrants	4,770	2,405	2,360	2.9	2.9	2.9
Internal migrants	4,305	2,145	2,160	2.6	2.6	2.7
Intraprovincial migrants	3,895	1,910	1,985	2.4	2.3	2.5
Interprovincial migrants	415	235	175	0.3	0.3	0.2
External migrants	460	260	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	156,245	78,605	77,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	104,230	52,810	51,420	66.7	67.2	66.2
Movers	52,015	25,790	26,225	33.3	32.8	33.8
Non-migrants	31,685	15,455	16,235	20.3	19.7	20.9
Migrants	20,330	10,335	9,995	13.0	13.1	12.9
Internal migrants	18,600	9,365	9,235	11.9	11.9	11.9
Intraprovincial migrants	17,450	8,720	8,735	11.2	11.1	11.2
Interprovincial migrants	1,150	650	500	0.7	0.8	0.6
External migrants	1,725	965	760	1.1	1.2	1.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	138,685	69,760	68,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	27,665	14,770	12,890	19.9	21.2	18.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	111,020	54,990	56,035	80.1	78.8	81.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	84,725	42,850	41,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,130	7,060	5,065	14.3	16.5	12.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	72,595	35,790	36,805	85.7	83.5	87.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	138,690	69,760	68,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	23,375	11,570	11,805	16.9	16.6	17.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	27,520	13,505	14,010	19.8	19.4	20.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	87,795	44,685	43,105	63.3	64.1	62.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	64,820	34,355	30,470	46.7	49.2	44.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	32,915	20,200	12,715	23.7	29.0	18.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	24,615	13,610	11,005	17.7	19.5	16.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,300	6,590	1,705	6.0	9.4	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	27,075	12,145	14,930	19.5	17.4	21.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,830	2,010	2,825	3.5	2.9	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	22,970	10,335	12,645	16.6	14.8	18.3
Bachelor's degree	15,675	6,865	8,810	11.3	9.8	12.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,830	835	995	1.3	1.2	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	745	330	420	0.5	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	3,990	1,845	2,140	2.9	2.6	3.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	740	460	285	0.5	0.7	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	84,730	42,845	41,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,000	4,755	4,250	10.6	11.1	10.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,165	6,290	5,880	14.4	14.7	14.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	63,555	31,805	31,750	75.0	74.2	75.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	45,995	24,450	21,550	54.3	57.1	51.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	24,390	14,750	9,635	28.8	34.4	23.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	18,350	9,860	8,490	21.7	23.0	20.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,035	4,890	1,145	7.1	11.4	2.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,625	8,450	10,175	22.0	19.7	24.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,985	1,250	1,735	3.5	2.9	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,555	7,355	10,195	20.7	17.2	24.3
Bachelor's degree	11,765	4,860	6,905	13.9	11.3	16.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,335	520	815	1.6	1.2	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	605	220	385	0.7	0.5	0.9
Master's degree	3,270	1,430	1,845	3.9	3.3	4.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	580	325	255	0.7	0.8	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	138,685	69,760	68,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	50,890	25,075	25,815	36.7	35.9	37.5
Education	6,900	1,845	5,055	5.0	2.6	7.3
13. Education	6,900	1,845	5,055	5.0	2.6	7.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,655	720	930	1.2	1.0	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	280	180	95	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,370	540	835	1.0	0.8	1.2
Humanities	3,725	1,605	2,115	2.7	2.3	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	370	85	280	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,020	885	1,130	1.5	1.3	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	170	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	345	205	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	270	145	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	490	170	325	0.4	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,425	1,350	4,080	3.9	1.9	5.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	615	205	415	0.4	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,975	85	1,900	1.4	0.1	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	705	245	455	0.5	0.4	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	150	35	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,055	240	815	0.8	0.3	1.2
45. Social sciences	855	515	345	0.6	0.7	0.5
Business, management and public administration	19,035	5,680	13,360	13.7	8.1	19.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,660	305	1,350	1.2	0.4	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	17,360	5,370	11,990	12.5	7.7	17.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,305	1,270	1,035	1.7	1.8	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	565	210	355	0.4	0.3	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	235	145	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	505	250	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
40. Physical sciences	720	475	245	0.5	0.7	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	280	185	90	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,435	1,785	650	1.8	2.6	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,935	1,575	360	1.4	2.3	0.5
25. Library science	285	60	225	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	160	105	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	24,645	22,665	1,985	17.8	32.5	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	610	355	255	0.4	0.5	0.4
14. Engineering	2,745	2,340	405	2.0	3.4	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	5,525	4,820	710	4.0	6.9	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	5,570	5,390	180	4.0	7.7	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,875	5,655	225	4.2	8.1	0.3
48. Precision production	4,320	4,115	205	3.1	5.9	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,365	1,690	670	1.7	2.4	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	765	420	340	0.6	0.6	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,600	1,270	325	1.2	1.8	0.5
Health and related fields	11,680	2,020	9,660	8.4	2.9	14.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	635	375	265	0.5	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10,710	1,500	9,220	7.7	2.2	13.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	320	145	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	7,610	4,045	3,565	5.5	5.8	5.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	4,160	1,050	3,105	3.0	1.5	4.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	80	80	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,225	935	290	0.9	1.3	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,120	1,955	160	1.5	2.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	84,725	42,850	41,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,170	11,045	10,130	25.0	25.8	24.2
Education	4,245	945	3,305	5.0	2.2	7.9
13. Education	4,245	945	3,305	5.0	2.2	7.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,145	505	640	1.4	1.2	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	165	110	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	980	395	590	1.2	0.9	1.4
Humanities	2,165	920	1,240	2.6	2.1	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	280	55	220	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,115	515	595	1.3	1.2	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	155	90	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	175	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	325	105	220	0.4	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,150	920	3,230	4.9	2.1	7.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	405	130	275	0.5	0.3	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,605	60	1,545	1.9	0.1	3.7
22. Legal professions and studies	525	160	365	0.6	0.4	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	20	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	840	175	665	1.0	0.4	1.6
45. Social sciences	620	350	270	0.7	0.8	0.6
Business, management and public administration	13,800	3,940	9,860	16.3	9.2	23.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,275	225	1,050	1.5	0.5	2.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,505	3,715	8,795	14.8	8.7	21.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,395	800	600	1.6	1.9	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	415	155	260	0.5	0.4	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	145	100	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	85	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	575	365	205	0.7	0.9	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	180	115	60	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,875	1,415	460	2.2	3.3	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,595	1,315	280	1.9	3.1	0.7
25. Library science	155	20	135	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	18,360	16,600	1,760	21.7	38.7	4.2
04. Architecture and related services	495	270	230	0.6	0.6	0.5
14. Engineering	2,200	1,850	345	2.6	4.3	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,165	3,535	640	4.9	8.2	1.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,030	3,860	165	4.8	9.0	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,270	4,085	185	5.0	9.5	0.4
48. Precision production	3,195	3,005	190	3.8	7.0	0.5
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,800	1,230	570	2.1	2.9	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	575	295	285	0.7	0.7	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,225	935	285	1.4	2.2	0.7
Health and related fields	8,525	1,420	7,105	10.1	3.3	17.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	460	280	180	0.5	0.7	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,780	1,030	6,750	9.2	2.4	16.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	275	115	165	0.3	0.3	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,085	3,115	2,970	7.2	7.3	7.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,330	740	2,590	3.9	1.7	6.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	55	55	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	990	750	240	1.2	1.8	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,675	1,545	130	2.0	3.6	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	84,725	42,850	41,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,170	11,045	10,130	25.0	25.8	24.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	63,555	31,810	31,750	75.0	74.2	75.8
Location of study inside Canada	62,340	31,135	31,215	73.6	72.7	74.5
Same as province or territory of residence	61,395	30,520	30,875	72.5	71.2	73.7
Different than province or territory of residence	945	615	330	1.1	1.4	0.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,215	675	540	1.4	1.6	1.3
Americas	250	115	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
United States of America	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	40	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Europe	510	330	180	0.6	0.8	0.4
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	370	245	120	0.4	0.6	0.3
Germany	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	320	180	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Morocco	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	80	70	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Egypt	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	160	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	120	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	138,690	69,760	68,920	...	...	...
In the labour force	82,980	44,250	38,730	...	...	...
Employed	78,260	41,600	36,665	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,715	2,650	2,065	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	55,710	25,510	30,190	...	...	...
Participation rate	59.8	63.4	56.2	59.8	63.4	56.2
Employment rate	56.4	59.6	53.2	56.4	59.6	53.2
Unemployment rate	5.7	6.0	5.3	5.7	6.0	5.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	138,685	69,760	68,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	54,420	24,700	29,725	39.2	35.4	43.1
Worked	84,265	45,060	39,200	60.8	64.6	56.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	45,290	25,595	19,690	32.7	36.7	28.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	38,975	19,465	19,510	28.1	27.9	28.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.0	42.5	41.5	42.0	42.5	41.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	82,980	44,245	38,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,480	720	760	1.8	1.6	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	81,495	43,525	37,970	98.2	98.4	98.0
Employee	74,400	39,610	34,790	89.7	89.5	89.8
Permanent position	60,130	32,550	27,580	72.5	73.6	71.2
Temporary position	14,275	7,065	7,210	17.2	16.0	18.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	4,805	2,225	2,575	5.8	5.0	6.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	9,470	4,840	4,635	11.4	10.9	12.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,095	3,915	3,180	8.6	8.8	8.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	82,980	44,245	38,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,480	720	760	1.8	1.6	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	81,495	43,525	37,970	98.2	98.4	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,095	810	285	1.3	1.8	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,320	3,610	8,715	14.8	8.2	22.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,315	5,045	1,270	7.6	11.4	3.3
3 Health occupations	7,810	1,290	6,520	9.4	2.9	16.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10,580	3,400	7,180	12.8	7.7	18.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,660	800	865	2.0	1.8	2.2
6 Sales and service occupations	20,625	9,235	11,390	24.9	20.9	29.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	15,385	14,450	940	18.5	32.7	2.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,565	1,335	230	1.9	3.0	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,135	3,560	580	5.0	8.0	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	82,980	44,245	38,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,480	720	760	1.8	1.6	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	81,495	43,525	37,970	98.2	98.4	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,330	1,040	285	1.6	2.4	0.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	985	890	90	1.2	2.0	0.2
22 Utilities	945	785	160	1.1	1.8	0.4
23 Construction	6,370	5,465	895	7.7	12.4	2.3
31-33 Manufacturing	8,760	7,120	1,640	10.6	16.1	4.2
41 Wholesale trade	1,945	1,520	425	2.3	3.4	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	10,515	4,770	5,740	12.7	10.8	14.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,905	2,340	565	3.5	5.3	1.5
51 Information and cultural industries	1,135	660	475	1.4	1.5	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	1,650	535	1,115	2.0	1.2	2.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	845	475	365	1.0	1.1	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,770	2,860	1,915	5.7	6.5	4.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,435	2,230	1,205	4.1	5.0	3.1
61 Educational services	6,425	2,150	4,275	7.7	4.9	11.0
62 Health care and social assistance	13,100	2,305	10,795	15.8	5.2	27.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,055	550	505	1.3	1.2	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	4,515	2,025	2,490	5.4	4.6	6.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	4,500	2,305	2,195	5.4	5.2	5.7
91 Public administration	6,255	3,455	2,795	7.5	7.8	7.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	89,270	47,670	41,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	625	390	235	0.7	0.8	0.6
French	80,975	42,115	38,860	90.7	88.3	93.4
Non-official language	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	7,535	5,105	2,420	8.4	10.7	5.8
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	89,270	47,670	41,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	88,450	47,105	41,345	99.1	98.8	99.4
Official languages	88,415	47,095	41,320	99.0	98.8	99.3
English	1,510	1,015	495	1.7	2.1	1.2
French	86,905	46,080	40,825	97.4	96.7	98.1
Non-official languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	815	570	250	0.9	1.2	0.6
English and French	800	560	235	0.9	1.2	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	89,270	47,670	41,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	82,415	43,065	39,350	92.3	90.3	94.6
English	5,865	3,940	1,930	6.6	8.3	4.6
French	900	630	275	1.0	1.3	0.7
Non-official language	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	78,265	41,595	36,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,415	4,945	5,470	13.3	11.9	14.9
Worked outside Canada	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
No fixed workplace address	8,035	6,085	1,950	10.3	14.6	5.3
Usual place of work	59,770	30,545	29,230	76.4	73.4	79.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	59,770	30,545	29,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	49,985	24,765	25,220	83.6	81.1	86.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,295	3,335	2,960	10.5	10.9	10.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,395	2,365	1,025	5.7	7.7	3.5
Commute to a different province or territory	100	80	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	67,805	36,625	31,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	62,535	33,820	28,720	92.2	92.3	92.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	59,695	32,350	27,345	88.0	88.3	87.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,840	1,470	1,375	4.2	4.0	4.4
Public transit	1,215	620	600	1.8	1.7	1.9
Walked	2,515	1,150	1,365	3.7	3.1	4.4
Bicycle	260	195	70	0.4	0.5	0.2
Other method	1,275	845	430	1.9	2.3	1.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	67,805	36,625	31,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	30,950	15,115	15,835	45.6	41.3	50.8
15 to 29 minutes	25,955	14,265	11,695	38.3	38.9	37.5
30 to 44 minutes	7,235	4,470	2,765	10.7	12.2	8.9
45 to 59 minutes	1,900	1,325	580	2.8	3.6	1.9
60 minutes and over	1,760	1,455	305	2.6	4.0	1.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	67,805	36,625	31,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,220	3,465	760	6.2	9.5	2.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	12,930	9,425	3,500	19.1	25.7	11.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	25,500	12,310	13,190	37.6	33.6	42.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	11,440	4,500	6,935	16.9	12.3	22.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,145	1,605	2,545	6.1	4.4	8.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,570	5,320	4,245	14.1	14.5	13.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	30,775	15,740	15,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,690	1,345	1,340	8.7	8.5	8.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	28,085	14,395	13,690	91.3	91.5	91.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	22,295	11,340	10,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,015	990	1,025	9.0	8.7	9.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,415	670	740	6.3	5.9	6.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	600	320	280	2.7	2.8	2.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,275	10,350	9,925	90.9	91.3	90.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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