Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Le Haut-Richelieu, Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	121,277	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	117,443	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	55,208	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	52,723	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	129.7	...	...	129.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	934.85	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	121,275	60,160	61,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20,855	10,705	10,150	17.2	17.8	16.6
0 to 4 years	6,330	3,260	3,070	5.2	5.4	5.0
5 to 9 years	7,105	3,630	3,475	5.9	6.0	5.7
10 to 14 years	7,420	3,820	3,600	6.1	6.3	5.9
15 to 64 years	74,730	37,525	37,210	61.6	62.4	60.9
15 to 19 years	5,855	3,030	2,830	4.8	5.0	4.6
20 to 24 years	5,580	2,855	2,720	4.6	4.7	4.5
25 to 29 years	6,980	3,575	3,410	5.8	5.9	5.6
30 to 34 years	7,515	3,800	3,720	6.2	6.3	6.1
35 to 39 years	7,660	3,800	3,855	6.3	6.3	6.3
40 to 44 years	7,925	4,025	3,905	6.5	6.7	6.4
45 to 49 years	7,210	3,600	3,615	5.9	6.0	5.9
50 to 54 years	7,605	3,745	3,855	6.3	6.2	6.3
55 to 59 years	9,100	4,560	4,545	7.5	7.6	7.4
60 to 64 years	9,290	4,540	4,755	7.7	7.5	7.8
65 years and over	25,690	11,935	13,760	21.2	19.8	22.5
65 to 69 years	8,070	3,935	4,135	6.7	6.5	6.8
70 to 74 years	6,895	3,290	3,605	5.7	5.5	5.9
75 to 79 years	4,920	2,365	2,555	4.1	3.9	4.2
80 to 84 years	3,025	1,300	1,720	2.5	2.2	2.8
85 years and over	2,780	1,040	1,740	2.3	1.7	2.8
85 to 89 years	1,740	690	1,045	1.4	1.1	1.7
90 to 94 years	835	300	530	0.7	0.5	0.9
95 to 99 years	185	40	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.2	17.8	16.6	17.2	17.8	16.6
15 to 64 years	61.6	62.4	60.9	61.6	62.4	60.9
65 years and over	21.2	19.8	22.5	21.2	19.8	22.5
85 years and over	2.3	1.7	2.8	2.3	1.7	2.8
Average age of the population	43.0	42.1	43.9	43.0	42.1	43.9
Median age of the population	44.0	42.8	44.8	44.0	42.8	44.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	52,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	30,165	...	...	57.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,580	...	...	3.0	...	...
Row house	965	...	...	1.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,170	...	...	4.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	16,225	...	...	30.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	165	...	...	0.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	575	...	...	1.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	880	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	52,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	17,050	...	...	32.3	...	...
2 persons	19,215	...	...	36.4	...	...
3 persons	7,025	...	...	13.3	...	...
4 persons	6,205	...	...	11.8	...	...
5 or more persons	3,225	...	...	6.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	119,035	59,365	59,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	100,415	49,460	50,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	58,995	29,415	29,575	58.8	59.5	58.0
Married	29,585	14,765	14,820	29.5	29.9	29.1
Living common-law	29,405	14,650	14,755	29.3	29.6	29.0
Living common law - Never married	23,580	11,720	11,855	23.5	23.7	23.3
Living common law - Separated	275	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	4,935	2,515	2,420	4.9	5.1	4.7
Living common law - Widowed	615	280	335	0.6	0.6	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	41,425	20,040	21,390	41.3	40.5	42.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	27,395	15,105	12,290	27.3	30.5	24.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,330	610	715	1.3	1.2	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,115	2,900	4,215	7.1	5.9	8.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,585	1,420	4,165	5.6	2.9	8.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	34,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	19,325	...	...	55.8	...	...
3 persons	6,700	...	...	19.4	...	...
4 persons	5,965	...	...	17.2	...	...
5 or more persons	2,620	...	...	7.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	34,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	29,115	...	...	84.1	...	...
Married couples	14,420	...	...	41.7	...	...
With children⁶	5,395	...	...	15.6	...	...
Without children	9,025	...	...	26.1	...	...
Common-law couples	14,700	...	...	42.5	...	...
With children⁶	7,715	...	...	22.3	...	...
Without children	6,985	...	...	20.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,495	...	...	15.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,880	...	...	11.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,610	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	119,035	59,365	59,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	96,625	48,185	48,445	81.2	81.2	81.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	58,235	29,050	29,190	48.9	48.9	48.9
Parents in one-parent families	5,490	1,615	3,880	4.6	2.7	6.5
Children⁶	32,900	17,520	15,375	27.6	29.5	25.8
In a two-parent family	24,510	12,900	11,605	20.6	21.7	19.5
In a one-parent family	8,390	4,620	3,775	7.0	7.8	6.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,410	11,185	11,225	18.8	18.8	18.8
Living alone	17,050	8,335	8,710	14.3	14.0	14.6
Living with other relatives⁷	2,105	955	1,145	1.8	1.6	1.9
Living with non-relatives only	3,255	1,890	1,365	2.7	3.2	2.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	52,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	32,020	...	...	60.7	...	...
Couple-family households	27,345	...	...	51.9	...	...
With children⁶	12,285	...	...	23.3	...	...
Without children	15,055	...	...	28.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,675	...	...	8.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	835	...	...	1.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	175	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,085	...	...	2.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,555	...	...	2.9	...	...
One-person households	17,050	...	...	32.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	98,205	48,670	49,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	96,380	47,805	48,580	98.1	98.2	98.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	46,800	37,600	42,000	46,800	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	96,410	47,820	48,590	98.2	98.3	98.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	40,800	33,600	37,200	40,800	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,900	43,950	42,950	88.5	90.3	86.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	41,600	28,200	34,400	41,600	28,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,675	36,355	33,320	70.9	74.7	67.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	43,200	32,000	37,600	43,200	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,180	37,815	42,365	81.6	77.7	85.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,700	10,200	12,700	11,700	10,200	12,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,825	6,840	5,985	13.1	14.1	12.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,280	5,480	5,480	5,280	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,800	14,755	13,045	28.3	30.3	26.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,500	6,000	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	98,205	48,645	49,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	96,385	47,745	48,640	98.1	98.1	98.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,440	55,250	43,760	49,440	55,250	43,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	96,410	47,745	48,665	98.2	98.1	98.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,920	44,520	37,360	40,920	44,520	37,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,770	43,910	42,860	88.4	90.3	86.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	50,000	36,280	43,200	50,000	36,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,675	36,450	33,225	70.9	74.9	67.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,360	49,320	38,920	44,360	49,320	38,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,965	37,570	42,390	81.4	77.2	85.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,710	11,780	13,540	12,710	11,780	13,540
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,755	6,975	5,780	13.0	14.3	11.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,760	5,945	7,760	6,760	5,945	7,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,180	15,110	13,070	28.7	31.1	26.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,480	7,110	7,900	7,480	7,110	7,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	98,205	48,650	49,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	34,130	18,480	15,650	34.8	38.0	31.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,400	61,600	51,200	56,400	61,600	51,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,350	68,600	57,200	63,350	68,600	57,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,990	13,870	14,120	28.5	28.5	28.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,400	25,800	18,000	21,400	25,800	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,320	34,000	24,740	29,320	34,000	24,740
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.6	83.2	73.0	78.6	83.2	73.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.8	68.2	60.7	64.8	68.2	60.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.3	16.8	27.0	21.3	16.8	27.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.6	2.1	1.8	1.6	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.6	5.9	5.2	4.6	5.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	4.1	4.9	4.4	4.1	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	98,200	48,670	49,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,820	870	955	1.9	1.8	1.9
With total income	96,385	47,805	48,575	98.2	98.2	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,620	2,430	3,190	5.8	5.1	6.6
$10,000 to $19,999	11,035	4,290	6,745	11.4	9.0	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	15,755	6,905	8,855	16.3	14.4	18.2
$30,000 to $39,999	13,090	5,825	7,260	13.6	12.2	14.9
$40,000 to $49,999	12,755	6,205	6,550	13.2	13.0	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	10,580	5,480	5,095	11.0	11.5	10.5
$60,000 to $69,999	7,805	4,415	3,390	8.1	9.2	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	5,740	3,495	2,240	6.0	7.3	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	4,425	2,590	1,840	4.6	5.4	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,790	1,635	1,160	2.9	3.4	2.4
$100,000 and over	6,790	4,540	2,245	7.0	9.5	4.6
$100,000 to $149,999	5,050	3,305	1,745	5.2	6.9	3.6
$150,000 and over	1,735	1,235	500	1.8	2.6	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	98,200	48,670	49,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,795	850	945	1.8	1.7	1.9
With after-tax income	96,410	47,815	48,590	98.2	98.2	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,040	2,545	3,500	6.3	5.3	7.2
$10,000 to $19,999	11,695	4,635	7,065	12.1	9.7	14.5
$20,000 to $29,999	18,460	8,110	10,345	19.1	17.0	21.3
$30,000 to $39,999	16,935	8,075	8,865	17.6	16.9	18.2
$40,000 to $49,999	15,095	7,895	7,195	15.7	16.5	14.8
$50,000 to $59,999	10,695	6,015	4,675	11.1	12.6	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	7,170	4,170	3,000	7.4	8.7	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,235	2,420	1,815	4.4	5.1	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,315	1,405	910	2.4	2.9	1.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,325	845	475	1.4	1.8	1.0
$100,000 and over	2,435	1,700	735	2.5	3.6	1.5
$100,000 to $124,999	1,375	945	425	1.4	2.0	0.9
$125,000 and over	1,065	755	305	1.1	1.6	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	98,200	48,670	49,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	28,530	12,315	16,215	29.1	25.3	32.7
With employment income	69,675	36,355	33,320	71.0	74.7	67.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,110	4,170	3,940	11.6	11.5	11.8
$5,000 to $9,999	5,165	2,195	2,975	7.4	6.0	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	8,285	3,595	4,685	11.9	9.9	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	7,335	3,195	4,140	10.5	8.8	12.4
$30,000 to $39,999	7,700	3,700	4,000	11.1	10.2	12.0
$40,000 to $49,999	7,555	3,900	3,655	10.8	10.7	11.0
$50,000 to $59,999	6,290	3,545	2,750	9.0	9.8	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	5,135	3,120	2,010	7.4	8.6	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,955	2,425	1,530	5.7	6.7	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	3,245	1,885	1,355	4.7	5.2	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,960	1,220	740	2.8	3.4	2.2
$100,000 and over	4,935	3,405	1,530	7.1	9.4	4.6
$100,000 to $124,999	2,740	1,815	930	3.9	5.0	2.8
$125,000 and over	2,195	1,590	605	3.2	4.4	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	98,205	48,670	49,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	94,970	47,055	47,915	96.7	96.7	96.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	45,600	34,800	40,000	45,600	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	95,035	47,060	47,975	96.8	96.7	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	39,600	31,200	35,200	39,600	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,945	43,475	42,470	87.5	89.3	85.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	43,200	29,600	36,000	43,200	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,025	36,450	33,570	71.3	74.9	67.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,400	32,800	38,400	44,400	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	72,460	33,270	39,190	73.8	68.4	79.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,700	7,100	9,800	8,700	7,100	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	11,670	6,320	5,345	11.9	13.0	10.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,560	4,360	4,920	4,560	4,360	4,920
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	98,205	48,645	49,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	94,955	47,020	47,935	96.7	96.7	96.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,280	53,600	41,040	47,280	53,600	41,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	95,030	47,020	48,010	96.8	96.7	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,040	43,280	34,920	39,040	43,280	34,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,755	43,455	42,300	87.3	89.3	85.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,880	51,080	36,440	43,880	51,080	36,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,010	36,635	33,370	71.3	75.3	67.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,720	50,200	38,680	44,720	50,200	38,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	72,380	33,170	39,215	73.7	68.2	79.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,030	9,080	10,830	10,030	9,080	10,830
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,540	6,440	5,100	11.8	13.2	10.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,540	5,375	8,000	6,540	5,375	8,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	98,205	48,650	49,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	34,020	18,455	15,570	34.6	37.9	31.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	60,000	47,600	53,600	60,000	47,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,600	66,800	53,200	60,600	66,800	53,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,595	13,220	13,380	27.1	27.2	27.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,800	32,000	23,400	26,800	32,000	23,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,880	39,120	28,720	33,880	39,120	28,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.8	88.0	78.4	83.8	88.0	78.4
Employment income (%)	69.8	73.0	65.6	69.8	73.0	65.6
Government transfers (%)	16.2	11.9	21.6	16.2	11.9	21.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.4	2.1	1.7	1.4	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	52,720	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	17,050	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	35,675	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	52,720	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,400	...	...	90,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,800	...	...	74,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	17,030	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,240	...	...	45,240	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,320	...	...	38,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	35,695	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,200	...	...	92,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	52,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	255	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	225	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	640	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	980	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,905	...	...	5.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,945	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,845	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,425	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,440	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,270	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,440	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,955	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,640	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,440	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,085	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,225	...	...	34.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,250	...	...	11.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,420	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,725	...	...	9.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,835	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	52,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	315	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	240	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	655	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,045	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,085	...	...	5.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,395	...	...	4.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,425	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,925	...	...	5.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,885	...	...	5.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,750	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,120	...	...	9.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,590	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,235	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,795	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,340	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,910	...	...	24.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,905	...	...	11.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,495	...	...	6.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,510	...	...	6.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	34,510	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,210	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,180	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	132,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,295	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	20,310	10,230	10,080	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	41,200	34,400	37,600	41,200	34,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	36,000	31,200	33,600	36,000	31,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	34,580	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,200	...	...	112,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,200	...	...	92,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,240	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,100	...	...	79,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,225	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	146,200	...	...	146,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,400	...	...	118,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,255	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,600	...	...	74,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,800	...	...	64,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	20,210	10,070	10,140	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	47,400	40,600	44,000	47,400	40,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,360	39,400	35,320	37,360	39,400	35,320
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	119,040	59,370	59,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,450	12,550	11,900	20.5	21.1	19.9
0 to 5 years	7,675	3,940	3,735	6.4	6.6	6.3
18 to 64 years	70,785	35,480	35,305	59.5	59.8	59.2
65 years and over	23,805	11,335	12,460	20.0	19.1	20.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,450	5,205	6,240	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,735	885	855	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	530	270	270	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,230	2,560	2,670	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,480	1,760	2,715	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.6	8.8	10.5	9.6	8.8	10.5
0 to 17 years (%)	7.1	7.0	7.2	7.1	7.0	7.2
0 to 5 years (%)	7.0	6.8	7.1	7.0	6.8	7.1
18 to 64 years (%)	7.4	7.2	7.6	7.4	7.2	7.6
65 years and over (%)	18.8	15.5	21.8	18.8	15.5	21.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	119,035	59,365	59,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,450	12,550	11,900	20.5	21.1	19.9
0 to 5 years	7,675	3,940	3,735	6.4	6.6	6.3
18 to 64 years	70,785	35,480	35,305	59.5	59.8	59.2
65 years and over	23,805	11,340	12,465	20.0	19.1	20.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,230	1,690	1,535	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	400	220	185	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	100	60	40	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,460	1,335	1,130	...	...	...
65 years and over	370	145	220	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.7	2.9	2.6	2.7	2.9	2.6
0 to 17 years (%)	1.6	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.7	1.5
0 to 5 years (%)	1.3	1.5	1.1	1.3	1.5	1.1
18 to 64 years (%)	3.5	3.8	3.2	3.5	3.8	3.2
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.3	1.8	1.5	1.3	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	119,040	59,370	59,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	65,440	31,910	33,530	55.0	53.7	56.2
In bottom decile	9,575	4,480	5,095	8.0	7.5	8.5
In second decile	12,680	5,930	6,750	10.7	10.0	11.3
In third decile	13,960	6,840	7,120	11.7	11.5	11.9
In fourth decile	14,490	7,215	7,270	12.2	12.2	12.2
In fifth decile	14,740	7,440	7,295	12.4	12.5	12.2
In top half of the distribution	53,595	27,455	26,135	45.0	46.2	43.8
In sixth decile	13,925	7,145	6,785	11.7	12.0	11.4
In seventh decile	13,355	6,865	6,495	11.2	11.6	10.9
In eighth decile	11,275	5,730	5,540	9.5	9.7	9.3
In ninth decile	9,300	4,760	4,545	7.8	8.0	7.6
In top decile	5,735	2,955	2,780	4.8	5.0	4.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	119,035	...	...	119,035	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.290	...	...	0.290	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.417	...	...	0.417	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.249	...	...	0.249	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	120,200	59,825	60,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	995	525	465	0.8	0.9	0.8
French only	67,455	31,495	35,960	56.1	52.6	59.6
English and French	51,555	27,710	23,840	42.9	46.3	39.5
Neither English nor French	200	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	120,200	59,825	60,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	4,515	2,330	2,190	3.8	3.9	3.6
French	114,300	56,790	57,515	95.1	94.9	95.3
English and French	1,200	630	570	1.0	1.1	0.9
Neither English nor French	175	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	120,200	59,825	60,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	117,920	58,650	59,270	98.1	98.0	98.2
Official languages	114,400	56,850	57,550	95.2	95.0	95.3
English	3,680	1,890	1,790	3.1	3.2	3.0
French	110,725	54,960	55,760	92.1	91.9	92.4
Non-official languages	3,520	1,795	1,720	2.9	3.0	2.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,510	1,795	1,715	2.9	3.0	2.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	575	325	250	0.5	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	500	290	210	0.4	0.5	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	490	280	205	0.4	0.5	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,300	1,165	1,130	1.9	1.9	1.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	190	85	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	360	180	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	260	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	200	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,465	750	710	1.2	1.3	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	200	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	285	150	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romanian	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	840	415	425	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,285	1,175	1,105	1.9	2.0	1.8
English and French	1,650	860	785	1.4	1.4	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	395	200	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	120,200	59,825	60,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,485	1,310	1,175	2.1	2.2	1.9
French	107,685	53,345	54,340	89.6	89.2	90.0
Non-official language	790	410	380	0.7	0.7	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	785	415	375	0.7	0.7	0.6
English and French	6,380	3,355	3,030	5.3	5.6	5.0
English and non-official language(s)	230	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	1,540	750	785	1.3	1.3	1.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,055	525	530	0.9	0.9	0.9
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	120,200	59,825	60,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	118,075	58,750	59,325	98.2	98.2	98.3
Official languages	116,600	58,010	58,590	97.0	97.0	97.0
English	3,730	1,930	1,800	3.1	3.2	3.0
French	112,870	56,075	56,795	93.9	93.7	94.1
Non-official languages	1,470	745	725	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,465	740	730	1.2	1.2	1.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	230	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	200	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	965	485	475	0.8	0.8	0.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	60	30	35	0.0	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	630	320	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Spanish	425	215	210	0.4	0.4	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,120	1,070	1,050	1.8	1.8	1.7
English and French	1,470	745	725	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	395	195	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	165	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	120,200	59,825	60,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	112,805	56,005	56,800	93.8	93.6	94.1
English	4,165	2,230	1,940	3.5	3.7	3.2
French	1,455	715	745	1.2	1.2	1.2
Non-official language	1,015	500	510	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,010	500	510	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	145	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	395	195	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	60	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	119,040	59,370	59,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	118,810	59,280	59,535	99.8	99.8	99.8
English	52,250	28,090	24,160	43.9	47.3	40.5
French	117,830	58,790	59,045	99.0	99.0	99.0
Non-official languages	7,495	3,715	3,780	6.3	6.3	6.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,475	3,700	3,775	6.3	6.2	6.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	895	515	380	0.8	0.9	0.6
Berber languages	100	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamazight	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	875	510	370	0.7	0.9	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	860	495	370	0.7	0.8	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	160	95	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	85	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	250	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,605	2,765	2,840	4.7	4.7	4.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	370	155	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	360	150	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	260	110	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	650	340	315	0.5	0.6	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	565	275	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
German	525	255	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	380	190	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	320	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	320	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	240	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,360	2,100	2,255	3.7	3.5	3.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	540	255	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Portuguese	420	220	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Romanian	160	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Spanish	3,360	1,620	1,745	2.8	2.7	2.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	275	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	50	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	75	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	119,040	59,370	59,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,790	915	875	1.5	1.5	1.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,685	845	835	1.4	1.4	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	985	490	490	0.8	0.8	0.8
Métis	645	335	315	0.5	0.6	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	117,250	58,455	58,800	98.5	98.5	98.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	119,040	59,370	59,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	300	130	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	118,735	59,235	59,500	99.7	99.8	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	52,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	33,975	...	...	64.4	...	...
Renter	18,750	...	...	35.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	52,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,585	...	...	8.7	...	...
Not condominium	48,135	...	...	91.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	52,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	205	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	6,190	...	...	11.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	16,605	...	...	31.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	17,885	...	...	33.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,845	...	...	22.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	52,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	16,240	...	...	30.8	...	...
5 rooms	9,460	...	...	17.9	...	...
6 rooms	6,035	...	...	11.4	...	...
7 rooms	5,875	...	...	11.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	15,110	...	...	28.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	52,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	52,500	...	...	99.6	...	...
More than one person per room	225	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	52,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	51,605	...	...	97.9	...	...
Not suitable	1,120	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	52,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	10,660	...	...	20.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,860	...	...	28.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,810	...	...	14.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,340	...	...	12.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,570	...	...	6.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,540	...	...	6.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,700	...	...	5.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,250	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	52,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	49,530	...	...	93.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,195	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	52,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	28,020	...	...	53.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	23,635	...	...	44.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,070	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	52,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,130	...	...	2.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,150	...	...	13.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,965	...	...	17.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,675	...	...	16.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,135	...	...	21.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,345	...	...	17.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,910	...	...	9.3	...	...
85 years and over	1,410	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	52,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	44,800	...	...	85.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,430	...	...	14.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,010	...	...	13.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	52,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,030	...	...	20.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,860	...	...	13.0	...	...
Not suitable only	895	...	...	1.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,555	...	...	4.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	75	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	495	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	145	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	41,690	...	...	79.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	51,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,775	...	...	7.3	...	...
Not in core need	48,035	...	...	92.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	33,625	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.6	...	...	66.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.4	...	...	8.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,130	...	...	1,130	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,181	...	...	1,181	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	340,000	...	...	340,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	363,600	...	...	363,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	18,710	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.7	...	...	24.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	16.7	...	...	16.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	780	...	...	780	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	843	...	...	843	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	119,035	59,370	59,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,015	955	1,065	1.7	1.6	1.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,000	940	1,065	1.7	1.6	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,765	830	935	1.5	1.4	1.6
Métis single ancestry	225	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,595	1,760	1,830	3.0	3.0	3.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,535	1,740	1,795	3.0	2.9	3.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,190	1,575	1,615	2.7	2.7	2.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	305	140	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	113,430	56,660	56,775	95.3	95.4	95.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	119,040	59,370	59,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	117,185	58,480	58,700	98.4	98.5	98.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	24,215	12,520	11,695	20.3	21.1	19.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	92,975	45,965	47,005	78.1	77.4	78.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,850	890	965	1.6	1.5	1.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	119,040	59,370	59,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	113,420	56,500	56,920	95.3	95.2	95.4
Immigrants⁸¹	5,175	2,620	2,555	4.3	4.4	4.3
Before 1980	1,210	675	535	1.0	1.1	0.9
1980 to 1990	505	225	280	0.4	0.4	0.5
1991 to 2000	615	310	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
2001 to 2010	1,205	595	610	1.0	1.0	1.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,645	810	835	1.4	1.4	1.4
2011 to 2015	805	440	370	0.7	0.7	0.6
2016 to 2021	840	375	465	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	435	245	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,175	2,625	2,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	625	315	315	12.1	12.0	12.3
5 to 14 years	1,110	625	490	21.4	23.8	19.2
15 to 24 years	1,005	505	500	19.4	19.2	19.6
25 to 44 years	2,165	1,065	1,100	41.8	40.6	43.1
45 years and over	270	115	155	5.2	4.4	6.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,175	2,625	2,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,030	490	540	19.9	18.7	21.1
Brazil	75	35	35	1.4	1.3	1.4
Colombia	160	80	85	3.1	3.0	3.3
El Salvador	20	10	0	0.4	0.4	0.0
Guyana	15	15	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Haiti	115	70	50	2.2	2.7	2.0
Jamaica	15	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Mexico	90	40	50	1.7	1.5	2.0
Peru	35	20	15	0.7	0.8	0.6
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
United States of America	160	60	100	3.1	2.3	3.9
Other places of birth in Americas	345	155	190	6.7	5.9	7.4
Europe	2,140	1,105	1,035	41.4	42.1	40.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
France	925	480	445	17.9	18.3	17.4
Germany	155	55	95	3.0	2.1	3.7
Greece	25	10	10	0.5	0.4	0.4
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	120	75	45	2.3	2.9	1.8
Netherlands	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Poland	35	20	15	0.7	0.8	0.6
Portugal	145	85	60	2.8	3.2	2.3
Romania	55	30	20	1.1	1.1	0.8
Russian Federation	60	25	30	1.2	1.0	1.2
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	10	20	0.5	0.4	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	25	20	0.8	1.0	0.8
Other places of birth in Europe	520	275	245	10.0	10.5	9.6
Africa	1,155	620	540	22.3	23.6	21.1
Algeria	265	130	130	5.1	5.0	5.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35	25	10	0.7	1.0	0.4
Egypt	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	225	150	80	4.3	5.7	3.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	605	295	305	11.7	11.2	11.9
Asia	845	405	435	16.3	15.4	17.0
Afghanistan	175	90	80	3.4	3.4	3.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	45	35	10	0.9	1.3	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	65	30	30	1.3	1.1	1.2
Turkey	40	25	15	0.8	1.0	0.6
China⁹⁰	85	30	55	1.6	1.1	2.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	0	25	0.5	0.0	1.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	65	0	55	1.3	0.0	2.2
Viet Nam	65	35	25	1.3	1.3	1.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	35	15	20	0.7	0.6	0.8
Pakistan	30	20	10	0.6	0.8	0.4
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	160	80	80	3.1	3.0	3.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	840	375	465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	160	70	85	19.0	18.7	18.3
Brazil	20	15	10	2.4	4.0	2.2
Colombia	25	15	15	3.0	4.0	3.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	25	0	25	3.0	0.0	5.4
United States of America	30	10	20	3.6	2.7	4.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	50	30	25	6.0	8.0	5.4
Europe	225	95	125	26.8	25.3	26.9
France	165	80	80	19.6	21.3	17.2
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	0	10	1.8	0.0	2.2
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	40	15	30	4.8	4.0	6.5
Africa	185	80	110	22.0	21.3	23.7
Algeria	30	10	20	3.6	2.7	4.3
Burundi	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	2.2
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	50	15	35	6.0	4.0	7.5
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	55	25	30	6.5	6.7	6.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	15	15	0	1.8	4.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	15	2.4	2.7	3.2
Asia	270	125	145	32.1	33.3	31.2
Afghanistan	80	50	30	9.5	13.3	6.5
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10	1.8	0.0	2.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	10	15	2.4	2.7	3.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	20	2.4	0.0	4.3
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	45	20	25	5.4	5.3	5.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	10	10	2.4	2.7	2.2
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	119,040	59,370	59,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	6,185	3,085	3,100	5.2	5.2	5.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,185	3,235	2,940	5.2	5.4	4.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	106,670	53,050	53,625	89.6	89.4	89.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,970	1,945	2,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,890	1,045	845	47.6	53.7	41.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	820	545	275	20.7	28.0	13.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,070	500	575	27.0	25.7	28.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,315	510	805	33.1	26.2	39.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	710	355	350	17.9	18.3	17.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	55	30	25	1.4	1.5	1.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,970	1,945	2,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	220	95	120	5.5	4.9	5.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	425	195	230	10.7	10.0	11.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	100	55	45	2.5	2.8	2.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	165	80	80	4.2	4.1	4.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	50	20	30	1.3	1.0	1.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,010	1,495	1,515	75.8	76.9	74.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	119,040	59,370	59,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,320	2,190	2,135	3.6	3.7	3.6
South Asian	175	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	255	60	195	0.2	0.1	0.3
Black	1,410	745	665	1.2	1.3	1.1
Filipino	100	25	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab	740	435	305	0.6	0.7	0.5
Latin American	860	450	410	0.7	0.8	0.7
Southeast Asian	355	185	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Asian	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japanese	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	114,720	57,180	57,535	96.4	96.3	96.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	119,040	59,365	59,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	46,675	22,855	23,820	39.2	38.5	39.9
English	1,915	940	970	1.6	1.6	1.6
Irish	6,675	3,190	3,490	5.6	5.4	5.8
Scottish	2,165	1,045	1,115	1.8	1.8	1.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	27,250	13,820	13,435	22.9	23.3	22.5
German	1,700	870	835	1.4	1.5	1.4
Chinese	290	85	210	0.2	0.1	0.4
Italian	2,705	1,295	1,410	2.3	2.2	2.4
Indian (India)	190	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	355	180	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	420	235	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Polish	560	280	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Québécois	17,870	8,975	8,895	15.0	15.1	14.9
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	315	160	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Filipino	115	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	10,355	5,165	5,190	8.7	8.7	8.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,835	1,480	1,355	2.4	2.5	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,615	1,265	1,350	2.2	2.1	2.3
Métis	595	280	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,355	665	685	1.1	1.1	1.1
Russian	315	185	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Norwegian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	600	295	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
American	790	335	455	0.7	0.6	0.8
Spanish	615	250	360	0.5	0.4	0.6
Swedish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	190	115	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Acadian	1,245	575	670	1.0	1.0	1.1
Pakistani	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	335	165	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	190	130	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	310	195	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Greek	225	130	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romanian	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	200	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,410	700	715	1.2	1.2	1.2
Danish	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	675	310	365	0.6	0.5	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	55	45	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Belgian	1,435	750	685	1.2	1.3	1.1
Haitian	430	210	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	210	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	525	295	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	280	120	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	155	95	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	195	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	325	185	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Czech	25	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	230	80	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
Brazilian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	280	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	35	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	85	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	65	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tunisian	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	290	165	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	110	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	390	195	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moldovan	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	200	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	375	230	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	175	90	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	265	105	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Norman	125	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	160	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	35	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	119,040	59,370	59,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	200	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	82,840	40,095	42,745	69.6	67.5	71.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,385	2,680	2,705	4.5	4.5	4.5
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	355	180	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baptist	430	205	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Catholic	74,445	35,970	38,470	62.5	60.6	64.5
Christian Orthodox	350	195	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	430	195	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	185	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Presbyterian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	925	430	495	0.8	0.7	0.8
Hindu	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	1,380	775	610	1.2	1.3	1.0
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	225	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	34,290	18,230	16,060	28.8	30.7	26.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	117,810	58,695	59,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	104,500	52,180	52,320	88.7	88.9	88.5
Movers	13,315	6,515	6,795	11.3	11.1	11.5
Non-migrants	6,760	3,360	3,405	5.7	5.7	5.8
Migrants	6,550	3,155	3,395	5.6	5.4	5.7
Internal migrants	6,365	3,050	3,315	5.4	5.2	5.6
Intraprovincial migrants	6,180	2,975	3,205	5.2	5.1	5.4
Interprovincial migrants	180	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
External migrants	190	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	112,715	56,010	56,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	67,145	33,780	33,365	59.6	60.3	58.8
Movers	45,570	22,230	23,340	40.4	39.7	41.2
Non-migrants	20,525	9,950	10,575	18.2	17.8	18.6
Migrants	25,045	12,275	12,765	22.2	21.9	22.5
Internal migrants	24,035	11,775	12,255	21.3	21.0	21.6
Intraprovincial migrants	23,165	11,345	11,820	20.6	20.3	20.8
Interprovincial migrants	870	435	435	0.8	0.8	0.8
External migrants	1,005	500	510	0.9	0.9	0.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	98,205	48,650	49,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	23,015	12,860	10,155	23.4	26.4	20.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	75,185	35,790	39,400	76.6	73.6	79.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	63,020	31,350	31,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,730	6,610	4,125	17.0	21.1	13.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	52,290	24,740	27,550	83.0	78.9	87.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	98,205	48,645	49,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,235	10,960	9,275	20.6	22.5	18.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,900	11,760	12,145	24.3	24.2	24.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	54,060	25,930	28,130	55.0	53.3	56.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	39,795	20,135	19,660	40.5	41.4	39.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	19,215	11,785	7,430	19.6	24.2	15.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	13,755	7,270	6,485	14.0	14.9	13.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,460	4,515	950	5.6	9.3	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,490	7,265	10,225	17.8	14.9	20.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,090	1,090	2,000	3.1	2.2	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,270	5,800	8,470	14.5	11.9	17.1
Bachelor's degree	10,260	4,010	6,250	10.4	8.2	12.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,230	520	710	1.3	1.1	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	325	160	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Master's degree	2,190	980	1,215	2.2	2.0	2.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	270	135	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	63,025	31,345	31,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,700	5,235	3,465	13.8	16.7	10.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,105	6,800	6,305	20.8	21.7	19.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,220	19,310	21,905	65.4	61.6	69.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,935	14,960	14,975	47.5	47.7	47.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,990	8,985	6,005	23.8	28.7	19.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,765	5,505	5,260	17.1	17.6	16.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,230	3,485	745	6.7	11.1	2.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,910	5,270	7,645	20.5	16.8	24.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,035	705	1,325	3.2	2.2	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,285	4,350	6,930	17.9	13.9	21.9
Bachelor's degree	8,225	3,125	5,100	13.1	10.0	16.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	910	350	560	1.4	1.1	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	235	95	140	0.4	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	1,715	680	1,030	2.7	2.2	3.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	200	95	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	98,205	48,650	49,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	44,140	22,720	21,420	44.9	46.7	43.2
Education	4,135	890	3,245	4.2	1.8	6.5
13. Education	4,135	890	3,245	4.2	1.8	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,815	760	1,055	1.8	1.6	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	320	235	80	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,500	530	970	1.5	1.1	2.0
Humanities	2,455	1,030	1,420	2.5	2.1	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	235	35	200	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,495	655	840	1.5	1.3	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	130	75	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	125	85	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	345	100	245	0.4	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,185	975	3,210	4.3	2.0	6.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	485	155	325	0.5	0.3	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,240	45	1,195	1.3	0.1	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	715	200	515	0.7	0.4	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	110	25	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	685	140	545	0.7	0.3	1.1
45. Social sciences	915	405	510	0.9	0.8	1.0
Business, management and public administration	11,695	3,685	8,005	11.9	7.6	16.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	770	90	680	0.8	0.2	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,915	3,595	7,320	11.1	7.4	14.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,435	700	735	1.5	1.4	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	505	165	335	0.5	0.3	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	225	135	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	310	135	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
40. Physical sciences	260	180	85	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	140	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,605	1,165	445	1.6	2.4	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,440	1,090	350	1.5	2.2	0.7
25. Library science	75	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,325	12,325	1,005	13.6	25.3	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	310	170	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	1,320	1,165	155	1.3	2.4	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,675	2,340	340	2.7	4.8	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,520	3,415	105	3.6	7.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,145	3,030	110	3.2	6.2	0.2
48. Precision production	2,350	2,205	145	2.4	4.5	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,235	750	485	1.3	1.5	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,090	655	435	1.1	1.3	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	145	95	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	7,095	970	6,120	7.2	2.0	12.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	350	155	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,640	765	5,880	6.8	1.6	11.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,080	2,670	2,410	5.2	5.5	4.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,630	635	1,995	2.7	1.3	4.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,165	910	250	1.2	1.9	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,235	1,080	155	1.3	2.2	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	63,020	31,350	31,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,805	12,035	9,765	34.6	38.4	30.8
Education	2,710	505	2,205	4.3	1.6	7.0
13. Education	2,710	505	2,205	4.3	1.6	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,450	585	865	2.3	1.9	2.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	250	175	75	0.4	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,205	415	790	1.9	1.3	2.5
Humanities	1,525	645	880	2.4	2.1	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	185	30	160	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	905	400	505	1.4	1.3	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	85	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	210	65	150	0.3	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,425	775	2,650	5.4	2.5	8.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	415	125	290	0.7	0.4	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,070	40	1,025	1.7	0.1	3.2
22. Legal professions and studies	555	160	400	0.9	0.5	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	530	95	435	0.8	0.3	1.4
45. Social sciences	750	325	430	1.2	1.0	1.4
Business, management and public administration	9,050	2,635	6,420	14.4	8.4	20.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	645	75	565	1.0	0.2	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,405	2,555	5,845	13.3	8.1	18.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	890	420	460	1.4	1.3	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	395	120	280	0.6	0.4	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	150	90	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	210	135	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,370	1,000	375	2.2	3.2	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,250	945	305	2.0	3.0	1.0
25. Library science	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,245	9,335	910	16.3	29.8	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	255	130	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
14. Engineering	1,105	960	150	1.8	3.1	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,980	1,665	315	3.1	5.3	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,775	2,680	90	4.4	8.5	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,325	2,230	100	3.7	7.1	0.3
48. Precision production	1,805	1,675	130	2.9	5.3	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	970	565	410	1.5	1.8	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	855	490	365	1.4	1.6	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	115	75	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	5,530	755	4,775	8.8	2.4	15.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	300	130	170	0.5	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,150	595	4,560	8.2	1.9	14.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,040	2,085	1,960	6.4	6.7	6.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,050	460	1,595	3.3	1.5	5.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	960	740	215	1.5	2.4	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	995	860	135	1.6	2.7	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	63,020	31,350	31,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,805	12,035	9,765	34.6	38.4	30.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	41,220	19,310	21,910	65.4	61.6	69.2
Location of study inside Canada	39,620	18,500	21,125	62.9	59.0	66.7
Same as province or territory of residence	38,810	18,090	20,720	61.6	57.7	65.4
Different than province or territory of residence	810	410	400	1.3	1.3	1.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,600	815	785	2.5	2.6	2.5
Americas	405	180	220	0.6	0.6	0.7
United States of America	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexico	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peru	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	730	385	345	1.2	1.2	1.1
Belgium	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	385	250	135	0.6	0.8	0.4
Germany	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Africa	315	180	135	0.5	0.6	0.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	95	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Morocco	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	50	40	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asia	135	50	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	98,205	48,645	49,555	...	...	...
In the labour force	63,510	33,170	30,335	...	...	...
Employed	59,895	31,240	28,655	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,620	1,930	1,685	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	34,690	15,475	19,215	...	...	...
Participation rate	64.7	68.2	61.2	64.7	68.2	61.2
Employment rate	61.0	64.2	57.8	61.0	64.2	57.8
Unemployment rate	5.7	5.8	5.6	5.7	5.8	5.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	98,205	48,650	49,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	34,110	14,965	19,145	34.7	30.8	38.6
Worked	64,095	33,685	30,405	65.3	69.2	61.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	34,940	19,060	15,875	35.6	39.2	32.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	29,150	14,620	14,530	29.7	30.1	29.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.9	41.7	42.4	42.9	41.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	63,510	33,175	30,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	945	460	490	1.5	1.4	1.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	62,570	32,720	29,850	98.5	98.6	98.4
Employee	55,215	28,285	26,925	86.9	85.3	88.7
Permanent position	48,070	24,980	23,090	75.7	75.3	76.1
Temporary position	7,145	3,305	3,835	11.3	10.0	12.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,280	950	1,330	3.6	2.9	4.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,860	2,355	2,505	7.7	7.1	8.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,355	4,430	2,930	11.6	13.4	9.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	63,510	33,175	30,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	945	460	490	1.5	1.4	1.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	62,570	32,720	29,850	98.5	98.6	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,020	755	265	1.6	2.3	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,285	2,970	7,310	16.2	9.0	24.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,170	3,180	990	6.6	9.6	3.3
3 Health occupations	5,090	695	4,395	8.0	2.1	14.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,730	2,225	5,505	12.2	6.7	18.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,430	690	745	2.3	2.1	2.5
6 Sales and service occupations	14,960	6,705	8,260	23.6	20.2	27.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,120	11,980	1,140	20.7	36.1	3.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,520	1,160	360	2.4	3.5	1.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,240	2,350	890	5.1	7.1	2.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	63,510	33,175	30,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	945	460	490	1.5	1.4	1.6
All industries¹⁹¹	62,570	32,720	29,850	98.5	98.6	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,385	920	470	2.2	2.8	1.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	175	160	10	0.3	0.5	0.0
22 Utilities	370	265	105	0.6	0.8	0.3
23 Construction	6,010	5,215	795	9.5	15.7	2.6
31-33 Manufacturing	7,790	5,585	2,210	12.3	16.8	7.3
41 Wholesale trade	1,880	1,365	515	3.0	4.1	1.7
44-45 Retail trade	7,650	3,710	3,935	12.0	11.2	13.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,355	2,440	915	5.3	7.4	3.0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,015	635	375	1.6	1.9	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	2,145	735	1,410	3.4	2.2	4.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	875	455	415	1.4	1.4	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,720	1,845	1,870	5.9	5.6	6.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,415	1,425	985	3.8	4.3	3.2
61 Educational services	4,330	1,170	3,160	6.8	3.5	10.4
62 Health care and social assistance	8,820	1,290	7,530	13.9	3.9	24.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	780	435	350	1.2	1.3	1.2
72 Accommodation and food services	3,005	1,360	1,645	4.7	4.1	5.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,815	1,385	1,430	4.4	4.2	4.7
91 Public administration	3,955	2,265	1,690	6.2	6.8	5.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	67,535	35,325	32,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,145	670	470	1.7	1.9	1.5
French	51,840	26,600	25,245	76.8	75.3	78.4
Non-official language	95	60	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	95	60	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and French	13,960	7,750	6,210	20.7	21.9	19.3
English and non-official language(s)	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	195	110	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	260	125	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	67,535	35,325	32,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	65,345	34,115	31,230	96.8	96.6	97.0
Official languages	65,220	34,045	31,180	96.6	96.4	96.8
English	3,120	1,815	1,310	4.6	5.1	4.1
French	62,100	32,225	29,870	92.0	91.2	92.7
Non-official languages	130	75	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	130	75	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,185	1,205	980	3.2	3.4	3.0
English and French	2,075	1,160	910	3.1	3.3	2.8
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	67,535	35,325	32,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	55,195	28,500	26,695	81.7	80.7	82.9
English	10,020	5,490	4,525	14.8	15.5	14.0
French	1,930	1,125	805	2.9	3.2	2.5
Non-official language	200	110	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	200	110	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	59,895	31,240	28,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,710	4,460	5,250	16.2	14.3	18.3
Worked outside Canada	135	105	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	7,355	5,705	1,655	12.3	18.3	5.8
Usual place of work	42,695	20,970	21,720	71.3	67.1	75.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	42,695	20,965	21,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	22,655	10,240	12,420	53.1	48.8	57.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,245	1,965	2,280	9.9	9.4	10.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15,700	8,685	7,020	36.8	41.4	32.3
Commute to a different province or territory	90	80	10	0.2	0.4	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	50,050	26,675	23,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	46,180	24,855	21,320	92.3	93.2	91.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	43,785	23,750	20,040	87.5	89.0	85.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,395	1,110	1,285	4.8	4.2	5.5
Public transit	1,275	490	780	2.5	1.8	3.3
Walked	1,705	790	910	3.4	3.0	3.9
Bicycle	390	265	125	0.8	1.0	0.5
Other method	510	270	240	1.0	1.0	1.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	50,050	26,675	23,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	18,225	8,420	9,805	36.4	31.6	41.9
15 to 29 minutes	14,365	7,210	7,150	28.7	27.0	30.6
30 to 44 minutes	9,995	6,230	3,765	20.0	23.4	16.1
45 to 59 minutes	4,535	2,920	1,615	9.1	10.9	6.9
60 minutes and over	2,930	1,890	1,040	5.9	7.1	4.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	50,050	26,675	23,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,060	3,950	1,110	10.1	14.8	4.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,735	6,440	3,285	19.5	24.1	14.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,810	6,985	7,825	29.6	26.2	33.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,355	3,185	5,170	16.7	11.9	22.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,315	1,625	2,685	8.6	6.1	11.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,775	4,480	3,295	15.5	16.8	14.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	24,850	12,760	12,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,180	1,635	1,550	12.8	12.8	12.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,670	11,125	10,545	87.2	87.2	87.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	18,050	9,270	8,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,395	1,210	1,185	13.3	13.1	13.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,715	845	875	9.5	9.1	10.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	675	360	310	3.7	3.9	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,660	8,060	7,600	86.8	86.9	86.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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