Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Laurier--Sainte-MarieMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	116,932	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	111,835	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	73,271	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	65,831	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	11,286.1	...	...	11,286.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	10.36	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	116,930	62,515	54,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	10,995	5,630	5,365	9.4	9.0	9.9
0 to 4 years	4,055	2,075	1,980	3.5	3.3	3.6
5 to 9 years	3,695	1,915	1,785	3.2	3.1	3.3
10 to 14 years	3,250	1,645	1,605	2.8	2.6	2.9
15 to 64 years	91,300	49,465	41,840	78.1	79.1	76.9
15 to 19 years	3,810	1,875	1,935	3.3	3.0	3.6
20 to 24 years	11,375	5,490	5,885	9.7	8.8	10.8
25 to 29 years	17,220	8,915	8,305	14.7	14.3	15.3
30 to 34 years	14,905	8,125	6,780	12.7	13.0	12.5
35 to 39 years	10,940	5,995	4,945	9.4	9.6	9.1
40 to 44 years	8,805	4,895	3,915	7.5	7.8	7.2
45 to 49 years	6,555	3,725	2,830	5.6	6.0	5.2
50 to 54 years	5,825	3,400	2,425	5.0	5.4	4.5
55 to 59 years	6,175	3,730	2,445	5.3	6.0	4.5
60 to 64 years	5,685	3,320	2,360	4.9	5.3	4.3
65 years and over	14,635	7,415	7,220	12.5	11.9	13.3
65 to 69 years	4,780	2,695	2,085	4.1	4.3	3.8
70 to 74 years	3,980	2,085	1,890	3.4	3.3	3.5
75 to 79 years	2,605	1,330	1,270	2.2	2.1	2.3
80 to 84 years	1,580	715	860	1.4	1.1	1.6
85 years and over	1,690	580	1,110	1.4	0.9	2.0
85 to 89 years	1,015	370	640	0.9	0.6	1.2
90 to 94 years	515	165	345	0.4	0.3	0.6
95 to 99 years	145	40	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	9.4	9.0	9.9	9.4	9.0	9.9
15 to 64 years	78.1	79.1	76.9	78.1	79.1	76.9
65 years and over	12.5	11.9	13.3	12.5	11.9	13.3
85 years and over	1.4	0.9	2.0	1.4	0.9	2.0
Average age of the population	39.0	39.4	38.6	39.0	39.4	38.6
Median age of the population	35.2	36.0	34.0	35.2	36.0	34.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	65,830	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	90	...	...	0.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
Row house	975	...	...	1.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,320	...	...	5.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	47,690	...	...	72.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	13,395	...	...	20.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	290	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	65,830	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	35,375	...	...	53.7	...	...
2 persons	19,805	...	...	30.1	...	...
3 persons	5,910	...	...	9.0	...	...
4 persons	3,465	...	...	5.3	...	...
5 or more persons	1,275	...	...	1.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	113,405	60,510	52,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	105,935	56,880	49,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	42,115	22,280	19,835	39.8	39.2	40.4
Married	16,940	8,840	8,100	16.0	15.5	16.5
Living common-law	25,170	13,435	11,730	23.8	23.6	23.9
Living common law - Never married	22,930	12,200	10,735	21.6	21.4	21.9
Living common law - Separated	200	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	1,955	1,085	865	1.8	1.9	1.8
Living common law - Widowed	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	63,820	34,600	29,220	60.2	60.8	59.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	53,035	30,245	22,790	50.1	53.2	46.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,735	840	895	1.6	1.5	1.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,690	2,915	3,780	6.3	5.1	7.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,365	610	1,750	2.2	1.1	3.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	24,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,200	...	...	67.3	...	...
3 persons	4,120	...	...	17.1	...	...
4 persons	2,830	...	...	11.8	...	...
5 or more persons	915	...	...	3.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	24,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	20,430	...	...	84.9	...	...
Married couples	7,850	...	...	32.6	...	...
With children⁶	3,735	...	...	15.5	...	...
Without children	4,105	...	...	17.1	...	...
Common-law couples	12,580	...	...	52.3	...	...
With children⁶	2,940	...	...	12.2	...	...
Without children	9,640	...	...	40.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,645	...	...	15.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,785	...	...	11.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	855	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	113,405	60,505	52,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	60,935	30,970	29,970	53.7	51.2	56.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	40,855	21,550	19,300	36.0	35.6	36.5
Parents in one-parent families	3,640	860	2,785	3.2	1.4	5.3
Children⁶	16,440	8,560	7,880	14.5	14.1	14.9
In a two-parent family	11,180	5,775	5,410	9.9	9.5	10.2
In a one-parent family	5,260	2,785	2,475	4.6	4.6	4.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	52,470	29,540	22,930	46.3	48.8	43.3
Living alone	35,375	19,860	15,515	31.2	32.8	29.3
Living with other relatives⁷	2,125	1,075	1,045	1.9	1.8	2.0
Living with non-relatives only	14,970	8,605	6,365	13.2	14.2	12.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	65,830	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	22,905	...	...	34.8	...	...
Couple-family households	19,575	...	...	29.7	...	...
With children⁶	6,495	...	...	9.9	...	...
Without children	13,085	...	...	19.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,330	...	...	5.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	200	...	...	0.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	55	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	780	...	...	1.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	6,510	...	...	9.9	...	...
One-person households	35,375	...	...	53.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	102,435	54,890	47,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	98,455	52,805	45,645	96.1	96.2	96.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	40,400	36,800	38,400	40,400	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	98,470	52,815	45,655	96.1	96.2	96.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	35,600	33,200	34,400	35,600	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,585	47,600	40,985	86.5	86.7	86.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,000	30,800	34,400	38,000	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,985	42,280	35,705	76.1	77.0	75.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	38,800	31,600	35,200	38,800	31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,745	40,340	38,405	76.9	73.5	80.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,900	8,700	9,100	8,900	8,700	9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,870	5,680	5,190	10.6	10.3	10.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,520	5,520	5,520	5,520	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,085	18,380	15,705	33.3	33.5	33.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,500	8,000	8,500	8,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	102,545	54,840	47,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	98,735	52,810	45,925	96.3	96.3	96.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,150	56,100	47,560	52,150	56,100	47,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	98,760	52,820	45,935	96.3	96.3	96.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,960	44,320	39,240	41,960	44,320	39,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,650	47,590	41,060	86.4	86.8	86.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,840	53,750	43,160	48,840	53,750	43,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,030	42,320	35,715	76.1	77.2	74.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,360	53,300	42,520	48,360	53,300	42,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,010	40,405	38,605	77.0	73.7	80.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,350	10,000	10,710	10,350	10,000	10,710
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,910	5,770	5,135	10.6	10.5	10.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,750	5,910	7,690	6,750	5,910	7,690
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,890	18,435	15,460	33.0	33.6	32.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,340	9,520	9,130	9,340	9,520	9,130
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	102,550	54,845	47,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	35,110	20,115	14,995	34.2	36.7	31.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	69,500	58,800	64,500	69,500	58,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,700	81,500	68,000	75,700	81,500	68,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	36,100	18,425	17,675	35.2	33.6	37.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,600	17,000	16,400	16,600	17,000	16,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,400	29,320	25,380	27,400	29,320	25,380
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.2	86.4	81.0	84.2	86.4	81.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	73.4	76.2	69.6	73.4	76.2	69.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.9	13.6	18.9	15.9	13.6	18.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.8	1.4	1.2	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.7	6.4	7.2	6.7	6.4	7.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.2	5.9	6.5	6.2	5.9	6.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	102,435	54,890	47,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,985	2,085	1,900	3.9	3.8	4.0
With total income	98,450	52,810	45,645	96.1	96.2	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,065	4,035	4,025	8.2	7.6	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	12,075	6,395	5,680	12.3	12.1	12.4
$20,000 to $29,999	17,960	9,175	8,785	18.2	17.4	19.2
$30,000 to $39,999	12,840	6,615	6,225	13.0	12.5	13.6
$40,000 to $49,999	10,360	5,270	5,085	10.5	10.0	11.1
$50,000 to $59,999	8,420	4,295	4,125	8.6	8.1	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	6,225	3,350	2,880	6.3	6.3	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	5,110	2,780	2,330	5.2	5.3	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	4,190	2,425	1,765	4.3	4.6	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	3,070	1,825	1,245	3.1	3.5	2.7
$100,000 and over	10,135	6,640	3,500	10.3	12.6	7.7
$100,000 to $149,999	6,635	4,175	2,455	6.7	7.9	5.4
$150,000 and over	3,505	2,460	1,040	3.6	4.7	2.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	102,435	54,890	47,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,965	2,075	1,890	3.9	3.8	4.0
With after-tax income	98,470	52,815	45,650	96.1	96.2	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,370	4,190	4,175	8.5	7.9	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	12,760	6,775	5,990	13.0	12.8	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	21,115	10,915	10,205	21.4	20.7	22.4
$30,000 to $39,999	15,260	7,905	7,360	15.5	15.0	16.1
$40,000 to $49,999	12,280	6,310	5,970	12.5	11.9	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	8,825	4,730	4,095	9.0	9.0	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	6,460	3,610	2,850	6.6	6.8	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,345	2,525	1,820	4.4	4.8	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,670	1,645	1,030	2.7	3.1	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,900	1,180	720	1.9	2.2	1.6
$100,000 and over	4,475	3,030	1,440	4.5	5.7	3.2
$100,000 to $124,999	2,245	1,455	790	2.3	2.8	1.7
$125,000 and over	2,230	1,580	650	2.3	3.0	1.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	102,435	54,890	47,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	24,450	12,610	11,840	23.9	23.0	24.9
With employment income	77,985	42,280	35,705	76.1	77.0	75.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,520	5,420	5,100	13.5	12.8	14.3
$5,000 to $9,999	7,390	3,650	3,740	9.5	8.6	10.5
$10,000 to $19,999	10,290	5,380	4,905	13.2	12.7	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	7,225	3,685	3,540	9.3	8.7	9.9
$30,000 to $39,999	6,725	3,430	3,290	8.6	8.1	9.2
$40,000 to $49,999	6,520	3,320	3,200	8.4	7.9	9.0
$50,000 to $59,999	5,755	3,030	2,725	7.4	7.2	7.6
$60,000 to $69,999	4,855	2,705	2,145	6.2	6.4	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,095	2,275	1,815	5.3	5.4	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,550	2,100	1,450	4.6	5.0	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,505	1,560	940	3.2	3.7	2.6
$100,000 and over	8,570	5,720	2,855	11.0	13.5	8.0
$100,000 to $124,999	3,840	2,460	1,380	4.9	5.8	3.9
$125,000 and over	4,730	3,255	1,475	6.1	7.7	4.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	102,435	54,890	47,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	95,320	51,100	44,215	93.1	93.1	93.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	36,000	31,600	34,000	36,000	31,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	95,335	51,110	44,230	93.1	93.1	93.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600	32,000	29,200	30,600	32,000	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,675	45,990	39,685	83.6	83.8	83.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	37,600	30,400	34,000	37,600	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,215	40,750	34,465	73.4	74.2	72.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,400	31,200	34,800	38,400	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,485	35,725	34,760	68.8	65.1	73.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,940	1,740	2,160	1,940	1,740	2,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,265	3,160	3,105	6.1	5.8	6.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,280	4,640	6,240	5,280	4,640	6,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	102,545	54,840	47,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	95,575	51,155	44,420	93.2	93.3	93.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,840	50,560	42,520	46,840	50,560	42,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	95,590	51,155	44,435	93.2	93.3	93.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,920	40,240	35,200	37,920	40,240	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,515	45,920	39,595	83.4	83.7	83.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,240	52,050	41,680	47,240	52,050	41,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,915	40,600	34,310	73.1	74.0	71.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,120	51,750	41,600	47,120	51,750	41,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,960	35,870	35,090	69.2	65.4	73.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,135	5,495	6,790	6,135	5,495	6,790
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,305	3,205	3,100	6.1	5.8	6.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,810	5,985	9,700	7,810	5,985	9,700
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	102,550	54,845	47,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	34,145	19,565	14,575	33.3	35.7	30.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	61,600	51,600	56,800	61,600	51,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,600	72,900	60,500	67,600	72,900	60,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	32,775	16,675	16,100	32.0	30.4	33.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,400	22,400	20,400	21,400	22,400	20,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,040	34,680	29,320	32,040	34,680	29,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.2	92.4	87.4	90.2	92.4	87.4
Employment income (%)	78.8	81.2	75.6	78.8	81.2	75.6
Government transfers (%)	9.7	7.6	12.6	9.7	7.6	12.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.7	1.6	1.1	0.7	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	65,830	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...	57,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...	50,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	35,375	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,455	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	65,920	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,100	...	...	78,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,850	...	...	62,850	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	35,375	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,600	...	...	49,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,240	...	...	40,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,545	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,100	...	...	111,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,100	...	...	89,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	65,830	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	2,120	...	...	3.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,205	...	...	1.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,815	...	...	2.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,750	...	...	4.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,160	...	...	7.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,320	...	...	5.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,210	...	...	4.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,145	...	...	4.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,030	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,945	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,385	...	...	8.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,540	...	...	6.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,090	...	...	6.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,680	...	...	5.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,995	...	...	4.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,430	...	...	25.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,565	...	...	8.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,450	...	...	5.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,865	...	...	5.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,545	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	65,830	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	2,235	...	...	3.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,225	...	...	1.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,845	...	...	2.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,960	...	...	4.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,670	...	...	8.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	4,025	...	...	6.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,865	...	...	5.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,885	...	...	5.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,665	...	...	5.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,455	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,115	...	...	9.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,280	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,300	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,465	...	...	5.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,770	...	...	4.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,060	...	...	16.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,740	...	...	7.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,630	...	...	4.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,690	...	...	5.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	24,785	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,545	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,680	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	132,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,585	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	55,600	...	...	55,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	50,345	28,460	21,875	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	34,000	32,400	33,200	34,000	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,200	30,600	29,600	30,200	30,600	29,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	24,860	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,700	...	...	117,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,200	...	...	93,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,525	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,800	...	...	89,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,755	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	157,000	...	...	157,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,505	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,300	...	...	75,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,700	...	...	62,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	50,200	28,265	21,935	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,240	46,240	41,640	44,240	46,240	41,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	37,560	34,920	36,400	37,560	34,920
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	113,405	60,510	52,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	12,645	6,490	6,160	11.2	10.7	11.6
0 to 5 years	4,840	2,480	2,365	4.3	4.1	4.5
18 to 64 years	87,865	47,395	40,470	77.5	78.3	76.5
65 years and over	12,890	6,620	6,265	11.4	10.9	11.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	24,560	13,025	11,535	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,920	985	940	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	615	315	300	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	18,075	9,760	8,315	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,560	2,280	2,275	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	21.7	21.5	21.8	21.7	21.5	21.8
0 to 17 years (%)	15.2	15.2	15.2	15.2	15.2	15.2
0 to 5 years (%)	12.8	12.8	12.7	12.8	12.8	12.7
18 to 64 years (%)	20.6	20.6	20.6	20.6	20.6	20.6
65 years and over (%)	35.4	34.5	36.3	35.4	34.5	36.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	113,405	60,505	52,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	12,650	6,490	6,155	11.2	10.7	11.6
0 to 5 years	4,840	2,480	2,360	4.3	4.1	4.5
18 to 64 years	87,870	47,400	40,470	77.5	78.3	76.5
65 years and over	12,885	6,620	6,270	11.4	10.9	11.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	20,025	10,915	9,105	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,125	550	575	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	370	185	185	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	16,535	9,180	7,355	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,365	1,190	1,175	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	17.7	18.0	17.2	17.7	18.0	17.2
0 to 17 years (%)	8.9	8.5	9.3	8.9	8.5	9.3
0 to 5 years (%)	7.6	7.4	7.8	7.6	7.4	7.8
18 to 64 years (%)	18.8	19.4	18.2	18.8	19.4	18.2
65 years and over (%)	18.4	18.0	18.8	18.4	18.0	18.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	113,405	60,505	52,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	71,070	37,400	33,675	62.7	61.8	63.7
In bottom decile	25,560	13,765	11,795	22.5	22.8	22.3
In second decile	14,075	7,355	6,725	12.4	12.2	12.7
In third decile	11,835	6,160	5,675	10.4	10.2	10.7
In fourth decile	10,350	5,315	5,035	9.1	8.8	9.5
In fifth decile	9,250	4,805	4,440	8.2	7.9	8.4
In top half of the distribution	42,335	23,110	19,225	37.3	38.2	36.3
In sixth decile	8,845	4,705	4,140	7.8	7.8	7.8
In seventh decile	8,465	4,550	3,915	7.5	7.5	7.4
In eighth decile	8,265	4,565	3,700	7.3	7.5	7.0
In ninth decile	8,155	4,460	3,695	7.2	7.4	7.0
In top decile	8,600	4,830	3,770	7.6	8.0	7.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	113,405	...	...	113,405	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.397	...	...	0.397	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.508	...	...	0.508	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.343	...	...	0.343	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	115,425	61,780	53,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	10,085	5,520	4,560	8.7	8.9	8.5
French only	24,545	12,360	12,185	21.3	20.0	22.7
English and French	79,305	43,335	35,970	68.7	70.1	67.1
Neither English nor French	1,485	555	925	1.3	0.9	1.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	115,425	61,780	53,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	22,670	12,205	10,460	19.6	19.8	19.5
French	85,220	45,760	39,460	73.8	74.1	73.6
English and French	6,080	3,265	2,815	5.3	5.3	5.2
Neither English nor French	1,450	545	905	1.3	0.9	1.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	115,425	61,780	53,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	108,980	58,290	50,690	94.4	94.4	94.5
Official languages	87,315	47,210	40,105	75.6	76.4	74.8
English	12,785	7,040	5,740	11.1	11.4	10.7
French	74,530	40,165	34,365	64.6	65.0	64.1
Non-official languages	21,660	11,080	10,580	18.8	17.9	19.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	21,630	11,065	10,565	18.7	17.9	19.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,405	2,115	1,295	2.9	3.4	2.4
Berber languages	200	125	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kabyle	180	115	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamazight	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,170	1,970	1,205	2.7	3.2	2.2
Amharic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	3,060	1,890	1,165	2.7	3.1	2.2
Aramaic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	900	415	485	0.8	0.7	0.9
Khmer (Cambodian)	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	790	360	430	0.7	0.6	0.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	205	90	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	370	185	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian Creole	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	240	135	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,210	6,295	5,915	10.6	10.2	11.0
Albanian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Armenian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	1,525	675	855	1.3	1.1	1.6
Baltic languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,510	670	845	1.3	1.1	1.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	260	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	775	325	445	0.7	0.5	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	195	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	600	310	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	415	210	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
German	395	200	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	2,380	1,295	1,085	2.1	2.1	2.0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,565	865	700	1.4	1.4	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	835	415	415	0.7	0.7	0.8
Gujarati	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	230	140	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	170	100	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	185	115	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	810	435	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	790	415	370	0.7	0.7	0.7
Dari	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	675	355	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,380	3,855	3,520	6.4	6.2	6.6
Catalan	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	530	285	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portuguese	1,435	760	685	1.2	1.2	1.3
Romanian	365	170	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Spanish	4,995	2,625	2,365	4.3	4.2	4.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	155	35	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	245	95	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	370	195	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Luba-Kasai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,090	1,320	1,770	2.7	2.1	3.3
Chinese languages	3,080	1,320	1,765	2.7	2.1	3.3
Hakka	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,670	705	970	1.4	1.1	1.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,185	510	675	1.0	0.8	1.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	225	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	205	85	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Uyghur	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,450	3,490	2,960	5.6	5.6	5.5
English and French	2,635	1,435	1,200	2.3	2.3	2.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,190	635	555	1.0	1.0	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	1,875	1,010	865	1.6	1.6	1.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	515	295	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	230	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	115,425	61,780	53,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	12,235	6,635	5,605	10.6	10.7	10.4
French	66,885	35,825	31,060	57.9	58.0	57.9
Non-official language	5,550	2,625	2,930	4.8	4.2	5.5
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,545	2,620	2,925	4.8	4.2	5.5
English and French	13,685	7,850	5,840	11.9	12.7	10.9
English and non-official language(s)	4,820	2,490	2,330	4.2	4.0	4.3
French and non-official language(s)	5,350	2,665	2,690	4.6	4.3	5.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	6,480	3,510	2,965	5.6	5.7	5.5
Multiple non-official languages	410	175	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	115,425	61,780	53,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	108,155	57,860	50,295	93.7	93.7	93.8
Official languages	97,860	52,860	45,000	84.8	85.6	83.9
English	19,025	10,370	8,650	16.5	16.8	16.1
French	78,840	42,490	36,350	68.3	68.8	67.8
Non-official languages	10,295	4,995	5,295	8.9	8.1	9.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,285	4,995	5,290	8.9	8.1	9.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,170	685	485	1.0	1.1	0.9
Berber languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,105	645	460	1.0	1.0	0.9
Amharic	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,045	615	430	0.9	1.0	0.8
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	485	210	275	0.4	0.3	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	455	200	260	0.4	0.3	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,790	2,885	2,905	5.0	4.7	5.4
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	605	280	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	600	280	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	375	175	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,410	720	695	1.2	1.2	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	940	480	460	0.8	0.8	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	585	285	300	0.5	0.5	0.6
Gujarati	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	470	240	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	460	230	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	405	205	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,580	1,780	1,795	3.1	2.9	3.3
Catalan	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	765	380	390	0.7	0.6	0.7
Romanian	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,520	1,265	1,255	2.2	2.0	2.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,160	925	1,240	1.9	1.5	2.3
Chinese languages	2,155	925	1,235	1.9	1.5	2.3
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,175	515	660	1.0	0.8	1.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	875	365	515	0.8	0.6	1.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	7,270	3,915	3,350	6.3	6.3	6.2
English and French	3,645	2,050	1,595	3.2	3.3	3.0
English and non-official language(s)	1,290	640	650	1.1	1.0	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	1,545	770	775	1.3	1.2	1.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	740	435	305	0.6	0.7	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	115,420	61,780	53,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	90,315	48,155	42,160	78.2	77.9	78.6
English	9,165	5,155	4,005	7.9	8.3	7.5
French	5,055	2,735	2,315	4.4	4.4	4.3
Non-official language	5,615	2,875	2,740	4.9	4.7	5.1
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,605	2,870	2,740	4.9	4.6	5.1
English and French	1,120	590	530	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	2,110	1,180	935	1.8	1.9	1.7
French and non-official language(s)	1,325	715	610	1.1	1.2	1.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	585	300	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	113,570	60,440	53,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	112,085	59,875	52,205	98.7	99.1	98.3
English	88,195	47,985	40,205	77.7	79.4	75.7
French	102,335	54,595	47,740	90.1	90.3	89.9
Non-official languages	41,275	21,065	20,215	36.3	34.9	38.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	70	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	70	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	41,185	21,025	20,160	36.3	34.8	37.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,060	3,520	2,545	5.3	5.8	4.8
Berber languages	365	215	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kabyle	290	160	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamazight	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	60	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hausa	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	5,890	3,440	2,455	5.2	5.7	4.6
Amharic	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	5,580	3,230	2,350	4.9	5.3	4.4
Aramaic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	270	185	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,125	515	615	1.0	0.9	1.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	1,035	470	565	0.9	0.8	1.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	435	175	260	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	120	30	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Merina	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	215	90	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	1,355	715	640	1.2	1.2	1.2
Haitian Creole	805	410	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Jamaican English Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	220	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sango	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	205	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages, n.i.e.	170	95	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dravidian languages	420	220	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kannada	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	195	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	27,860	14,215	13,645	24.5	23.5	25.7
Albanian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	2,155	1,060	1,095	1.9	1.8	2.1
Baltic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,135	1,050	1,085	1.9	1.7	2.0
Belarusian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	400	210	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
Russian	1,220	590	635	1.1	1.0	1.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	260	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bosnian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	145	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	240	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	55	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Irish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,015	1,550	1,465	2.7	2.6	2.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,575	1,355	1,220	2.3	2.2	2.3
German	2,545	1,330	1,210	2.2	2.2	2.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	315	150	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Afrikaans	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	255	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	125	90	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	405	195	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	3,475	1,935	1,540	3.1	3.2	2.9
Indo-Aryan languages	2,510	1,405	1,110	2.2	2.3	2.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,100	570	530	1.0	0.9	1.0
Gujarati	210	135	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hindi	1,050	560	495	0.9	0.9	0.9
Kacchi	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	395	235	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	355	220	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	970	530	435	0.9	0.9	0.8
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	940	505	430	0.8	0.8	0.8
Dari	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian Persian	780	440	340	0.7	0.7	0.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	100	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20,430	10,270	10,165	18.0	17.0	19.1
Catalan	200	125	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italian	2,710	1,450	1,260	2.4	2.4	2.4
Portuguese	2,785	1,495	1,290	2.5	2.5	2.4
Romanian	455	195	260	0.4	0.3	0.5
Spanish	16,845	8,370	8,475	14.8	13.8	16.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	540	280	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Korean	305	130	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	990	545	450	0.9	0.9	0.8
Akan (Twi)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	60	30	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lingala	170	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Luba-Kasai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Shona	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	115	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	200	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	40	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	260	155	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	155	95	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
American Sign Language	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,700	1,595	2,110	3.3	2.6	4.0
Chinese languages	3,700	1,595	2,110	3.3	2.6	4.0
Hakka	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,620	1,130	1,490	2.3	1.9	2.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	140	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,450	545	905	1.3	0.9	1.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	155	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	80	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Thai	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	430	200	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Azerbaijani	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	395	170	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	160	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	113,570	60,440	53,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,430	725	705	1.3	1.2	1.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,375	710	665	1.2	1.2	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	740	380	355	0.7	0.6	0.7
Métis	545	315	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	95	10	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	112,135	59,715	52,425	98.7	98.8	98.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	113,570	60,440	53,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	315	160	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	113,260	60,280	52,980	99.7	99.7	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	65,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	17,590	...	...	26.7	...	...
Renter	48,330	...	...	73.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	65,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	18,395	...	...	27.9	...	...
Not condominium	47,525	...	...	72.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	65,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	3,820	...	...	5.8	...	...
1 bedroom	30,215	...	...	45.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	21,340	...	...	32.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	7,990	...	...	12.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,550	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	65,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	46,675	...	...	70.8	...	...
5 rooms	9,910	...	...	15.0	...	...
6 rooms	5,105	...	...	7.7	...	...
7 rooms	2,425	...	...	3.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,795	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	65,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	65,220	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	700	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	65,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	63,095	...	...	95.7	...	...
Not suitable	2,825	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	65,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	30,815	...	...	46.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	15,065	...	...	22.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,465	...	...	8.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,170	...	...	6.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,950	...	...	3.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,480	...	...	3.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,060	...	...	4.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,925	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	65,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	58,730	...	...	89.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	7,190	...	...	10.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	65,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	42,625	...	...	64.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,815	...	...	31.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,480	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	65,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	5,655	...	...	8.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	19,255	...	...	29.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	13,290	...	...	20.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,570	...	...	13.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,690	...	...	13.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,450	...	...	9.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,060	...	...	4.6	...	...
85 years and over	945	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	64,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	45,750	...	...	70.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	19,170	...	...	29.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	16,210	...	...	25.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	65,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	26,260	...	...	39.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	16,585	...	...	25.2	...	...
Not suitable only	1,925	...	...	2.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	4,915	...	...	7.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	555	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,935	...	...	2.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	250	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	95	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	39,660	...	...	60.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	61,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	7,025	...	...	11.3	...	...
Not in core need	54,930	...	...	88.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,595	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	68.3	...	...	68.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.9	...	...	19.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,460	...	...	1,460	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,618	...	...	1,618	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	574,000	...	...	574,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	48,325	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.1	...	...	11.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.1	...	...	33.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.1	...	...	14.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...	970	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,057	...	...	1,057	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	113,570	60,445	53,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	795	320	470	0.7	0.5	0.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	770	310	460	0.7	0.5	0.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	610	265	345	0.5	0.4	0.6
Métis single ancestry	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	75	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,800	1,360	1,440	2.5	2.2	2.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,770	1,350	1,415	2.4	2.2	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,475	1,225	1,250	2.2	2.0	2.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	285	125	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	109,980	58,760	51,215	96.8	97.2	96.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	113,570	60,445	53,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	87,325	46,260	41,065	76.9	76.5	77.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	11,300	5,700	5,600	9.9	9.4	10.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	76,025	40,565	35,460	66.9	67.1	66.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	26,250	14,180	12,070	23.1	23.5	22.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	113,570	60,445	53,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	69,210	36,855	32,360	60.9	61.0	60.9
Immigrants⁸¹	27,930	14,665	13,265	24.6	24.3	25.0
Before 1980	2,425	1,300	1,130	2.1	2.2	2.1
1980 to 1990	2,330	1,175	1,150	2.1	1.9	2.2
1991 to 2000	4,340	2,170	2,175	3.8	3.6	4.1
2001 to 2010	6,785	3,640	3,145	6.0	6.0	5.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	12,045	6,385	5,665	10.6	10.6	10.7
2011 to 2015	4,730	2,500	2,230	4.2	4.1	4.2
2016 to 2021	7,320	3,885	3,430	6.4	6.4	6.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	16,430	8,930	7,505	14.5	14.8	14.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	27,930	14,660	13,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,930	1,105	825	6.9	7.5	6.2
5 to 14 years	3,610	1,935	1,680	12.9	13.2	12.7
15 to 24 years	3,785	1,860	1,920	13.6	12.7	14.5
25 to 44 years	16,530	8,835	7,690	59.2	60.3	58.0
45 years and over	2,070	925	1,145	7.4	6.3	8.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	27,930	14,660	13,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	5,410	2,905	2,510	19.4	19.8	18.9
Brazil	505	275	225	1.8	1.9	1.7
Colombia	600	295	310	2.1	2.0	2.3
El Salvador	170	100	70	0.6	0.7	0.5
Guyana	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	475	220	255	1.7	1.5	1.9
Jamaica	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mexico	745	430	315	2.7	2.9	2.4
Peru	295	160	135	1.1	1.1	1.0
Trinidad and Tobago	55	35	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
United States of America	940	540	405	3.4	3.7	3.1
Other places of birth in Americas	1,560	815	745	5.6	5.6	5.6
Europe	11,620	6,225	5,400	41.6	42.5	40.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	60	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
Croatia	50	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	8,005	4,375	3,625	28.7	29.8	27.3
Germany	225	125	105	0.8	0.9	0.8
Greece	75	40	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hungary	50	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italy	210	115	95	0.8	0.8	0.7
Netherlands	45	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Poland	130	65	60	0.5	0.4	0.5
Portugal	410	205	205	1.5	1.4	1.5
Romania	310	115	200	1.1	0.8	1.5
Russian Federation	325	160	160	1.2	1.1	1.2
Serbia⁸⁶	50	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	225	110	120	0.8	0.8	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	360	220	135	1.3	1.5	1.0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,090	550	540	3.9	3.8	4.1
Africa	4,120	2,285	1,840	14.8	15.6	13.9
Algeria	905	495	415	3.2	3.4	3.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	125	55	70	0.4	0.4	0.5
Egypt	150	95	60	0.5	0.6	0.5
Eritrea	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Morocco	1,010	515	500	3.6	3.5	3.8
Nigeria	60	45	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Somalia	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	55	50	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	1,740	995	740	6.2	6.8	5.6
Asia	6,650	3,175	3,475	23.8	21.7	26.2
Afghanistan	40	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	470	265	210	1.7	1.8	1.6
Iraq	45	35	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Lebanon	515	310	205	1.8	2.1	1.5
Syria⁸⁹	220	115	100	0.8	0.8	0.8
Turkey	150	70	75	0.5	0.5	0.6
China⁹⁰	1,655	645	1,005	5.9	4.4	7.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	235	100	135	0.8	0.7	1.0
Korea, South⁹²	195	80	110	0.7	0.5	0.8
Taiwan	85	30	60	0.3	0.2	0.5
Philippines	160	70	95	0.6	0.5	0.7
Viet Nam	780	340	440	2.8	2.3	3.3
Bangladesh	560	275	280	2.0	1.9	2.1
India	460	245	210	1.6	1.7	1.6
Pakistan	115	85	30	0.4	0.6	0.2
Sri Lanka	80	55	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	880	430	445	3.2	2.9	3.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	120	75	45	0.4	0.5	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	7,315	3,885	3,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	915	510	405	12.5	13.1	11.8
Brazil	125	75	45	1.7	1.9	1.3
Colombia	85	40	45	1.2	1.0	1.3
Haiti	25	15	15	0.3	0.4	0.4
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	65	50	20	0.9	1.3	0.6
United States of America	320	165	155	4.4	4.2	4.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	90	40	45	1.2	1.0	1.3
Other places of birth in Americas	205	125	80	2.8	3.2	2.3
Europe	3,885	2,075	1,810	53.1	53.4	52.7
France	3,290	1,750	1,535	45.0	45.0	44.7
Germany	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	55	25	30	0.8	0.6	0.9
Russian Federation	65	35	30	0.9	0.9	0.9
Ukraine	90	50	40	1.2	1.3	1.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	35	25	0.9	0.9	0.7
Other places of birth in Europe	295	160	130	4.0	4.1	3.8
Africa	1,125	595	535	15.4	15.3	15.6
Algeria	225	110	120	3.1	2.8	3.5
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	45	30	15	0.6	0.8	0.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	10	20	0.3	0.3	0.6
Côte d'Ivoire	35	15	20	0.5	0.4	0.6
Egypt	20	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	245	125	125	3.3	3.2	3.6
Nigeria	30	20	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	270	155	115	3.7	4.0	3.3
Other places of birth in Africa	215	110	100	2.9	2.8	2.9
Asia	1,330	675	655	18.2	17.4	19.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	25	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.6
China⁹⁰	290	105	180	4.0	2.7	5.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
India	285	155	130	3.9	4.0	3.8
Iran⁸⁸	135	60	70	1.8	1.5	2.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.6
Lebanon	125	90	30	1.7	2.3	0.9
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	25	25	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Philippines	40	0	35	0.5	0.0	1.0
Saudi Arabia	50	45	10	0.7	1.2	0.3
Sri Lanka	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	95	45	50	1.3	1.2	1.5
Turkey	40	30	10	0.5	0.8	0.3
United Arab Emirates	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Viet Nam	35	20	15	0.5	0.5	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	95	40	50	1.3	1.0	1.5
Oceania and other⁹³	55	30	25	0.8	0.8	0.7
Australia	35	20	20	0.5	0.5	0.6
Other places of birth⁹⁸	20	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	113,570	60,440	53,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	46,295	24,565	21,730	40.8	40.6	40.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	16,590	8,300	8,290	14.6	13.7	15.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	50,685	27,575	23,110	44.6	45.6	43.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	25,500	13,365	12,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	17,175	9,335	7,840	67.4	69.8	64.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	10,590	6,340	4,250	41.5	47.4	35.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	6,590	2,995	3,595	25.8	22.4	29.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	5,625	2,575	3,050	22.1	19.3	25.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,475	1,340	1,140	9.7	10.0	9.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	215	115	105	0.8	0.9	0.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	25,500	13,365	12,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,640	990	650	6.4	7.4	5.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	5,420	2,975	2,440	21.3	22.3	20.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,160	675	495	4.5	5.1	4.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,975	1,675	1,295	11.7	12.5	10.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	100	65	35	0.4	0.5	0.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	14,200	6,985	7,215	55.7	52.3	59.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	113,570	60,440	53,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	27,855	14,230	13,620	24.5	23.5	25.6
South Asian	3,340	1,850	1,485	2.9	3.1	2.8
Chinese	3,875	1,590	2,280	3.4	2.6	4.3
Black	5,670	2,950	2,720	5.0	4.9	5.1
Filipino	310	150	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Arab	4,840	2,805	2,035	4.3	4.6	3.8
Latin American	4,910	2,620	2,295	4.3	4.3	4.3
Southeast Asian	1,890	855	1,035	1.7	1.4	1.9
West Asian	885	460	430	0.8	0.8	0.8
Korean	400	160	245	0.4	0.3	0.5
Japanese	310	145	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	335	145	190	0.3	0.2	0.4
Multiple visible minorities	1,080	500	585	1.0	0.8	1.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	85,715	46,210	39,505	75.5	76.5	74.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	113,570	60,440	53,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	15,490	8,105	7,385	13.6	13.4	13.9
English	3,990	2,115	1,880	3.5	3.5	3.5
Irish	7,485	3,845	3,645	6.6	6.4	6.9
Scottish	4,100	2,110	1,995	3.6	3.5	3.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	39,375	21,500	17,875	34.7	35.6	33.6
German	3,645	1,830	1,815	3.2	3.0	3.4
Chinese	4,180	1,730	2,450	3.7	2.9	4.6
Italian	5,905	3,010	2,890	5.2	5.0	5.4
Indian (India)	1,775	960	815	1.6	1.6	1.5
Ukrainian	985	520	465	0.9	0.9	0.9
Dutch	695	345	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Polish	2,000	1,065	930	1.8	1.8	1.8
Québécois	8,380	4,615	3,760	7.4	7.6	7.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,080	655	425	1.0	1.1	0.8
Filipino	380	185	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
French Canadian	4,550	2,375	2,180	4.0	3.9	4.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,170	1,230	945	1.9	2.0	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,555	785	770	1.4	1.3	1.4
Métis	410	175	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,025	1,635	1,385	2.7	2.7	2.6
Russian	1,160	600	555	1.0	1.0	1.0
Norwegian	300	115	190	0.3	0.2	0.4
Welsh	285	160	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	1,570	820	750	1.4	1.4	1.4
American	1,205	595	615	1.1	1.0	1.2
Spanish	3,425	1,735	1,690	3.0	2.9	3.2
Swedish	375	200	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hungarian	695	365	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Acadian	1,175	580	590	1.0	1.0	1.1
Pakistani	245	135	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,160	630	535	1.0	1.0	1.0
Jewish	1,445	805	640	1.3	1.3	1.2
Punjabi	135	110	25	0.1	0.2	0.0
Vietnamese	1,420	655	765	1.3	1.1	1.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,775	1,050	725	1.6	1.7	1.4
Greek	790	395	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Jamaican	175	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	455	240	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	60	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	440	180	255	0.4	0.3	0.5
Romanian	600	300	305	0.5	0.5	0.6
Lebanese	1,045	590	455	0.9	1.0	0.9
Iranian	750	395	355	0.7	0.7	0.7
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	320	185	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	210	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	345	145	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
Sikh	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	305	180	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Belgian	1,425	690	735	1.3	1.1	1.4
Haitian	1,315	650	660	1.2	1.1	1.2
Hindu	180	115	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mexican	1,515	855	665	1.3	1.4	1.3
Mennonite	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	715	385	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Finnish	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	140	90	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	220	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	430	210	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	275	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Egyptian	380	190	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	740	425	315	0.7	0.7	0.6
Tamil	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	50	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Colombian	865	410	455	0.8	0.7	0.9
Moroccan	1,755	905	845	1.5	1.5	1.6
Czech	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syrian	410	220	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guyanese	85	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afghan	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	310	185	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Serbian	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	290	175	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	500	210	290	0.4	0.3	0.5
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	95	15	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bangladeshi	815	440	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
Algerian	1,475	800	675	1.3	1.3	1.3
Brazilian	860	470	400	0.8	0.8	0.8
Nigerian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	375	200	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slovak	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	185	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Somali	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	150	50	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iraqi	65	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Salvadorean	260	145	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	185	115	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	150	115	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	360	175	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquin	150	90	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
South African	60	55	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Australian	120	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	145	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chilean	510	260	245	0.4	0.4	0.5
Congolese	420	210	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Nova Scotian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	180	90	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Peruvian	415	175	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Yoruba	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	295	130	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Berber	705	360	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Albanian	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Maltese	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	385	235	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
New Brunswicker	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Eritrean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	155	100	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mohawk	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	155	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	875	565	305	0.8	0.9	0.6
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuban	265	140	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	250	110	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	180	85	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latvian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	320	170	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cameroonian	300	130	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Guatemalan	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	150	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Laotian	165	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Franco Ontarian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Argentinian	310	150	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Estonian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	150	50	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dominican	225	80	145	0.2	0.1	0.3
Nepali	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	210	90	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Assyrian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moldovan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	570	260	310	0.5	0.4	0.6
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	225	150	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	175	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Saskatchewanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	255	140	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	160	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tigrinya	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	150	95	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kenyan	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cherokee	45	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	250	145	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sicilian	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azorean	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	155	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
St. Lucian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Beninese	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kashmiri	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	113,570	60,440	53,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,290	540	755	1.1	0.9	1.4
Christian	40,070	20,500	19,565	35.3	33.9	36.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,410	2,285	2,125	3.9	3.8	4.0
Anabaptist	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	385	210	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baptist	170	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Catholic	32,355	16,745	15,620	28.5	27.7	29.4
Christian Orthodox	1,140	485	650	1.0	0.8	1.2
Jehovah's Witness	95	20	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latter Day Saints	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	240	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Presbyterian	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	170	65	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	830	385	445	0.7	0.6	0.8
Hindu	970	535	430	0.9	0.9	0.8
Jewish	1,090	575	510	1.0	1.0	1.0
Muslim	7,365	4,045	3,320	6.5	6.7	6.2
Sikh	200	120	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	905	465	440	0.8	0.8	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	61,680	33,650	28,025	54.3	55.7	52.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	112,770	60,050	52,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	86,440	46,160	40,280	76.7	76.9	76.4
Movers	26,325	13,890	12,435	23.3	23.1	23.6
Non-migrants	18,330	9,755	8,575	16.3	16.2	16.3
Migrants	7,995	4,135	3,860	7.1	6.9	7.3
Internal migrants	4,060	2,020	2,040	3.6	3.4	3.9
Intraprovincial migrants	2,730	1,390	1,340	2.4	2.3	2.5
Interprovincial migrants	1,325	630	700	1.2	1.0	1.3
External migrants	3,940	2,120	1,815	3.5	3.5	3.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	109,535	58,460	51,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	45,090	24,210	20,880	41.2	41.4	40.9
Movers	64,445	34,250	30,195	58.8	58.6	59.1
Non-migrants	30,870	16,715	14,155	28.2	28.6	27.7
Migrants	33,575	17,535	16,040	30.7	30.0	31.4
Internal migrants	15,670	7,995	7,675	14.3	13.7	15.0
Intraprovincial migrants	11,255	5,725	5,530	10.3	9.8	10.8
Interprovincial migrants	4,415	2,270	2,150	4.0	3.9	4.2
External migrants	17,905	9,545	8,365	16.3	16.3	16.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	102,550	54,845	47,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,685	5,360	4,330	9.4	9.8	9.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	92,860	49,485	43,380	90.6	90.2	90.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	74,785	40,885	33,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,690	2,815	1,880	6.3	6.9	5.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	70,095	38,065	32,025	93.7	93.1	94.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	102,545	54,840	47,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,755	4,715	4,035	8.5	8.6	8.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,165	8,655	6,510	14.8	15.8	13.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	78,630	41,470	37,160	76.7	75.6	77.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,155	14,270	10,885	24.5	26.0	22.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,930	3,875	2,055	5.8	7.1	4.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,270	2,655	1,615	4.2	4.8	3.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,660	1,220	440	1.6	2.2	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,985	8,285	6,700	14.6	15.1	14.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,240	2,105	2,130	4.1	3.8	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	53,475	27,205	26,275	52.1	49.6	55.1
Bachelor's degree	26,260	13,115	13,145	25.6	23.9	27.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,770	2,430	2,335	4.7	4.4	4.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,075	500	575	1.0	0.9	1.2
Master's degree	18,135	9,300	8,840	17.7	17.0	18.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	3,240	1,860	1,380	3.2	3.4	2.9
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	74,780	40,880	33,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,040	2,380	1,660	5.4	5.8	4.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,640	4,835	2,810	10.2	11.8	8.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	63,100	33,670	29,430	84.4	82.4	86.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,040	10,485	7,550	24.1	25.6	22.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,480	2,895	1,585	6.0	7.1	4.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,310	2,050	1,260	4.4	5.0	3.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,170	850	325	1.6	2.1	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,425	6,005	4,420	13.9	14.7	13.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,135	1,590	1,550	4.2	3.9	4.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	45,065	23,185	21,875	60.3	56.7	64.5
Bachelor's degree	20,995	10,760	10,240	28.1	26.3	30.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,050	2,070	1,980	5.4	5.1	5.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	900	410	495	1.2	1.0	1.5
Master's degree	16,330	8,400	7,930	21.8	20.5	23.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,790	1,540	1,245	3.7	3.8	3.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	102,550	54,840	47,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,920	13,370	10,550	23.3	24.4	22.1
Education	3,100	955	2,140	3.0	1.7	4.5
13. Education	3,100	955	2,140	3.0	1.7	4.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	9,445	4,900	4,545	9.2	8.9	9.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,030	670	360	1.0	1.2	0.8
50. Visual and performing arts	8,410	4,230	4,185	8.2	7.7	8.8
Humanities	7,330	3,400	3,935	7.1	6.2	8.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	1,475	550	915	1.4	1.0	1.9
23. English language and literature/letters	625	215	405	0.6	0.4	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,270	1,145	1,125	2.2	2.1	2.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	100	20	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	570	380	185	0.6	0.7	0.4
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	85	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	670	365	305	0.7	0.7	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	1,520	635	890	1.5	1.2	1.9
Social and behavioural sciences and law	13,765	5,585	8,185	13.4	10.2	17.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	220	80	145	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	3,590	1,325	2,260	3.5	2.4	4.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	785	175	605	0.8	0.3	1.3
22. Legal professions and studies	2,350	1,025	1,330	2.3	1.9	2.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	580	205	375	0.6	0.4	0.8
42. Psychology	1,645	500	1,145	1.6	0.9	2.4
45. Social sciences	4,600	2,275	2,320	4.5	4.1	4.9
Business, management and public administration	16,125	8,240	7,890	15.7	15.0	16.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	960	310	650	0.9	0.6	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,160	7,925	7,235	14.8	14.5	15.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,370	2,435	1,930	4.3	4.4	4.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,120	990	1,135	2.1	1.8	2.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	575	365	210	0.6	0.7	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	295	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
40. Physical sciences	1,300	885	415	1.3	1.6	0.9
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,455	4,165	1,295	5.3	7.6	2.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,470	3,620	845	4.4	6.6	1.8
25. Library science	260	85	180	0.3	0.2	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	610	390	220	0.6	0.7	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,900	7,805	2,100	9.7	14.2	4.4
04. Architecture and related services	1,470	800	665	1.4	1.5	1.4
14. Engineering	5,375	4,235	1,135	5.2	7.7	2.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,225	1,055	165	1.2	1.9	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	705	670	40	0.7	1.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	540	500	40	0.5	0.9	0.1
48. Precision production	570	530	40	0.6	1.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	995	490	510	1.0	0.9	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	500	270	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	500	220	280	0.5	0.4	0.6
Health and related fields	5,915	2,055	3,860	5.8	3.7	8.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	535	295	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,970	1,545	3,425	4.8	2.8	7.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	395	205	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,200	1,435	770	2.1	2.6	1.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,605	975	630	1.6	1.8	1.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	235	135	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	350	305	40	0.3	0.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	74,785	40,880	33,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,680	7,210	4,470	15.6	17.6	13.2
Education	2,185	640	1,540	2.9	1.6	4.5
13. Education	2,185	640	1,540	2.9	1.6	4.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,700	4,105	3,595	10.3	10.0	10.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	905	585	320	1.2	1.4	0.9
50. Visual and performing arts	6,795	3,520	3,275	9.1	8.6	9.7
Humanities	5,090	2,340	2,750	6.8	5.7	8.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	1,160	450	710	1.6	1.1	2.1
23. English language and literature/letters	455	150	305	0.6	0.4	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,405	745	660	1.9	1.8	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	425	290	135	0.6	0.7	0.4
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	465	245	220	0.6	0.6	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	1,055	410	645	1.4	1.0	1.9
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10,920	4,470	6,450	14.6	10.9	19.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	150	55	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	3,035	1,135	1,895	4.1	2.8	5.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	630	150	485	0.8	0.4	1.4
22. Legal professions and studies	1,890	820	1,075	2.5	2.0	3.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	475	170	305	0.6	0.4	0.9
42. Psychology	1,260	390	865	1.7	1.0	2.6
45. Social sciences	3,475	1,745	1,730	4.6	4.3	5.1
Business, management and public administration	13,705	6,995	6,710	18.3	17.1	19.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	810	250	560	1.1	0.6	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,890	6,745	6,150	17.2	16.5	18.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,250	1,865	1,385	4.3	4.6	4.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,750	860	895	2.3	2.1	2.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	310	205	105	0.4	0.5	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
40. Physical sciences	1,030	720	315	1.4	1.8	0.9
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,625	3,540	1,085	6.2	8.7	3.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,870	3,135	735	5.2	7.7	2.2
25. Library science	195	55	145	0.3	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	465	285	180	0.6	0.7	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,245	6,440	1,805	11.0	15.8	5.3
04. Architecture and related services	1,265	675	590	1.7	1.7	1.7
14. Engineering	4,675	3,710	960	6.3	9.1	2.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	960	815	140	1.3	2.0	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	550	515	35	0.7	1.3	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	400	370	30	0.5	0.9	0.1
48. Precision production	385	350	30	0.5	0.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	865	425	445	1.2	1.0	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	450	240	200	0.6	0.6	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	415	180	235	0.6	0.4	0.7
Health and related fields	4,795	1,720	3,075	6.4	4.2	9.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	450	260	195	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,995	1,290	2,705	5.3	3.2	8.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	340	165	170	0.5	0.4	0.5
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,710	1,130	585	2.3	2.8	1.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,225	765	460	1.6	1.9	1.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	195	105	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	280	245	30	0.4	0.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	74,785	40,880	33,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,680	7,210	4,470	15.6	17.6	13.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	63,105	33,670	29,430	84.4	82.4	86.8
Location of study inside Canada	42,740	22,800	19,940	57.2	55.8	58.8
Same as province or territory of residence	39,360	20,900	18,455	52.6	51.1	54.4
Different than province or territory of residence	3,380	1,895	1,480	4.5	4.6	4.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	20,365	10,875	9,495	27.2	26.6	28.0
Americas	3,445	1,840	1,605	4.6	4.5	4.7
United States of America	1,445	840	600	1.9	2.1	1.8
Mexico	555	285	265	0.7	0.7	0.8
Cuba	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	570	280	290	0.8	0.7	0.9
Colombia	295	140	160	0.4	0.3	0.5
Peru	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	150	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other locations of study in Americas	280	150	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Europe	13,235	7,050	6,185	17.7	17.2	18.2
Belgium	380	200	185	0.5	0.5	0.5
France	10,470	5,645	4,830	14.0	13.8	14.2
Germany	210	110	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Netherlands	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Switzerland	140	85	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hungary	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	60	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romania	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	130	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	845	460	380	1.1	1.1	1.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	125	55	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	520	275	240	0.7	0.7	0.7
Africa	1,380	810	570	1.8	2.0	1.7
Nigeria	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algeria	370	225	145	0.5	0.6	0.4
Morocco	295	165	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tunisia	295	200	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
Egypt	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	300	150	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Asia	2,110	1,080	1,035	2.8	2.6	3.1
Iran⁸⁸	350	175	175	0.5	0.4	0.5
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	190	130	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkey	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	425	205	215	0.6	0.5	0.6
Taiwan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	40	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Japan	90	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	70	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Viet Nam	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	400	225	180	0.5	0.6	0.5
Pakistan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	200	130	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Oceania	190	90	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Australia	160	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	102,545	54,840	47,705	...	...	...
In the labour force	74,915	40,805	34,115	...	...	...
Employed	66,900	36,160	30,740	...	...	...
Unemployed	8,020	4,650	3,375	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	27,630	14,040	13,590	...	...	...
Participation rate	73.1	74.4	71.5	73.1	74.4	71.5
Employment rate	65.2	65.9	64.4	65.2	65.9	64.4
Unemployment rate	10.7	11.4	9.9	10.7	11.4	9.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	102,550	54,840	47,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,275	13,950	13,325	26.6	25.4	27.9
Worked	75,275	40,890	34,385	73.4	74.6	72.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	36,340	20,890	15,450	35.4	38.1	32.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	38,935	20,000	18,930	38.0	36.5	39.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.4	39.9	38.8	39.4	39.9	38.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	74,920	40,800	34,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,715	900	815	2.3	2.2	2.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	73,205	39,905	33,300	97.7	97.8	97.6
Employee	62,690	33,770	28,920	83.7	82.8	84.8
Permanent position	48,755	27,030	21,720	65.1	66.3	63.7
Temporary position	13,935	6,735	7,195	18.6	16.5	21.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	6,525	3,065	3,460	8.7	7.5	10.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,405	3,670	3,735	9.9	9.0	10.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,515	6,135	4,385	14.0	15.0	12.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	74,920	40,800	34,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,715	900	815	2.3	2.2	2.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	73,205	39,905	33,300	97.7	97.8	97.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,225	815	410	1.6	2.0	1.2
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	14,710	6,435	8,270	19.6	15.8	24.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	10,785	8,055	2,735	14.4	19.7	8.0
3 Health occupations	4,495	1,605	2,895	6.0	3.9	8.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	11,575	4,765	6,805	15.4	11.7	19.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	9,545	5,135	4,410	12.7	12.6	12.9
6 Sales and service occupations	15,680	8,840	6,845	20.9	21.7	20.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,805	3,315	490	5.1	8.1	1.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	310	225	80	0.4	0.6	0.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,080	720	355	1.4	1.8	1.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	74,920	40,800	34,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,715	900	815	2.3	2.2	2.4
All industries¹⁹¹	73,205	39,905	33,300	97.7	97.8	97.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	260	160	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	160	100	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
22 Utilities	440	280	160	0.6	0.7	0.5
23 Construction	1,625	1,340	285	2.2	3.3	0.8
31-33 Manufacturing	3,395	2,170	1,220	4.5	5.3	3.6
41 Wholesale trade	1,635	970	660	2.2	2.4	1.9
44-45 Retail trade	6,185	3,295	2,890	8.3	8.1	8.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,985	1,470	515	2.6	3.6	1.5
51 Information and cultural industries	6,095	3,815	2,280	8.1	9.4	6.7
52 Finance and insurance	3,850	2,345	1,500	5.1	5.7	4.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,315	845	470	1.8	2.1	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	13,645	8,115	5,530	18.2	19.9	16.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	125	90	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,660	1,580	1,080	3.6	3.9	3.2
61 Educational services	7,930	3,450	4,480	10.6	8.5	13.1
62 Health care and social assistance	7,645	2,630	5,015	10.2	6.4	14.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	3,265	1,685	1,580	4.4	4.1	4.6
72 Accommodation and food services	4,480	2,605	1,875	6.0	6.4	5.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,265	1,330	1,935	4.4	3.3	5.7
91 Public administration	3,245	1,610	1,635	4.3	3.9	4.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	80,000	43,555	36,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	11,430	6,500	4,930	14.3	14.9	13.5
French	31,260	16,150	15,110	39.1	37.1	41.5
Non-official language	440	235	200	0.6	0.5	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	430	235	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	34,415	19,410	15,010	43.0	44.6	41.2
English and non-official language(s)	530	255	275	0.7	0.6	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	330	150	185	0.4	0.3	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,580	855	730	2.0	2.0	2.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	80,000	43,555	36,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	73,075	39,785	33,290	91.3	91.3	91.3
Official languages	72,270	39,355	32,910	90.3	90.4	90.3
English	20,910	11,985	8,925	26.1	27.5	24.5
French	51,355	27,375	23,985	64.2	62.9	65.8
Non-official languages	805	425	375	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	800	425	375	1.0	1.0	1.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	80	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	80	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	75	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	425	245	180	0.5	0.6	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	325	205	120	0.4	0.5	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	270	175	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	210	90	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	210	90	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	125	60	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,925	3,775	3,155	8.7	8.7	8.7
English and French	6,480	3,530	2,950	8.1	8.1	8.1
English and non-official language(s)	180	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	175	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	80,000	43,555	36,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	49,630	26,445	23,185	62.0	60.7	63.6
English	19,575	10,965	8,610	24.5	25.2	23.6
French	8,975	5,200	3,775	11.2	11.9	10.4
Non-official language	645	300	345	0.8	0.7	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	635	295	340	0.8	0.7	0.9
English and French	95	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	540	285	255	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	415	230	185	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	120	60	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	66,895	36,155	30,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	29,970	16,355	13,615	44.8	45.2	44.3
Worked outside Canada	290	160	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
No fixed workplace address	4,530	3,020	1,510	6.8	8.4	4.9
Usual place of work	32,110	16,630	15,480	48.0	46.0	50.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	32,110	16,630	15,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	27,775	14,015	13,760	86.5	84.3	88.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,085	615	470	3.4	3.7	3.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,110	1,910	1,195	9.7	11.5	7.7
Commute to a different province or territory	150	90	60	0.5	0.5	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	36,635	19,645	16,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	11,340	6,970	4,370	31.0	35.5	25.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	10,480	6,610	3,870	28.6	33.6	22.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	860	355	505	2.3	1.8	3.0
Public transit	12,455	5,890	6,560	34.0	30.0	38.6
Walked	8,075	4,045	4,030	22.0	20.6	23.7
Bicycle	3,950	2,265	1,680	10.8	11.5	9.9
Other method	820	475	345	2.2	2.4	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	36,635	19,645	16,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	6,515	3,655	2,865	17.8	18.6	16.9
15 to 29 minutes	14,365	7,655	6,705	39.2	39.0	39.5
30 to 44 minutes	10,220	5,430	4,790	27.9	27.6	28.2
45 to 59 minutes	3,230	1,610	1,620	8.8	8.2	9.5
60 minutes and over	2,310	1,290	1,020	6.3	6.6	6.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	36,635	19,645	16,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,330	900	430	3.6	4.6	2.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,525	2,120	1,405	9.6	10.8	8.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,350	4,285	4,060	22.8	21.8	23.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	11,075	5,530	5,550	30.2	28.1	32.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,205	3,795	3,410	19.7	19.3	20.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,150	3,015	2,135	14.1	15.3	12.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	12,855	6,585	6,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,180	1,130	1,050	17.0	17.2	16.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,675	5,455	5,220	83.0	82.8	83.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	8,565	4,385	4,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,535	775	755	17.9	17.7	18.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	970	500	470	11.3	11.4	11.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	565	275	285	6.6	6.3	6.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,030	3,610	3,425	82.1	82.3	82.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table