Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Laurentides--LabelleMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	92,895	46,825	46,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11,290	5,835	5,455	12.2	12.5	11.8
0 to 4 years	3,335	1,710	1,630	3.6	3.7	3.5
5 to 9 years	3,840	2,030	1,810	4.1	4.3	3.9
10 to 14 years	4,115	2,095	2,020	4.4	4.5	4.4
15 to 64 years	54,335	27,250	27,085	58.5	58.2	58.8
15 to 19 years	3,500	1,865	1,635	3.8	4.0	3.5
20 to 24 years	3,085	1,595	1,490	3.3	3.4	3.2
25 to 29 years	3,705	1,895	1,810	4.0	4.0	3.9
30 to 34 years	4,195	2,070	2,125	4.5	4.4	4.6
35 to 39 years	4,500	2,235	2,265	4.8	4.8	4.9
40 to 44 years	5,280	2,685	2,590	5.7	5.7	5.6
45 to 49 years	4,880	2,515	2,365	5.3	5.4	5.1
50 to 54 years	5,675	2,845	2,835	6.1	6.1	6.2
55 to 59 years	8,995	4,330	4,665	9.7	9.2	10.1
60 to 64 years	10,525	5,220	5,305	11.3	11.1	11.5
65 years and over	27,270	13,740	13,525	29.4	29.3	29.4
65 to 69 years	9,515	4,855	4,660	10.2	10.4	10.1
70 to 74 years	7,505	3,825	3,680	8.1	8.2	8.0
75 to 79 years	5,175	2,760	2,420	5.6	5.9	5.3
80 to 84 years	2,845	1,415	1,430	3.1	3.0	3.1
85 years and over	2,220	890	1,335	2.4	1.9	2.9
85 to 89 years	1,495	670	825	1.6	1.4	1.8
90 to 94 years	615	195	425	0.7	0.4	0.9
95 to 99 years	95	20	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
100 years and over	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.2	12.5	11.8	12.2	12.5	11.8
15 to 64 years	58.5	58.2	58.8	58.5	58.2	58.8
65 years and over	29.4	29.3	29.4	29.4	29.3	29.4
85 years and over	2.4	1.9	2.9	2.4	1.9	2.9
Average age of the population	49.2	48.9	49.6	49.2	48.9	49.6
Median age of the population	55.2	54.8	55.6	55.2	54.8	55.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	45,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	33,385	...	...	72.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	960	...	...	2.1	...	...
Row house	555	...	...	1.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,160	...	...	9.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,020	...	...	13.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	200	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	485	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	45,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	17,795	...	...	38.8	...	...
2 persons	18,595	...	...	40.6	...	...
3 persons	4,490	...	...	9.8	...	...
4 persons	3,375	...	...	7.4	...	...
5 or more persons	1,590	...	...	3.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	90,655	45,805	44,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	81,610	40,990	40,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	46,995	23,535	23,465	57.6	57.4	57.8
Married	25,425	12,775	12,645	31.2	31.2	31.1
Living common-law	21,575	10,755	10,820	26.4	26.2	26.6
Living common law - Never married	16,245	8,010	8,235	19.9	19.5	20.3
Living common law - Separated	245	130	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	4,510	2,360	2,145	5.5	5.8	5.3
Living common law - Widowed	575	255	325	0.7	0.6	0.8
Not married and not living common-law	34,610	17,460	17,150	42.4	42.6	42.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	21,270	12,035	9,240	26.1	29.4	22.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,220	680	540	1.5	1.7	1.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,960	3,385	3,575	8.5	8.3	8.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,155	1,355	3,795	6.3	3.3	9.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	26,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	18,430	...	...	68.5	...	...
3 persons	4,075	...	...	15.1	...	...
4 persons	3,150	...	...	11.7	...	...
5 or more persons	1,260	...	...	4.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	26,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	23,120	...	...	85.9	...	...
Married couples	12,340	...	...	45.8	...	...
With children⁶	2,735	...	...	10.2	...	...
Without children	9,595	...	...	35.6	...	...
Common-law couples	10,785	...	...	40.1	...	...
With children⁶	4,485	...	...	16.7	...	...
Without children	6,305	...	...	23.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,795	...	...	14.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,610	...	...	9.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,185	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	90,655	45,805	44,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	68,425	34,235	34,195	75.5	74.7	76.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	46,240	23,075	23,165	51.0	50.4	51.6
Parents in one-parent families	3,795	1,185	2,610	4.2	2.6	5.8
Children⁶	18,390	9,970	8,420	20.3	21.8	18.8
In a two-parent family	12,950	7,015	5,940	14.3	15.3	13.2
In a one-parent family	5,435	2,955	2,480	6.0	6.5	5.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,230	11,575	10,660	24.5	25.3	23.8
Living alone	17,795	9,275	8,520	19.6	20.2	19.0
Living with other relatives⁷	1,515	675	840	1.7	1.5	1.9
Living with non-relatives only	2,925	1,625	1,300	3.2	3.5	2.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	45,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	25,265	...	...	55.1	...	...
Couple-family households	22,010	...	...	48.0	...	...
With children⁶	6,820	...	...	14.9	...	...
Without children	15,195	...	...	33.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,250	...	...	7.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	430	...	...	0.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	115	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	840	...	...	1.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,410	...	...	3.1	...	...
One-person households	17,795	...	...	38.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	79,385	39,980	39,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,305	39,465	38,840	98.6	98.7	98.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,000	33,200	36,400	40,000	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,325	39,480	38,845	98.7	98.7	98.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	35,200	30,000	32,800	35,200	30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,235	35,025	33,210	86.0	87.6	84.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,600	31,800	23,800	27,600	31,800	23,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,990	26,320	23,665	63.0	65.8	60.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,000	31,000	25,200	28,000	31,000	25,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,210	33,875	34,340	85.9	84.7	87.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,000	14,000	14,000	14,000	14,000	14,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,460	6,470	4,990	14.4	16.2	12.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640	6,000	5,480	5,640	6,000	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,365	12,000	10,360	28.2	30.0	26.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	6,240	8,000	7,500	6,240	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	79,370	39,990	39,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,210	39,405	38,810	98.5	98.5	98.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,320	50,440	40,080	45,320	50,440	40,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,235	39,420	38,820	98.6	98.6	98.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,800	41,120	34,440	37,800	41,120	34,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,255	35,100	33,155	86.0	87.8	84.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,120	43,520	32,400	38,120	43,520	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,930	26,455	23,475	62.9	66.2	59.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,800	41,360	33,760	37,800	41,360	33,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,440	34,090	34,355	86.2	85.2	87.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,780	13,500	14,040	13,780	13,500	14,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,620	6,725	4,900	14.6	16.8	12.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,780	6,850	6,700	6,780	6,850	6,700
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,340	12,250	10,090	28.1	30.6	25.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,200	7,790	8,700	8,200	7,790	8,700
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	79,370	39,990	39,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,380	10,290	9,095	24.4	25.7	23.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,000	53,600	46,800	50,000	53,600	46,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,850	65,400	53,600	59,850	65,400	53,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,630	12,200	11,430	29.8	30.5	29.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	21,400	16,200	18,800	21,400	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,200	30,440	23,680	27,200	30,440	23,680
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	73.4	76.8	69.0	73.4	76.8	69.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	53.2	55.0	50.9	53.2	55.0	50.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	26.6	23.2	31.0	26.6	23.2	31.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.2	2.3	2.1	2.2	2.3	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.0	5.5	6.7	6.0	5.5	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.2	4.8	5.6	5.2	4.8	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	79,385	39,980	39,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,080	515	565	1.4	1.3	1.4
With total income	78,305	39,465	38,840	98.6	98.7	98.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,765	2,010	2,755	6.1	5.1	7.1
$10,000 to $19,999	10,855	4,495	6,355	13.9	11.4	16.4
$20,000 to $29,999	15,780	7,500	8,285	20.2	19.0	21.3
$30,000 to $39,999	11,865	5,725	6,145	15.2	14.5	15.8
$40,000 to $49,999	10,780	5,645	5,140	13.8	14.3	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	7,735	4,165	3,575	9.9	10.6	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	4,930	2,870	2,060	6.3	7.3	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,345	1,925	1,420	4.3	4.9	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,410	1,400	1,010	3.1	3.5	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,510	845	665	1.9	2.1	1.7
$100,000 and over	4,325	2,895	1,430	5.5	7.3	3.7
$100,000 to $149,999	2,820	1,820	1,010	3.6	4.6	2.6
$150,000 and over	1,500	1,080	420	1.9	2.7	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	79,385	39,980	39,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,065	505	555	1.3	1.3	1.4
With after-tax income	78,325	39,480	38,845	98.7	98.7	98.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,285	2,185	3,100	6.8	5.5	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	11,380	4,785	6,595	14.5	12.1	17.0
$20,000 to $29,999	18,465	8,830	9,640	23.6	22.4	24.8
$30,000 to $39,999	14,730	7,505	7,230	18.8	19.0	18.6
$40,000 to $49,999	11,500	6,215	5,285	14.7	15.7	13.6
$50,000 to $59,999	6,705	3,810	2,890	8.6	9.7	7.5
$60,000 to $69,999	3,955	2,250	1,700	5.0	5.7	4.4
$70,000 to $79,999	2,305	1,260	1,040	2.9	3.2	2.7
$80,000 to $89,999	1,275	795	480	1.6	2.0	1.2
$90,000 to $99,999	785	505	275	1.0	1.3	0.7
$100,000 and over	1,930	1,335	595	2.5	3.4	1.5
$100,000 to $124,999	890	590	300	1.1	1.5	0.8
$125,000 and over	1,045	750	290	1.3	1.9	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	79,385	39,980	39,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	29,400	13,665	15,735	37.0	34.2	39.9
With employment income	49,990	26,320	23,665	63.0	65.8	60.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,125	4,335	3,790	16.3	16.5	16.0
$5,000 to $9,999	4,365	2,005	2,360	8.7	7.6	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	7,220	3,405	3,815	14.5	13.0	16.1
$20,000 to $29,999	6,470	3,100	3,370	12.9	11.8	14.2
$30,000 to $39,999	5,925	3,165	2,755	11.8	12.0	11.6
$40,000 to $49,999	4,770	2,475	2,300	9.5	9.4	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	3,520	2,050	1,475	7.0	7.8	6.2
$60,000 to $69,999	2,520	1,500	1,020	5.0	5.7	4.3
$70,000 to $79,999	1,840	1,030	805	3.7	3.9	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,540	825	715	3.1	3.1	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	880	515	365	1.8	2.0	1.5
$100,000 and over	2,810	1,910	900	5.6	7.3	3.8
$100,000 to $124,999	1,285	840	445	2.6	3.2	1.9
$125,000 and over	1,525	1,070	455	3.1	4.1	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	79,385	39,980	39,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,490	39,035	38,450	97.6	97.6	97.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,400	30,000	34,000	38,400	30,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,545	39,045	38,500	97.7	97.7	97.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	34,000	27,600	30,400	34,000	27,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,770	34,775	33,000	85.4	87.0	83.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,200	33,600	25,400	29,200	33,600	25,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	50,960	26,695	24,270	64.2	66.8	61.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,600	32,800	26,800	29,600	32,800	26,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,805	30,795	32,005	79.1	77.0	81.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,500	10,200	10,700	10,500	10,200	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	10,870	6,245	4,625	13.7	15.6	11.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,440	6,040	4,640	5,440	6,040	4,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	79,370	39,990	39,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,480	38,990	38,485	97.6	97.5	97.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,800	49,840	37,640	43,800	49,840	37,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,530	39,000	38,525	97.7	97.5	97.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,160	40,160	32,080	36,160	40,160	32,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,880	34,860	33,015	85.5	87.2	83.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,840	46,240	33,120	39,840	46,240	33,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,120	26,870	24,250	64.4	67.2	61.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,320	43,880	34,280	39,320	43,880	34,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,115	31,005	32,110	79.5	77.5	81.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,890	10,720	11,060	10,890	10,720	11,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,995	6,455	4,540	13.9	16.1	11.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,540	6,490	6,610	6,540	6,490	6,610
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	79,370	39,990	39,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,235	10,190	9,045	24.2	25.5	23.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	47,200	51,200	43,600	47,200	51,200	43,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,400	65,000	50,960	58,400	65,000	50,960
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,860	11,810	11,045	28.8	29.5	28.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,200	26,200	20,800	23,200	26,200	20,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,600	37,320	27,520	32,600	37,320	27,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	79.8	83.0	75.4	79.8	83.0	75.4
Employment income (%)	59.3	60.7	57.4	59.3	60.7	57.4
Government transfers (%)	20.3	17.1	24.5	20.3	17.1	24.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.1	2.2	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	45,850	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	54,000	...	...	54,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	17,795	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,000	...	...	31,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	28,055	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	45,855	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,300	...	...	77,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	17,815	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,760	...	...	42,760	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,280	...	...	36,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	28,035	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,200	...	...	99,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,400	...	...	82,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	45,855	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	355	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	265	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	750	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,220	...	...	2.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,700	...	...	8.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,305	...	...	5.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,210	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,715	...	...	5.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,580	...	...	5.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,325	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,245	...	...	9.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,645	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,140	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,925	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,430	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,050	...	...	24.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,450	...	...	9.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,540	...	...	5.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,305	...	...	5.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,750	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	45,855	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	435	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	285	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	785	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,305	...	...	2.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,925	...	...	8.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,810	...	...	6.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,670	...	...	5.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,285	...	...	7.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,880	...	...	6.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,645	...	...	5.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,705	...	...	10.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,195	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,545	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,975	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,240	...	...	4.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,190	...	...	15.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,505	...	...	7.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,710	...	...	3.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,975	...	...	4.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,970	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,345	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,280	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,670	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	60,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...	55,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	20,715	10,895	9,815	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	35,600	31,200	33,200	35,600	31,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,400	32,000	29,000	30,400	32,000	29,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,945	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,700	...	...	99,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,600	...	...	82,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,270	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,200	...	...	90,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,600	...	...	74,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,320	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	135,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,100	...	...	110,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,655	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,600	...	...	69,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,300	...	...	61,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	20,690	10,835	9,860	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,480	43,520	39,280	41,480	43,520	39,280
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,400	36,320	34,440	35,400	36,320	34,440
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	90,655	45,805	44,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	13,390	6,920	6,465	14.8	15.1	14.4
0 to 5 years	4,000	2,060	1,945	4.4	4.5	4.3
18 to 64 years	51,320	25,630	25,690	56.6	56.0	57.3
65 years and over	25,945	13,255	12,690	28.6	28.9	28.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,030	6,860	7,170	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,610	835	775	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	480	250	230	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,505	3,285	3,220	...	...	...
65 years and over	5,910	2,735	3,180	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.5	15.0	16.0	15.5	15.0	16.0
0 to 17 years (%)	12.0	12.1	12.0	12.0	12.1	12.0
0 to 5 years (%)	12.0	12.2	11.9	12.0	12.2	11.9
18 to 64 years (%)	12.7	12.8	12.5	12.7	12.8	12.5
65 years and over (%)	22.8	20.6	25.0	22.8	20.6	25.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	90,655	45,805	44,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	13,390	6,920	6,465	14.8	15.1	14.4
0 to 5 years	4,000	2,060	1,945	4.4	4.5	4.3
18 to 64 years	51,320	25,630	25,690	56.6	56.0	57.3
65 years and over	25,945	13,255	12,690	28.6	28.9	28.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,695	1,490	1,205	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	225	125	95	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	75	45	30	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,150	1,210	935	...	...	...
65 years and over	320	150	170	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.0	3.3	2.7	3.0	3.3	2.7
0 to 17 years (%)	1.7	1.8	1.5	1.7	1.8	1.5
0 to 5 years (%)	1.9	2.2	1.5	1.9	2.2	1.5
18 to 64 years (%)	4.2	4.7	3.7	4.2	4.7	3.7
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.1	1.4	1.2	1.1	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	90,660	45,805	44,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	59,625	29,720	29,900	65.8	64.9	66.7
In bottom decile	11,510	5,720	5,795	12.7	12.5	12.9
In second decile	13,490	6,590	6,910	14.9	14.4	15.4
In third decile	12,450	6,210	6,240	13.7	13.6	13.9
In fourth decile	11,790	5,950	5,840	13.0	13.0	13.0
In fifth decile	10,380	5,265	5,125	11.4	11.5	11.4
In top half of the distribution	31,035	16,085	14,955	34.2	35.1	33.3
In sixth decile	8,975	4,585	4,385	9.9	10.0	9.8
In seventh decile	7,530	3,890	3,640	8.3	8.5	8.1
In eighth decile	6,030	3,140	2,890	6.7	6.9	6.4
In ninth decile	4,625	2,405	2,220	5.1	5.3	4.9
In top decile	3,880	2,060	1,815	4.3	4.5	4.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	90,660	...	...	90,660	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.324	...	...	0.324	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.489	...	...	0.489	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.276	...	...	0.276	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	91,860	46,265	45,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	950	480	465	1.0	1.0	1.0
French only	55,075	26,680	28,390	60.0	57.7	62.3
English and French	35,775	19,070	16,705	38.9	41.2	36.6
Neither English nor French	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	91,860	46,265	45,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	4,420	2,290	2,135	4.8	4.9	4.7
French	86,820	43,655	43,165	94.5	94.4	94.7
English and French	570	305	265	0.6	0.7	0.6
Neither English nor French	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	91,860	46,265	45,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	90,535	45,600	44,935	98.6	98.6	98.6
Official languages	88,895	44,775	44,120	96.8	96.8	96.8
English	3,745	1,950	1,790	4.1	4.2	3.9
French	85,155	42,830	42,325	92.7	92.6	92.8
Non-official languages	1,640	830	815	1.8	1.8	1.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,630	820	810	1.8	1.8	1.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	120	70	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	110	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,260	655	610	1.4	1.4	1.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	175	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	280	140	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	195	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	170	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	730	385	345	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	175	115	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	420	210	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,320	660	660	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and French	1,030	520	515	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	150	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	91,860	46,265	45,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,885	1,490	1,395	3.1	3.2	3.1
French	83,385	41,920	41,460	90.8	90.6	90.9
Non-official language	280	165	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	280	165	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
English and French	3,990	2,065	1,925	4.3	4.5	4.2
English and non-official language(s)	185	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	530	265	265	0.6	0.6	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	590	265	325	0.6	0.6	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	91,860	46,265	45,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	90,595	45,645	44,945	98.6	98.7	98.6
Official languages	90,090	45,380	44,715	98.1	98.1	98.1
English	3,790	1,950	1,835	4.1	4.2	4.0
French	86,305	43,425	42,880	94.0	93.9	94.1
Non-official languages	500	270	235	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	495	265	230	0.5	0.6	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	370	205	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
German	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	255	150	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	190	115	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,260	620	640	1.4	1.3	1.4
English and French	985	510	480	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	175	65	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	91,860	46,265	45,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	87,660	44,140	43,515	95.4	95.4	95.4
English	2,465	1,250	1,215	2.7	2.7	2.7
French	805	410	400	0.9	0.9	0.9
Non-official language	475	245	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	465	240	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	250	120	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	90,660	45,850	44,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	90,615	45,835	44,780	100.0	100.0	99.9
English	36,310	19,315	16,990	40.1	42.1	37.9
French	89,630	45,325	44,300	98.9	98.9	98.9
Non-official languages	5,185	2,415	2,770	5.7	5.3	6.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,125	2,380	2,750	5.7	5.2	6.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	200	120	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	190	120	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	145	100	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,470	2,060	2,410	4.9	4.5	5.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	275	125	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	265	120	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	510	215	290	0.6	0.5	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	415	180	235	0.5	0.4	0.5
German	370	160	205	0.4	0.3	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,675	1,680	1,990	4.1	3.7	4.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	610	305	305	0.7	0.7	0.7
Portuguese	175	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,990	1,345	1,645	3.3	2.9	3.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	90,660	45,850	44,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,595	1,865	1,730	4.0	4.1	3.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,425	1,745	1,680	3.8	3.8	3.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,385	700	685	1.5	1.5	1.5
Métis	2,005	1,030	975	2.2	2.2	2.2
Inuk (Inuit)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	100	75	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	87,065	43,990	43,075	96.0	95.9	96.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	90,660	45,850	44,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	495	290	210	0.5	0.6	0.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	90,160	45,560	44,595	99.4	99.4	99.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	45,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	32,945	...	...	71.9	...	...
Renter	12,910	...	...	28.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	45,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,845	...	...	6.2	...	...
Not condominium	43,005	...	...	93.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	45,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	120	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	5,990	...	...	13.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	16,040	...	...	35.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,000	...	...	34.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	7,705	...	...	16.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	45,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	13,850	...	...	30.2	...	...
5 rooms	9,050	...	...	19.7	...	...
6 rooms	6,960	...	...	15.2	...	...
7 rooms	5,590	...	...	12.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,405	...	...	22.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	45,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	45,725	...	...	99.7	...	...
More than one person per room	125	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	45,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	44,975	...	...	98.1	...	...
Not suitable	875	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	45,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	9,055	...	...	19.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,220	...	...	31.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,720	...	...	12.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,995	...	...	10.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,885	...	...	6.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,335	...	...	7.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,645	...	...	5.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,995	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	45,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	42,690	...	...	93.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,165	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	45,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	26,795	...	...	58.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	18,240	...	...	39.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	810	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	45,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	810	...	...	1.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,775	...	...	8.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,750	...	...	12.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,405	...	...	14.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,760	...	...	25.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	10,865	...	...	23.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,190	...	...	11.3	...	...
85 years and over	1,295	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	45,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	38,865	...	...	85.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,705	...	...	14.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,195	...	...	13.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	45,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,015	...	...	21.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,065	...	...	13.2	...	...
Not suitable only	735	...	...	1.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,485	...	...	5.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	585	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	35,840	...	...	78.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	45,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,905	...	...	6.4	...	...
Not in core need	42,155	...	...	93.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	32,790	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.7	...	...	53.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.5	...	...	10.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	755	...	...	755	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	883	...	...	883	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	302,000	...	...	302,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,900	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.4	...	...	25.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	12.0	...	...	12.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	695	...	...	695	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	748	...	...	748	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	90,660	45,850	44,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,245	1,525	1,715	3.6	3.3	3.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,170	1,505	1,665	3.5	3.3	3.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,470	1,165	1,305	2.7	2.5	2.9
Métis single ancestry	675	325	350	0.7	0.7	0.8
Inuit single ancestry	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,840	1,925	1,915	4.2	4.2	4.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,805	1,910	1,890	4.2	4.2	4.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,255	1,650	1,610	3.6	3.6	3.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	510	255	260	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	83,575	42,395	41,185	92.2	92.5	91.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	90,660	45,850	44,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	89,800	45,395	44,410	99.1	99.0	99.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	13,330	6,930	6,400	14.7	15.1	14.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	76,470	38,460	38,010	84.3	83.9	84.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	855	455	400	0.9	1.0	0.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	90,660	45,850	44,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	87,390	44,135	43,255	96.4	96.3	96.5
Immigrants⁸¹	3,055	1,565	1,495	3.4	3.4	3.3
Before 1980	1,025	535	485	1.1	1.2	1.1
1980 to 1990	335	185	150	0.4	0.4	0.3
1991 to 2000	500	235	265	0.6	0.5	0.6
2001 to 2010	670	345	335	0.7	0.8	0.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	525	265	265	0.6	0.6	0.6
2011 to 2015	270	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
2016 to 2021	260	135	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	210	145	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,060	1,565	1,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	340	175	170	11.1	11.2	11.4
5 to 14 years	405	215	190	13.2	13.7	12.7
15 to 24 years	655	315	345	21.4	20.1	23.1
25 to 44 years	1,420	730	685	46.4	46.6	45.8
45 years and over	240	135	110	7.8	8.6	7.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,060	1,565	1,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	520	210	310	17.0	13.4	20.7
Brazil	30	10	15	1.0	0.6	1.0
Colombia	30	10	20	1.0	0.6	1.3
El Salvador	25	10	10	0.8	0.6	0.7
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	30	15	20	1.0	1.0	1.3
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	60	35	20	2.0	2.2	1.3
Peru	15	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.7
United States of America	150	55	100	4.9	3.5	6.7
Other places of birth in Americas	180	70	110	5.9	4.5	7.4
Europe	2,020	1,125	895	66.0	71.9	59.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.7
Croatia	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
France	1,165	670	505	38.1	42.8	33.8
Germany	115	70	45	3.8	4.5	3.0
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Italy	105	70	35	3.4	4.5	2.3
Netherlands	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.7
Poland	55	25	35	1.8	1.6	2.3
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	90	40	45	2.9	2.6	3.0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.7
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	135	90	40	4.4	5.8	2.7
Other places of birth in Europe	280	145	140	9.2	9.3	9.4
Africa	165	95	75	5.4	6.1	5.0
Algeria	15	15	10	0.5	1.0	0.7
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	35	25	10	1.1	1.6	0.7
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	40	25	15	1.3	1.6	1.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	65	30	35	2.1	1.9	2.3
Asia	320	115	205	10.5	7.3	13.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	40	25	15	1.3	1.6	1.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
China⁹⁰	75	20	55	2.5	1.3	3.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.7
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	50	20	30	1.6	1.3	2.0
Viet Nam	15	15	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	70	0	70	2.3	0.0	4.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	25	20	10	0.8	1.3	0.7
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	260	130	125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	75	55	20	28.8	42.3	16.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	15	0	5.8	11.5	0.0
United States of America	10	10	0	3.8	7.7	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	15	10	9.6	11.5	8.0
Europe	120	60	60	46.2	46.2	48.0
France	105	55	50	40.4	42.3	40.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	55	10	45	21.2	7.7	36.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	10	10	3.8	7.7	8.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	0	20	9.6	0.0	16.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	90,660	45,850	44,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,600	1,855	1,745	4.0	4.0	3.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,425	1,670	1,755	3.8	3.6	3.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	83,635	42,330	41,310	92.3	92.3	92.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,030	1,025	1,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,170	605	565	57.6	59.0	55.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	730	440	290	36.0	42.9	28.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	440	165	275	21.7	16.1	27.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	765	375	390	37.7	36.6	38.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	75	35	40	3.7	3.4	4.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	0	15	1.0	0.0	1.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,030	1,025	1,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	45	20	30	2.2	2.0	3.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	460	290	170	22.7	28.3	16.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	75	50	30	3.7	4.9	3.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	115	65	50	5.7	6.3	5.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,325	595	730	65.3	58.0	72.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	90,655	45,850	44,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,320	645	675	1.5	1.4	1.5
South Asian	110	70	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chinese	140	65	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Black	270	140	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Filipino	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	370	175	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Southeast Asian	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japanese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	89,340	45,205	44,135	98.5	98.6	98.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	90,655	45,850	44,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	32,765	16,295	16,470	36.1	35.5	36.8
English	1,790	950	840	2.0	2.1	1.9
Irish	4,825	2,340	2,485	5.3	5.1	5.5
Scottish	1,790	895	905	2.0	2.0	2.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	23,170	12,135	11,040	25.6	26.5	24.6
German	1,420	615	805	1.6	1.3	1.8
Chinese	190	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italian	1,970	965	1,010	2.2	2.1	2.3
Indian (India)	100	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	275	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Polish	535	255	275	0.6	0.6	0.6
Québécois	13,585	6,950	6,635	15.0	15.2	14.8
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	285	145	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Filipino	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
French Canadian	8,355	4,225	4,135	9.2	9.2	9.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,780	920	865	2.0	2.0	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,470	1,195	1,275	2.7	2.6	2.8
Métis	1,290	610	680	1.4	1.3	1.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,210	615	600	1.3	1.3	1.3
Russian	290	125	165	0.3	0.3	0.4
Norwegian	35	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	95	70	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	225	130	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
American	480	275	205	0.5	0.6	0.5
Spanish	360	180	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swedish	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	665	300	375	0.7	0.7	0.8
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	230	115	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	235	115	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	165	65	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	170	100	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lebanese	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	870	435	430	1.0	0.9	1.0
Danish	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	835	385	450	0.9	0.8	1.0
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	170	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belgian	735	395	335	0.8	0.9	0.7
Haitian	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	140	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	210	120	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Finnish	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japanese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	285	150	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	1,015	500	515	1.1	1.1	1.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	60	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Brunswicker	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	160	100	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Argentinian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	285	130	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	230	110	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
New Zealander	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	210	120	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	285	135	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Norman	150	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	90,655	45,850	44,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	110	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Christian	64,155	31,790	32,365	70.8	69.3	72.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,145	1,640	1,505	3.5	3.6	3.4
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	350	150	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Baptist	100	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catholic	58,780	29,130	29,645	64.8	63.5	66.2
Christian Orthodox	210	115	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	545	285	260	0.6	0.6	0.6
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Presbyterian	70	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	120	70	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	650	265	395	0.7	0.6	0.9
Hindu	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	310	180	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
Muslim	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	25,725	13,665	12,060	28.4	29.8	26.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	89,945	45,465	44,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	78,065	39,730	38,335	86.8	87.4	86.2
Movers	11,885	5,740	6,140	13.2	12.6	13.8
Non-migrants	4,170	1,950	2,225	4.6	4.3	5.0
Migrants	7,710	3,790	3,920	8.6	8.3	8.8
Internal migrants	7,605	3,725	3,880	8.5	8.2	8.7
Intraprovincial migrants	7,175	3,505	3,670	8.0	7.7	8.3
Interprovincial migrants	430	220	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
External migrants	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	87,260	44,100	43,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	51,820	26,405	25,415	59.4	59.9	58.9
Movers	35,440	17,695	17,750	40.6	40.1	41.1
Non-migrants	8,980	4,450	4,530	10.3	10.1	10.5
Migrants	26,460	13,250	13,210	30.3	30.0	30.6
Internal migrants	25,990	12,990	13,005	29.8	29.5	30.1
Intraprovincial migrants	25,035	12,490	12,550	28.7	28.3	29.1
Interprovincial migrants	955	500	455	1.1	1.1	1.1
External migrants	470	255	210	0.5	0.6	0.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,370	39,985	39,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	21,205	12,095	9,105	26.7	30.2	23.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	58,165	27,890	30,275	73.3	69.8	76.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,810	23,400	23,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,170	6,370	3,805	21.7	27.2	16.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	36,640	17,030	19,605	78.3	72.8	83.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,365	39,990	39,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,390	10,055	8,335	23.2	25.1	21.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,975	8,655	9,320	22.6	21.6	23.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,005	21,280	21,725	54.2	53.2	55.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,300	16,140	15,160	39.4	40.4	38.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,455	10,020	6,440	20.7	25.1	16.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,120	6,465	5,650	15.3	16.2	14.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,340	3,550	785	5.5	8.9	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,035	4,975	7,060	15.2	12.4	17.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,810	1,150	1,660	3.5	2.9	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,705	5,145	6,565	14.7	12.9	16.7
Bachelor's degree	7,815	3,320	4,490	9.8	8.3	11.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,095	460	630	1.4	1.2	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	420	230	185	0.5	0.6	0.5
Master's degree	2,070	950	1,120	2.6	2.4	2.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	310	175	130	0.4	0.4	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,810	23,400	23,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,335	5,045	3,295	17.8	21.6	14.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,015	4,495	4,520	19.3	19.2	19.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,460	13,865	15,600	62.9	59.3	66.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,655	10,850	10,805	46.3	46.4	46.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,050	7,000	5,050	25.7	29.9	21.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,065	4,555	4,505	19.4	19.5	19.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,985	2,450	540	6.4	10.5	2.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,990	3,220	4,770	17.1	13.8	20.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,615	630	990	3.5	2.7	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,805	3,010	4,800	16.7	12.9	20.5
Bachelor's degree	5,390	2,080	3,310	11.5	8.9	14.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	645	185	455	1.4	0.8	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	295	125	175	0.6	0.5	0.7
Master's degree	1,305	535	770	2.8	2.3	3.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	170	85	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	79,365	39,990	39,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	36,365	18,705	17,655	45.8	46.8	44.8
Education	3,595	895	2,695	4.5	2.2	6.8
13. Education	3,595	895	2,695	4.5	2.2	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,525	665	860	1.9	1.7	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	195	160	40	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,330	510	825	1.7	1.3	2.1
Humanities	2,060	800	1,260	2.6	2.0	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	240	45	195	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	115	35	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,070	425	645	1.3	1.1	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	125	80	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	250	105	150	0.3	0.3	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,360	1,095	2,265	4.2	2.7	5.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	365	125	240	0.5	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	705	80	630	0.9	0.2	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	595	210	380	0.7	0.5	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	220	65	155	0.3	0.2	0.4
42. Psychology	600	145	450	0.8	0.4	1.1
45. Social sciences	830	470	365	1.0	1.2	0.9
Business, management and public administration	9,220	3,125	6,095	11.6	7.8	15.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	560	90	475	0.7	0.2	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,655	3,035	5,615	10.9	7.6	14.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,010	620	390	1.3	1.6	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	330	170	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	200	120	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	190	135	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
40. Physical sciences	225	170	55	0.3	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	835	520	320	1.1	1.3	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	625	440	190	0.8	1.1	0.5
25. Library science	85	0	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	110	65	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,025	8,445	580	11.4	21.1	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	295	180	110	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	750	655	95	0.9	1.6	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,290	1,135	155	1.6	2.8	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,495	2,445	55	3.1	6.1	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,655	2,535	120	3.3	6.3	0.3
48. Precision production	1,535	1,485	45	1.9	3.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,810	1,230	580	2.3	3.1	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	735	350	390	0.9	0.9	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,075	880	190	1.4	2.2	0.5
Health and related fields	6,060	1,225	4,835	7.6	3.1	12.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	485	255	225	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,485	910	4,575	6.9	2.3	11.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,490	2,660	1,835	5.7	6.7	4.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,235	755	1,480	2.8	1.9	3.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	810	615	190	1.0	1.5	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,415	1,260	150	1.8	3.2	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	46,810	23,400	23,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,350	9,535	7,815	37.1	40.7	33.4
Education	2,035	385	1,650	4.3	1.6	7.0
13. Education	2,035	385	1,650	4.3	1.6	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,050	465	590	2.2	2.0	2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	110	100	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	940	365	575	2.0	1.6	2.5
Humanities	1,165	395	770	2.5	1.7	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	135	10	125	0.3	0.0	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	65	15	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	665	255	410	1.4	1.1	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	80	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	115	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,275	635	1,640	4.9	2.7	7.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	230	70	155	0.5	0.3	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	545	50	495	1.2	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	375	105	275	0.8	0.4	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	135	50	85	0.3	0.2	0.4
42. Psychology	390	80	315	0.8	0.3	1.3
45. Social sciences	565	270	290	1.2	1.2	1.2
Business, management and public administration	6,655	2,040	4,615	14.2	8.7	19.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	420	55	365	0.9	0.2	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,230	1,985	4,250	13.3	8.5	18.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	510	285	235	1.1	1.2	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	175	70	105	0.4	0.3	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	130	90	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	135	85	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	605	385	220	1.3	1.6	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	495	355	145	1.1	1.5	0.6
25. Library science	60	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,240	5,770	470	13.3	24.7	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	200	110	95	0.4	0.5	0.4
14. Engineering	570	495	75	1.2	2.1	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	840	715	130	1.8	3.1	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,700	1,665	40	3.6	7.1	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,925	1,825	95	4.1	7.8	0.4
48. Precision production	990	955	35	2.1	4.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,345	870	475	2.9	3.7	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	570	260	305	1.2	1.1	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	780	605	170	1.7	2.6	0.7
Health and related fields	4,240	785	3,455	9.1	3.4	14.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	295	145	150	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,875	605	3,275	8.3	2.6	14.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,330	1,850	1,480	7.1	7.9	6.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,710	535	1,180	3.7	2.3	5.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	565	400	165	1.2	1.7	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,040	910	130	2.2	3.9	0.6
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	46,810	23,400	23,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,350	9,535	7,815	37.1	40.7	33.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	29,460	13,860	15,600	62.9	59.2	66.6
Location of study inside Canada	28,270	13,185	15,090	60.4	56.3	64.5
Same as province or territory of residence	27,315	12,760	14,560	58.4	54.5	62.2
Different than province or territory of residence	955	425	525	2.0	1.8	2.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,185	675	510	2.5	2.9	2.2
Americas	255	130	120	0.5	0.6	0.5
United States of America	170	75	90	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mexico	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Europe	830	500	335	1.8	2.1	1.4
Belgium	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	590	375	215	1.3	1.6	0.9
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Africa	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oceania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	79,370	39,985	39,380	...	...	...
In the labour force	43,140	22,540	20,600	...	...	...
Employed	38,605	20,115	18,485	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,530	2,420	2,115	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	36,230	17,450	18,780	...	...	...
Participation rate	54.4	56.4	52.3	54.4	56.4	52.3
Employment rate	48.6	50.3	46.9	48.6	50.3	46.9
Unemployment rate	10.5	10.7	10.3	10.5	10.7	10.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	79,365	39,990	39,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	34,345	16,245	18,105	43.3	40.6	46.0
Worked	45,025	23,745	21,275	56.7	59.4	54.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	19,985	10,680	9,300	25.2	26.7	23.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	25,040	13,065	11,980	31.6	32.7	30.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.0	39.0	39.0	39.0	39.0	39.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	43,140	22,540	20,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	985	485	505	2.3	2.2	2.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	42,150	22,055	20,095	97.7	97.8	97.5
Employee	34,265	17,240	17,025	79.4	76.5	82.6
Permanent position	27,155	13,560	13,595	62.9	60.2	66.0
Temporary position	7,110	3,680	3,430	16.5	16.3	16.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,745	740	1,005	4.0	3.3	4.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,370	2,945	2,425	12.4	13.1	11.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,885	4,815	3,070	18.3	21.4	14.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	43,140	22,540	20,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	985	485	505	2.3	2.2	2.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	42,150	22,055	20,095	97.7	97.8	97.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,015	755	270	2.4	3.3	1.3
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,945	1,525	4,420	13.8	6.8	21.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,680	1,285	395	3.9	5.7	1.9
3 Health occupations	3,525	665	2,865	8.2	3.0	13.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,075	1,475	3,605	11.8	6.5	17.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,110	550	560	2.6	2.4	2.7
6 Sales and service occupations	12,225	5,335	6,890	28.3	23.7	33.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,710	8,115	595	20.2	36.0	2.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,610	1,310	305	3.7	5.8	1.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,245	1,050	200	2.9	4.7	1.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	43,140	22,540	20,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	985	485	505	2.3	2.2	2.5
All industries¹⁹¹	42,150	22,055	20,095	97.7	97.8	97.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,355	945	415	3.1	4.2	2.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	350	300	50	0.8	1.3	0.2
22 Utilities	200	165	35	0.5	0.7	0.2
23 Construction	4,285	3,720	565	9.9	16.5	2.7
31-33 Manufacturing	2,200	1,700	500	5.1	7.5	2.4
41 Wholesale trade	835	595	235	1.9	2.6	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	5,805	2,680	3,125	13.5	11.9	15.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,610	1,225	380	3.7	5.4	1.8
51 Information and cultural industries	480	255	225	1.1	1.1	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	795	315	475	1.8	1.4	2.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	795	410	385	1.8	1.8	1.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,355	1,175	1,180	5.5	5.2	5.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,925	1,265	660	4.5	5.6	3.2
61 Educational services	2,960	885	2,075	6.9	3.9	10.1
62 Health care and social assistance	6,420	1,235	5,185	14.9	5.5	25.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,705	1,015	685	4.0	4.5	3.3
72 Accommodation and food services	3,510	1,690	1,820	8.1	7.5	8.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,150	1,100	1,045	5.0	4.9	5.1
91 Public administration	2,400	1,355	1,040	5.6	6.0	5.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	47,970	25,275	22,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,125	700	425	2.3	2.8	1.9
French	38,495	20,335	18,160	80.2	80.5	80.0
Non-official language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	8,095	4,120	3,975	16.9	16.3	17.5
English and non-official language(s)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	170	80	90	0.4	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	47,970	25,275	22,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	46,685	24,645	22,040	97.3	97.5	97.1
Official languages	46,670	24,640	22,025	97.3	97.5	97.0
English	2,375	1,400	975	5.0	5.5	4.3
French	44,295	23,240	21,055	92.3	91.9	92.8
Non-official languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,285	625	660	2.7	2.5	2.9
English and French	1,255	625	630	2.6	2.5	2.8
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	47,970	25,275	22,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	40,885	21,655	19,230	85.2	85.7	84.7
English	5,720	2,860	2,855	11.9	11.3	12.6
French	1,170	655	510	2.4	2.6	2.2
Non-official language	85	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	85	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	38,605	20,115	18,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	5,555	2,705	2,850	14.4	13.4	15.4
Worked outside Canada	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
No fixed workplace address	5,845	4,510	1,335	15.1	22.4	7.2
Usual place of work	27,160	12,875	14,285	70.4	64.0	77.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	27,160	12,875	14,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,555	5,650	6,900	46.2	43.9	48.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,865	4,010	4,855	32.6	31.1	34.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,660	3,140	2,515	20.8	24.4	17.6
Commute to a different province or territory	85	65	15	0.3	0.5	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	33,010	17,385	15,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	30,335	16,085	14,255	91.9	92.5	91.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	28,880	15,415	13,455	87.5	88.7	86.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,460	665	795	4.4	3.8	5.1
Public transit	225	110	115	0.7	0.6	0.7
Walked	1,710	735	975	5.2	4.2	6.2
Bicycle	175	110	65	0.5	0.6	0.4
Other method	560	345	210	1.7	2.0	1.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	33,010	17,385	15,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	13,805	6,690	7,110	41.8	38.5	45.5
15 to 29 minutes	10,190	5,080	5,105	30.9	29.2	32.7
30 to 44 minutes	4,580	2,510	2,070	13.9	14.4	13.2
45 to 59 minutes	1,700	1,085	610	5.1	6.2	3.9
60 minutes and over	2,735	2,010	720	8.3	11.6	4.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	33,010	17,385	15,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,115	1,775	345	6.4	10.2	2.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,455	3,910	1,545	16.5	22.5	9.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,530	5,355	5,175	31.9	30.8	33.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,490	2,900	4,590	22.7	16.7	29.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,320	1,205	2,115	10.1	6.9	13.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,090	2,240	1,850	12.4	12.9	11.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	13,670	7,080	6,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,390	710	675	10.2	10.0	10.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,285	6,370	5,915	89.9	90.0	89.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	10,115	5,265	4,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,050	530	520	10.4	10.1	10.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	670	335	330	6.6	6.4	6.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	385	195	190	3.8	3.7	3.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,065	4,730	4,330	89.6	89.8	89.3

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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