Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Laurentides--LabelleMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	123,796	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	113,815	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.8	...	...	8.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	83,594	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	61,086	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	7.0	...	...	7.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	17,587.83	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	123,795	61,720	62,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,035	7,745	7,290	12.1	12.5	11.7
0 to 4 years	4,435	2,275	2,160	3.6	3.7	3.5
5 to 9 years	5,140	2,705	2,440	4.2	4.4	3.9
10 to 14 years	5,460	2,765	2,690	4.4	4.5	4.3
15 to 64 years	72,670	36,045	36,620	58.7	58.4	59.0
15 to 19 years	4,755	2,500	2,255	3.8	4.1	3.6
20 to 24 years	4,070	2,110	1,955	3.3	3.4	3.1
25 to 29 years	4,970	2,495	2,475	4.0	4.0	4.0
30 to 34 years	5,595	2,770	2,830	4.5	4.5	4.6
35 to 39 years	6,090	2,990	3,100	4.9	4.8	5.0
40 to 44 years	6,945	3,460	3,480	5.6	5.6	5.6
45 to 49 years	6,625	3,330	3,290	5.4	5.4	5.3
50 to 54 years	7,790	3,910	3,885	6.3	6.3	6.3
55 to 59 years	11,760	5,605	6,155	9.5	9.1	9.9
60 to 64 years	14,070	6,865	7,200	11.4	11.1	11.6
65 years and over	36,095	17,930	18,160	29.2	29.1	29.3
65 to 69 years	12,475	6,220	6,255	10.1	10.1	10.1
70 to 74 years	9,895	4,960	4,930	8.0	8.0	7.9
75 to 79 years	6,845	3,605	3,240	5.5	5.8	5.2
80 to 84 years	3,735	1,845	1,895	3.0	3.0	3.1
85 years and over	3,145	1,300	1,845	2.5	2.1	3.0
85 to 89 years	2,120	965	1,155	1.7	1.6	1.9
90 to 94 years	855	290	565	0.7	0.5	0.9
95 to 99 years	145	40	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.1	12.5	11.7	12.1	12.5	11.7
15 to 64 years	58.7	58.4	59.0	58.7	58.4	59.0
65 years and over	29.2	29.1	29.3	29.2	29.1	29.3
85 years and over	2.5	2.1	3.0	2.5	2.1	3.0
Average age of the population	49.2	48.8	49.6	49.2	48.8	49.6
Median age of the population	55.2	54.4	55.6	55.2	54.4	55.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	61,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	42,355	...	...	69.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,855	...	...	3.0	...	...
Row house	1,185	...	...	1.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,010	...	...	9.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,670	...	...	14.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	85	...	...	0.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	310	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	625	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	61,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	23,480	...	...	38.4	...	...
2 persons	24,875	...	...	40.7	...	...
3 persons	6,055	...	...	9.9	...	...
4 persons	4,580	...	...	7.5	...	...
5 or more persons	2,100	...	...	3.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	121,150	60,530	60,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	108,760	53,975	54,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	63,130	31,610	31,520	58.0	58.6	57.5
Married	33,745	16,940	16,810	31.0	31.4	30.7
Living common-law	29,385	14,665	14,715	27.0	27.2	26.9
Living common law - Never married	21,770	10,745	11,030	20.0	19.9	20.1
Living common law - Separated	335	170	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	6,490	3,395	3,090	6.0	6.3	5.6
Living common law - Widowed	790	355	435	0.7	0.7	0.8
Not married and not living common-law	45,630	22,370	23,265	42.0	41.4	42.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	27,730	15,350	12,380	25.5	28.4	22.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,640	880	755	1.5	1.6	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	9,590	4,405	5,185	8.8	8.2	9.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,670	1,730	4,935	6.1	3.2	9.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	36,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	24,625	...	...	68.2	...	...
3 persons	5,555	...	...	15.4	...	...
4 persons	4,280	...	...	11.8	...	...
5 or more persons	1,670	...	...	4.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	36,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	31,120	...	...	86.1	...	...
Married couples	16,430	...	...	45.5	...	...
With children⁶	3,835	...	...	10.6	...	...
Without children	12,590	...	...	34.8	...	...
Common-law couples	14,695	...	...	40.7	...	...
With children⁶	5,995	...	...	16.6	...	...
Without children	8,695	...	...	24.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,015	...	...	13.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,460	...	...	9.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,550	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	121,150	60,535	60,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	91,940	45,930	46,005	75.9	75.9	75.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	62,235	31,080	31,155	51.4	51.3	51.4
Parents in one-parent families	5,010	1,555	3,460	4.1	2.6	5.7
Children⁶	24,685	13,300	11,390	20.4	22.0	18.8
In a two-parent family	17,515	9,425	8,085	14.5	15.6	13.3
In a one-parent family	7,175	3,875	3,300	5.9	6.4	5.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	29,210	14,600	14,610	24.1	24.1	24.1
Living alone	23,480	11,695	11,785	19.4	19.3	19.4
Living with other relatives⁷	1,975	860	1,120	1.6	1.4	1.8
Living with non-relatives only	3,755	2,050	1,705	3.1	3.4	2.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	61,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	33,965	...	...	55.6	...	...
Couple-family households	29,640	...	...	48.5	...	...
With children⁶	9,265	...	...	15.2	...	...
Without children	20,375	...	...	33.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,325	...	...	7.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	575	...	...	0.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	140	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,100	...	...	1.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,830	...	...	3.0	...	...
One-person households	23,480	...	...	38.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	106,130	52,795	53,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	104,590	52,075	52,520	98.5	98.6	98.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	41,600	34,400	38,000	41,600	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	104,625	52,090	52,530	98.6	98.7	98.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	36,400	31,000	33,600	36,400	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	92,400	46,725	45,675	87.1	88.5	85.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,800	33,600	24,600	28,800	33,600	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,720	35,190	32,530	63.8	66.7	61.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,800	32,000	25,800	28,800	32,000	25,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,970	43,895	46,075	84.8	83.1	86.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,900	13,800	14,000	13,900	13,800	14,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,335	7,925	6,410	13.5	15.0	12.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,920	5,480	5,600	5,920	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,495	16,070	14,430	28.7	30.4	27.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	6,500	8,000	8,000	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	106,130	52,805	53,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	104,575	52,015	52,560	98.5	98.5	98.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,760	55,000	42,560	48,760	55,000	42,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	104,600	52,035	52,565	98.6	98.5	98.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,920	43,920	36,000	39,920	43,920	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	92,240	46,770	45,475	86.9	88.6	85.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,840	48,560	34,880	41,840	48,560	34,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,720	35,435	32,285	63.8	67.1	60.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,480	45,240	35,280	40,480	45,240	35,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,225	44,065	46,165	85.0	83.4	86.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,740	13,400	14,080	13,740	13,400	14,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,480	8,160	6,320	13.6	15.5	11.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,880	6,810	6,990	6,880	6,810	6,990
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,445	16,300	14,145	28.7	30.9	26.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,370	7,960	8,850	8,370	7,960	8,850
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	106,130	52,805	53,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,470	14,120	12,355	24.9	26.7	23.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	57,600	48,400	52,800	57,600	48,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,300	72,800	56,800	65,300	72,800	56,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	31,755	16,080	15,675	29.9	30.5	29.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	21,200	16,800	18,800	21,200	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,200	31,520	24,820	28,200	31,520	24,820
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	75.6	79.4	71.0	75.6	79.4	71.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	53.8	56.0	50.9	53.8	56.0	50.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.3	20.6	29.1	24.3	20.6	29.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.9	2.0	2.0	1.9	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.8	5.2	6.6	5.8	5.2	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.0	4.5	5.6	5.0	4.5	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	106,130	52,795	53,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,535	725	815	1.4	1.4	1.5
With total income	104,595	52,075	52,520	98.6	98.6	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,380	2,695	3,680	6.1	5.2	7.0
$10,000 to $19,999	13,615	5,585	8,025	13.0	10.7	15.3
$20,000 to $29,999	20,110	9,330	10,780	19.2	17.9	20.5
$30,000 to $39,999	15,400	7,230	8,170	14.7	13.9	15.6
$40,000 to $49,999	14,115	7,120	7,000	13.5	13.7	13.3
$50,000 to $59,999	10,295	5,425	4,870	9.8	10.4	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	6,885	3,920	2,970	6.6	7.5	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	4,785	2,710	2,075	4.6	5.2	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	3,545	2,030	1,515	3.4	3.9	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,285	1,300	980	2.2	2.5	1.9
$100,000 and over	7,170	4,735	2,440	6.9	9.1	4.6
$100,000 to $149,999	4,590	2,935	1,655	4.4	5.6	3.2
$150,000 and over	2,580	1,795	785	2.5	3.4	1.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	106,130	52,795	53,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,510	705	805	1.4	1.3	1.5
With after-tax income	104,620	52,090	52,530	98.6	98.7	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,145	2,950	4,190	6.8	5.7	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	14,310	5,950	8,360	13.7	11.4	15.9
$20,000 to $29,999	23,565	11,010	12,555	22.5	21.1	23.9
$30,000 to $39,999	19,125	9,425	9,700	18.3	18.1	18.5
$40,000 to $49,999	15,275	8,025	7,250	14.6	15.4	13.8
$50,000 to $59,999	9,400	5,265	4,135	9.0	10.1	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	5,795	3,255	2,540	5.5	6.2	4.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,370	1,890	1,480	3.2	3.6	2.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,065	1,270	795	2.0	2.4	1.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,255	800	455	1.2	1.5	0.9
$100,000 and over	3,310	2,245	1,065	3.2	4.3	2.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,545	985	555	1.5	1.9	1.1
$125,000 and over	1,765	1,255	510	1.7	2.4	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	106,130	52,795	53,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	38,410	17,605	20,800	36.2	33.3	39.0
With employment income	67,725	35,185	32,535	63.8	66.6	61.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,305	5,885	5,420	16.7	16.7	16.7
$5,000 to $9,999	5,895	2,670	3,225	8.7	7.6	9.9
$10,000 to $19,999	9,410	4,390	5,020	13.9	12.5	15.4
$20,000 to $29,999	8,245	3,830	4,420	12.2	10.9	13.6
$30,000 to $39,999	7,385	3,870	3,510	10.9	11.0	10.8
$40,000 to $49,999	6,220	3,170	3,045	9.2	9.0	9.4
$50,000 to $59,999	4,720	2,630	2,090	7.0	7.5	6.4
$60,000 to $69,999	3,550	2,080	1,470	5.2	5.9	4.5
$70,000 to $79,999	2,655	1,480	1,175	3.9	4.2	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,280	1,235	1,045	3.4	3.5	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,385	805	575	2.0	2.3	1.8
$100,000 and over	4,685	3,145	1,540	6.9	8.9	4.7
$100,000 to $124,999	2,070	1,335	740	3.1	3.8	2.3
$125,000 and over	2,610	1,810	800	3.9	5.1	2.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	106,130	52,795	53,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	103,485	51,490	51,995	97.5	97.5	97.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,000	31,200	35,200	40,000	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	103,560	51,500	52,060	97.6	97.5	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	35,200	28,600	31,600	35,200	28,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,810	46,435	45,370	86.5	88.0	85.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600	35,200	26,400	30,600	35,200	26,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,060	35,780	33,280	65.1	67.8	62.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	33,600	27,400	30,400	33,600	27,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,305	39,595	42,710	77.6	75.0	80.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,300	9,900	10,600	10,300	9,900	10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	13,235	7,455	5,780	12.5	14.1	10.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,360	5,760	4,800	5,360	5,760	4,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	106,130	52,805	53,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	103,505	51,435	52,070	97.5	97.4	97.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,680	53,600	39,840	46,680	53,600	39,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	103,565	51,450	52,120	97.6	97.4	97.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,080	42,680	33,520	38,080	42,680	33,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,720	46,495	45,220	86.4	88.1	84.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,960	50,320	35,440	42,960	50,320	35,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,240	36,030	33,210	65.2	68.2	62.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,560	46,920	35,720	41,560	46,920	35,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,610	39,750	42,860	77.8	75.3	80.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,780	10,520	11,030	10,780	10,520	11,030
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,490	7,735	5,755	12.7	14.6	10.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,680	6,400	7,050	6,680	6,400	7,050
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	106,130	52,805	53,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,310	14,020	12,295	24.8	26.6	23.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,000	54,400	44,800	50,000	54,400	44,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,300	69,900	53,600	62,300	69,900	53,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	30,680	15,550	15,130	28.9	29.4	28.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	26,200	21,200	23,400	26,200	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,640	38,440	28,720	33,640	38,440	28,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	81.6	84.8	77.2	81.6	84.8	77.2
Employment income (%)	59.5	61.3	57.2	59.5	61.3	57.2
Government transfers (%)	18.4	15.2	22.8	18.4	15.2	22.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.8	2.0	1.9	1.8	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	61,085	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...	56,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	23,480	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,400	...	...	32,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	37,610	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	61,090	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	83,500	...	...	83,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,400	...	...	68,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	23,480	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,800	...	...	45,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,280	...	...	38,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	37,605	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,200	...	...	87,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	61,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	510	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	335	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	925	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,505	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,535	...	...	7.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,875	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,770	...	...	4.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,385	...	...	5.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,300	...	...	5.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,025	...	...	5.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,485	...	...	9.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,850	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,160	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,830	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,340	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,250	...	...	26.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,100	...	...	10.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,585	...	...	5.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,640	...	...	6.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,925	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	61,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	620	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	370	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	970	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,610	...	...	2.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,840	...	...	7.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,505	...	...	5.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,375	...	...	5.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,130	...	...	6.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,795	...	...	6.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,445	...	...	5.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,150	...	...	10.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,560	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,710	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,055	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,100	...	...	5.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,850	...	...	17.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,920	...	...	8.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,715	...	...	4.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,210	...	...	5.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	36,205	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	20,580	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,890	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,865	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	27,235	13,740	13,490	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	36,800	33,200	34,800	36,800	33,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,600	32,800	30,400	31,600	32,800	30,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	36,205	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,500	...	...	107,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,300	...	...	87,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20,510	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,500	...	...	97,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,200	...	...	79,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,935	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,600	...	...	145,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,100	...	...	116,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,835	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,750	...	...	62,750	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	27,160	13,605	13,560	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,440	46,480	42,360	44,440	46,480	42,360
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,360	38,480	36,280	37,360	38,480	36,280
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	121,145	60,530	60,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,910	9,220	8,690	14.8	15.2	14.3
0 to 5 years	5,350	2,775	2,580	4.4	4.6	4.3
18 to 64 years	68,805	34,025	34,780	56.8	56.2	57.4
65 years and over	34,435	17,290	17,145	28.4	28.6	28.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	17,370	8,370	9,000	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,065	1,080	985	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	600	320	280	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	8,185	4,080	4,105	...	...	...
65 years and over	7,120	3,210	3,905	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.3	13.8	14.8	14.3	13.8	14.8
0 to 17 years (%)	11.5	11.7	11.3	11.5	11.7	11.3
0 to 5 years (%)	11.3	11.6	10.9	11.3	11.6	10.9
18 to 64 years (%)	11.9	12.0	11.8	11.9	12.0	11.8
65 years and over (%)	20.7	18.6	22.8	20.7	18.6	22.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	121,150	60,535	60,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,910	9,215	8,695	14.8	15.2	14.3
0 to 5 years	5,350	2,770	2,580	4.4	4.6	4.3
18 to 64 years	68,800	34,020	34,780	56.8	56.2	57.4
65 years and over	34,435	17,295	17,145	28.4	28.6	28.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,545	1,930	1,610	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	325	180	145	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	95	60	40	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,775	1,545	1,230	...	...	...
65 years and over	440	205	230	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.9	3.2	2.7	2.9	3.2	2.7
0 to 17 years (%)	1.8	2.0	1.7	1.8	2.0	1.7
0 to 5 years (%)	1.8	2.0	1.5	1.8	2.0	1.5
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	4.5	3.5	4.0	4.5	3.5
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	121,150	60,535	60,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	75,835	37,220	38,615	62.6	61.5	63.7
In bottom decile	14,385	7,040	7,340	11.9	11.6	12.1
In second decile	16,650	7,950	8,695	13.7	13.1	14.3
In third decile	15,865	7,805	8,060	13.1	12.9	13.3
In fourth decile	15,130	7,505	7,625	12.5	12.4	12.6
In fifth decile	13,805	6,915	6,890	11.4	11.4	11.4
In top half of the distribution	45,310	23,310	22,005	37.4	38.5	36.3
In sixth decile	12,175	6,205	5,970	10.0	10.3	9.8
In seventh decile	10,545	5,380	5,165	8.7	8.9	8.5
In eighth decile	8,605	4,445	4,165	7.1	7.3	6.9
In ninth decile	7,350	3,820	3,530	6.1	6.3	5.8
In top decile	6,635	3,460	3,180	5.5	5.7	5.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	121,150	...	...	121,150	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.341	...	...	0.341	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.495	...	...	0.495	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.289	...	...	0.289	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	122,550	61,075	61,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	1,565	820	745	1.3	1.3	1.2
French only	65,805	31,440	34,360	53.7	51.5	55.9
English and French	55,095	28,765	26,330	45.0	47.1	42.8
Neither English nor French	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	122,550	61,075	61,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	6,950	3,660	3,290	5.7	6.0	5.4
French	114,575	56,880	57,690	93.5	93.1	93.8
English and French	955	505	455	0.8	0.8	0.7
Neither English nor French	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	122,550	61,075	61,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	120,405	59,985	60,415	98.2	98.2	98.3
Official languages	117,755	58,665	59,090	96.1	96.1	96.1
English	5,740	3,050	2,690	4.7	5.0	4.4
French	112,015	55,615	56,400	91.4	91.1	91.7
Non-official languages	2,650	1,325	1,325	2.2	2.2	2.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,640	1,315	1,315	2.2	2.2	2.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	210	130	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	200	120	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	185	110	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,030	1,030	1,005	1.7	1.7	1.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	320	135	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	305	135	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	410	205	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	300	145	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
German	265	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,190	615	575	1.0	1.0	0.9
Catalan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	320	195	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	620	305	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,145	1,090	1,055	1.8	1.8	1.7
English and French	1,680	850	825	1.4	1.4	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	235	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	122,550	61,075	61,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	4,615	2,430	2,185	3.8	4.0	3.6
French	108,955	54,140	54,815	88.9	88.6	89.2
Non-official language	415	235	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	415	235	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
English and French	6,465	3,270	3,195	5.3	5.4	5.2
English and non-official language(s)	305	135	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	795	380	415	0.6	0.6	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	975	475	500	0.8	0.8	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	122,550	61,075	61,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	120,600	60,125	60,480	98.4	98.4	98.4
Official languages	119,835	59,715	60,115	97.8	97.8	97.8
English	6,210	3,250	2,965	5.1	5.3	4.8
French	113,630	56,470	57,155	92.7	92.5	93.0
Non-official languages	765	410	360	0.6	0.7	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	765	405	355	0.6	0.7	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	565	300	265	0.5	0.5	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	375	200	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	65	30	30	0.1	0.0	0.0
Spanish	250	145	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,945	950	995	1.6	1.6	1.6
English and French	1,545	780	765	1.3	1.3	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	240	95	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	122,550	61,075	61,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	115,715	57,660	58,050	94.4	94.4	94.4
English	3,930	1,950	1,985	3.2	3.2	3.2
French	1,380	710	665	1.1	1.2	1.1
Non-official language	770	375	395	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	760	365	390	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	395	190	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	180	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	121,150	60,545	60,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	121,075	60,520	60,555	99.9	100.0	99.9
English	56,225	29,430	26,795	46.4	48.6	44.2
French	119,470	59,670	59,810	98.6	98.6	98.7
Non-official languages	8,310	3,865	4,445	6.9	6.4	7.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,245	3,825	4,420	6.8	6.3	7.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	415	255	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	410	255	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	330	200	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	90	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,150	3,300	3,850	5.9	5.5	6.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	460	220	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	30	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	445	205	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	190	90	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	155	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	850	410	435	0.7	0.7	0.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	680	325	360	0.6	0.5	0.6
German	595	285	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	160	90	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	130	85	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,825	2,615	3,215	4.8	4.3	5.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,060	530	535	0.9	0.9	0.9
Portuguese	315	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	4,665	2,040	2,625	3.9	3.4	4.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	45	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	10	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	60	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	121,150	60,545	60,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,040	2,060	1,980	3.3	3.4	3.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,845	1,935	1,910	3.2	3.2	3.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,590	785	805	1.3	1.3	1.3
Métis	2,175	1,105	1,075	1.8	1.8	1.8
Inuk (Inuit)	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	80	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	115	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	117,110	58,485	58,625	96.7	96.6	96.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	121,150	60,545	60,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	555	305	250	0.5	0.5	0.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	120,590	60,240	60,350	99.5	99.5	99.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	61,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	43,905	...	...	71.9	...	...
Renter	17,185	...	...	28.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	61,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,110	...	...	8.4	...	...
Not condominium	55,975	...	...	91.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	61,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	160	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	7,935	...	...	13.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	20,890	...	...	34.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	21,710	...	...	35.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,395	...	...	17.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	61,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	17,830	...	...	29.2	...	...
5 rooms	11,530	...	...	18.9	...	...
6 rooms	9,100	...	...	14.9	...	...
7 rooms	7,720	...	...	12.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,905	...	...	24.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	61,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	60,910	...	...	99.7	...	...
More than one person per room	175	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	61,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	59,985	...	...	98.2	...	...
Not suitable	1,100	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	61,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	11,205	...	...	18.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	17,720	...	...	29.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,465	...	...	13.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,620	...	...	10.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,255	...	...	7.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,915	...	...	8.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,810	...	...	6.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,095	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	61,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	56,940	...	...	93.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,145	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	61,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	35,420	...	...	58.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	24,630	...	...	40.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,035	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	61,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	925	...	...	1.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,080	...	...	8.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,660	...	...	12.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,805	...	...	14.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	15,685	...	...	25.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	14,245	...	...	23.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,930	...	...	11.3	...	...
85 years and over	1,755	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	60,765	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	50,830	...	...	83.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,930	...	...	16.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,155	...	...	15.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	61,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,145	...	...	23.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,025	...	...	14.8	...	...
Not suitable only	905	...	...	1.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,185	...	...	5.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	70	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	830	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	120	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	46,945	...	...	76.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	59,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,820	...	...	6.4	...	...
Not in core need	56,165	...	...	93.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	43,755	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.2	...	...	56.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.6	...	...	11.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	830	...	...	830	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	981	...	...	981	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	280,000	...	...	280,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	334,800	...	...	334,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,175	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.5	...	...	28.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.0	...	...	13.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	745	...	...	745	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	812	...	...	812	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	121,150	60,545	60,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,565	1,665	1,895	2.9	2.8	3.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,460	1,640	1,820	2.9	2.7	3.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,725	1,275	1,450	2.2	2.1	2.4
Métis single ancestry	690	340	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	100	30	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	100	25	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,660	2,320	2,345	3.8	3.8	3.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,620	2,290	2,325	3.8	3.8	3.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,930	1,955	1,975	3.2	3.2	3.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	625	300	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	112,925	56,565	56,360	93.2	93.4	93.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	121,145	60,545	60,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	119,600	59,755	59,845	98.7	98.7	98.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,725	9,180	8,540	14.6	15.2	14.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	101,880	50,580	51,300	84.1	83.5	84.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,550	790	755	1.3	1.3	1.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	121,145	60,545	60,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	115,480	57,600	57,880	95.3	95.1	95.5
Immigrants⁸¹	5,320	2,730	2,595	4.4	4.5	4.3
Before 1980	1,765	930	830	1.5	1.5	1.4
1980 to 1990	580	320	260	0.5	0.5	0.4
1991 to 2000	890	455	435	0.7	0.8	0.7
2001 to 2010	1,185	575	610	1.0	0.9	1.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	895	450	445	0.7	0.7	0.7
2011 to 2015	445	225	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
2016 to 2021	450	220	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	350	215	130	0.3	0.4	0.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,325	2,725	2,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	550	290	260	10.3	10.6	10.0
5 to 14 years	770	415	355	14.5	15.2	13.7
15 to 24 years	1,135	550	590	21.3	20.2	22.7
25 to 44 years	2,430	1,265	1,170	45.6	46.4	45.1
45 years and over	435	215	220	8.2	7.9	8.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,325	2,725	2,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	780	310	470	14.6	11.4	18.1
Brazil	45	10	40	0.8	0.4	1.5
Colombia	40	15	25	0.8	0.6	1.0
El Salvador	25	10	15	0.5	0.4	0.6
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	60	30	30	1.1	1.1	1.2
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	120	65	55	2.3	2.4	2.1
Peru	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
United States of America	195	65	135	3.7	2.4	5.2
Other places of birth in Americas	270	110	160	5.1	4.0	6.2
Europe	3,580	1,950	1,630	67.2	71.6	62.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Croatia	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
France	1,940	1,080	865	36.4	39.6	33.3
Germany	170	80	95	3.2	2.9	3.7
Greece	25	20	10	0.5	0.7	0.4
Hungary	40	15	25	0.8	0.6	1.0
Italy	175	110	65	3.3	4.0	2.5
Netherlands	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Poland	95	40	60	1.8	1.5	2.3
Portugal	35	15	20	0.7	0.6	0.8
Romania	180	80	100	3.4	2.9	3.9
Russian Federation	35	10	30	0.7	0.4	1.2
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	255	180	80	4.8	6.6	3.1
Other places of birth in Europe	565	305	260	10.6	11.2	10.0
Africa	325	190	135	6.1	7.0	5.2
Algeria	55	35	20	1.0	1.3	0.8
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Egypt	65	55	15	1.2	2.0	0.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	80	35	45	1.5	1.3	1.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	100	50	50	1.9	1.8	1.9
Asia	595	250	350	11.2	9.2	13.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	25	20	10	0.5	0.7	0.4
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	100	55	50	1.9	2.0	1.9
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Turkey	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	105	40	70	2.0	1.5	2.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	15	0.4	0.4	0.6
Taiwan	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Philippines	85	25	60	1.6	0.9	2.3
Viet Nam	45	25	20	0.8	0.9	0.8
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
India	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	135	50	90	2.5	1.8	3.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	40	25	15	0.8	0.9	0.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	455	225	230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	85	60	25	18.7	26.7	10.9
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	20	15	0	4.4	6.7	0.0
United States of America	15	15	0	3.3	6.7	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	20	10	6.6	8.9	4.3
Europe	260	140	115	57.1	62.2	50.0
France	230	130	95	50.5	57.8	41.3
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	15	3.3	0.0	6.5
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	15	0	3.3	6.7	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	15	0	0	3.3	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	100	15	80	22.0	6.7	34.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	10	10	4.4	4.4	4.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	25	0	25	5.5	0.0	10.9
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	35	0	30	7.7	0.0	13.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	121,150	60,545	60,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	6,225	3,205	3,020	5.1	5.3	5.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,615	2,810	2,805	4.6	4.6	4.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	109,305	54,535	54,780	90.2	90.1	90.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,555	1,795	1,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,170	1,145	1,025	61.0	63.8	58.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,230	780	450	34.6	43.5	25.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	935	365	570	26.3	20.3	32.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,175	555	620	33.1	30.9	35.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	170	90	80	4.8	5.0	4.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	35	0	35	1.0	0.0	2.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,555	1,795	1,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	110	60	55	3.1	3.3	3.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	785	490	300	22.1	27.3	17.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	145	70	75	4.1	3.9	4.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	170	90	90	4.8	5.0	5.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30	15	20	0.8	0.8	1.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,310	1,075	1,230	65.0	59.9	69.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	121,150	60,545	60,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,010	980	1,030	1.7	1.6	1.7
South Asian	90	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	225	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black	415	220	200	0.3	0.4	0.3
Filipino	140	40	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Arab	225	135	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin American	515	260	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Southeast Asian	180	70	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
West Asian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japanese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	55	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	119,140	59,565	59,575	98.3	98.4	98.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	121,145	60,545	60,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	42,110	20,745	21,365	34.8	34.3	35.3
English	2,570	1,365	1,205	2.1	2.3	2.0
Irish	6,910	3,235	3,680	5.7	5.3	6.1
Scottish	2,710	1,295	1,420	2.2	2.1	2.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	33,475	17,175	16,300	27.6	28.4	26.9
German	2,110	915	1,195	1.7	1.5	2.0
Chinese	285	115	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Italian	3,220	1,560	1,660	2.7	2.6	2.7
Indian (India)	115	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	415	195	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
Dutch	360	190	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Polish	770	395	370	0.6	0.7	0.6
Québécois	17,000	8,490	8,510	14.0	14.0	14.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	585	290	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Filipino	120	25	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
French Canadian	10,630	5,350	5,280	8.8	8.8	8.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,115	1,085	1,025	1.7	1.8	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,060	1,420	1,635	2.5	2.3	2.7
Métis	1,460	690	770	1.2	1.1	1.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,575	790	785	1.3	1.3	1.3
Russian	475	205	270	0.4	0.3	0.4
Norwegian	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Welsh	130	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	415	250	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
American	690	355	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Spanish	660	330	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swedish	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	260	145	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Acadian	1,000	455	550	0.8	0.8	0.9
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	415	225	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	120	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	390	215	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jamaican	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	185	70	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	360	190	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lebanese	260	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,180	620	560	1.0	1.0	0.9
Danish	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	910	420	485	0.8	0.7	0.8
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belgian	1,090	580	510	0.9	1.0	0.8
Haitian	245	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	240	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	360	210	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	360	190	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	95	30	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	80	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	100	30	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	100	75	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	1,045	520	525	0.9	0.9	0.9
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	70	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Brunswicker	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	15	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	185	115	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	180	105	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latvian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Argentinian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	355	170	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	260	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealander	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	315	170	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	345	175	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	150	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	200	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	121,150	60,545	60,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	165	55	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Christian	83,720	40,980	42,740	69.1	67.7	70.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,255	2,160	2,095	3.5	3.6	3.5
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	560	235	325	0.5	0.4	0.5
Baptist	160	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Catholic	76,210	37,315	38,895	62.9	61.6	64.2
Christian Orthodox	435	235	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	650	335	315	0.5	0.6	0.5
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	180	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Presbyterian	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	200	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	895	375	515	0.7	0.6	0.8
Hindu	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	610	320	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Muslim	210	120	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	36,145	18,920	17,230	29.8	31.2	28.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	120,240	60,060	60,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	103,780	52,140	51,640	86.3	86.8	85.8
Movers	16,465	7,920	8,545	13.7	13.2	14.2
Non-migrants	5,395	2,540	2,850	4.5	4.2	4.7
Migrants	11,070	5,375	5,695	9.2	8.9	9.5
Internal migrants	10,885	5,270	5,615	9.1	8.8	9.3
Intraprovincial migrants	10,370	5,010	5,360	8.6	8.3	8.9
Interprovincial migrants	515	260	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
External migrants	185	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	116,685	58,235	58,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	67,110	33,880	33,225	57.5	58.2	56.8
Movers	49,580	24,360	25,220	42.5	41.8	43.1
Non-migrants	11,595	5,620	5,970	9.9	9.7	10.2
Migrants	37,985	18,740	19,245	32.6	32.2	32.9
Internal migrants	37,235	18,325	18,905	31.9	31.5	32.3
Intraprovincial migrants	36,055	17,730	18,325	30.9	30.4	31.4
Interprovincial migrants	1,175	595	580	1.0	1.0	1.0
External migrants	750	410	340	0.6	0.7	0.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	106,130	52,805	53,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	24,985	14,235	10,755	23.5	27.0	20.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	81,140	38,575	42,570	76.5	73.1	79.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,955	31,045	31,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,955	7,490	4,465	19.0	24.1	14.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	51,000	23,555	27,445	81.0	75.9	86.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	106,130	52,805	53,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	21,665	11,880	9,785	20.4	22.5	18.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,960	11,465	12,495	22.6	21.7	23.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	60,505	29,465	31,040	57.0	55.8	58.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	41,890	21,320	20,575	39.5	40.4	38.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20,400	12,165	8,235	19.2	23.0	15.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	14,955	7,810	7,140	14.1	14.8	13.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,445	4,360	1,095	5.1	8.3	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,250	7,345	9,910	16.3	13.9	18.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,235	1,805	2,430	4.0	3.4	4.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,615	8,145	10,470	17.5	15.4	19.6
Bachelor's degree	12,265	5,195	7,075	11.6	9.8	13.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,670	690	975	1.6	1.3	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	665	345	325	0.6	0.7	0.6
Master's degree	3,505	1,615	1,890	3.3	3.1	3.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	510	295	205	0.5	0.6	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,955	31,045	31,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,735	5,935	3,800	15.5	19.1	11.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,930	5,885	6,040	19.0	19.0	18.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,290	19,225	22,070	65.6	61.9	69.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,915	14,460	14,455	45.9	46.6	45.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15,035	8,655	6,375	23.9	27.9	20.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,165	5,555	5,615	17.7	17.9	17.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,865	3,105	765	6.1	10.0	2.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,365	4,745	6,615	18.1	15.3	20.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,520	1,055	1,460	4.0	3.4	4.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,375	4,760	7,610	19.7	15.3	23.8
Bachelor's degree	8,455	3,235	5,225	13.4	10.4	16.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,015	310	705	1.6	1.0	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	480	195	285	0.8	0.6	0.9
Master's degree	2,160	875	1,290	3.4	2.8	4.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	255	145	115	0.4	0.5	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	106,130	52,805	53,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	45,625	23,345	22,285	43.0	44.2	41.8
Education	4,960	1,230	3,730	4.7	2.3	7.0
13. Education	4,960	1,230	3,730	4.7	2.3	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,380	975	1,405	2.2	1.8	2.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	295	235	60	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,085	740	1,350	2.0	1.4	2.5
Humanities	3,175	1,180	1,995	3.0	2.2	3.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	405	65	340	0.4	0.1	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	155	45	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,675	670	1,010	1.6	1.3	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	175	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	170	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
54. History	135	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	420	140	280	0.4	0.3	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,275	1,705	3,570	5.0	3.2	6.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	700	225	475	0.7	0.4	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	960	125	835	0.9	0.2	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	1,005	400	610	0.9	0.8	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	255	65	190	0.2	0.1	0.4
42. Psychology	960	195	765	0.9	0.4	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,320	685	630	1.2	1.3	1.2
Business, management and public administration	13,585	4,900	8,685	12.8	9.3	16.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	830	170	665	0.8	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,745	4,730	8,015	12.0	9.0	15.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,510	925	585	1.4	1.8	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	440	230	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	385	235	150	0.4	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	225	145	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
40. Physical sciences	350	275	75	0.3	0.5	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,245	810	435	1.2	1.5	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	980	700	275	0.9	1.3	0.5
25. Library science	105	0	100	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	130	80	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,965	11,150	820	11.3	21.1	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	490	335	155	0.5	0.6	0.3
14. Engineering	1,305	1,155	145	1.2	2.2	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,980	1,780	200	1.9	3.4	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,100	3,000	95	2.9	5.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,210	3,055	155	3.0	5.8	0.3
48. Precision production	1,885	1,820	60	1.8	3.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,150	1,400	750	2.0	2.7	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,000	460	535	0.9	0.9	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,150	940	210	1.1	1.8	0.4
Health and related fields	8,320	1,715	6,600	7.8	3.2	12.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	730	385	345	0.7	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,390	1,220	6,175	7.0	2.3	11.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	185	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,925	3,470	2,455	5.6	6.6	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,955	930	2,025	2.8	1.8	3.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,125	870	260	1.1	1.6	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,790	1,635	160	1.7	3.1	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	62,955	31,045	31,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,665	11,820	9,840	34.4	38.1	30.8
Education	2,830	565	2,265	4.5	1.8	7.1
13. Education	2,830	565	2,265	4.5	1.8	7.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,700	670	1,020	2.7	2.2	3.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	190	160	35	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,505	515	985	2.4	1.7	3.1
Humanities	1,765	610	1,155	2.8	2.0	3.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	205	10	195	0.3	0.0	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	95	20	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,030	420	615	1.6	1.4	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	90	50	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	215	55	165	0.3	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,555	945	2,610	5.6	3.0	8.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	475	135	340	0.8	0.4	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	740	80	655	1.2	0.3	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	625	190	435	1.0	0.6	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	155	50	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	630	95	535	1.0	0.3	1.7
45. Social sciences	875	375	500	1.4	1.2	1.6
Business, management and public administration	9,480	3,055	6,425	15.1	9.8	20.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	595	100	500	0.9	0.3	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,875	2,955	5,920	14.1	9.5	18.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	805	455	350	1.3	1.5	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	260	110	150	0.4	0.4	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	230	155	75	0.4	0.5	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	210	140	70	0.3	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	930	620	310	1.5	2.0	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	785	575	210	1.2	1.9	0.7
25. Library science	70	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,325	7,655	675	13.2	24.7	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	330	205	130	0.5	0.7	0.4
14. Engineering	965	850	120	1.5	2.7	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,280	1,110	170	2.0	3.6	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,205	2,135	70	3.5	6.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,330	2,200	130	3.7	7.1	0.4
48. Precision production	1,215	1,160	55	1.9	3.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,630	1,025	605	2.6	3.3	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	775	355	420	1.2	1.1	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	850	665	180	1.4	2.1	0.6
Health and related fields	5,815	1,125	4,690	9.2	3.6	14.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	510	260	250	0.8	0.8	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,150	790	4,360	8.2	2.5	13.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	150	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,455	2,495	1,960	7.1	8.0	6.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,275	675	1,600	3.6	2.2	5.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	810	585	220	1.3	1.9	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,340	1,210	130	2.1	3.9	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	62,955	31,045	31,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,665	11,820	9,840	34.4	38.1	30.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	41,290	19,225	22,065	65.6	61.9	69.2
Location of study inside Canada	39,305	18,140	21,165	62.4	58.4	66.3
Same as province or territory of residence	37,955	17,530	20,420	60.3	56.5	64.0
Different than province or territory of residence	1,350	610	745	2.1	2.0	2.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,985	1,085	905	3.2	3.5	2.8
Americas	430	230	200	0.7	0.7	0.6
United States of America	270	140	130	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mexico	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Europe	1,360	775	585	2.2	2.5	1.8
Belgium	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	915	555	360	1.5	1.8	1.1
Germany	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	95	65	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Africa	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	125	35	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oceania	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	106,130	52,805	53,330	...	...	...
In the labour force	58,815	30,530	28,280	...	...	...
Employed	52,985	27,500	25,480	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,825	3,025	2,800	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	47,320	22,275	25,045	...	...	...
Participation rate	55.4	57.8	53.0	55.4	57.8	53.0
Employment rate	49.9	52.1	47.8	49.9	52.1	47.8
Unemployment rate	9.9	9.9	9.9	9.9	9.9	9.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	106,130	52,805	53,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	44,895	20,765	24,135	42.3	39.3	45.3
Worked	61,235	32,040	29,195	57.7	60.7	54.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	27,420	14,715	12,710	25.8	27.9	23.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	33,815	17,325	16,480	31.9	32.8	30.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.3	39.5	39.1	39.3	39.5	39.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	58,810	30,530	28,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,310	635	675	2.2	2.1	2.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	57,500	29,895	27,610	97.8	97.9	97.6
Employee	45,940	22,940	23,000	78.1	75.1	81.3
Permanent position	36,800	18,345	18,455	62.6	60.1	65.2
Temporary position	9,140	4,600	4,545	15.5	15.1	16.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,330	975	1,360	4.0	3.2	4.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,810	3,625	3,190	11.6	11.9	11.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	11,560	6,950	4,610	19.7	22.8	16.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	58,810	30,530	28,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,310	635	675	2.2	2.1	2.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	57,500	29,895	27,610	97.8	97.9	97.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,525	1,145	385	2.6	3.8	1.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,435	2,270	6,165	14.3	7.4	21.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,675	2,075	605	4.5	6.8	2.1
3 Health occupations	4,890	970	3,925	8.3	3.2	13.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,045	2,030	5,015	12.0	6.6	17.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,830	870	960	3.1	2.8	3.4
6 Sales and service occupations	16,435	7,285	9,150	27.9	23.9	32.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,185	10,385	800	19.0	34.0	2.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,855	1,510	350	3.2	4.9	1.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,615	1,360	260	2.7	4.5	0.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	58,810	30,530	28,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,310	635	675	2.2	2.1	2.4
All industries¹⁹¹	57,500	29,895	27,610	97.8	97.9	97.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,400	965	435	2.4	3.2	1.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	405	345	60	0.7	1.1	0.2
22 Utilities	290	205	85	0.5	0.7	0.3
23 Construction	5,685	4,880	805	9.7	16.0	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	3,350	2,520	830	5.7	8.3	2.9
41 Wholesale trade	1,415	935	475	2.4	3.1	1.7
44-45 Retail trade	7,845	3,730	4,115	13.3	12.2	14.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,280	1,720	560	3.9	5.6	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	775	425	345	1.3	1.4	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	1,260	515	745	2.1	1.7	2.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,230	645	580	2.1	2.1	2.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,840	2,000	1,835	6.5	6.6	6.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,660	1,720	940	4.5	5.6	3.3
61 Educational services	4,025	1,185	2,845	6.8	3.9	10.1
62 Health care and social assistance	8,460	1,640	6,825	14.4	5.4	24.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,165	1,235	925	3.7	4.0	3.3
72 Accommodation and food services	4,385	2,090	2,290	7.5	6.8	8.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,820	1,355	1,465	4.8	4.4	5.2
91 Public administration	3,155	1,740	1,425	5.4	5.7	5.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	65,165	34,055	31,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,920	1,175	745	2.9	3.5	2.4
French	49,515	25,765	23,745	76.0	75.7	76.3
Non-official language	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	13,360	6,915	6,450	20.5	20.3	20.7
English and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	270	145	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	65,165	34,055	31,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	63,130	33,010	30,120	96.9	96.9	96.8
Official languages	63,085	32,985	30,100	96.8	96.9	96.8
English	3,940	2,340	1,600	6.0	6.9	5.1
French	59,145	30,640	28,500	90.8	90.0	91.6
Non-official languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,040	1,045	995	3.1	3.1	3.2
English and French	2,000	1,035	965	3.1	3.0	3.1
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	65,165	34,055	31,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	53,430	27,970	25,465	82.0	82.1	81.9
English	9,510	4,805	4,710	14.6	14.1	15.1
French	1,920	1,105	815	2.9	3.2	2.6
Non-official language	95	65	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	95	65	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	110	50	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	90	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	52,985	27,505	25,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,940	4,360	4,580	16.9	15.9	18.0
Worked outside Canada	90	60	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	7,915	6,045	1,870	14.9	22.0	7.3
Usual place of work	36,045	17,035	19,005	68.0	61.9	74.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	36,040	17,035	19,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	14,800	6,665	8,135	41.1	39.1	42.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,515	4,630	5,885	29.2	27.2	31.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	10,605	5,650	4,955	29.4	33.2	26.1
Commute to a different province or territory	120	95	30	0.3	0.6	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	43,955	23,080	20,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	40,465	21,365	19,100	92.1	92.6	91.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	38,545	20,510	18,035	87.7	88.9	86.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,920	860	1,065	4.4	3.7	5.1
Public transit	365	195	170	0.8	0.8	0.8
Walked	2,070	895	1,175	4.7	3.9	5.6
Bicycle	195	130	65	0.4	0.6	0.3
Other method	860	485	370	2.0	2.1	1.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	43,955	23,080	20,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	16,675	7,880	8,800	37.9	34.1	42.2
15 to 29 minutes	13,510	6,640	6,870	30.7	28.8	32.9
30 to 44 minutes	6,765	3,790	2,975	15.4	16.4	14.3
45 to 59 minutes	2,940	1,845	1,100	6.7	8.0	5.3
60 minutes and over	4,065	2,930	1,135	9.2	12.7	5.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	43,955	23,080	20,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,930	2,400	535	6.7	10.4	2.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,135	5,065	2,070	16.2	21.9	9.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,480	6,755	6,715	30.7	29.3	32.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,980	3,960	6,025	22.7	17.2	28.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,005	1,835	3,175	11.4	8.0	15.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,425	3,065	2,360	12.3	13.3	11.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,280	9,440	8,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,065	1,070	995	11.3	11.3	11.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,215	8,370	7,840	88.7	88.7	88.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,525	6,990	6,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,550	795	755	11.5	11.4	11.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,030	525	510	7.6	7.5	7.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	515	270	250	3.8	3.9	3.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,975	6,195	5,780	88.5	88.6	88.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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