Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Lac-Saint-JeanMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	92,035	46,150	45,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14,085	7,225	6,860	15.3	15.7	15.0
0 to 4 years	4,005	2,030	1,975	4.4	4.4	4.3
5 to 9 years	4,785	2,515	2,265	5.2	5.4	4.9
10 to 14 years	5,295	2,675	2,620	5.8	5.8	5.7
15 to 64 years	53,790	27,375	26,410	58.4	59.3	57.6
15 to 19 years	4,520	2,270	2,250	4.9	4.9	4.9
20 to 24 years	4,055	2,155	1,900	4.4	4.7	4.1
25 to 29 years	4,065	2,105	1,965	4.4	4.6	4.3
30 to 34 years	4,375	2,160	2,220	4.8	4.7	4.8
35 to 39 years	5,155	2,650	2,505	5.6	5.7	5.5
40 to 44 years	5,585	2,925	2,665	6.1	6.3	5.8
45 to 49 years	4,685	2,375	2,315	5.1	5.1	5.0
50 to 54 years	4,940	2,500	2,440	5.4	5.4	5.3
55 to 59 years	7,465	3,735	3,725	8.1	8.1	8.1
60 to 64 years	8,940	4,510	4,430	9.7	9.8	9.7
65 years and over	24,155	11,550	12,605	26.2	25.0	27.5
65 to 69 years	7,785	4,025	3,760	8.5	8.7	8.2
70 to 74 years	6,190	3,075	3,115	6.7	6.7	6.8
75 to 79 years	4,505	2,170	2,335	4.9	4.7	5.1
80 to 84 years	2,845	1,255	1,590	3.1	2.7	3.5
85 years and over	2,830	1,025	1,805	3.1	2.2	3.9
85 to 89 years	1,780	685	1,090	1.9	1.5	2.4
90 to 94 years	805	250	550	0.9	0.5	1.2
95 to 99 years	215	80	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
100 years and over	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.3	15.7	15.0	15.3	15.7	15.0
15 to 64 years	58.4	59.3	57.6	58.4	59.3	57.6
65 years and over	26.2	25.0	27.5	26.2	25.0	27.5
85 years and over	3.1	2.2	3.9	3.1	2.2	3.9
Average age of the population	46.1	45.4	46.9	46.1	45.4	46.9
Median age of the population	49.2	48.0	50.4	49.2	48.0	50.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	41,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	26,380	...	...	62.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,155	...	...	5.1	...	...
Row house	560	...	...	1.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,235	...	...	10.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,605	...	...	18.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	345	...	...	0.8	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	630	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	41,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	14,810	...	...	35.3	...	...
2 persons	16,430	...	...	39.2	...	...
3 persons	4,420	...	...	10.5	...	...
4 persons	4,105	...	...	9.8	...	...
5 or more persons	2,175	...	...	5.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	89,060	44,960	44,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	77,945	38,930	39,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	46,490	23,155	23,330	59.6	59.5	59.8
Married	25,650	12,800	12,855	32.9	32.9	32.9
Living common-law	20,835	10,360	10,480	26.7	26.6	26.9
Living common law - Never married	16,385	8,145	8,245	21.0	20.9	21.1
Living common law - Separated	235	105	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	3,615	1,860	1,750	4.6	4.8	4.5
Living common law - Widowed	600	240	355	0.8	0.6	0.9
Not married and not living common-law	31,455	15,770	15,685	40.4	40.5	40.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	20,285	11,525	8,765	26.0	29.6	22.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	995	490	505	1.3	1.3	1.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,225	2,485	2,740	6.7	6.4	7.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,945	1,275	3,670	6.3	3.3	9.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	26,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,250	...	...	61.6	...	...
3 persons	4,230	...	...	16.0	...	...
4 persons	3,985	...	...	15.1	...	...
5 or more persons	1,915	...	...	7.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	26,390	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	22,830	...	...	86.5	...	...
Married couples	12,410	...	...	47.0	...	...
With children⁶	3,190	...	...	12.1	...	...
Without children	9,220	...	...	34.9	...	...
Common-law couples	10,415	...	...	39.5	...	...
With children⁶	5,425	...	...	20.6	...	...
Without children	4,990	...	...	18.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,560	...	...	13.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,465	...	...	9.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,095	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	89,060	44,960	44,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	71,280	35,590	35,690	80.0	79.2	80.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	45,655	22,755	22,900	51.3	50.6	51.9
Parents in one-parent families	3,560	1,095	2,465	4.0	2.4	5.6
Children⁶	22,060	11,740	10,320	24.8	26.1	23.4
In a two-parent family	16,475	8,685	7,790	18.5	19.3	17.7
In a one-parent family	5,595	3,060	2,530	6.3	6.8	5.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,775	9,375	8,410	20.0	20.9	19.1
Living alone	14,810	7,755	7,050	16.6	17.2	16.0
Living with other relatives⁷	1,425	675	745	1.6	1.5	1.7
Living with non-relatives only	1,540	940	610	1.7	2.1	1.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	41,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	25,375	...	...	60.5	...	...
Couple-family households	22,135	...	...	52.8	...	...
With children⁶	8,345	...	...	19.9	...	...
Without children	13,790	...	...	32.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,240	...	...	7.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	250	...	...	0.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	70	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	520	...	...	1.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	920	...	...	2.2	...	...
One-person households	14,810	...	...	35.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	75,000	37,755	37,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,935	37,285	36,645	98.6	98.8	98.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	46,000	32,800	39,200	46,000	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,945	37,290	36,650	98.6	98.8	98.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,400	29,800	34,800	40,400	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,995	33,955	31,040	86.7	89.9	83.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	38,400	24,200	31,200	38,400	24,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	50,080	27,090	22,995	66.8	71.8	61.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	40,400	27,600	33,600	40,400	27,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,225	30,615	32,605	84.3	81.1	87.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,700	12,400	12,800	12,700	12,400	12,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,715	7,405	5,315	17.0	19.6	14.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800	6,200	5,320	5,800	6,200	5,320
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,690	9,770	8,920	24.9	25.9	23.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,480	6,000	6,000	5,480	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	75,085	37,815	37,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,960	37,310	36,645	98.5	98.7	98.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,520	52,450	38,440	45,520	52,450	38,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,975	37,325	36,645	98.5	98.7	98.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,560	43,480	33,560	38,560	43,480	33,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,820	33,945	30,875	86.3	89.8	82.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,160	46,160	31,440	39,160	46,160	31,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	50,035	27,225	22,805	66.6	72.0	61.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	46,200	34,360	40,800	46,200	34,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,150	30,565	32,580	84.1	80.8	87.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,100	12,730	13,460	13,100	12,730	13,460
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,740	7,475	5,260	17.0	19.8	14.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,210	7,390	6,950	7,210	7,390	6,950
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,545	9,810	8,730	24.7	25.9	23.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,990	6,660	7,350	6,990	6,660	7,350
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	75,085	37,815	37,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	22,975	12,675	10,295	30.6	33.5	27.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	61,200	46,000	54,000	61,200	46,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,400	67,200	52,050	60,400	67,200	52,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,455	10,680	9,775	27.2	28.2	26.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,800	24,800	15,300	19,800	24,800	15,300
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,400	32,680	21,600	27,400	32,680	21,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	75.4	80.2	68.8	75.4	80.2	68.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.7	64.2	55.6	60.7	64.2	55.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.6	19.9	31.1	24.6	19.9	31.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.7	2.8	2.6	2.7	2.8	2.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.8	4.0	5.8	4.8	4.0	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	3.3	4.6	3.9	3.3	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	75,000	37,755	37,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,070	470	600	1.4	1.2	1.6
With total income	73,935	37,285	36,645	98.6	98.8	98.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,710	1,675	3,040	6.4	4.5	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	10,280	3,665	6,620	13.9	9.8	18.0
$20,000 to $29,999	12,815	5,620	7,195	17.3	15.1	19.6
$30,000 to $39,999	10,155	4,630	5,525	13.7	12.4	15.1
$40,000 to $49,999	9,770	5,050	4,715	13.2	13.5	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	7,995	4,560	3,435	10.8	12.2	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	5,375	3,500	1,875	7.3	9.4	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	3,775	2,475	1,295	5.1	6.7	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,850	1,690	1,160	3.9	4.5	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,820	1,150	670	2.5	3.1	1.8
$100,000 and over	4,390	3,265	1,125	5.9	8.8	3.1
$100,000 to $149,999	3,485	2,590	890	4.7	6.9	2.4
$150,000 and over	905	675	235	1.2	1.8	0.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	75,000	37,755	37,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,060	465	595	1.4	1.2	1.6
With after-tax income	73,945	37,290	36,650	98.6	98.8	98.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,105	1,765	3,340	6.9	4.7	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	10,730	3,890	6,835	14.5	10.4	18.7
$20,000 to $29,999	14,860	6,515	8,340	20.1	17.5	22.8
$30,000 to $39,999	12,840	6,335	6,510	17.4	17.0	17.7
$40,000 to $49,999	11,400	6,545	4,855	15.4	17.6	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	7,410	4,735	2,675	10.0	12.7	7.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,695	2,825	1,870	6.4	7.6	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	2,855	1,770	1,090	3.9	4.7	3.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,695	1,180	520	2.3	3.2	1.4
$90,000 to $99,999	925	695	230	1.3	1.9	0.6
$100,000 and over	1,425	1,030	390	1.9	2.8	1.1
$100,000 to $124,999	825	600	230	1.1	1.6	0.6
$125,000 and over	600	430	165	0.8	1.2	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	75,000	37,755	37,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	24,920	10,670	14,250	33.2	28.3	38.2
With employment income	50,080	27,090	22,995	66.8	71.7	61.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,455	3,555	2,900	12.9	13.1	12.6
$5,000 to $9,999	4,135	1,695	2,440	8.2	6.2	10.6
$10,000 to $19,999	6,645	2,885	3,760	13.3	10.6	16.4
$20,000 to $29,999	5,695	2,595	3,090	11.4	9.6	13.5
$30,000 to $39,999	5,595	2,695	2,900	11.2	9.9	12.6
$40,000 to $49,999	5,200	2,705	2,490	10.4	10.0	10.8
$50,000 to $59,999	4,085	2,530	1,555	8.2	9.4	6.8
$60,000 to $69,999	3,225	2,185	1,040	6.4	8.0	4.5
$70,000 to $79,999	2,345	1,590	765	4.7	5.9	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,240	1,255	985	4.5	4.6	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,250	860	390	2.5	3.2	1.7
$100,000 and over	3,225	2,545	680	6.4	9.4	3.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,915	1,520	395	3.8	5.6	1.7
$125,000 and over	1,310	1,020	285	2.6	3.8	1.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	75,000	37,755	37,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,115	36,885	36,230	97.5	97.7	97.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	44,800	29,000	36,800	44,800	29,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,180	36,885	36,290	97.6	97.7	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	38,800	26,800	32,800	38,800	26,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,275	33,665	30,610	85.7	89.2	82.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	40,000	25,000	31,800	40,000	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	50,860	27,425	23,435	67.8	72.6	62.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	41,600	27,400	33,600	41,600	27,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,440	28,080	30,360	77.9	74.4	81.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,000	9,500	10,500	10,000	9,500	10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	12,960	7,685	5,275	17.3	20.4	14.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,200	5,600	4,720	5,200	5,600	4,720
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	75,085	37,815	37,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,105	36,875	36,230	97.4	97.5	97.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,520	51,200	35,680	43,520	51,200	35,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,185	36,875	36,315	97.5	97.5	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,680	42,240	31,040	36,680	42,240	31,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,110	33,665	30,450	85.4	89.0	81.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,720	47,320	31,280	39,720	47,320	31,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50,685	27,520	23,160	67.5	72.8	62.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,760	46,800	33,560	40,760	46,800	33,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,300	28,050	30,250	77.6	74.2	81.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,880	10,480	11,250	10,880	10,480	11,250
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,775	7,660	5,110	17.0	20.3	13.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,990	6,840	7,200	6,990	6,840	7,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	75,085	37,815	37,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	22,895	12,635	10,260	30.5	33.4	27.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,600	59,600	43,200	51,600	59,600	43,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,850	65,300	48,640	57,850	65,300	48,640
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,585	10,335	9,255	26.1	27.3	24.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,600	28,800	18,200	22,600	28,800	18,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,600	36,720	23,780	30,600	36,720	23,780
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	80.0	84.4	73.6	80.0	84.4	73.6
Employment income (%)	65.0	68.2	60.1	65.0	68.2	60.1
Government transfers (%)	20.0	15.6	26.3	20.0	15.6	26.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.8	2.8	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	41,940	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...	58,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	14,810	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,000	...	...	32,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	27,135	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	41,930	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	80,300	...	...	80,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	14,785	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,280	...	...	42,280	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,080	...	...	36,080	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	27,145	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,900	...	...	100,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,400	...	...	85,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	41,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	190	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	215	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	625	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,020	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,145	...	...	7.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,570	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,745	...	...	4.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,480	...	...	5.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,170	...	...	5.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,005	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,680	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,265	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,900	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,690	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,225	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,010	...	...	28.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,550	...	...	10.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,875	...	...	6.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,010	...	...	7.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,570	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	41,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	235	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	225	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	650	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,070	...	...	2.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,305	...	...	7.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,995	...	...	4.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,210	...	...	5.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,920	...	...	7.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,570	...	...	6.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,240	...	...	5.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,150	...	...	9.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,815	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,160	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,845	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,375	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,180	...	...	19.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,920	...	...	9.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,220	...	...	5.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,045	...	...	4.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,540	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,840	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,655	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,480	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,355	8,695	7,660	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	40,000	29,400	34,800	40,000	29,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,400	35,200	27,800	31,400	35,200	27,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,500	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,400	...	...	101,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,800	...	...	85,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,810	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,400	...	...	84,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,800	...	...	71,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,645	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,200	...	...	140,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,500	...	...	116,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,470	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,400	...	...	73,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	16,345	8,695	7,650	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,480	46,440	35,840	41,480	46,440	35,840
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,480	38,720	31,800	35,480	38,720	31,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	89,060	44,960	44,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,795	8,605	8,190	18.9	19.1	18.6
0 to 5 years	4,915	2,510	2,410	5.5	5.6	5.5
18 to 64 years	50,495	25,565	24,925	56.7	56.9	56.5
65 years and over	21,770	10,785	10,975	24.4	24.0	24.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,360	5,135	6,225	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,330	690	640	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	440	230	210	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,640	2,235	2,410	...	...	...
65 years and over	5,390	2,210	3,175	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.8	11.4	14.1	12.8	11.4	14.1
0 to 17 years (%)	7.9	8.0	7.8	7.9	8.0	7.8
0 to 5 years (%)	9.0	9.1	8.8	9.0	9.1	8.8
18 to 64 years (%)	9.2	8.7	9.7	9.2	8.7	9.7
65 years and over (%)	24.8	20.5	28.9	24.8	20.5	28.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	87,060	43,960	43,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,375	8,390	7,985	18.8	19.1	18.5
0 to 5 years	4,795	2,445	2,350	5.5	5.6	5.5
18 to 64 years	49,280	24,955	24,330	56.6	56.8	56.4
65 years and over	21,405	10,610	10,795	24.6	24.1	25.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,110	1,095	1,015	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	220	115	110	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	70	45	25	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,645	885	760	...	...	...
65 years and over	245	95	150	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.5	2.4
0 to 17 years (%)	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.3
0 to 5 years (%)	1.5	1.8	1.2	1.5	1.8	1.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.3	3.6	3.1	3.3	3.6	3.1
65 years and over (%)	1.1	0.9	1.4	1.1	0.9	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	89,060	44,960	44,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	53,065	26,125	26,940	59.6	58.1	61.1
In bottom decile	8,785	3,935	4,855	9.9	8.8	11.0
In second decile	10,945	5,300	5,645	12.3	11.8	12.8
In third decile	10,840	5,440	5,400	12.2	12.1	12.2
In fourth decile	11,445	5,785	5,660	12.9	12.9	12.8
In fifth decile	11,045	5,660	5,385	12.4	12.6	12.2
In top half of the distribution	35,990	18,835	17,160	40.4	41.9	38.9
In sixth decile	9,850	5,185	4,665	11.1	11.5	10.6
In seventh decile	9,500	4,920	4,585	10.7	10.9	10.4
In eighth decile	7,650	3,965	3,685	8.6	8.8	8.4
In ninth decile	5,730	3,025	2,705	6.4	6.7	6.1
In top decile	3,260	1,740	1,515	3.7	3.9	3.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	89,055	...	...	89,055	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.286	...	...	0.286	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.427	...	...	0.427	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.248	...	...	0.248	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	90,805	45,505	45,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French only	75,470	36,585	38,885	83.1	80.4	85.8
English and French	15,215	8,860	6,350	16.8	19.5	14.0
Neither English nor French	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	90,805	45,505	45,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	335	160	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
French	90,335	45,275	45,060	99.5	99.5	99.5
English and French	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	90,805	45,505	45,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	90,410	45,310	45,105	99.6	99.6	99.6
Official languages	89,775	44,970	44,805	98.9	98.8	98.9
English	340	160	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
French	89,435	44,810	44,630	98.5	98.5	98.5
Non-official languages	640	335	300	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	270	130	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages	265	130	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	265	125	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Atikamekw	160	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	365	205	160	0.4	0.5	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	220	130	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	175	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	140	85	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	390	195	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	250	110	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	120	70	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	90,805	45,505	45,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
French	88,940	44,490	44,450	97.9	97.8	98.1
Non-official language	170	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	1,025	580	450	1.1	1.3	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	400	205	195	0.4	0.5	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	90,805	45,505	45,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	90,545	45,380	45,160	99.7	99.7	99.7
Official languages	90,260	45,230	45,030	99.4	99.4	99.4
English	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
French	90,060	45,130	44,925	99.2	99.2	99.2
Non-official languages	285	150	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Atikamekw	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	145	95	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	110	70	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	100	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	260	125	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	150	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	90,805	45,505	45,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	89,475	44,760	44,720	98.5	98.4	98.7
English	840	495	345	0.9	1.1	0.8
French	165	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	89,055	44,960	44,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	89,005	44,925	44,085	99.9	99.9	100.0
English	15,190	8,880	6,305	17.1	19.8	14.3
French	88,935	44,895	44,045	99.9	99.9	99.9
Non-official languages	2,270	1,115	1,155	2.5	2.5	2.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	450	210	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Algonquian languages	435	205	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	430	205	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Atikamekw	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	210	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,840	915	920	2.1	2.0	2.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	70	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	115	70	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	115	70	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,450	725	735	1.6	1.6	1.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	45	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	45	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,360	675	680	1.5	1.5	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	70	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,280	635	645	1.4	1.4	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	89,055	44,960	44,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,470	3,280	3,195	7.3	7.3	7.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,165	3,135	3,025	6.9	7.0	6.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,950	1,970	1,980	4.4	4.4	4.5
Métis	2,130	1,120	1,010	2.4	2.5	2.3
Inuk (Inuit)	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	235	105	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous identity	82,585	41,680	40,905	92.7	92.7	92.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	89,055	44,960	44,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,695	1,800	1,895	4.1	4.0	4.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	85,360	43,165	42,195	95.9	96.0	95.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	41,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	29,970	...	...	71.5	...	...
Renter	11,890	...	...	28.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	70	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	41,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,740	...	...	6.5	...	...
Not condominium	39,195	...	...	93.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	41,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	4,095	...	...	9.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,760	...	...	28.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	13,900	...	...	33.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,095	...	...	28.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	41,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,905	...	...	26.0	...	...
5 rooms	6,960	...	...	16.6	...	...
6 rooms	5,510	...	...	13.1	...	...
7 rooms	5,325	...	...	12.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,235	...	...	31.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	41,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	41,845	...	...	99.8	...	...
More than one person per room	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	41,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	41,540	...	...	99.1	...	...
Not suitable	385	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	41,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	10,760	...	...	25.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,295	...	...	34.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,990	...	...	14.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,675	...	...	11.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,475	...	...	3.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,560	...	...	3.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,850	...	...	4.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,325	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	41,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	39,795	...	...	94.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,140	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	41,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	24,840	...	...	59.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	16,645	...	...	39.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	445	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	41,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,115	...	...	2.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,555	...	...	10.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,295	...	...	15.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,675	...	...	13.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,850	...	...	23.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,685	...	...	20.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,550	...	...	10.9	...	...
85 years and over	1,200	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	40,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	36,885	...	...	90.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,850	...	...	9.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,625	...	...	8.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	41,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,060	...	...	14.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,555	...	...	8.5	...	...
Not suitable only	340	...	...	0.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,840	...	...	4.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	275	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	35,880	...	...	85.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	40,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,260	...	...	3.1	...	...
Not in core need	39,250	...	...	96.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	29,065	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.6	...	...	58.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.4	...	...	1.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	800	...	...	800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	886	...	...	886	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	174,000	...	...	174,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	198,400	...	...	198,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,725	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.3	...	...	13.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.2	...	...	16.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.4	...	...	7.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	548	...	...	548	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	575	...	...	575	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	70	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	14.3	...	...	14.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	372	...	...	372	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	440	...	...	440	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	89,055	44,960	44,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	5,570	2,850	2,715	6.3	6.3	6.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	5,485	2,810	2,675	6.2	6.3	6.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	4,760	2,430	2,330	5.3	5.4	5.3
Métis single ancestry	685	365	320	0.8	0.8	0.7
Inuit single ancestry	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,250	1,625	1,620	3.6	3.6	3.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,205	1,605	1,600	3.6	3.6	3.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,820	1,400	1,415	3.2	3.1	3.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	370	205	165	0.4	0.5	0.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	80,240	40,480	39,760	90.1	90.0	90.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	89,055	44,960	44,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	88,250	44,465	43,790	99.1	98.9	99.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,650	8,455	8,195	18.7	18.8	18.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	71,605	36,010	35,595	80.4	80.1	80.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	805	495	310	0.9	1.1	0.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	89,055	44,960	44,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	87,805	44,220	43,580	98.6	98.4	98.8
Immigrants⁸¹	785	405	380	0.9	0.9	0.9
Before 1980	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
1980 to 1990	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
1991 to 2000	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
2001 to 2010	205	130	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	315	145	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
2011 to 2015	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
2016 to 2021	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	470	335	135	0.5	0.7	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	785	405	375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	105	65	45	13.4	16.0	12.0
5 to 14 years	95	30	65	12.1	7.4	17.3
15 to 24 years	145	90	55	18.5	22.2	14.7
25 to 44 years	395	195	200	50.3	48.1	53.3
45 years and over	40	20	10	5.1	4.9	2.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	785	405	375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	160	70	85	20.4	17.3	22.7
Brazil	30	15	15	3.8	3.7	4.0
Colombia	20	0	15	2.5	0.0	4.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	40	20	25	5.1	4.9	6.7
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	25	15	10	3.2	3.7	2.7
Peru	15	0	10	1.9	0.0	2.7
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	15	10	10	1.9	2.5	2.7
Other places of birth in Americas	20	15	10	2.5	3.7	2.7
Europe	350	195	155	44.6	48.1	41.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	195	120	80	24.8	29.6	21.3
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	15	10	3.2	3.7	2.7
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	10	0	1.3	2.5	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	75	35	40	9.6	8.6	10.7
Africa	180	100	80	22.9	24.7	21.3
Algeria	15	15	0	1.9	3.7	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	0	1.3	2.5	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	1.3	2.5	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	145	65	80	18.5	16.0	21.3
Asia	90	35	55	11.5	8.6	14.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	10	10	2.5	2.5	2.7
Viet Nam	15	0	10	1.9	0.0	2.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	10	20	3.8	2.5	5.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	130	65	70	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	15	0	15	11.5	0.0	21.4
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	0	10	7.7	0.0	14.3
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	55	30	20	42.3	46.2	28.6
France	40	30	15	30.8	46.2	21.4
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	40	20	20	30.8	30.8	28.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	15	0	10	11.5	0.0	14.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	15	10	19.2	23.1	14.3
Asia	15	10	10	11.5	15.4	14.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	0	7.7	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	0	7.7	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	89,055	44,960	44,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,445	795	650	1.6	1.8	1.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,005	560	445	1.1	1.2	1.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	86,605	43,605	43,000	97.2	97.0	97.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	640	330	310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	300	155	140	46.9	47.0	45.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	165	110	55	25.8	33.3	17.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	130	50	85	20.3	15.2	27.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	315	155	160	49.2	47.0	51.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	20	0	10	3.1	0.0	3.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	15	0	2.3	4.5	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	640	330	310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	15	0	3.1	4.5	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	85	60	25	13.3	18.2	8.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	15	0	15	2.3	0.0	4.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	50	30	25	7.8	9.1	8.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	10	0	1.6	3.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	460	215	245	71.9	65.2	79.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	89,055	44,960	44,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	995	485	505	1.1	1.1	1.1
South Asian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese	110	20	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
Black	420	215	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
Filipino	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Arab	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	145	100	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Southeast Asian	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	88,060	44,470	43,590	98.9	98.9	98.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	89,055	44,965	44,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	36,920	18,590	18,330	41.5	41.3	41.6
English	420	210	205	0.5	0.5	0.5
Irish	1,390	685	710	1.6	1.5	1.6
Scottish	685	285	400	0.8	0.6	0.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	17,165	8,940	8,225	19.3	19.9	18.7
German	400	160	245	0.4	0.4	0.6
Chinese	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italian	410	215	190	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indian (India)	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Québécois	14,235	7,035	7,200	16.0	15.6	16.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Filipino	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French Canadian	9,870	4,870	4,995	11.1	10.8	11.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,530	1,330	1,200	2.8	3.0	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,835	1,385	1,450	3.2	3.1	3.3
Métis	1,160	620	540	1.3	1.4	1.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,025	575	455	1.2	1.3	1.0
Russian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
American	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Acadian	685	315	365	0.8	0.7	0.8
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	160	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	30	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lebanese	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,470	730	740	1.7	1.6	1.7
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,240	690	550	1.4	1.5	1.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	175	110	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Haitian	110	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	100	80	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	420	195	225	0.5	0.4	0.5
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	515	275	235	0.6	0.6	0.5
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	2,030	1,030	1,000	2.3	2.3	2.3
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	185	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	190	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	275	110	165	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	89,055	44,960	44,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Christian	74,160	36,765	37,395	83.3	81.8	84.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,630	2,905	2,725	6.3	6.5	6.2
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baptist	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catholic	67,820	33,545	34,280	76.2	74.6	77.7
Christian Orthodox	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jehovah's Witness	205	85	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	235	105	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	110	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	235	125	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	14,425	7,935	6,485	16.2	17.6	14.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	88,255	44,575	43,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	80,715	40,915	39,800	91.5	91.8	91.1
Movers	7,545	3,665	3,875	8.5	8.2	8.9
Non-migrants	4,520	2,175	2,345	5.1	4.9	5.4
Migrants	3,020	1,490	1,530	3.4	3.3	3.5
Internal migrants	2,865	1,385	1,485	3.2	3.1	3.4
Intraprovincial migrants	2,765	1,340	1,420	3.1	3.0	3.3
Interprovincial migrants	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	155	100	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	85,010	42,975	42,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	60,155	30,660	29,500	70.8	71.3	70.2
Movers	24,855	12,315	12,535	29.2	28.7	29.8
Non-migrants	11,915	5,745	6,165	14.0	13.4	14.7
Migrants	12,935	6,565	6,365	15.2	15.3	15.1
Internal migrants	12,375	6,215	6,155	14.6	14.5	14.6
Intraprovincial migrants	12,155	6,110	6,045	14.3	14.2	14.4
Interprovincial migrants	220	110	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	565	350	215	0.7	0.8	0.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	75,090	37,815	37,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,450	10,600	8,850	25.9	28.0	23.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	55,640	27,220	28,420	74.1	72.0	76.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	44,570	22,580	21,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,470	5,040	3,435	19.0	22.3	15.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	36,095	17,545	18,550	81.0	77.7	84.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	75,085	37,815	37,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,670	8,520	8,150	22.2	22.5	21.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,925	6,800	8,120	19.9	18.0	21.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,490	22,500	20,995	57.9	59.5	56.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	34,290	18,620	15,665	45.7	49.2	42.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	18,905	11,990	6,915	25.2	31.7	18.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	14,070	8,125	5,945	18.7	21.5	16.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,840	3,865	975	6.4	10.2	2.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,015	5,880	7,135	17.3	15.5	19.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,370	750	1,615	3.2	2.0	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,200	3,875	5,325	12.3	10.2	14.3
Bachelor's degree	6,835	2,705	4,125	9.1	7.2	11.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	785	395	390	1.0	1.0	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	310	135	175	0.4	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	1,160	575	595	1.5	1.5	1.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	44,565	22,585	21,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,525	3,600	2,925	14.6	15.9	13.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,495	3,060	3,440	14.6	13.5	15.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,545	15,925	15,620	70.8	70.5	71.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,735	13,410	11,330	55.5	59.4	51.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,430	8,960	5,470	32.4	39.7	24.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,875	6,110	4,765	24.4	27.1	21.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,555	2,845	705	8.0	12.6	3.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,995	4,105	4,890	20.2	18.2	22.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,310	345	965	2.9	1.5	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,805	2,515	4,295	15.3	11.1	19.5
Bachelor's degree	4,970	1,745	3,225	11.2	7.7	14.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	570	240	335	1.3	1.1	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	260	95	170	0.6	0.4	0.8
Master's degree	905	380	530	2.0	1.7	2.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	75,085	37,815	37,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	31,595	15,315	16,280	42.1	40.5	43.7
Education	3,980	945	3,035	5.3	2.5	8.1
13. Education	3,980	945	3,035	5.3	2.5	8.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	695	330	365	0.9	0.9	1.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	60	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	600	270	335	0.8	0.7	0.9
Humanities	1,300	640	660	1.7	1.7	1.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	780	375	405	1.0	1.0	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	65	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	95	80	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	165	65	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,365	570	1,790	3.1	1.5	4.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	265	110	155	0.4	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,005	25	980	1.3	0.1	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	265	125	140	0.4	0.3	0.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	10	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	350	115	240	0.5	0.3	0.6
45. Social sciences	350	160	190	0.5	0.4	0.5
Business, management and public administration	8,545	2,450	6,095	11.4	6.5	16.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	715	80	635	1.0	0.2	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,830	2,370	5,460	10.4	6.3	14.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	810	450	360	1.1	1.2	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	205	100	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	100	65	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	240	105	135	0.3	0.3	0.4
40. Physical sciences	180	145	35	0.2	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	810	525	285	1.1	1.4	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	655	485	170	0.9	1.3	0.5
25. Library science	110	10	100	0.1	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,075	10,390	680	14.7	27.5	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	210	115	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	580	495	90	0.8	1.3	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,265	2,005	260	3.0	5.3	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,650	2,590	55	3.5	6.8	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,125	3,010	120	4.2	8.0	0.3
48. Precision production	2,235	2,185	55	3.0	5.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,045	2,275	770	4.1	6.0	2.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,125	620	510	1.5	1.6	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,920	1,655	260	2.6	4.4	0.7
Health and related fields	5,965	965	5,000	7.9	2.6	13.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	265	155	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,575	745	4,835	7.4	2.0	13.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	125	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,895	2,955	1,940	6.5	7.8	5.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,185	505	1,680	2.9	1.3	4.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	745	620	120	1.0	1.6	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,955	1,825	130	2.6	4.8	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	44,570	22,580	21,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,020	6,660	6,360	29.2	29.5	28.9
Education	2,385	435	1,950	5.4	1.9	8.9
13. Education	2,385	435	1,950	5.4	1.9	8.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	530	225	310	1.2	1.0	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	50	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	450	170	285	1.0	0.8	1.3
Humanities	610	295	310	1.4	1.3	1.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	340	185	150	0.8	0.8	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	55	50	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	95	30	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,790	400	1,395	4.0	1.8	6.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	200	95	105	0.4	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	815	15	800	1.8	0.1	3.6
22. Legal professions and studies	195	85	110	0.4	0.4	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	270	85	185	0.6	0.4	0.8
45. Social sciences	245	100	145	0.5	0.4	0.7
Business, management and public administration	6,395	1,610	4,785	14.3	7.1	21.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	565	55	510	1.3	0.2	2.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,830	1,555	4,275	13.1	6.9	19.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	435	250	185	1.0	1.1	0.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	170	75	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	140	115	25	0.3	0.5	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	670	435	240	1.5	1.9	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	575	420	155	1.3	1.9	0.7
25. Library science	75	0	75	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,175	7,590	585	18.3	33.6	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	175	95	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	460	375	85	1.0	1.7	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,645	1,430	215	3.7	6.3	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,860	1,815	50	4.2	8.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,390	2,270	115	5.4	10.1	0.5
48. Precision production	1,640	1,600	45	3.7	7.1	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,410	1,765	645	5.4	7.8	2.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	855	440	420	1.9	1.9	1.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,555	1,325	225	3.5	5.9	1.0
Health and related fields	4,300	620	3,680	9.6	2.7	16.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	175	100	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,010	465	3,545	9.0	2.1	16.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	55	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,840	2,310	1,530	8.6	10.2	7.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,660	330	1,330	3.7	1.5	6.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	615	520	95	1.4	2.3	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,560	1,460	100	3.5	6.5	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	44,570	22,580	21,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,020	6,660	6,360	29.2	29.5	28.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	31,545	15,920	15,625	70.8	70.5	71.1
Location of study inside Canada	31,170	15,700	15,470	69.9	69.5	70.4
Same as province or territory of residence	30,965	15,625	15,340	69.5	69.2	69.8
Different than province or territory of residence	205	75	130	0.5	0.3	0.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	370	220	155	0.8	1.0	0.7
Americas	70	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
United States of America	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	225	130	95	0.5	0.6	0.4
Belgium	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	160	105	60	0.4	0.5	0.3
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	75,085	37,815	37,270	...	...	...
In the labour force	43,330	23,125	20,205	...	...	...
Employed	40,590	21,485	19,100	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,740	1,640	1,100	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	31,755	14,690	17,065	...	...	...
Participation rate	57.7	61.2	54.2	57.7	61.2	54.2
Employment rate	54.1	56.8	51.2	54.1	56.8	51.2
Unemployment rate	6.3	7.1	5.4	6.3	7.1	5.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	75,085	37,815	37,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	30,440	13,740	16,695	40.5	36.3	44.8
Worked	44,650	24,075	20,575	59.5	63.7	55.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	23,410	12,930	10,480	31.2	34.2	28.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	21,240	11,145	10,095	28.3	29.5	27.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	41.3	41.3	41.3	41.3	41.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	43,330	23,130	20,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	755	350	405	1.7	1.5	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	42,575	22,775	19,800	98.3	98.5	98.0
Employee	38,170	20,060	18,110	88.1	86.7	89.6
Permanent position	30,330	15,975	14,355	70.0	69.1	71.0
Temporary position	7,840	4,085	3,755	18.1	17.7	18.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,000	845	1,155	4.6	3.7	5.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,840	3,240	2,605	13.5	14.0	12.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,410	2,715	1,690	10.2	11.7	8.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	43,330	23,130	20,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	755	350	405	1.7	1.5	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	42,575	22,775	19,800	98.3	98.5	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	615	430	185	1.4	1.9	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,545	1,510	4,040	12.8	6.5	20.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,085	1,655	425	4.8	7.2	2.1
3 Health occupations	3,710	550	3,160	8.6	2.4	15.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,280	1,315	3,965	12.2	5.7	19.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	650	275	375	1.5	1.2	1.9
6 Sales and service occupations	11,135	4,605	6,530	25.7	19.9	32.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,890	8,355	535	20.5	36.1	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,155	1,875	280	5.0	8.1	1.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,500	2,200	305	5.8	9.5	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	43,330	23,130	20,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	755	350	405	1.7	1.5	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	42,575	22,775	19,800	98.3	98.5	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,035	2,425	610	7.0	10.5	3.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	385	365	20	0.9	1.6	0.1
22 Utilities	365	335	30	0.8	1.4	0.1
23 Construction	3,185	2,795	385	7.4	12.1	1.9
31-33 Manufacturing	5,125	4,215	910	11.8	18.2	4.5
41 Wholesale trade	850	645	205	2.0	2.8	1.0
44-45 Retail trade	6,010	2,595	3,420	13.9	11.2	16.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,935	1,510	425	4.5	6.5	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	185	100	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
52 Finance and insurance	970	265	700	2.2	1.1	3.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	370	225	150	0.9	1.0	0.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,615	840	775	3.7	3.6	3.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,140	715	425	2.6	3.1	2.1
61 Educational services	3,205	860	2,345	7.4	3.7	11.6
62 Health care and social assistance	6,680	1,170	5,510	15.4	5.1	27.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	530	270	255	1.2	1.2	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	2,515	1,030	1,485	5.8	4.5	7.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,350	1,250	1,100	5.4	5.4	5.4
91 Public administration	2,125	1,155	965	4.9	5.0	4.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	47,350	25,380	21,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	215	130	90	0.5	0.5	0.4
French	44,965	23,790	21,175	95.0	93.7	96.4
Non-official language	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and French	1,970	1,360	615	4.2	5.4	2.8
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	120	40	80	0.3	0.2	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	40	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	47,350	25,380	21,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	47,055	25,155	21,900	99.4	99.1	99.7
Official languages	47,000	25,120	21,880	99.3	99.0	99.6
English	395	250	140	0.8	1.0	0.6
French	46,605	24,865	21,735	98.4	98.0	98.9
Non-official languages	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	295	230	70	0.6	0.9	0.3
English and French	270	215	60	0.6	0.8	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	47,350	25,380	21,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	45,495	24,155	21,345	96.1	95.2	97.2
English	1,535	1,030	500	3.2	4.1	2.3
French	200	135	65	0.4	0.5	0.3
Non-official language	75	25	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	40,585	21,485	19,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	4,045	1,945	2,095	10.0	9.1	11.0
Worked outside Canada	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	5,055	3,965	1,090	12.5	18.5	5.7
Usual place of work	31,460	15,550	15,910	77.5	72.4	83.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	31,460	15,550	15,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	19,455	8,980	10,475	61.8	57.7	65.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,845	3,515	3,325	21.8	22.6	20.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,085	2,995	2,090	16.2	19.3	13.1
Commute to a different province or territory	70	60	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	36,515	19,510	17,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	33,420	17,910	15,510	91.5	91.8	91.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	31,960	17,190	14,775	87.5	88.1	86.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,460	715	735	4.0	3.7	4.3
Public transit	100	65	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Walked	2,105	995	1,110	5.8	5.1	6.5
Bicycle	195	150	45	0.5	0.8	0.3
Other method	700	395	305	1.9	2.0	1.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	36,515	19,510	17,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	20,725	10,040	10,685	56.8	51.5	62.9
15 to 29 minutes	8,370	4,480	3,885	22.9	23.0	22.9
30 to 44 minutes	3,715	2,175	1,535	10.2	11.1	9.0
45 to 59 minutes	1,710	1,145	565	4.7	5.9	3.3
60 minutes and over	1,995	1,665	330	5.5	8.5	1.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	36,515	19,510	17,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,725	2,160	565	7.5	11.1	3.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,190	4,490	1,700	17.0	23.0	10.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,270	6,255	7,020	36.3	32.1	41.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,850	2,685	4,170	18.8	13.8	24.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,210	725	1,485	6.1	3.7	8.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,275	3,205	2,070	14.4	16.4	12.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	17,125	8,765	8,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	850	435	410	5.0	5.0	4.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,275	8,330	7,945	95.0	95.0	95.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,810	6,590	6,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	605	310	295	4.7	4.7	4.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	370	190	175	2.9	2.9	2.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	235	120	115	1.8	1.8	1.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,205	6,280	5,925	95.3	95.3	95.3

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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